CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "academic.oup.com",cType: 'interactive',cRay: '92992e170cda5fb3',cH: 'NFgHNPRorUqLcdfulmfbDL9oUOhacGZnjoo2zPNqN94-1743521974-1.2.1.1-BvCqt.I38AcJSVFRlW.sWVuCVjnys7rDUJV_2LfqIh0rCxGMuM0JDZf9aZl99.FT',cUPMDTk: "\/jbi\/article\/2\/3\/232\/5828752?__cf_chl_tk=kffVgyO1vLtEJbtYBX8q4gfA75TvX8WZ8aNmOWhZA3Y-1743521974-1.0.1.1-O1zeFI12x8J0UBzeEFEIGhqSml15XvJfEqjQ7nZANvc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743521974',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/jbi\/article\/2\/3\/232\/5828752?__cf_chl_f_tk=kffVgyO1vLtEJbtYBX8q4gfA75TvX8WZ8aNmOWhZA3Y-1743521974-1.0.1.1-O1zeFI12x8J0UBzeEFEIGhqSml15XvJfEqjQ7nZANvc",md: "MaOHQxsA2SNaf.BfjDkP.noP9qCYPCtaxGXfZgEecFk-1743521974-1.2.1.1-ApgoVQsYOjXH3_jsTqnbZobV96sSWMXpzNaBS_b4fY2WcyO_BtY5nft_bPjmbMhhIRVIKgKYHBk0IgvjLUDL7XXlfidCgId.uXc6cv5kU5HVoWgirFNn_KQvjkYoqE51C0GKeGzo_ZqReK2TCxbe8REJ96VIAc0eq38uTY_vw6wxX1zO9k85rfc3cuHUA1FQ8rSWIS3HukfEjBH8EdRzAkTL8J3j3m1z35XgmbQYDsLqRWwhUS21vpanv9XfN0yrFaOZpfk6wzhXYgBLC_hZakhyM6rpm4f8FcZV_qLlsiCQBOg16VQyOSvAY1O7A0oEsrLrfH4KxgDS0D2Sy.31vwAGid4DnW3XmMV91tZ_lU1mSS_LVD72H9thiZAizsDkacNNocOGQaN6TptJNIqa8S4wraGGD6T9zE4bOEiMFBx67kcm1ZYUzGs6BhxaPXfHUTbGr0ZGmTKQ2JiRWRoxOKdn.WfSAwmZ3HV2tHT8GbYx.GzaGE.AgYvZ0CdFVQxXdZ57gOSLCo1iZAZY1nxEA04QoPErFu0daZXAoCAf_QmQpVRP4AkjoaQYrSXjwGnWcXAoSMzydfYvsxe_0gKEv6ilgvsg7ZlXR3C7hrkSaQnWs5KeOsXcxjvXYpj.8Mm26J2oV7Sl8tiCkeZfv9gfiQDV4erlihZOnUh6tT0PWciyWePt6Maw62jy7PgXG1t2vSeeKVvKps.mtUlhW7Zm.P_Z85CubnoGS9Bqg9kDufnZ3EOLbXE1NFSmrNIbunZeytc66y6Oci3en.iYWdE8LdC.WYMZwGEtXqic6N5fl2QDlrme6Rx_ErscOx2u9JcfrQdPu9YU2e6Wdha4OHC.hwFqYU6VFY_vvmCsUmjwOag9SNn_rT54myzNvcg4AHJ.UJqewmKrA4dPAwUVZGgceSn_dM6wmNIi_jcb7VtaqC81T0f9Vj3ci1.SA8esYvs1kVzqk3y46073sXSVhVSIFn_GBebJNLQRGDNy.O54QXzUSJmFNavfF_B4ZWSPhbxc80smxsIviOIABHEiaZ7McNt19oN552WoBR3KyNftWlGXtT6.Mv_eIwnWKxZEQZBYFhA2Sr3kCd7cjemptfJFX8aDknJ7RPtUu.LmvxGyOeGOuq6DV7f0U9eHc1XmPNci9lNSyxAHVpAMG9dygA5_vCWol3fs9GmdGFiA1lugDk1hHi1z9cxRgB3uAYs8qsP4I5kwOnlKwkLm5L0uuq0suZxcUaNcApswKItK.ocAzQl7WUCVKBm2K5IfKtxZh3ZO",mdrd: "EJx4Hw7.Jz_20QZmnwVhtJ7WtjsT0skk1_JALydjgmQ-1743521974-1.2.1.1-2AxOU1bGEr4jzVIaX_u6ppe7fsebPl2EBiB0RCGIvxBX4.tMB6fapGZ04DkW5tSBKj4jPi7S0NpkrETomRQZeEL_G1qoCho_GE44aySJR_d4mhzE6Dd.vjcCs9XXZmnSeRtjm_ZDCQtavfop839M9hH0UOiESmYNdlTE0wgns3aJd8C7tFdnZ5J4dE3h2KfdtZUeZHzwq_mYk0PuLkVztz7ePz1f2NnfTYpnFngwDCdzfae7FzkMGk8nB73zqmcbpoRrCXsAc.vbVPPUr9yIz4hCPYO0iP8IykSP8B3FaCrJka.vANSw18CGwdi7QwnulHwjHQO03ssEGZZKEOoyk.unXbfkKQK9up1xiMkbPjAISXgVA74cFRKSEOdT8OARDUM9KNnso8QuQ2FOF16aytHbTSfZsUzHSRsn3w13xqYbg4lFzDB8P8vKGE1bZpanO3HBOgih91GfXFO.reZq.LyF0hWSftsvqIPbH2GQKAgvEOz7RG0zUJQ8OigeTb4F8LG8Wj1Ir656dHDx12o9kLc65ROGEbhksNmylfP5Y5ofzoHmofo.kqx_7MDe4wEHEWbJrT_.qE4drK9nOQ.MIsLq5.AtcTNzTZm_rM0k85SWzL1ZVmhud3AuZRpZWLcPgkt7HH8qO8yb7sxLsXna.YjaIt6yCkC_yLiRSn7W9qBwHBb7wctXEGu5pVG1HDUrJLTWXpxN.XTiIOlfRqTefRbk5QR.bb0aHTZKTJTLhDCyIWcHtQMePVqY2BkrWdIml9nsCr70TFRFY_AcAhVZPnUs7NlHtN.dPrBaCWG1.LZfkc9l5pvUVgDYNt.jy_qILUKFsggG1vNy9VRbVgp8HWB7cb2r1.aDVeNog62lsFrrFlzRMMo3vCv_DQnqDspPYgd4jELlIX_TBuc5h7qu0KzsyROaWblJfB5kI75zH6pDEXKL6MLs9WW.E6srmWewE5C9xSDcRVJUV28O9Z4Jmxni1hty7bWqlF.oNSrT6N7rdzILi_DzH7ISq1_TzM38hFc37oVfcwvT2cT1leYOyNpGxEazjIM8UpX1eOIWcLNEPjXO9dCsdeQ0QkjbA_5mmyrQlMAL1zvaqqN_MpXE3ld2V8HgeIkxiN3yJSY1Jxs_p8WesXVYqza8pjVeW3pC6K4cVymJNzNfCJcxS.wgyC0fu4DSeDJvZUcB1_yVQdKwKXQCjr_qPtir3VbxlPeADiIEuRXQA7zhxpN4a5.vjE_yP9JYqIP5kvGyVabj0wlCgby_P4xRRgeyywoiL5ZLJaZd3ty4CzAQzeF2svgDc_0DR6CoV6Eh_zc6XoTHRYYmQMfL_RG8.FXxzFdxIaHwHGtM05ZrnSOlfz0oVPPusVUccRUPdh1PDes9FuqMcEjR92MIjJEV88GBCVoIF1W0xETGNBITobLgintxZZGo3XS00ePQRRYQhKTIuNyn1PHM537msy30B9qRdJAnxeEhJ5OZHUiDXsYpC2UCqTINB4o6uLkcS1Ri_5gqk4V9A30G.s11fzS_hY6NI2R9pTN9MzN2xLGb0wniGtU.YmPVzrnQI7S3OA3HVUPdnIprRa76jvG7DvJcZ7PJgBXiYkKOCWX6wXYwj6e.xPaTOA4BFnAmlMc3_BCkKhYYldbi3rSh.3RM2k.mVrO9.zGzsB4cYKzz5Ot9sGRI45RlX87LF2QdeqvpJT3.MIE7biKzZuzaeLfpWpG7S7w70KOp9fTBBI4yi464aP7eq_lS4kxQgjZL7sSDf70le4wbjxZCBRSSYdVI7YI9Snhr3XAcjOj_nU9LbcMoe10D.99DRk7rMB4qF37CxZTNhFdxAeQp768N1wmExZk4DrpxsHyvErOiewymMT4Vmz_q3fFwB0v0B56edW2EPrzYOaV9SyEmNmg8Mrk6zQa4Scs.bNN2uUft34zzJiIKWZGTyzTWd3UNieg55D4HymVNpMlkQ6ZVzZP0yMM3RfNI7PHMO0npv6s4Ukj9fB9fP1iNfb4UyWk5Zz_2TPeBpuJAFUGb_xqboLWtBX7OrDJLrZPUSXI4g0F9IGk4xvq2qDWgbp.ULIrBIA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92992e170cda5fb3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/jbi\/article\/2\/3\/232\/5828752?__cf_chl_rt_tk=kffVgyO1vLtEJbtYBX8q4gfA75TvX8WZ8aNmOWhZA3Y-1743521974-1.0.1.1-O1zeFI12x8J0UBzeEFEIGhqSml15XvJfEqjQ7nZANvc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>