CINXE.COM
Ingersoll, Robert Green - Freethought Trail - New York
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Y49RKSZGSG"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}; gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-Y49RKSZGSG'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>Ingersoll, Robert Green - Freethought Trail - New York</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/assets/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#800d0d"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/assets/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link href="/assets/css/combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar fixed-top app-navbar app-red-bg-gradient"> <a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#app-page">Skip to main content</a> <div class="container"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" title="Freethought Trail" aria-roll="button" aria-label="Freethought Trail"><i class="sprite-logo "></i></a> <button class="navbar-toggler " type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNavDropdown" aria-controls="navbarNavDropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon "></span> </button> <div class="w-100 mt-auto app-nav"> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavDropdown"> <div class="text-center text-uppercase app-secondary-font-stack app-styled-nav"> <div class="px-3"> <img class="img-fluid mb-3" src="/assets/img/default/nav-line-top.png" srcset="/assets/img/default/nav-line-top.png 1x,/assets/img/default/nav-line-top@2x.png 2x" alt=""><br /> <a href="/trail-map/" class="app-styled-font-size-1">Trail Map</a><br /> <a href="/plan-your-journey/" class="app-styled-font-size-2">Plan Your Journey</a><br /> <a href="/our-history/" class="app-styled-font-size-3">Our History</a><br /> <a href="/latest-news/" class="app-styled-font-size-4">Latest News</a><br /> <a href="/partner-links-and-credits" class="app-styled-font-size-5">Partner Links & Credits</a><br /> <img class="img-fluid mt-3" src="/assets/img/default/nav-line-bottom.png" srcset="/assets/img/default/nav-line-bottom.png 1x,/assets/img/default/nav-line-bottom@2x.png 2x" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="app-page"> <div class="app-red-bg"> <div class="container"> <div id="carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <img class="d-block d-md-none img-fluid" src="/cache/images/612bd436abdb45ce71aad52287c8c5b3.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/612bd436abdb45ce71aad52287c8c5b3.jpg 1x, /cache/images/87e50316e5bc07bfdfbf0f4b1cf6c8eb.jpg 2x" alt="Ingersoll, Robert Green"> <img class="d-none d-md-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/e9951b242d50162584e382bec99119a0.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/e9951b242d50162584e382bec99119a0.jpg 1x, /cache/images/233735cc4c45106c073b0f33602db190.jpg 2x" alt="Ingersoll, Robert Green"> <div class="carousel-image-overlay app-red-carousel-gradient"></div> <div class="carousel-caption carousel-caption-internal"> <div class="app-center"> <h1 class="mt-5 mt-sm-0">Ingersoll, Robert Green</h1> <p>1833–1899</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="app-white-bg app-box-shadow"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12 app-links"> <figure class="figure col-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 float-right ml-3 mb-3"> <img src="src="/cache/images/7f776630cfa9a7f48f91e050a282ce73.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7f776630cfa9a7f48f91e050a282ce73.jpg 1x, /cache/images/232bde833d3faa21abbd3363f9292135.jpg 2x"" class="figure-img img-fluid" alt="Ingersoll, Robert Green"> </figure> <p>Robert Green Ingersoll (1833–1899) is too little known today. Yet he was the foremost orator and political speechmaker of late nineteenth-century America—perhaps the best-known American of the post-Civil War era. On tour after tour, he crisscrossed the country and spoke before packed houses on topics ranging from Shakespeare to Reconstruction, from science to religion. Known as the Great Agnostic, Ingersoll was the best-known and most widely respected ambassador the American <a href="/causes/cause:freethought-atheism-secular-humanism/"> freethought movement</a> would ever have.</p> <p>In an age when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chautauqua">oratory was the dominant form of public information and entertainment</a>, Ingersoll was<a href="https://www.quora.com/Who-was-Colonel-Ingersoll-and-what-was-he-notorious-for"> the unchallenged dean of American orators</a>. He was seen and heard by more Americans than would see or hear any other human being until the advent of radio and motion pictures.</p> <p>Ingersoll bitterly opposed the religious Right of his day—yet though he was an outspoken agnostic, he was also the foremost political speechmaker of the Republican Party. During Ingersoll’s public life, no GOP candidate for whom he declined to campaign attained the White House.</p> <p>Ingersoll was a good friend of iconic <a href="/causes/cause:abolition/">antislavery</a> campaigner <a href="/profiles/profile:douglass-frederick/">Frederick Douglass</a>. Douglass once remarked that Ingersoll and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> were the only white men in whose company "he could be without feeling he was regarded as inferior to them." In a September 1876 speech hailed as one of the foremost literary responses to the Civil War, Ingersoll delivered a searing indictment of slavery that could have been uttered yesterday: "Four million bodies in chains -- four million souls in fetters. All the sacred relations of wife, mother, father, and child trampled beneath the brutal feet of might. And all this was done under our own beautiful banner of the free."</p> <p><strong>Early Life. </strong>Ingersoll <a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-robert-green-ingersoll/">was born</a> on August 11, 1833, in <a href="/regions/region:dresden/">Dresden</a>, New York. His father, the Rev. John Ingersoll, was a poor minister who moved from church to church. He was also an abolitionist, a friend and fellow activist of the Rev. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriah_Green">Beriah Green</a>, who almost certainly passed through Dresden and visited the Ingersolls as he traveled east from Ohio to assume the presidency of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_Institute">Oneida Institute</a>, a radical boarding school that educated Black and White students together. Green would have visited the Ingersolls shortly before Robert's birth. Robert Green Ingersoll's middle name was a tribute to Beriah Green.</p> <p>Rev. Ingersoll's abolitionism (unusual for the time, even in the North) and his relentless preaching about hellfire wore out yet another congregation's welcome: The Ingersolls left Dresden less than four months after Robert's birth. <a href="/trail-map/location:mary-livingston-ingersoll-grave-site/">Ingersoll's mother died</a> in <a href="/regions/region:cazenovia/">Cazenovia</a>, New York, when Robert was but three years old. His father held various preaching appointments from New York City to the Midwest. The family's travels ended after several years in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois">Peoria, Illinois</a>.</p> <p>Robert Ingersoll first attained regional prominence in Peoria. There he and his brother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebon_C._Ingersoll">Ebon Clark Ingersoll</a>, had a thriving legal practice.</p> <p>Robert first entered politics as a Democrat in the mold of Lincoln debate opponent Stephen Douglas, though probably the most strongly abolitionist Douglas Democrat Illinoisans had ever seen. “Ingersoll was a Democrat until the attack upon Fort Sumter," noted his biographer Herman E. Kittredge, "and a Republican thence to the day of his death.”</p> <p>At the outbreak of the Civil War Robert raised a cavalry regiment at Peoria. He commanded it with the rank of Colonel, and was known ever since as Colonel Ingersoll or, more casually, "Colonel Bob."</p> <p>He gained national attention with his bombastic speech nominating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> for the Republican presidential nomination in 1876. The next year he moved to Washington, D. C. In 1885, already a prominent national figure, he relocated to New York City.</p> <p><strong>Ingersoll and Freethought. </strong>At various times, Ingersoll held high offices in most of the major American freethought groups of the time, including the <a href="/profiles/profile:national-liberal-league/"> National Liberal League</a>. When atheist publisher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._M._Bennett">D. M. Bennett</a> was arrested at an 1878 <a href="/trail-map/location:freethinkers-meeting-site-park/"> freethinkers’ conference</a> in <a href="/regions/region:watkins-glen/"> Watkins,</a> now Watkins Glen, for selling a <a href="/causes/cause:birth-control-sex-radicalism/"> birth control</a> and marriage reform tract some deemed obscene, Ingersoll—who had not attended the conference—offered his legal services and personally appealed to President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> to drop the charges. (For details of this incident, click <a href="/profiles/profile:new-york-freethinkers-association/"> here</a>.)</p> <p>Ingersoll was among the speakers when the sponsor of the Watkins conference, the <a href="/profiles/profile:new-york-freethinkers-association/">New York Freethinkers Association</a>, <a href="/historical-events/event:1880-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/">convened</a> in <a href="/trail-map/location:metropolitan-hall-hornellsville/">Hornellsville</a> for its fourth annual convention on September 2–6, 1880.</p> <p>In 1887, Ingersoll defended <a href="/regions/region:rochester/">Rochester</a>-based minister-turned-freethinker <a href="/profiles/profile:reynolds-charles-b/">Charles B. Reynolds</a>, who had been arrested on blasphemy charges in New Jersey. The entire defense consisted of <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=dul1.ark:/13960/t4km72g7h&view=1up&seq=9">Ingersoll’s summation</a>, which was delivered from memory and lasted several hours. Reynolds was found guilty, but given only a token fine. Ingersoll paid the fine himself and charged Reynolds nothing for his services. Though his client was convicted, Ingersoll succeeded in his larger agenda: no American state or municipality would take a defendant to trial on a charge of blasphemy again, save for Maine’s successful 1919 prosecution of Lithuanian freethinker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_X._Mockus">Michael X. Mockus</a>.</p> <p>In 1888, a letter from a fervently Christian attorney (Hiram L. Suydam) of <a href="/regions/region:geneva/">Geneva</a> elicited what may be Ingersoll's most vituperous condemnation of Christianity. He closed his letter of reply dated September 29 with these words: "...at least one hundred and fifty millions of human beings have been sacrificed to establish what is called the Christian religion. I am opposed to the whole business. I want to get rid of the old religions, and I want no new ones in their place."</p> <p><strong>Ingersoll Comes Home Again. </strong>Ingersoll <a href="/historical-events/event:only-return-to-his-birth-county-by-robert-green-ingersoll/">returned to the area of his birth</a> only once, in 1889, when he was fifty-six years of age. Accompanied by his daughters Eva and Maud, he traveled to <a href="/regions/region:penn-yan/">Penn Yan</a>, New York, by rail, lodging at the <a href="/trail-map/location:benham-house-hotel/">Benham House</a>, Penn Yan's premier hostelry. On Tuesday, September 24, <a href="/historical-events/event:ingersoll-visits-his-birthplace/">the Ingersolls toured Dresden</a>, viewing his birthplace, then a private home, and the nearby private residence which had once been his father's church. The next day, Wednesday, September 25, <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-at-yates-county-fair/">he addressed a crowd</a> of about eight thousand at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York">Yates County</a> <a href="/trail-map/location:yates-county-fair/">Fair</a>. Appropriately for his rural audience, his remarks were drawn from his famous speech "<a href="https://infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/about_farming_in_illinois.html">About Farming in Illinois</a>," coupled with praise for the beauty of the region where he was born.</p> <p><strong>Ingersoll's Homes and the Importance of the Birthplace. </strong>Ingersoll had good taste in real estate. His Washington, D.C., brownstone on Lafayette Square is now incorporated into the <a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Howard+T.+Markey+National+Courts+Building&t=ffab&atb=v170-1&ia=web">Howard T. Markey National Courts Building</a>, home to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Federal_Claims">United States Court of Federal Claims</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</a>. His brownstone on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramercy_Park">Gramercy Park</a> in New York City was razed to make way for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramercy_Park_Hotel">Gramercy Park Hotel</a>, now a glittering boutique hostelry. Aside from a <a href="http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/nm/dorsey.html">New Mexico ranch</a> given to Ingersoll by a client otherwise unable to settle his bill—where Ingersoll lived briefly before deciding that cattle ranching was not for him—only one of Ingersoll’s residences still stands. Ironically, it is his birthplace in <a href="/regions/region:dresden/"> Dresden, New York</a>, where he lived only for the first few months of his life.</p> <p><strong>Ingersoll's Death and the Aftermath. </strong>Ingersoll died on July 21, 1899, while summering at the home of a son-in-law in Dobbs Ferry, New York. News of his death filled newspapers across the nation and across the world. Tributes came from across the ideological spectrum; Ingersoll was publicly mourned by figures ranging from industrialist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> to socialist and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs">labor activist</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>. Suffrage campaigner <a href="/profiles/profile:stanton-elizabeth-cady/">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> wrote to the national freethought newspaper <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Investigator"><em>The Boston Investigator</em></a>, declaring that "No death outside my own family could fill me with such sadness. What a glorious life of self-sacrifice and faithfulness to principle his has been, trying to banish religious superstition from the souls of multitudes of men and women."</p> <p>In view of his Civil War military service, Ingersoll was <a href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rgingersoll.htm">buried</a> alongside the ashes of his wife in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>.</p> <p><strong>Ingersoll Remembered Today. </strong>The birthplace now houses <a href="https://www.secularhumanism.org/ingersoll">America’s only freethought museum</a>. The third restoration of the Ingersoll birthplace since 1921, it has been open to the public each summer and fall since 1993 (save for the COVID year of 2020).</p> <p>An <a href="https://chronology.secularhumanism.org/">interactive online Chronology</a> documents nearly the whole of Ingersoll's public life. It contains over 2500 events, including most of his public lectures.</p> <p>An excellent twenty-eight–minute video summarizing Ingersoll’s life and achievements is available <a href="http://vimeopro.com/roderickbradford/ingersoll"> here</a>. It is compiled from the 2014 video miniseries <a href="http://www.americanfreethought.tv">American Freethought</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-tan-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12"> <h4>Associated Causes</h4> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/causes/cause:freethought-atheism-secular-humanism/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/27aabec993ace73d7bf98b4065273141.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/27aabec993ace73d7bf98b4065273141.jpg 1x, /cache/images/f9be28a654e87c7f8c610cf2332b24c6.jpg 2x" alt="Freethought / Atheism / Secular Humanism"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Freethought / Atheism / Secular Humanism</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-tan-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12"> <h4>Associated Sites</h4> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:yates-county-fair/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/0b87187658dcede40e8c3caee979374a.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/0b87187658dcede40e8c3caee979374a.jpg 1x, /cache/images/170f0217c15829140f62dab2a301e651.jpg 2x" alt="Yates County Fair"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Yates County Fair</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:academy-of-music-oswego/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/125b17b3f8d78e8d4bfc0cc05099f7af.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/125b17b3f8d78e8d4bfc0cc05099f7af.jpg 1x, /cache/images/32a1a45ae211f2e8099ac1dd24888c69.jpg 2x" alt="Academy of Music / Doolittle Hall"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Academy of Music / Doolittle Hall</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:alhambra-theater/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/cc27ca256fb3d764555bc6cbbf69b543.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/cc27ca256fb3d764555bc6cbbf69b543.jpg 1x, /cache/images/eae7fed56141a6f3fdfc39c2a64f3bd7.jpg 2x" alt="Alhambra Theater"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Alhambra Theater</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:breese-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/89345092841d249a0a711b25627310dd.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/89345092841d249a0a711b25627310dd.jpg 1x, /cache/images/30d8b452a9264352a1b63a9a965d6c03.jpg 2x" alt="Breese Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Breese Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:benham-house-hotel/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/5331d4fed99394d21d1a26982f368520.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/5331d4fed99394d21d1a26982f368520.jpg 1x, /cache/images/371953336736114eac3bb54df893ec3c.jpg 2x" alt="Benham House Hotel"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Benham House Hotel</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:corning-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/e2081571e71e91461bf5243f4fc9bbdc.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/e2081571e71e91461bf5243f4fc9bbdc.jpg 1x, /cache/images/d0a3f963bd84b25e93932da5bf300d75.jpg 2x" alt="Corning Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Corning Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:elmira-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/35322f7e8dc90475b8afb4d5fb8ad98c.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/35322f7e8dc90475b8afb4d5fb8ad98c.jpg 1x, /cache/images/ff756d98d07f4ef443c7f866428b7792.jpg 2x" alt="Elmira Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Elmira Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:fitzhugh-hall/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c0b7c601c9d3b8c0372d94508bc99f36.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c0b7c601c9d3b8c0372d94508bc99f36.jpg 1x, /cache/images/1b6f75becbb810974411d0c4b1953b48.jpg 2x" alt="Fitzhugh Hall"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Fitzhugh Hall</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:grand-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/4633a35236c3c0ce0b264391a27fa9a2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/4633a35236c3c0ce0b264391a27fa9a2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/75b8a0dff6427fe73b11997227653f70.jpg 2x" alt="Grand Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Grand Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:powers-hotel/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/1020fc721d78fb084a5639000f28b98b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/1020fc721d78fb084a5639000f28b98b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/16e98ca1fad73a0ce0c61a29d87ba937.jpg 2x" alt="Powers Hotel"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Powers Hotel</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:shattuck-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/5a4c15eb7b5321a1c83b0617835d9362.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/5a4c15eb7b5321a1c83b0617835d9362.jpg 1x, /cache/images/9f13a0b56fea13ec36534da8ff3db188.jpg 2x" alt="Shattuck Opera House, Hornellsville"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Shattuck Opera House, Hornellsville</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:sinks-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/4067c580f84db76378ea282d8c41d7d1.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/4067c580f84db76378ea282d8c41d7d1.jpg 1x, /cache/images/114a401dc3f7b9aa7cc0399511c1ca9a.jpg 2x" alt="Sink's Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Sink's Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:utica-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/50f111bcf50489394f9dce99db3da80e.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/50f111bcf50489394f9dce99db3da80e.jpg 1x, /cache/images/87ba12032ccb2a3697fb315dbc3f7ae6.jpg 2x" alt="Utica Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Utica Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:ingersoll-auburn-lecture-site/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/8ab96888934fa3125b0f0b74890b7a79.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/8ab96888934fa3125b0f0b74890b7a79.jpg 1x, /cache/images/37393147c79e51e166e450b590f9880a.jpg 2x" alt="Academy of Music, Auburn"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Academy of Music, Auburn</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:bastable-theatre/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2286c93a60423f41a49422955c7e2292.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2286c93a60423f41a49422955c7e2292.jpg 1x, /cache/images/49f5e242b9c902eb3fcaf7e38d7b81f6.jpg 2x" alt="Bastable Theatre"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Bastable Theatre</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:bob-ingersoll-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/7b8e55390372dba7d65a40641d3f028c.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7b8e55390372dba7d65a40641d3f028c.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b2c15a323c3b815db614f4c4a639feda.jpg 2x" alt="Bob Ingersoll House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Bob Ingersoll House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:columbus-hall/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/d55f5b418f68a43b6d6bc2534838cfc5.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/d55f5b418f68a43b6d6bc2534838cfc5.jpg 1x, /cache/images/57f72839ca71658c7706c77b651ea147.jpg 2x" alt="Columbus Hall"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Columbus Hall</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:corinthian-hall-academy-of-music/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2c287d8e3f0faa22a066481b6cb41fb0.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2c287d8e3f0faa22a066481b6cb41fb0.jpg 1x, /cache/images/8df6efca6a12b97abb9b55f9f3a03b31.jpg 2x" alt="Corinthian Hall / Academy of Music"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Corinthian Hall / Academy of Music</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:freethinkers-meeting-site-hall/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/216bc046808f3a7d8600ea7b16968d49.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/216bc046808f3a7d8600ea7b16968d49.jpg 1x, /cache/images/63b6e09bdac2aaedc0346134f426551f.jpg 2x" alt="Freethinkers Meeting Site (hall)"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Freethinkers Meeting Site (hall)</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:freethinkers-meeting-site-park/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c34bb67367df60c2723d9b7c7099e165.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c34bb67367df60c2723d9b7c7099e165.jpg 1x, /cache/images/ada9e22fc663c30a01c0c2294134eb9b.jpg 2x" alt="Freethinkers Meeting Site (park)"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Freethinkers Meeting Site (park)</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:lyceum-theatre/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/5b0f230b83e5079d9ce6b621bafa8e6a.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/5b0f230b83e5079d9ce6b621bafa8e6a.jpg 1x, /cache/images/177972004fb09b32c85f2a8bcfb41f56.jpg 2x" alt="Lyceum Theatre, Rochester"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Lyceum Theatre, Rochester</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:mary-livingston-ingersoll-grave-site/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/d4598b571728ced8712ac8e2d37698c2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/d4598b571728ced8712ac8e2d37698c2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/00f039f9f8a3b7feef04f7d04a73f037.jpg 2x" alt="Mary Livingston Ingersoll Grave Site"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Mary Livingston Ingersoll Grave Site</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:robert-green-ingersoll-birthplace-museum/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ec9baa7a48db36b2179b2a49c22ab587.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ec9baa7a48db36b2179b2a49c22ab587.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a7db3c902a23490c0f6d510a538dcaa6.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Birthplace Museum"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Birthplace Museum</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:wieting-opera-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/7e51e1d92fd384f213a22a6e160d9c26.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7e51e1d92fd384f213a22a6e160d9c26.jpg 1x, /cache/images/387946a3e0b0cad303424be0d7ed7611.jpg 2x" alt="Wieting Opera House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Wieting Opera House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-tan-bg-gradient"> <div class="container py-5"> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="col-12"> <h4>Associated Historical Events</h4> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-robert-green-ingersoll/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/a5b9ec993d75c924b12d24c1880927a5.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/a5b9ec993d75c924b12d24c1880927a5.jpg 1x, /cache/images/2f07b0413c9bf39490cd039cecf7f467.jpg 2x" alt="Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-robert-green-ingersoll/" class="app-red-text">Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll</a></h3> <p>August 11, 1833</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>November 13, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>November 14, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 11, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>February 20, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-individuality-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Individuality" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-individuality-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Individuality" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>February 21, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>February 22, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-elmira/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Elmira"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-elmira/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Elmira</a></h3> <p>February 25, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-robert-burns-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Robert Burns" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-robert-burns-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Robert Burns" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>October 30, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-mistakes-of-moses-lecture-in-hornellsville/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Mistakes of Moses" Lecture in Hornellsville"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-mistakes-of-moses-lecture-in-hornellsville/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Mistakes of Moses" Lecture in Hornellsville</a></h3> <p>September 24, 1879</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:1880-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Fourth New York Freethinkers Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:1880-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/" class="app-red-text">Fourth New York Freethinkers Association Convention</a></h3> <p>September 2–6, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-support-of-james-a-garfield-in-rome/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in Support of James A. Garfield in Rome"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-support-of-james-a-garfield-in-rome/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in Support of James A. Garfield in Rome</a></h3> <p>October 18, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>December 13, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>January 19, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-auburn/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Auburn"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-auburn/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Auburn</a></h3> <p>January 21, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-in-oswego/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Oswego"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-in-oswego/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Oswego</a></h3> <p>January 23, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-which-way-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Which Way?" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-which-way-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Which Way?" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 26, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-norwich/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Norwich"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-norwich/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Norwich</a></h3> <p>February 26, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:ingersoll-visits-his-birthplace/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/bf67f4094430d29c146f0add8c7c50bf.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/bf67f4094430d29c146f0add8c7c50bf.jpg 1x, /cache/images/56e2533aee0f2a1074ba0e7e0a6504ba.jpg 2x" alt="Ingersoll Visits His Birthplace"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:ingersoll-visits-his-birthplace/" class="app-red-text">Ingersoll Visits His Birthplace</a></h3> <p>September 24, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-at-yates-county-fair/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture at Yates County Fair"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-at-yates-county-fair/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture at Yates County Fair</a></h3> <p>September 25, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:only-return-to-his-birth-county-by-robert-green-ingersoll/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Only Return to His Birth County by Robert Green Ingersoll"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:only-return-to-his-birth-county-by-robert-green-ingersoll/" class="app-red-text">Only Return to His Birth County by Robert Green Ingersoll</a></h3> <p>September 24–25, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>April 19, 1891</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-the-woods-outside-corning/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in the Woods outside Corning"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-the-woods-outside-corning/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in the Woods outside Corning</a></h3> <p>Unknown</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>April 2, 1893</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>April 27, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-oswego/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Oswego"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-oswego/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Oswego</a></h3> <p>April 30, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>May 2, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-corning/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Corning"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-corning/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Corning</a></h3> <p>May 4, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-hornellsville/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Hornellsville"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-hornellsville/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Hornellsville</a></h3> <p>May 5, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>March 9, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>March 10, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-elmira/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Elmira"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-elmira/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Elmira</a></h3> <p>April 23, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-foundations-of-faith-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Foundations of Faith" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-foundations-of-faith-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Foundations of Faith" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>February 23, 1896</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-iingersoll-gives-the-foundations-of-faith-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Foundations of Faith" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-iingersoll-gives-the-foundations-of-faith-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Foundations of Faith" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>February 25, 1896</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-why-i-am-an-agnostic-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Why I Am an Agnostic" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-why-i-am-an-agnostic-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Why I Am an Agnostic" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 31, 1897</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-iingersoll-gives-why-i-am-an-agnostic-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Why I Am an Agnostic" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-iingersoll-gives-why-i-am-an-agnostic-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Why I Am an Agnostic" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>January 4, 1898</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-unknown-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Unknown Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-unknown-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Unknown Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 5, 1898</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:grave-of-mary-livingston-ingersoll-located/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/5af7cdf2a5aee23c30d8fbef230b9baf.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/5af7cdf2a5aee23c30d8fbef230b9baf.jpg 1x, /cache/images/f41015b710a71d4b664256a328bc8685.jpg 2x" alt="Grave of Mary Livingston Ingersoll Located"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:grave-of-mary-livingston-ingersoll-located/" class="app-red-text">Grave of Mary Livingston Ingersoll Located</a></h3> <p>December 23, 2015</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-red-bg app-white-text"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> <h3>Browse Historical Sites</h3> </div> </div> <div class="row text-uppercase"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <h4><a href="/causes/" class="d-block py-3 app-white-text app-border-bottom app-border-top">By Cause <i class="far fa-long-arrow-alt-right float-right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <h4><a href="/profiles/" class="d-block py-3 app-white-text app-border-bottom app-border-top app-no-border-top">By Those Involved <i class="far fa-long-arrow-alt-right float-right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <h4><a href="/regions/" class="d-block py-3 app-white-text app-border-bottom">By Location <i class="far fa-long-arrow-alt-right float-right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <h4><a href="/historical-events/" class="d-block py-3 app-white-text app-border-bottom">By Event <i class="far fa-long-arrow-alt-right float-right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <h4><a href="/types/" class="d-block py-3 app-white-text app-border-bottom">By Type <i class="far fa-long-arrow-alt-right float-right"></i></a></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 mt-5 mt-md-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> <h3>Sign Up for our Newsletter</h3> </div> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> <p><a href="https://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/store_example/product/become-a-friend-of-the-ingersoll-birthplace-museum" class="btn btn-lg btn-block rounded-0 app-white-bg app-red-text">Sign Up</a></p> </div> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> <h3 class="">Follow our sponsor on</h3> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/centerforinquiry/" class="mr-3 app-white-text"><i class="fab fa-fw fa-facebook-f"></i> Facebook</a></p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p><a href="https://twitter.com/center4inquiry" class="mr-3 app-white-text"><i class="fab fa-fw fa-twitter"></i> Twitter</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="app-dark-gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 app-gray-text"> <p class="m-0">© 2025 Freethought Trail. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 text-sm-right app-gray-text"> <p class="m-0">Site by <a href="https://ingenious.org/" class="app-gray-text">Ingenious, Inc.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script async src="/assets/js/combined.min.js"></script> </body> </html>