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WALS Online - Feature 34A: Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> WALS Online - Feature 34A: Occurrence of Nominal Plurality </title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://wals.info/static/favicon.ico?v=324215cdeed9a360a4ee5d4be141c5a1" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="https://wals.info/clld-static/css/packed.240c81d2.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://wals.info/clld-static/js/packed.381e4264.js"></script> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://wals.info/unapi"> <script src="https://wals.info/_js"></script> <link href="https://wals.info/clld-static/css/select2.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://wals.info/clld-static/js/select2.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://wals.info/clld-static/css/coloris.min.css"/> <script src="https://wals.info/clld-static/js/coloris.min.js"></script> <style> input.coloris {width: 20px; 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margin-top: 1em;"> <div class="well well-small"> <h3>Values</h3> <table class="table table-condensed"> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v1-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#FFFFFF" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v1-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>No nominal plural</td> <td class="right">28</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v2-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#9999FF" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v2-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>Only human nouns, optional</td> <td class="right">20</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v3-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#0000DD" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v3-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>Only human nouns, obligatory</td> <td class="right">40</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v4-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#FFFF00" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v4-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>All nouns, always optional</td> <td class="right">55</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v5-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#FF6600" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v5-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>All nouns, optional in inanimates</td> <td class="right">15</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input title="Click to choose marker color" class="coloris" id="v6-c" type="text" data-coloris value="#DD0000" style="cursor: pointer;"> <select title="Select marker shape" class="shape" id="v6-s" style="width: 45px; margin-top: 10px"> <option value="s" style="font-size: 30px;">■</option> <option value="d" style="font-size: 30px;">◆</option> <option value="c" style="font-size: 30px;" selected>●</option> <option value="t" style="font-size: 30px;">▲</option> <option value="f" style="font-size: 30px;">▼</option> </select> </td> <td>All nouns, always obligatory</td> <td class="right">133</td> </tr> </table> <a class="btn" onclick='CLLD.reload_map(["v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6"])'>reload</a> <p></p> </div> </div> <h2>Feature 34A: Occurrence of Nominal Plurality</h2> <div><div><div class="btn-group right"><button class="btn btn-info dl-widget-IRepresentation" data-content="<div><p>You may download alternative representations of the data on &#34;Occurrence of Nominal Plurality&#34; 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return false;">tab-separated values</a></li><li><a href="#" id="rsc-dl-ttl" onclick="document.location.href = CLLD.route_url("parameter_alt", {"ext": "ttl", "id": "34A"}); return false;">RDF serialized as turtle</a></li><li><a href="#" id="rsc-dl-xml" onclick="document.location.href = CLLD.route_url("parameter_alt", {"ext": "xml", "id": "34A"}); return false;">WALS XML</a></li></ul></div><script> $(document).ready(function() { $('.dl-widget-IRepresentation').clickover({ html: true, title: 'Download information', placement: 'right', trigger: 'click' }); });</script></div></div> <p> This feature is described in the text of chapter 34 <a class="button btn" href="https://wals.info/chapter/34">Occurrence of Nominal Plurality</a> by <span><a class="Contributor" href="https://wals.info/author/haspelmathm" title="Martin Haspelmath">Martin Haspelmath</a></span> <button class="btn" id="cite-button-34" onclick="CLLD.Modal.show("Occurrence of Nominal Plurality", "https://wals.info/chapter/34.md.html")" type="button">cite</button> </p> <div> <form action="https://wals.info/_select_combination"> <fieldset> <p> You may combine this feature with another one. Start typing the feature name or number in the field below. </p> <input type="hidden" name="parameters" id="ms-parameters" class=""/> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#ms-parameters").select2({"placeholder": "Search parameters", "width": "element", "data": [{"id": "1A", "text": "1A: Consonant Inventories"}, {"id": "2A", "text": "2A: Vowel Quality Inventories"}, {"id": "3A", "text": "3A: Consonant-Vowel Ratio"}, {"id": "4A", "text": "4A: Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives"}, {"id": "5A", "text": "5A: Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems"}, {"id": "6A", "text": "6A: Uvular Consonants"}, {"id": "7A", "text": "7A: Glottalized Consonants"}, {"id": "8A", "text": "8A: Lateral Consonants"}, {"id": "9A", "text": "9A: The Velar Nasal"}, {"id": "10A", "text": "10A: Vowel Nasalization"}, {"id": "10B", "text": "10B: Nasal Vowels in West Africa"}, {"id": "11A", "text": "11A: Front Rounded Vowels"}, {"id": "12A", "text": "12A: Syllable Structure"}, {"id": "13A", "text": "13A: Tone"}, {"id": "14A", "text": "14A: Fixed Stress Locations"}, {"id": "15A", "text": "15A: Weight-Sensitive Stress"}, {"id": "16A", "text": "16A: Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems"}, {"id": "17A", "text": "17A: Rhythm Types"}, {"id": "18A", "text": "18A: Absence of Common Consonants"}, {"id": "19A", "text": "19A: Presence of Uncommon Consonants"}, {"id": "20A", "text": "20A: Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives"}, {"id": "21A", "text": "21A: Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives"}, {"id": "21B", "text": "21B: Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection"}, {"id": "22A", "text": "22A: Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb"}, {"id": "23A", "text": "23A: Locus of Marking in the Clause"}, {"id": "24A", "text": "24A: Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases"}, {"id": "25A", "text": "25A: Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology"}, {"id": "25B", "text": "25B: Zero Marking of A and P Arguments"}, {"id": "26A", "text": "26A: Prefixing vs. Suffixing in 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<ul class="nav nav-pills"> <li class="dropdown" id="legend-layers"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" id="legend-layers-opener">Legend<b class="caret"></b></a><ul class="dropdown-menu stay-open" id="legend-layers-container"><li class=" stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-1", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGRkZGRjtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />No nominal plural</label></li><li class=" stay-open stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-2", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6Izk5OTlGRjtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />Only human nouns, optional</label></li><li class=" stay-open stay-open stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-3", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6IzAwMDBERDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />Only human nouns, obligatory</label></li><li class=" stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-4", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGRkYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />All nouns, always optional</label></li><li class=" stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-5", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />All nouns, optional in inanimates</label></li><li class=" stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open stay-open" style="clear: right"><label class="checkbox inline stay-open" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input checked="checked" class="stay-open" onclick="CLLD.mapToggleLayer("map", "34A-6", this)" type="checkbox" /><img height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0REMDAwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="20" />All nouns, always obligatory</label></li></ul></li> <li class="dropdown" id="legend-iconsize"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" id="legend-iconsize-opener">Icon size<b class="caret"></b></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" id="legend-iconsize-container"><li><label class="radio" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"><input name="iconsize" onclick="CLLD.mapResizeIcons("map")" type="radio" value="15" /><img height="15" 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7b3BhY2l0eTpOb25lOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=" width="40" /></label></li></ul></li> <li class="dropdown pull-right" id="legend-geojson"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" id="legend-geojson-opener">GeoJSON<b class="caret"></b></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" id="legend-geojson-container"><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-1" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-1");">No nominal plural</a></li><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-2" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-2");">Only human nouns, optional</a></li><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-3" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-3");">Only human nouns, obligatory</a></li><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-4" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-4");">All nouns, always optional</a></li><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-5" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-5");">All nouns, optional in inanimates</a></li><li><a href="https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-6" onclick="return CLLD.mapShowGeojson("map", "34A-6");">All nouns, always obligatory</a></li></ul></li> <li> <label class="checkbox inline" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;"> <input id="map-label-visiblity" type="checkbox" class="inline" onclick='CLLD.mapToggleLabels("map", this)'> Show/hide Labels </label> </li> </ul> <div id="map" style="width: 100%; height: 500px;"> </div> <script> $(window).load(function() { CLLD.map("map", {"34A-1": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-1", "34A-2": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-2", "34A-3": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-3", "34A-4": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-4", "34A-5": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-5", "34A-6": "https://wals.info/feature/34A.geojson?domainelement=34A-6"}, {"resize_direction": "s", "info_query": {"parameter": 37}, "hash": true, "icon_size": 20, "max_zoom": 9, "worldCopyJump": true, "on_init": wals_parameter_map_on_init}); }); $('.dropdown-menu .stay-open').click(function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); </script> </div> <div id="list-container"> <div class="tabbable"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="active"><a href="#tab1" data-toggle="tab">Values</a></li> <li><a href="#tab2" data-toggle="tab">Examples</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content" style="overflow: visible;"> <div id="tab1" class="tab-pane active"> <table id="Datapoints" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="table table-bordered order-column compact stripe"> <thead> <tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Value</th> <th>Reference</th> <th></th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"> <input type="text" name="language" id="dt-filter-language" value="" placeholder="Search" class="input-small control" /> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <select class="select control input-small" name="value" id="dt-filter-value"> <option value="">--any--</option> <option value="No nominal plural">No nominal plural</option> <option value="Only human nouns, optional">Only human nouns, optional</option> <option value="Only human nouns, obligatory">Only human nouns, obligatory</option> <option value="All nouns, always optional">All nouns, always optional</option> <option value="All nouns, optional in inanimates">All nouns, optional in inanimates</option> <option value="All nouns, always obligatory">All nouns, always 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placeholder="Search" class="input-small control" /> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <input type="text" name="gloss" id="dt-filter-gloss" value="" placeholder="Search" class="input-small control" /> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <input type="text" name="description" id="dt-filter-description" value="" placeholder="Search" class="input-small control" /> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <select class="select control input-small" name="type" id="dt-filter-type"> <option value="">--any--</option> </select> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <input type="text" name="language" id="dt-filter-language" value="" placeholder="Search" class="input-small control" /> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"> <input type="text" name="d" id="dt-filter-d" value="" class="search_init control" style="display: none;"/> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> <script> $(document).ready(function() { CLLD.DataTable.init("Sentences", "<div class=\"\"><button class=\"btn btn-info 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