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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Miles_Graye_I_(c1575-1649)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miles_Graye_I_(c1575-1649)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Miles Graye I (c1575-1649)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miles_Graye_I_(c1575-1649)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miles_Graye_II_(c1599-1666)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miles_Graye_II_(c1599-1666)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Miles Graye II (c1599-1666)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miles_Graye_II_(c1599-1666)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miles_Graye_III_(1628-1686)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miles_Graye_III_(1628-1686)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Miles Graye III (1628-1686)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miles_Graye_III_(1628-1686)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_bells_cast_by_Miles_Graye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_bells_cast_by_Miles_Graye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable bells cast by Miles Graye</span> </div> </a> <ul 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/John_Speed_Colchester_1610.jpg/450px-John_Speed_Colchester_1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/John_Speed_Colchester_1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a>'s map of <a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a> from 1610 Head Gate is shown in the lower left corner, and Miles Graye's bell-foundry was in Head Street nearby</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Miles Graye</b> was a dynasty of English bell-founders; who had foundries in <a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden" title="Saffron Walden">Saffron Walden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, during the 17th-century. It is believed that the family cast over 415 bells, many of which remain today.<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were three generations of bell founders of that name, who cast in their two foundries. They were also journeymen craftsmen who travelled East Anglia making bells in the fields and churchyards, and who practised their craft from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to James II. A Miles Graye is recorded as being a householder in Colchester in 1567, and it was his son who became the famous bell-founder, Miles Graye I.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miles_Graye_I_(c1575-1649)"><span id="Miles_Graye_I_.28c1575-1649.29"></span>Miles Graye I (c1575-1649)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Graye&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Miles Graye I (c1575-1649)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miles Graye I has been described as 'the prince of bell-founders', and began his career as an apprentice at a foundry in Colchester, which belonged to a Richard Bowler. The exact date of his birth is not known, but it was probably in about 1575.<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first recorded bell was cast for St Andrew's church in <a href="/wiki/Bulmer,_Essex" title="Bulmer, Essex">Bulmer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> in 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-Freda_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first reference to him as a bell-founder in <i>The Church Bells of Essex</i> is 'by no means creditable to him'. In 1598, Miles was examined by the bailiffs at the Colchester Quarter Sessions and made a voluntary confession accepting that "he is the father of the child with which Alice Mullynges is pregnant", he presumably having met the young woman at the house of Richard Bowler, and who may well have been a domestic servant there.<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Miles did the decent thing and shortly after he married her. His will states that Miles Graye I had four children living at the time of his death: Miles II, James, Ann and Mary. His wife Alice must have died some time previously as he leaves most of his property to 'Dorothy my loving wife'. His will was first written in 1643 and in it he described himself as 'being weak in body and crazed with age, but yet in perfect mind and memory'. His foundry was at Head Street in Colchester. He died in 1649 and it is possible that he endured some financial difficulty in his last year arising from the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Colchester" title="Siege of Colchester">Siege of Colchester</a> of 1648 during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a> when his will of 1649 records that some of his property including his bell-foundry in Head Street<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was destroyed by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miles_Graye_II_(c1599-1666)"><span id="Miles_Graye_II_.28c1599-1666.29"></span>Miles Graye II (c1599-1666)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Graye&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Miles Graye II (c1599-1666)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miles Graye II married Jane Banishe of Stratford in 1622,<sup id="cite_ref-Graye_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graye-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden" title="Saffron Walden">Saffron Walden</a> parish registers record the baptismal entries of several children of "Miles Gray and of Jane his wife", namely Jacob, 26 November 1630; Jane, 17 January 1632 ; Jane, 19 June 1633 ; Marie, 5 August 1638 ; and Robert, 19 February 1639. The burials of two daughters are also recorded — Jane, 19 February 1631, and Mary, 12 August 1643.<sup id="cite_ref-Graye_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graye-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miles Graye II and his family lived at Saffron Walden for much of the period between 1630 and 1643 when his father Miles Graye I was employing him between the years 1629-1642 as his agent in the counties of Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graye_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graye-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is recorded that Miles Graye II had a foundry in Saffron Walden<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there are records of bells being carried there by cart from <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Katharine,_Ickleford" title="Church of St Katharine, Ickleford">St Katherine's church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ickleford" title="Ickleford">Ickleford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> in 1637: </p> <blockquote> <p>First payd to Gray of Saffron Walden, bellfounder, for running and casting fower of the Bells belonging to the Church of Ickleford aforesayd, 13 <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">li.</a> <br /> </p><p>Item payd to James Jackson for carriage of some of the sayd bells by cart to Saffron Walden and for recarriage of them, 20s. Item for carriage of the other of the sayd bells theither and for recarriage of them by this accomptant's owne carte and horses, 20s. </p><p><br /> Item to — Gray for mending a bell clapper, 3s. <br /> </p><p>Item to a messenger to go to Saffron Walden. 2s 6d.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The foundry was obviously not far from the church as the cost of carrying bells to and from Saffron Walden Church is very low. No bells are recorded as having been cast by Miles Graye II after 1642 and he appears to have left the business at that time, possibly due to the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a>, although some have argued that he may have had a disagreement with Miles Graye I, possibly over his father's new wife, as he and his sisters received only a <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a> each in their father's will.<sup id="cite_ref-Karen_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that Miles II died in 1666.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miles_Graye_III_(1628-1686)"><span id="Miles_Graye_III_.281628-1686.29"></span>Miles Graye III (1628-1686)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Graye&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Miles Graye III (1628-1686)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third bell-founding Miles Graye, the son of Miles II and Jane, was born at Colchester in 1628 and it was he who carried on the bell-founding business after the death of his grandfather Miles Graye I in 1649. He worked mainly in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Huntingdonshire and continued to cast bells until his death in 1686.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miles II and Jane also had a son Christopher Graye, born in 1626 and who also became a bell-founder, but he did not work in Colchester or cast any Essex bells. Ann, daughter of Miles Graye I also married a bell-founder, John Darbie, who is known to have cast 161 bells in Suffolk.<sup id="cite_ref-Saff_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_bells_cast_by_Miles_Graye">Notable bells cast by Miles Graye</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Graye&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable bells cast by Miles Graye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg/220px-Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg/330px-Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg/440px-Miles_Graye_Weald_and_Downland_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A late 16th-century bell by Miles Graye - formerly at St Mary's church in <a href="/wiki/Stoughton,_West_Sussex" title="Stoughton, West Sussex">Stoughton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> but now at the <a href="/wiki/Weald_and_Downland_Living_Museum" title="Weald and Downland Living Museum">Weald and Downland Living Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to augmentations and recastings only three complete rings of Miles Graye bells remain they are; the ring of five bells at St Mary Virgin <a href="/wiki/Great_Leighs" title="Great Leighs">Great Leighs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> cast in 1634 by Miles I Graye,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ring of three bells at <a href="/wiki/Hauxton" title="Hauxton">Hauxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> cast in 1666 by Miles III Graye,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ring of four bells at <a href="/wiki/West_Hanningfield" title="West Hanningfield">West Hanningfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> cat in 1676 by Miles III Graye.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However a number of rings exist where Miles Graye cast the majority of the bells including <a href="/wiki/Bramford" title="Bramford">Bramford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a> St Margaret,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Broxted" title="Broxted">Broxted</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Acton,_Suffolk" title="Acton, Suffolk">Acton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bassingbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassingbourne">Bassingbourne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swaffham" title="Swaffham">Swaffham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Little_Horkesley" title="Little Horkesley">Little Horkesley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gestingthorpe" title="Gestingthorpe">Gestingthorpe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Bells larger than 42'' in diameter cast by the Miles Graye family </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Tower</b> </td> <td><b>No. of bell</b> </td> <td><b>Weight</b> </td> <td><b>Diameter</b> </td> <td><b>Cast</b> </td> <td><b>Founder</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lavenham, Suffolk, S Peter & S Paul </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>21-0-7 (1070 kg) in D♭ </td> <td>52.00" </td> <td>1625 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hadleigh, Suffolk, S Mary </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>22-1-17 (1138 kg) in D </td> <td>52.00" </td> <td>1680 </td> <td>Miles III Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stowmarket, Suffolk, S Peter & S Mary </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>20-0-27 (1028 kg) in D </td> <td>51.50" </td> <td>1622 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ipswich, Suffolk, S Mary le Tower </td> <td>Sanctus </td> <td>21-1-15 (1086 kg) in E♭ </td> <td>51.50" </td> <td>1610 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sible Hedingham, Essex, S Peter </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>18¼ cwt (~930 kg) in E </td> <td>48.00" </td> <td>1616 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire, S Mary V </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>16-0-14 (819 kg) in E♭ </td> <td>47.00" </td> <td>1653 </td> <td>Miles III Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swaffham, Norfolk, S Peter & S Paul </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>15-2-23 (798 kg) in E </td> <td>46.50" </td> <td>1634 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Braughing, Hertfordshire, S Mary V </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>19 cwt (~970 kg) in E </td> <td>46.50" </td> <td>1631 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feering, Essex, All Saints </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>18 cwt (~910 kg) in F </td> <td>46.00" </td> <td>1624 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Felsham, Suffolk, S Peter </td> <td>6 of 6 </td> <td>15½ cwt (~790 kg) in F </td> <td>45.00" </td> <td>1639 </td> <td>Miles II Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Little Bentley, Essex, S Mary </td> <td>5 of 5 </td> <td>15¼ cwt (~770 kg) in F </td> <td>44.38" </td> <td>1626 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelvedon, Essex, S Mary V </td> <td>7 of 8 </td> <td>14-1-3 (725 kg) in F </td> <td>44.25" </td> <td>1615 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monks Eleigh, Suffolk, S Peter </td> <td>6 of 6 </td> <td>18 cwt (~910 kg) in E </td> <td>43.94" </td> <td>1638 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ipswich, Suffolk, S Margaret </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>14-0-11 (716 kg) in F </td> <td>43.56" </td> <td>1630 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Great Bardfield, Essex, S Mary V </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>15 cwt (~760 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>43.50" </td> <td>1602 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Layer de la Haye, Essex, S John Bapt </td> <td>6 of 6 </td> <td>10-3-22 (556 kg) in F </td> <td>43.38" </td> <td>1622 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudbury, Suffolk, S Peter </td> <td>9 of 10 </td> <td>14-1-25 (735 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>43.25" </td> <td>1641 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Great Hormead, Hertfordshire, S Nicholas </td> <td>6 of 6 </td> <td>12 cwt (~610 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>43.00" </td> <td>1623 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire, S Peter & S Paul </td> <td>6 of 6 </td> <td>12-0-9 (614 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>42.75" </td> <td>1650 </td> <td>Miles III Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Helions Bumpstead, Essex, S Andrew </td> <td>8 of 8 </td> <td>12-2-9 (639 kg) in F </td> <td>42.63" </td> <td>1641 </td> <td>Miles II Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Braughing, Hertfordshire, S Mary V </td> <td>7 of 8 </td> <td>12¾ cwt (~650 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>42.50" </td> <td>1653 </td> <td>Miles III Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swaffham, Norfolk, S Peter & S Paul </td> <td>7 of 8 </td> <td>12-0-10 (614 kg) in F♯ </td> <td>42.25" </td> <td>1634 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feering, Essex, All Saints </td> <td>7 of 8 </td> <td>12½ cwt (~640 kg) in G </td> <td>42.00" </td> <td>1624 </td> <td>Miles I Graye </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Graye&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Karen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karen_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=75iIAwAAQBAJ&dq=miles+graye&pg=PT172">Karen Bowman, <i>Essex Boys</i>, Amberley Publishing (2013)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saff-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saff_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saffronwaldenhistoricalsociety.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/miles-graye-made-me.pdf">Joy Pugh, 'Miles Graye Made Me…', <i>Saffron Walden Historical Journal</i>, No 6 Autumn 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freda-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freda_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freda Nicholls, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caguk.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Bulletin-411.pdf">'Four Colchester Bell Founders' - Colchester Archaeological Group, Annual Bulletin Vol. 41 2000-2001</a>, pgs. 41-42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graye-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graye_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graye_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graye_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.essex.ac.uk/reports/EAS-report-0063.pdf">Miles Graye of Colchester - Colchester Archaeological Trust</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Home Counties' Magazine</i> (vol. iv. (1902), pp. 98-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Montagu Benton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.essex.ac.uk/reports/EAS-report-0063.pdf"><i>Miles Graye of Colchester</i> (1925) Archaeological Notes</a> - The Colchester Archaeological Trust, pp. 69-71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?tower=12169">"Tower details"</a>. <i>dove.cccbr.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bells" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bells" title="Template:Bells"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bells" title="Template talk:Bells"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bells" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bells"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bells" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bells</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background and <br />terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-cot" title="Bell-cot">Bell-cot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellfounding" title="Bellfounding">Bellfounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-gable" title="Bell-gable">Bell-gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">Bell pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">Bell tower / Campanile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-ringer" title="Bell-ringer">Bell-ringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfry_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfry (architecture)">Belfry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">Bourdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanology" title="Campanology">Campanology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Index_of_campanology_articles" title="Index of campanology articles">index</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peal" title="Peal">Peal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_bells" title="Ring of bells">Ring of bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_tone" title="Strike tone">Strike tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">Striking clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvonnitsa" title="Zvonnitsa">Zvonnitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">Agogô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluphone" title="Aluphone">Aluphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babendil" title="Babendil">Babendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tree" title="Bell tree">Bell tree</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bianzhong" title="Bianzhong">Bianzhong</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_bell" title="Bicycle bell">Bicycle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bonsh%C5%8D" title="Bonshō">Bonshō</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_bell" title="Call bell">Call bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_bell" title="Cat bell">Cat bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">Church bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotal_bell" title="Crotal bell">Crotal bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_bell" title="Dead bell">Dead bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorbell" title="Doorbell">Doorbell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">Dōtaku</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_bell" title="Jingle bell">Jingle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kane_(instrument)" title="Kane (instrument)">Kane</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-ring" title="Mini-ring">Mini-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_bell" title="Ship's bell">Ship's bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_bell" title="Servant bell">Servant bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_bell" title="Standing bell">Standing bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintinnabulum" title="Tintinnabulum">Tintinnabulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ringing styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chiming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Canpan%C3%B2" title="Canpanò">Canpanò</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellacombe_apparatus" title="Ellacombe apparatus">Ellacombe apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian Orthodox bell ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blagovest" title="Blagovest">Blagovest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_circle_ringing" title="Full circle ringing">Full circle ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Change_ringing" title="Change ringing">Change ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_changes" title="Call changes">Call changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_ringing" title="Method ringing">Method ringing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_bell_ringing" title="Bolognese bell ringing">Bolognese bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronese_bell_ringing" title="Veronese bell ringing">Veronese bell ringing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable bells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heaviest_bells" title="List of heaviest bells">List of heaviest bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangiga_bells" title="Balangiga bells">Balangiga bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_Good_Luck" title="Bell of Good Luck">Bell of Good Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_King_Seongdeok" title="Bell of King Seongdeok">Bell of King Seongdeok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell" title="Freedom Bell">Freedom Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bell_of_Dhammazedi" title="Great Bell of Dhammazedi">Great Bell of Dhammazedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tom_(bell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tom (bell)">Great Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Great_Bell_Tower" title="Ivan the Great Bell Tower">Ivan the Great Bell Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Bell_(Valley_Forge)" title="Justice Bell (Valley Forge)">Justice Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gloriosa" title="Maria Gloriosa">Maria Gloriosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingun_Bell" title="Mingun Bell">Mingun Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris">Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Bell" title="Olympic Bell">Olympic Bell</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Petersglocke" title="Petersglocke">Petersglocke</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund Bell">Sigismund Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bells" title="Swan Bells">Swan Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Bell_(Boston)" title="Temple Bell (Boston)"><i>Temple Bell</i> (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bell" title="Tsar Bell">Tsar Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_Association" title="World Peace Bell Association">World Peace Bells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_(Newport,_Kentucky)" title="World Peace Bell (Newport, Kentucky)">Kentucky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Yongle Big Bell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bell founders <br />and foundries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergholtz_Bellfoundry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergholtz Bellfoundry (page does not exist)">Bergholtz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergholtz_klockgjuteri" class="extiw" title="sv:Bergholtz klockgjuteri">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbie_family" title="Bilbie family">Bilbie family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Chokhov" title="Andrey Chokhov">Andrey Chokhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cockey#Origins_of_the_family" title="Edward Cockey">Cockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Eijsbouts_bell_foundry" title="Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry">Royal Eijsbouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashpir_Ganusov" title="Kashpir Ganusov">Kashpir Ganusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Gheyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanden Gheyn">Vanden Gheyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillett_%26_Johnston" title="Gillett & Johnston">Gillett & Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassmayr_Bell_Foundry" title="Grassmayr Bell Foundry">Grassmayr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Graye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatch_bell_foundry" title="Hatch bell foundry">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_and_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hemony" title="Pieter and François Hemony">Pieter and François Hemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hodson_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Hodson (bell-founder)">Christopher Hodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Illenfeld" title="Franciscus Illenfeld">Franciscus Illenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juutila_Foundry" title="Juutila Foundry">Juutila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Fonderia_Marinelli" title="Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli">Marinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McShane_Bell_Foundry" title="McShane Bell Foundry">McShane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneely_Bell_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Meneely Bell Foundry">Meneely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murphy_(bellfounder)" title="John Murphy (bellfounder)">John Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsen_Nauen_Bell_Foundry" title="Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry">Olsen Nauen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glockengie%C3%9Ferei_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glockengießerei Otto (page does not exist)">Glockengießerei Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonderie_Paccard" title="Fonderie Paccard">Paccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_%26_Fritsen" title="Petit & Fritsen">Petit & Fritsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Phelps_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Phelps (bell-founder)">Richard Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudhall_of_Gloucester" title="Rudhall of Gloucester">Rudhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_and_William_Rufford" title="John and William Rufford">John and William Rufford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarlouiser_Glockengie%C3%9Ferei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarlouiser Glockengießerei (page does not exist)">Saarlouiser Glockengießerei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schilling_(bellfounder_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schilling (bellfounder family) (page does not exist)">Schilling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilling_(Glockengie%C3%9Ferfamilie)" class="extiw" title="de:Schilling (Glockengießerfamilie)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_%26_Co" title="John Taylor & Co">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watts_(bellfounder)" title="Hugh Watts (bellfounder)">Hugh Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner_%26_Sons" title="John Warner & Sons">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_van_Wou" title="Geert van Wou">Geert van Wou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dove%27s_Guide_for_Church_Bell_Ringers" title="Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers">Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenmuseum_Stiftskirche_Herrenberg" title="Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg">Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Memorial_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Memorial Museum">Liberty Bell Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Museum">Liberty Bell Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bell_Festival" title="National Bell Festival">National Bell Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bell_ringing_organizations" title="List of bell ringing organizations">Ringing organizations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell,_American_Legion" title="Freedom Bell, American Legion">Freedom Bell, American Legion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Bells" title="All the Bells">All the Bells</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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