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Né le 22 août 1920 à Waukegan (Illinois), lecteur depuis l'enfance de textes fantastiques et d'ouvrages de science-fiction , Bradbury publie ses premiers récits à partir de 1938, dans des fanzines (revues ronéotypées éditées par des amateurs de..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ray-bradbury/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012). Né le 22 août 1920 à Waukegan (Illinois), lecteur depuis l'enfance de textes fantastiques et d'ouvrages de science-fiction , Bradbury publie ses premiers récits à partir de 1938, dans des fanzines (revues ronéotypées éditées par des amateurs de..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1737972863" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ray-bradbury/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012)","headline":"Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012)","description":"Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012). N\u00e9 le 22\u00a0ao\u00fbt 1920 \u00e0 Waukegan (Illinois), lecteur depuis l'enfance de textes fantastiques et d'ouvrages de science-fiction , Bradbury publie ses premiers r\u00e9cits \u00e0 partir de 1938, dans des fanzines (revues ron\u00e9otyp\u00e9es \u00e9dit\u00e9es par des amateurs de science-fiction) de la r\u00e9gion de Los Angeles. Ses v\u00e9ritables d\u00e9buts professionnels datent de 1941 (une nouvelle dans Super Science Stories )\u00a0; son nom appara\u00eetra d\u00e9sormais dans divers magazines policiers, dans Astounding , et surtout dans la revue Weird Tales , rendue c\u00e9l\u00e8bre par Lovecraft. 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title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT229361_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT229361_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH230578" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ray Bradbury" href="/media/ray-bradbury-ph230578/"><img id="PH230578" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/e/csm_ph230578_ffaefb3c02.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ray Bradbury - crédits : Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images" data-description="Chroniques martiennes, puis Fahrenheit 451 : ces deux œuvres de l'Amércian Ray Bradbury, publiées respectivement en 1950 et 1953, marquent l’émergence d’une science-fiction qui se situe aux confins du fantastique." data-copyright="Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="737" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ray Bradbury </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> Né le 22 août 1920 à Waukegan (Illinois), lecteur depuis l'enfance de textes fantastiques et d'ouvrages de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'« effet science-fiction » commence au niveau de la phrase. Ainsi Michel Jeury , dans Les Enfants de Mord (1979), fait dire à l'un de ses personnages : « Vous devez savoir que Louis Catalina n'est pas mort. Enfin, il n'est plus mort. » Un autre ajoute un peu plus loin : « J'espère qu'il restera mort un bon bout de temps ! ». Puis, c'est Catalina qui prend la parole : « Je ..." title="Article : SCIENCE-FICTION" href="/encyclopedie/science-fiction/">science-fiction</a>, Bradbury publie ses premiers récits à partir de 1938, dans des <em>fanzines</em> (revues ronéotypées éditées par des amateurs de science-fiction) de la région de Los Angeles. Ses véritables débuts professionnels datent de 1941 (une nouvelle dans <em>Super Science Stories</em>) ; son nom apparaîtra désormais dans divers magazines policiers, dans <em>Astounding</em>, et surtout dans la revue <em>Weird Tales</em>, rendue célèbre par Lovecraft. Une grande partie des nouvelles fantastiques écrites à cette époque sera reprise dans <em>Dark Carnival </em>(1947), premier recueil de Bradbury, qui réutilisera ces textes pour <em>Le Pays d'Octobre</em> (<em>The October Country</em>, 1955).</p><p>C'est en 1946 que paraît dans <em>Planet Stories</em> la première des <em>Chroniques martiennes</em>. L'édition de ces nouvelles en volume (1950) vaudra à Bradbury une célébrité immédiate, tant en Europe qu'aux États-Unis. C'est sans doute l'ouvrage le plus caractéristique de sa manière : une science-fiction très intériorisée, parfois très proche du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="En principe, le fantastique dans la nature, dans les arts plastiques, dans la littérature devrait sinon être identique à lui-même, du moins relever de critères immédiatement identifiables, qui permettraient de le circonscrire avec évidence. Il n'en est rien. En premier lieu, « fantastique naturel » peut sembler une sorte de contradiction dans les termes, puisque fantastique signifie vio..." title="Article : FANTASTIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/fantastique/">fantastique</a> et de l'épouvante (ainsi la nouvelle intitulée <em>Usher II</em>, qui annonce le thème, qu'il développera en 1953 dans son roman <em>Fahrenheit 451</em>, de la persécution des lecteurs de livres), animée de vives préoccupations humanistes et moralistes. Bradbury fait ensuite paraître un autre recueil de nouvelles, <em>L'Homme illustré</em> (<em>The Illustrated Man</em>, 1951), et collabore, avec le réalisateur John Huston, à l'adaptation cinématographique de <em>Moby Dick</em>. Par la suite, il publie encore plusieurs ouvrages, en particulier <em>La Foire aux ténèbres</em> (<em>Something Wicked this Way Comes</em>, 1962), et <em>Je chante le corps électrique</em> (<em>I Sing the Body Electric</em>, 1969), <em>L’Arbre d’Halloween</em> (<em>The Halloween Tree</em>, 1972), <em>La solitude est un cercueil de verre</em> (<em>Death is a Lonely Business</em>, 1985), <em>Il faut tuer Constance</em> (<em>Let’s all Kill Constance</em>, 2003).</p><p>Le cinéma s'est beaucoup intéressé à l'œuvre de Bradbury. Si <em>L'Homme tatoué</em> (<em>L'Homme illustré</em>) de Jack Smight (1968) et <em>Chroniques martiennes</em> de Michaël Anderson (1979) ne sont pas d'authentiques réussites, François Truffaut, avec <em>Fahrenheit 451</em> (1966) et Jack Clayton, dans <em>La Foire aux ténèbres</em> (1983), ont su traduire en images le climat particulier des textes de l'auteur.</p><p>On a souvent accusé Bradbury de se répéter ; il y a beaucoup de vrai dans ce jugement, même si c'est volontairement qu'il entend se limiter à l'approfondissement de certains thèmes privilégiés comme la nostalgie de l'enfance, la défense de l'individu ou la critique de la science. Une telle attitude fait de lui un isolé au sein de la science-fiction. Bien qu'il soit leur contemporain, il a peu d'affinités avec des auteurs de « l'âge d'or » comme Asimov, Heinlein ou Van Vogt ; il ne s'est jamais véritablement soucié de respecter strictement les canons d'un genre qui n'est pas, au fond, le sien, car il reste avant tout un auteur fantastique. Il a d’ailleurs exprimé à plusieurs reprises que si <em>Farenheit 451</em> pouvait être considéré comme un livre de science-fiction, ses autres œuvres relevaient davantage du genre de la <em>fantasy</em>. C'est peut-être d'ailleurs cette position, d'un abord plus aisé pour un public non prévenu qui, jointe à un très grand talent de styliste, a fait son succès, surtout en France où les <em>Chroniques martiennes</em> ont fait naître, depuis leur traduction en 1954, de très nombreuses vocations d'auteurs (c'est le cas de Gérard Klein).</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Jean-Paul MOURLON</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T229361_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="MOURLON, Jean-Paul"><a title="Auteur : Jean-Paul MOURLON" rel="author" href="/auteurs/jean-paul-mourlon/"><strong>Jean-Paul MOURLON</strong></a> : maître ès lettres modernes, professeur au lycée de Tiaret, Algérie </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : BRADBURY RAY (1920-2012)" href="/carte-mentale/ray-bradbury/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229361_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> Écrivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains des Amériques" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-des-ameriques/"> Écrivains des Amériques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Écrivains des États-Unis d'Amérique"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains des États-Unis d'Amérique" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-des-ameriques/ecrivains-des-etats-unis-d-amerique/"> Écrivains des États-Unis d'Amérique </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229361_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH230578" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ray Bradbury" href="/media/ray-bradbury-ph230578/"> <img id="PH230578" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/e/csm_ph230578_ffaefb3c02.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ray Bradbury - crédits : Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images" data-description="Chroniques martiennes, puis Fahrenheit 451 : ces deux œuvres de l'Amércian Ray Bradbury, publiées respectivement en 1950 et 1953, marquent l’émergence d’une science-fiction qui se situe aux confins du fantastique." data-copyright="Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="737" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ray Bradbury </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Gary Friedman/ Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229361_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/fantastique/#c31195"> <span class="rg">FANTASTIQUE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Roger CAILLOIS</span> , <span rel="author">Éric DUFOUR</span> et <span rel="author">Jean-Claude ROMER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">21 028 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">14 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...sociale, exactement comme avaient procédé en leur temps Voltaire dans <em>Micromégas</em>, Swift dans <em>Les Voyages de Gulliver</em>. Toutes proportions gardées, un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012). Né le 22 août 1920 à Waukegan (Illinois), lecteur depuis l'enfance de textes fantastiques et d'ouvrages de science-fiction , Bradbury publie ses premiers récits à partir de 1938, dans des fanzines (revues ronéotypées éditées par des amateurs de science-fiction) de la région de Los Angeles. Ses véritables débuts professionnels datent de 1941 (..." title="Article : RAY BRADBURY (1920-2012)" href="/encyclopedie/ray-bradbury/">Ray Bradbury</a> peut passer en ce domaine pour leur héritier direct. Ses récits d'anticipation, les expéditions spatiales ou les péripéties martiennes qu'il... </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229361_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AMÉRICAINE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-americaine/"> <span class="rg">AMÉRICAINE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FANTASTIQUE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-fantastique/"> <span class="rg">FANTASTIQUE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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