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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Sigaret" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Sigaret" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Sigaret" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bestanddelen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestanddelen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bestanddelen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestanddelen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gezondheidsrisico's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gezondheidsrisico's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gezondheidsrisico's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gezondheidsrisico's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meetmethoden_schadelijke_stoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meetmethoden_schadelijke_stoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Meetmethoden schadelijke stoffen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Meetmethoden_schadelijke_stoffen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Meetmethoden schadelijke stoffen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Meetmethoden_schadelijke_stoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-'Sjoemelsigaret'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'Sjoemelsigaret'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>'Sjoemelsigaret'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'Sjoemelsigaret'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkoop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkoop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verkoop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkoop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigaret</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 110 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukok" title="Rukok – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rukok" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaret" title="Sigaret – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigaret" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarro" title="Fumarro – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fumarro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="سيجارة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيجارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="سيجاره – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيجاره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarru" title="Cigarru – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cigarru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqaret" title="Siqaret – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Siqaret" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سیقار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیقار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko" title="Roko – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Roko" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschick" title="Tschick – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschick" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%97gar%C4%97its" title="Cėgarėits – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cėgarėits" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarilyo" title="Sigarilyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sigarilyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цыгарэта – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цыгарэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цыгарэта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цыгарэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko%27" title="Roko' – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Roko'" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цигара – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цигара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="सिगरेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिगरेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="সিগারেট – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিগারেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤོག་དྲིལ་དུ་བ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤོག་དྲིལ་དུ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarreta" title="Cigarreta – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cigarreta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fng-gi%C4%81ng" title="Hŏng-giāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏng-giāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95" title="جگەرە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جگەرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigar%C3%A9t" title="Sigarét – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sigarét" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigaret" title="Cigaret – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cigaret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigarette" title="Zigarette – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zigarette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Τσιγάρο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσιγάρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cigarette" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigaredo" title="Cigaredo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cigaredo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarrillo" title="Cigarrillo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cigarrillo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaret" title="Sigaret – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sigaret" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigarreta" title="Zigarreta – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zigarreta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سیگار – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیگار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savuke" title="Savuke – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savuke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cigarette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigar%C3%A8ta" title="Cigarèta – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cigarèta" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toit%C3%ADn" title="Toitín – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toitín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarro" title="Cigarro – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cigarro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8A%D8%B3" title="پابلۊس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پابلۊس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudjeen" title="Tudjeen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tudjeen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="סיגריה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="सिगरेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिगरेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigaretta" title="Cigaretta – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cigaretta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Ծխախոտ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծխախոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Ծխախոտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ծխախոտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokok" title="Rokok – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rokok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigareto" title="Sigareto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sigareto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADgaretta" title="Sígaretta – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sígaretta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaretta" title="Sigaretta – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sigaretta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%BB%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B0%E3%81%93" title="紙巻きたばこ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紙巻きたばこ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokok" title="Rokok – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rokok" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿಗರೇಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಗರೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%90%EB%A0%A8" title="궐련 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="궐련" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%A7ik" title="Baçik – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Baçik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarellum" title="Sigarellum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sigarellum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigarett" title="Zigarett – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zigarett" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaret" title="Sigaret – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sigaret" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaretta" title="Sigaretta – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sigaretta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigaret%C4%97" title="Cigaretė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cigaretė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarete" title="Cigarete – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cigarete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokok" title="Rokok – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rokok" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цигара – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цигара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സിഗററ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഗററ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Янжуур – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Янжуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokok" title="Rokok – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rokok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="စီးကရက် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စီးကရက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="चुरोट – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चुरोट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarett" title="Sigarett – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sigarett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarett" title="Sigarett – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sigarett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarreta" title="Cigarreta – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cigarreta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papieros" title="Papieros – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papieros" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarro" title="Cigarro – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cigarro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyaru" title="Siyaru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siyaru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aigaret%C4%83" title="Țigaretă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țigaretă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aigar%C3%A2" title="Țigarâ – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Țigarâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сигарета – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сигарета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Циґаретля – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Циґаретля" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱥᱤᱜᱟᱨᱮᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱜᱟᱨᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaretta" title="Sigaretta – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sigaretta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD" title="سگريٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سگريٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cigarette" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigareta" title="Cigareta – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cigareta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigaar" title="Sigaar – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sigaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цигарета – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цигарета" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko" title="Roko – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Roko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarett" title="Cigarett – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cigarett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigara" title="Sigara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sigara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygaryta" title="Cygaryta – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cygaryta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tabaku" title="tabaku – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tabaku" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வெண்சுருட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெண்சுருட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="సిగరెట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిగరెట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="บุหรี่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บุหรี่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarilyo" title="Sigarilyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sigarilyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigara" title="Sigara – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sigara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сигарета – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сигарета" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="سگریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سگریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigareta" title="Sigareta – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sigareta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sighereta" title="Sighereta – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sighereta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_l%C3%A1" title="Thuốc lá – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuốc lá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigrette" title="Sigrette – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sigrette" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarilyo" title="Sigarilyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sigarilyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%AB%E6%9D%A1" title="薫条 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="薫条" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1" title="פאפיראס – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאפיראס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8F%B8" title="香菸 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香菸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3a-hun" title="Chóa-hun – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chóa-hun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99%E4%BB%94" title="煙仔 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="煙仔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigaret" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Sigaret" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigaret"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigaret"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Sigaret" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Sigaret" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&oldid=67633356" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Sigaret&id=67633356&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSigaret"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSigaret"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sigaret"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sigaret&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cigarette" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1578" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor het gelijknamige lied, zie <a href="/wiki/Sigaret_(lied)" title="Sigaret (lied)">Sigaret (lied)</a></i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cigarette_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cigarette_diagram.svg/260px-Cigarette_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cigarette_diagram.svg/390px-Cigarette_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cigarette_diagram.svg/520px-Cigarette_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>1. filter, 2. papier om filter, 3. <a href="/wiki/Vloeipapier_(sigaret)" title="Vloeipapier (sigaret)">vloeipapier</a> en 4. tabak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>sigaret</b> is een rolletje <a href="/wiki/Tabak" title="Tabak">tabak</a>, meestal korter dan 10 centimeter, bijeengehouden door een dun papieren kokertje. Dit kokertje kan al dan niet een filter bevatten. De diameter is 5-10 millimeter. Het papier en de tabak worden aan één zijde aangestoken en de <a href="/wiki/Sigarettenrook" title="Sigarettenrook">sigarettenrook</a> wordt via het andere uiteinde door de mond naar binnen gezogen. Als daarbij tot in de <a href="/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan)">longen</a> wordt ingeademd, wordt dit inhaleren genoemd. Aan een sigaret kan een bepaalde smaak worden toegevoegd, zoals <a href="/wiki/Cacaomassa" title="Cacaomassa">cacao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanille" title="Vanille">vanille</a> of <a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">menthol</a>. Een fabrieksmatig geproduceerde sigaret is erop gemaakt de verbranding van tabak te versnellen. </p><p>De naam 'sigaret' komt van het Franse <i>cigarette</i> ('sigaartje') en is een afgeleide van de <a href="/wiki/Sigaar" title="Sigaar">sigaar</a>. De <a href="/wiki/As_(verbranding)" title="As (verbranding)">as</a> van een sigaret wordt er doorgaans van afgetikt in een <a href="/wiki/Asbak_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbak (hoofdbetekenis)">asbak</a>. Wanneer de sigaret is opgerookt, heet het restant van de sigaret een <a href="/wiki/Peuk" title="Peuk">peuk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De sigaret is waarschijnlijk ontstaan in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Amerika" title="Zuid-Amerika">Zuid-Amerika</a>. In Europa werd ze populair na de <a href="/wiki/Krimoorlog" title="Krimoorlog">Krimoorlog</a> (1854-1856).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldaten brachten sigaretten uit Zuidoost-Europa en het Midden-Oosten mee naar West-Europa. Vanaf 1880 kwam de productie in Amerika tot een doorbraak nadat James Bonsack de eerste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigarettenmachine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigarettenmachine (de pagina bestaat niet)">sigarettenmachine</a> uitvond. Deze kon 200 sigaretten per minuut produceren. Ook later waren het soldaten die het gebruik van sigaretten verspreidden: Amerikaanse en Britse soldaten deelden tijdens en na de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog">Eerste</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> sigaretten uit aan de bevolking. Sigaretten maakten deel uit van het soldatenrantsoen. Na 1944 nam de populariteit van de <a href="/wiki/Sigaar" title="Sigaar">sigaar</a> in Europa geleidelijk af, hij werd voor een belangrijk deel verdrongen door de sigaret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bestanddelen">Bestanddelen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bestanddelen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bestanddelen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een brandbare deel van een sigaret bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit tabak, vloeipapier en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Additief_(sigaret)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Additief (sigaret) (de pagina bestaat niet)">additieven</a>. Deze laatsten hebben als taak de eigenschappen van het tabaksproduct, zoals de smaak of de houdbaarheid, te verbeteren. Additieven kunnen als negatief bijeffect hebben dat ze de gezondheid van de consument schaden, de additieven kunnen na verbranding ook giftig zijn of verslavend. </p><p>Tabaksfabrikanten en -importeurs zijn wettelijk verplicht ieder jaar voor elk tabaksproduct alle additieven op te geven, inclusief de hoeveelheden, functies en gezondheidseffecten.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVM2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 werden voor alle tabaksproducten bestemd voor de Nederlandse markt in totaal 1077 verschillende additieven gebruikt, vooral in sigaretten komen ze veel voor.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVM2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gemiddeld bestaat een sigaret voor 70% uit tabak en de overige 30% uit additieven, waarvan 5%-punt aan de tabak wordt toegevoegd en de overige 25%-punt aan het filter en vloeipapier. Aan tabak worden met name smaakstoffen toegevoegd, zoals suiker, cacao en <a href="/wiki/Vanilline" title="Vanilline">vanilline</a>, maar ook <a href="/wiki/Bevochtigingsmiddel" title="Bevochtigingsmiddel">bevochtigingsmiddelen</a> als <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a> en <a href="/wiki/Propaan-1,2-diol" title="Propaan-1,2-diol">propyleenglycol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVM2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aan het filter en papier worden vooral filtermaterialen, <a href="/wiki/Vulstof" title="Vulstof">vulstoffen</a>, lijmen, kleurstoffen en <a href="/wiki/Weekmaker" title="Weekmaker">weekmakers</a> toegevoegd.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVM2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per sigaret worden gemiddeld 74 additieven toegevoegd en ze worden veelal gebruikt om een merk unieke karakteristieken te geven.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gezondheidsrisico's"><span id="Gezondheidsrisico.27s"></span>Gezondheidsrisico's</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gezondheidsrisico's" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gezondheidsrisico's"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie ook <a href="/wiki/Roken_(tabak)" title="Roken (tabak)">Roken (tabak)</a>.</i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cigarettefiltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cigarettefiltar.jpg/260px-Cigarettefiltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cigarettefiltar.jpg/390px-Cigarettefiltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cigarettefiltar.jpg/520px-Cigarettefiltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>filter voor en na gebruik</figcaption></figure> <p>Behalve <a href="/wiki/Teer" title="Teer">teer</a> (veroorzaker van de rokershoest), <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a> (de verslavende stof in tabaksrook die onder andere <a href="/wiki/Hypertensie" title="Hypertensie">hoge bloeddruk</a> veroorzaakt, en beschadiging en vernauwing van de bloedvaten) en <a href="/wiki/Koolstofmonoxide" title="Koolstofmonoxide">koolmonoxide</a> (zorgt voor een slechtere <a href="/wiki/Lichamelijke_conditie" title="Lichamelijke conditie">lichamelijke conditie</a>). Tabaksrook bestaat uit zo'n 4000 aantoonbare giftige stoffen. Het totaal aantal giftige stoffen wordt geschat op 100.000, waarvan de aangetoonde stoffen zo'n 95% van het volume uitmaken. Tientallen stoffen in tabaksrook zijn kankerverwekkend. Het betreft onder andere <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosaminen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arseen" title="Arseen">arseen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aceton" title="Aceton">aceton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azijnzuur" title="Azijnzuur">azijnzuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dichloordifenyltrichloorethaan" title="Dichloordifenyltrichloorethaan">DDT</a> en <a href="/wiki/Benzeen" title="Benzeen">benzeen</a>. </p><p>Statistische onderzoeken wijzen uit dat roken (mede)verantwoordelijk is voor een groot aantal sterfgevallen. Ziekten die door roken worden bevorderd zijn onder meer ziekten van <a href="/wiki/Hart_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart (hoofdbetekenis)">hart</a> (onder andere <a href="/wiki/Hartinfarct" title="Hartinfarct">hartinfarct</a>) en bloedvaten (<a href="/wiki/Atheromatose" title="Atheromatose">atherosclerose</a>), ziekten van de <a href="/wiki/Ademhalingsstelsel" title="Ademhalingsstelsel">luchtwegen</a> (onder andere <a href="/wiki/COPD" title="COPD">COPD</a>), mondaandoeningen (onder andere <a href="/wiki/Parodontitis" title="Parodontitis">parodontitis</a>, met als gevolg kans op verlies van tanden en kiezen) en vrijwel alle vormen van <a href="/wiki/Kanker_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanker (hoofdbetekenis)">kanker</a> (onder meer <a href="/wiki/Mondkanker" title="Mondkanker">mondkanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keelkanker" title="Keelkanker">keelkanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longkanker" title="Longkanker">longkanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaadbalkanker" title="Zaadbalkanker">teelbalkanker</a>). Tevens onder meer beroerte (<a href="/wiki/Cerebrovasculair_accident" title="Cerebrovasculair accident">cerebrovasculair accident</a>), <a href="/wiki/Emfyseem" title="Emfyseem">longemfyseem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longontsteking" title="Longontsteking">longontsteking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziekte_van_Graves" title="Ziekte van Graves">ziekte van Graves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugpijn" title="Rugpijn">rugklachten</a>, oorklachten, en <a href="/wiki/Etalagebenen" title="Etalagebenen">etalagebenen</a>. Ook geeft roken onder meer een verhoogde kans op impotentie, <a href="/wiki/Erectiestoornis" title="Erectiestoornis">erectiestoornissen</a>, beschadiging van de <a href="/wiki/Zaadcel" title="Zaadcel">zaadcellen</a>, beschadiging van de <a href="/wiki/Eicel" title="Eicel">eicel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miskraam" title="Miskraam">miskraam</a> (kans is 1,5 à 3 keer zo groot), <a href="/wiki/Wiegendood" title="Wiegendood">wiegendood</a> bij baby's, een lager <a href="/wiki/Geboortegewicht" title="Geboortegewicht">geboortegewicht</a> van pasgeboren baby's, <a href="/wiki/Allergie" title="Allergie">allergische klachten</a> bij kinderen, <a href="/wiki/Onvruchtbaarheid" title="Onvruchtbaarheid">onvruchtbaarheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maculadegeneratie" title="Maculadegeneratie">maculadegeneratie</a>, staar, blindheid (door beschadiging van de bloedvaten in het oog), verandering van de gebitskleur (bruine tanden), <a href="/wiki/Foetor_ex_ore" class="mw-redirect" title="Foetor ex ore">onfrisse adem</a>, kleurverandering van de handen (vooral de vingers), voortijdige veroudering van de <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a> (rimpels), verhoogde kans op <a href="/wiki/Haaruitval" title="Haaruitval">haaruitval</a> en een minder goede algehele <a href="/wiki/Lichamelijke_conditie" title="Lichamelijke conditie">lichamelijke conditie</a>. </p><p>Een rokershoest ontstaat als iemand langdurig (fors) rookt. De <a href="/wiki/Teer" title="Teer">teer</a> die de <a href="/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan)">longen</a> binnenkomt als er een trekje aan een tabaksproduct wordt genomen (bijvoorbeeld een sigaret), zet zich vast op het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longweefsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longweefsel (de pagina bestaat niet)">longweefsel</a>. In de longen bevindt zich een enorm aantal <a href="/wiki/Trilhaar" title="Trilhaar">trilhaartjes</a>. Deze trilhaartjes hebben als taak het uit de longen drijven van met afval vervuild slijm. Zonder deze trilhaartjes hoopt zich allemaal vuil op in de longen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teer" title="Teer">teer</a> en veel andere stoffen die vrijkomen bij het verbranden van tabak, komen de longen binnen. De agressieve gassen uit tabaksrook dringen door de natuurlijke slijmlaag van de longen door. Deze stoffen tasten de cellen aan; de cellen sterven af. Gevolg is dat vele <a href="/wiki/Witte_bloedcel" title="Witte bloedcel">witte bloedcellen</a> komen helpen om de cellen weer op te bouwen. Bij mensen die veel roken komen er geen normale cellen terug, maar nemen slijmproducerende cellen de lege plaatsen in. Deze produceren zeer veel slijm, waardoor de vervuiling in de longen meegenomen kan worden. De hoeveelheid slijm is echter te groot voor de trilharen; deze kunnen het niet meer aan en raken verlamd. Ook nicotine zorgt ervoor dat de trilharen verlamd raken. </p><p>De trilharen voeren het slijm met vuil niet meer af; ze zijn immers verlamd en doen bijna niks meer. De hoeveelheid slijm kan nu alleen nog maar afgevoerd worden door het hoesten: de 'rokershoest'. Vooral 's ochtends hebben rokers er last van: de trilhaartjes die hun werk nog enigszins hebben kunnen doen zijn erin geslaagd een deel van het slijm naar boven te brengen. Dit slijm is klaar om uitgehoest te worden. Veel rokers zullen daarom ook 's ochtends moeten hoesten, meer dan overdag het geval is. Elke keer dat er gehoest wordt, neemt de elasticiteit van het longweefsel af. Op een gegeven moment is de rek bijna volledig uit het weefsel. Deze ziekte heet <a href="/wiki/Longemfyseem" class="mw-redirect" title="Longemfyseem">longemfyseem</a> en kan ernstig invaliderend zijn wanneer er niet gestopt wordt met roken. </p><p>In Nederland sterven er jaarlijks 20.000 mensen aan de gevolgen van roken, hierin zijn de passieve rokers niet meegerekend.<sup id="cite_ref-JEL_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bijna de helft hiervan sterft door longkanker en een kwart aan <a href="/wiki/COPD" title="COPD">chronische bronchitis en longemfyseem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JEL_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 stierven in België 14.000 mensen aan het roken en niet-rokers leven gemiddeld zeven jaar langer dan rokers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De sterftecijfers bij sigaar- en pijprokers zijn merkelijk lager dan bij sigarettenrokers, maar toch hoger dan bij niet-rokers. Volgens de <a href="/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie">Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie</a> (WHO) sterven er per jaar ruim 8 miljoen mensen aan de gevolgen van actief en/of passief roken. Dit zijn ruim 7 miljoen rokers en 1,2 miljoen mensen die de tabaksrook van anderen inademen.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOFS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOFS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nieuwe vormen van roken, zoals de <a href="/wiki/E-sigaret" title="E-sigaret">e-sigaret</a> of verhitten van de tabak in plaats van verbranden, zijn eveneens een bedreiging voor de gezondheid.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOFS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOFS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het roken van (filter)sigaretten verhoogt de kans op tal van ziekten en aandoeningen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Hart-_en_vaatziekten" title="Hart- en vaatziekten">hart- en vaatziekten</a>, verschillende vormen van <a href="/wiki/Kanker_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanker (hoofdbetekenis)">kanker</a> en <a href="/wiki/Parodontitis" title="Parodontitis">parodontitis</a>. Het al dan niet aanwezig zijn van een filter aan het mondstuk heeft geen effect op de gezondheidsrisico's.<sup id="cite_ref-hgr2023_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hgr2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In tegendeel: ze stimuleren het rookgemak door een aangenamer <a href="/wiki/Mondgevoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondgevoel">mondgevoel</a><sup id="cite_ref-hgr2023_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hgr2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Verder worden er ook meerdere radioactieve stoffen (waaronder <a href="/wiki/Polonium-210" title="Polonium-210">polonium-210</a>) geïnhaleerd bij het roken van een sigaret of tabak.<sup id="cite_ref-briannarego.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briannarego.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meetmethoden_schadelijke_stoffen">Meetmethoden schadelijke stoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Meetmethoden schadelijke stoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Meetmethoden schadelijke stoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om de schadelijke stoffen, dat zijn teer, nicotine en <a href="/wiki/Koolmonoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolmonoxide">koolmonoxide</a>, die vrijkomen bij het roken van sigaretten te meten zijn er twee methoden. Hierbij wordt gebruik gemaakt van dezelfde rookmachine. </p> <ul><li>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Internationale_Organisatie_voor_Standaardisatie" title="Internationale Organisatie voor Standaardisatie">Internationale Organisatie voor Standaardisatie</a> (ISO) methode zit er relatief veel tijd tussen de trekjes en inhaleert de machine weinig. Verder zijn de ventilatiegaatjes in de filter open waardoor de sigarettenrook wordt vermengd met schone buitenlucht.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVMRT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>De WHO Intense- of Canadian Intense-methode is meer afgestemd op het daadwerkelijk rookgedrag van de roker. De trekjes volgen sneller op elkaar en er wordt per trek meer rook geïnhaleerd. Verder worden de ventilatiegaatjes dichtgedrukt; in de praktijk dekt de roker deze gaatjes af met de vingers of lippen.</li></ul> <p>De ISO-methode is de wijze waarop de sigarettenindustrie nu de schadelijke stoffen meet en deze waarden komen op de verpakking.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVMRT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De rook van een sigaret mag volgens de wet maximaal 10 milligram (mg) teer, 1 mg nicotine en 10 mg koolmonoxide bevatten bij metingen volgens de ISO-methode. Dit is voor de Europese Economische Ruimte vastgelegd in de Europese tabaksproductenrichtlijn (2014/40/EU).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uit tests van het <a href="/wiki/Rijksinstituut_voor_Volksgezondheid_en_Milieu" title="Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu">RIVM</a> is gebleken dat het verschil in uitkomsten groot is. Gemiddeld ligt de inname van schadelijke stoffen driemaal hoger bij de WHO Intense methode dan bij de ISO-methode.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vooral sigaretten die gunstig uitkomen bij de ISO-methode scoren veel minder goed dan bij de WHO Intense methode. Verder zijn de verschillen tussen lichte en zware sigaretten veel minder groot bij de WHO Intense methode dan de ISO-methode.<sup id="cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIVMRT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'Sjoemelsigaret'"><span id=".27Sjoemelsigaret.27"></span>'Sjoemelsigaret'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 'Sjoemelsigaret'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 'Sjoemelsigaret'"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens critici voegt de tabaksindustrie stoffen toe aan sigaretten die deze extra verslavend zouden maken en zouden metingen kunnen worden gemanipuleerd om een gewenste <i>schijnbare</i> uitkomst aan schadelijke stoffen te bereiken die dan zou voldoen aan de wettelijke normen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiervoor werd de term <i>sjoemelsigaret</i> bedacht. Onderzoeksjournalist <a href="/wiki/Joop_Bouma_(journalist)" title="Joop Bouma (journalist)">Joop Bouma</a> stelde in 2019 in het boek <i>De sjoemelsigaret</i> aan de kaak hoe de tabaksindustrie in Nederland, "geholpen door zwak overheidsbeleid en bange gezondheidsfondsen" een machtspositie verwierf en behield.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkoop">Verkoop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verkoop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verkoop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG/260px-Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG/390px-Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG/520px-Tabaksautomaat_Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Een verouderde, niet vergrendelde sigarettenautomaat in het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum" title="Nederlands Openluchtmuseum">Nederlands Openluchtmuseum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sigaretten worden verkocht in pakjes met verschillende hoeveelheden. Een slof sigaretten bestaat meestal uit tien pakjes. Uit een pakje <a href="/wiki/Shag" title="Shag">shag</a> van 42,5 gram kunnen 35-45 sigaretten, afhankelijk van de hoeveelheid gebruikte tabak, gerold worden. Deze worden met de hand gemaakt met behulp van een dun papiertje, in Nederland een <i><a href="/wiki/Vloeipapier_(sigaret)" title="Vloeipapier (sigaret)">vloeitje</a></i>, in Vlaanderen ook wel een <i>blaadje</i> genoemd. De in België en Nederland verkochte pakjes zijn hersluitbaar, in veel andere landen (o.a. de Verenigde Staten), zijn ook zogeheten softpacks meer voorkomend; daarbij moet de gebruiker het pakje open krabben en kan het daarna niet meer sluiten.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 werden er wereldwijd zo'n 5.400 miljard sigaretten geconsumeerd, met een waarde van 700 miljard <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">dollar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JPAR18_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPAR18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a> is verreweg de grootste markt, goed voor meer dan 40% van de wereldwijde consumptie. De hele Chinese markt is bijna uitsluitend in handen van een <a href="/wiki/Monopolie" title="Monopolie">staatsmonopolie</a>. Indonesië, Rusland, de Verenigde Staten en Japan zijn de volgende vier grootste markten.<sup id="cite_ref-JPAR18_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPAR18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per hoofd van de bevolking, ouder dan 15 jaar, werden in <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a> gemiddeld 2295 sigaretten gerookt in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alleen in België werd nog meer gerookt, gemiddeld zo'n 2441 stuks per jaar. In de grootste sigarettenmarkt ter wereld, China, lag de consumptie op 2043 stuks. Japan nam een tussenpositie in met 1583 stuks en ook Nederland met 1460 stuks. In de Verenigde Staten werden gemiddeld 1017 sigaretten gerookt en in het Verenigd Koninkrijk, een land met een relatief hoge prijs, 828 stuks. </p><p>Buiten China is de sigarettenindustrie in handen van een beperkt aantal spelers. De vier grootste aanbieders van sigaretten hebben tezamen zo'n 65% van de markt.<sup id="cite_ref-JPAR20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPAR20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Door de dalende verkopen is al decennia lang een concentratietendens merkbaar. Kleine tabaksproducenten worden overgenomen door grotere spelers en vervolgens worden de kosten verlaagd door merken uit de handel te nemen en fabrieken te sluiten. De vier grootste aanbieders zijn: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Wereldwijd marktaandeel (excl. China) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fabrikant </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2015<sup id="cite_ref-JPAR20_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPAR20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-JPAR20_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPAR20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Morris_International" title="Philip Morris International">Philip Morris International</a></td> <td>24,3%</td> <td>25,6%</td> <td>23,9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a></td> <td>19,7%</td> <td>23,0%</td> <td>22,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Tobacco" title="Japan Tobacco">Japan Tobacco</a></td> <td>16,2%</td> <td>16,0%</td> <td>16,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Brands" title="Imperial Brands">Imperial Brands</a></td> <td>8,8%</td> <td>7,7%</td> <td>7,4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shag" title="Shag">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelfdovende_sigaret" title="Zelfdovende sigaret">Zelfdovende sigaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generieke_verpakking" title="Generieke verpakking">Neutrale verpakking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-sigaret" title="E-sigaret">Elektronische sigaret</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tobaccoatlas.org/">Tobacco Atlas, website die veel issues van het roken weergeeft</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Goodman, Jordan Elliot</span> (1993). <i>Tobacco in history: the cultures of dependance</i>. New York: Routledge. p.97. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780415049634" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-04963-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">James, Randy</span> <i>A Brief History Of Cigarette Advertising</i>. TIME, 15 juni 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIVM2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIVM2011_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">RIVM <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/050057002.pdf">Additieven in Nederlandse tabaksproducten, Analyse van de gegevens over 2011</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">RICM <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/tabak/wat-zit-er-in-een-sigaret">Wat zit er in een sigaret?</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JEL-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-JEL_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEL_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jellinek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jellinek.nl/vraag-antwoord/hoeveel-mensen-gaan-er-per-jaar-dood-door-roken/">Hoeveel mensen gaan er per jaar dood door roken?</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stichting tegen Kanker <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kanker.be/kankerpreventie/de-gevaren-van-tabak/volksgezondheid-de-cijfers-spreken-voor-zich">Volksgezondheid: de cijfers spreken voor zich</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHOFS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WHOFS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHOFS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> WHO <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco">Tobacco, key facts, 27 mei 2020</a>, geraadpleegd op 19 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hgr2023-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-hgr2023_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hgr2023_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.belgium.be/nl/advies-9726-sigarettenfilters">Advies 9726 - Sigarettenfilters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Gezondheidsraad" title="Hoge Gezondheidsraad">Hoge Gezondheidsraad</a>, 27 april 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110204230340/http://www.stivoro.nl/Voor_volwassenen/Gezondheid___roken/Index.aspx">https://web.archive.org/web/20110204230340/http://www.stivoro.nl/Voor_volwassenen/Gezondheid___roken/Index.aspx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-briannarego.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-briannarego.com_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521235356/http://www.briannarego.com/RegoSciAm2011.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20130521235356/http://www.briannarego.com/RegoSciAm2011.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIVMRT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIVMRT_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">RIVM <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/tabak/wat-zit-er-in-rook/Kenmerken-ISO-methode-en-WHO-Intense-methode">Kenmerken ISO-methode en WHO Intense-methode</a>, geraadpleegd op 14 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-34234-3.html">Wijziging van de Tabakswet ter implementatie van Richtlijn 2014/40/EU</a>, 23 juni 2015], geraadpleegd op 14 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">RIVM <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pdf-document"><img alt="Pdf-document" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/16px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/24px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/32px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/sites/default/files/2020-05/Tabel%20resultaten_TNCO_ratio_kleur_DEF.pdf">Teer, nicotine en koolmonoxide per sigarettenmerk volgens de ISO-methode en WHO Intense-methode</a>, geraadpleegd op 14 juli 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Algemeen Dagblad <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ad.nl/gezond/rokers-bedrogen-tabaksindustrie-weet-al-35-jaar-van-sjoemelsigaret~acedad3c/"><i>Rokers bedrogen: tabaksindustrie weet al 35 jaar van 'sjoemelsigaret</i>, 6 juli 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Joop Bouma</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlascontact.nl/boek/de-sjoemelsigaret/"><i>De sjoemelsigaret - hoe artsen en overheid de tabaksindustrie vrij spel gaven</i></a> <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789045037400" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789045037400">ISBN 9789045037400</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0378586B1/en">Softpack-type cigarette packet and process for producing it</a>. <i>Google Patents</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-02-26">26 februari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPAR18-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-JPAR18_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPAR18_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Japan Tobacco <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jt.com/investors/results/annual_report/index.html">Annual report 2020, p.34</a>, 17 november 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Tobacco Atlas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/consumption/">Cigarette Consumption per country, 2016 data</a>, geraadpleegd op 18 november 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPAR20-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-JPAR20_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPAR20_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPAR20_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Japan Tobacco <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jt.com/investors/results/integrated_report/index.html">Annual report 2020, p.34</a>, geraadpleegd op 13 juli 2021</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sigaret#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sigaret">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cigarettes#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cigarettes">Cigarettes</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&oldid=67633356">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigaret&oldid=67633356</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Tabak" title="Categorie:Tabak">Tabak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 6 jun 2024 om 09:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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