ADW: Portia fimbriata: INFORMATION

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>ADW: Portia fimbriata: INFORMATION</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/compat.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://animaldiversity.org/favicon.ico" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic:400,400italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.print.css" media="print" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/" /> <meta content="Portia fimbriata" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="Animal Diversity Web" property="og:site_name" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AnimalDiversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Portia fimbriata" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Read about Portia fimbriata on the Animal Diversity Web." /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/Hyphenator.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/social-likes/social-likes_birman.css" /> <style> .social-likes { margin: 0; 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They are about 1 cm long, and have cryptic markings, tufts of hair and long spindly legs. Because of their unusual appearance, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are often mistaken for detritus by both prey and potential predators. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#d116e6d75283eb93bce7499a43594475" class="citation">Jackson, 1992</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Other Physical Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916131519">ectothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916125902">heterothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145642">bilateral symmetry</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145397">venomous</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="reproduction">Reproduction</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are able to mate either on or off of the web. Male and female both participate in a courtship dance. This dance consists of a series of jerky walking, leg shaking and tapping behaviors. The male mounts the female, the female spins around on the male, and they copulate. Mating can also take place while both male and female are suspended in mid-air from a silk guyline. Interestingly, in other species of the genus <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Portia/">Portia</a>, when the female spins around on the male while suspended in air, she eats the male after copulation. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> does not display this cannibalistic behavior.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Fertilization is delayed. About an hour after copulation, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> males deposit a drop of sperm on the web. The female moves over the sperm deposit, and facilitates fertilization. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#6a7bf9f60d32aeab6bfbf84319ed960c" class="citation">Jackson and Hallas, 1986</a>; <a href="#d116e6d75283eb93bce7499a43594475" class="citation">Jackson, 1992</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Reproductive Features</li> <li> <span>gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145786">sexual</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145572">oviparous</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="behavior">Behavior</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are largely solitary.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> use their unusual appearance that is similar to detritus to evade other predators, and to help them approach prey. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#d116e6d75283eb93bce7499a43594475" class="citation">Jackson, 1992</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Behaviors</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145634">arboreal</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020914193813">saltatorial</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145472">motile</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145585">sedentary</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145381">solitary</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="food_habits">Food Habits</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are primarily araneophagic, meaning they eat other spiders, including other salticids. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> also eat insects and the eggs of other spiders.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are predatory, and they use several methods of predation. One is aggressive vibratory mimicry, in which <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> climb on to the web of their victim and use their legs and palps to pluck signals on the web. They imitate the signals of their intended victim's prey. When the victim comes close to <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span>, they make their attack.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are specialists at catching cursorial <a class="taxon-link" href="/accounts/Salticidae/">jumping spiders</a>. Most cursorial jumping spiders don't build typical webs, but they make small orb-like nests out of silk. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> make vibratory signals on the silk of the nest. When the salticid pokes its head out to investigate, they attack. This is called nest probing.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Another type of predation used by <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> is cryptic stalking. In this method, the hunter moves very slowly. If the prey spider turns to face it, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> pulls its palps back and out of the prey's view and freezes. In this position <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> resembles a piece of detritus. Eventually it approaches the prey from behind, and swoops in for the kill.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Other jumping spiders of the genus <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Portia/">Portia</a> exhibit aggressive mimicry, nest probing, or cryptic stalking. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> is the only species that exhibits all three behaviors. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> also displays species-specific predation tactics. The jumping spider <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Euryattus/">Euryattus</a> (species unknown), is sympatric with <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> in the rainforests of Queensland, Australia, but is not known to exist with any other <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> population. <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Euryattus/">Euryattus</a> females do not build a nest, but suspend a rolled-up leaf by silk guylines from a rock ledge or tree trunk. Male <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Euryattus/">Euryattus</a> go down guylines onto the leaves and court by flexing legs and making the leaf rock back and forth. The female comes out of the nest to either mate or drive the male away. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> mimics the behavior of the male, and when the female comes out of the nest, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> attacks. Populations of <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> that do not live with <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Euryattus/">Euryattus</a> in nature have been brought into captivity, and do not drop down from guylines to attack <a class="taxon-link rank-genus" href="/accounts/Euryattus/">Euryattus</a> in this way.</p> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Unlike other salticids, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> are web building spiders. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> use their webs not only as nests, but as a mode of predation. They build their webs near, and fastened to, the webs of another species, creating a single compound structure. It then is easy for an individual <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> to invade the neighboring web. The web of <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> is not sticky, but sometimes does catch insects. In this situation, <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> usually do not eat the insect, but instead waits for spiders from the neighboring web to approach, and eats them instead. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#23f6f631bb5cd9e0b2a1b12048a72689" class="citation">Jackson and Wilcox, 1998</a>; <a href="#36028198efc9c9a33e159f92e9b432fc" class="citation">Jackson, 1985</a>; <a href="#d116e6d75283eb93bce7499a43594475" class="citation">Jackson, 1992</a>; <a href="#29fa6146dd0516f2c263a9ddb4ce98c1" class="citation">Li and Jackson, 1997</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Primary Diet</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145419">carnivore</a> <ul> <li> <span>eats non-insect arthropods</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Animal Foods</li> <li> <span>eggs</span> </li> <li> <span>insects</span> </li> <li> <span>terrestrial non-insect arthropods</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_negative">Economic Importance for Humans: Negative</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">There are no known adverse effects of <span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Portia fimbriata</span> on humans.</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="conservation_status">Conservation Status</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">This species has not been recognized as needing special conservation efforts.</p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Not Evaluated</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/">US Federal List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php">CITES</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="comments">Other Comments</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span>, like other salticids, has vision that is superior to that of most other spiders. <span class="taxon-link rank-species">P. fimbriata</span> has six small lateral eyes that detect movement in a field of view that is as large as 360掳. The two principal eyes are located on the front of the head and provide acute vision. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#23f6f631bb5cd9e0b2a1b12048a72689" class="citation">Jackson and Wilcox, 1998</a>; <a href="#36028198efc9c9a33e159f92e9b432fc" class="citation">Jackson, 1985</a>)</span></p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3> <p>Andrea Jackson (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Phil Myers (editor), Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. </p> </section> <section class="offscreen"> <h3 id="glossary">Glossary</h3> <div id="20020916135737"> <dl> <dt>Australian</dt> <dd> <p>Living in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea and associated islands.</p> <p align="center"> <img alt="World Map" src="/images/worldmap.2001.jpg" /> </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145634"> <dl> <dt>arboreal</dt> <dd> <p>Referring to an animal that lives in trees; tree-climbing.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145642"> <dl> <dt>bilateral symmetry</dt> <dd> <p>having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145419"> <dl> <dt>carnivore</dt> <dd> <p>an animal that mainly eats meat</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916131519"> <dl> <dt>ectothermic</dt> <dd> <p>animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916125902"> <dl> <dt>heterothermic</dt> <dd> <p>having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145472"> <dl> <dt>motile</dt> <dd> <p>having the capacity to move from one place to another.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145365"> <dl> <dt>native range</dt> <dd> <p>the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020915001348"> <dl> <dt>oriental</dt> <dd> <p>found in the oriental region of the world. In other words, India and southeast Asia.</p> <p align="center"> <img alt="World Map" src="/images/worldmap.2001.jpg" /> </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145572"> <dl> <dt>oviparous</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145487"> <dl> <dt>rainforest</dt> <dd> <p>rainforests, both temperate and tropical, are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground. Epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant. Precipitation is typically not limiting, but may be somewhat seasonal.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020914193813"> <dl> <dt>saltatorial</dt> <dd> <p>specialized for leaping or bounding locomotion; jumps or hops.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145585"> <dl> <dt>sedentary</dt> <dd> <p>remains in the same area</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145786"> <dl> <dt>sexual</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145381"> <dl> <dt>solitary</dt> <dd> <p>lives alone</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145794"> <dl> <dt>terrestrial</dt> <dd> <p>Living on the ground.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145598"> <dl> <dt>tropical</dt> <dd> <p>the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145397"> <dl> <dt>venomous</dt> <dd> <p>an animal which has an organ capable of injecting a poisonous substance into a wound (for example, scorpions, jellyfish, and rattlesnakes).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="references">References</h3> <p id="36028198efc9c9a33e159f92e9b432fc">Jackson, R. 1985. A web-building jumping spider. (Australian species *Portia fimbriata*). <span style="font-style: italic">Scientific American</span>, 253: 102-110. </p> <p id="d116e6d75283eb93bce7499a43594475">Jackson, R. 1992. Eight-legged Tricksters: spiders that specialize in catching other spiders. <span style="font-style: italic">BioScience</span>, 42: 590-598. </p> <p id="23f6f631bb5cd9e0b2a1b12048a72689">Jackson, R., R. Wilcox. 1998. Spider-eating spiders. <span style="font-style: italic">American Scientist</span>, 86: 350-357. </p> <p id="6a7bf9f60d32aeab6bfbf84319ed960c">Jackson, R., S. Hallas. 1986. Comparative biology of jumping spiders. <span style="font-style: italic">New Zealand Journal of Zoology</span>, 13: 423-489. </p> <p id="29fa6146dd0516f2c263a9ddb4ce98c1">Li, D., R. Jackson. 1997. Influence of diet on survivorship and growth in *Portia fimbriata*, an araneophagic jumping spider (Arnae: Salticidae).. <span style="font-style: italic">Canadian Journal of Zoology</span>, 75: 1652-1658. </p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="span2_5 right sidebar"> <div class="well" id="pocket-guide-link"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/adw-pocket-guide/id916179421?mt=8" target="_blank"><i class="icon-download icon-white" style="vertical-align: bottom"></i> ADW Pocket Guides on the iOS App Store! </a> <p>The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!</p> <p> <a href="/news/5009059054038197651/">Read more...</a> </p> </div> <h2 class="offscreen">Search</h2> <div id="site-search"> <form action="/search" method="GET"> <label for="q" class="offscreen">Enter search text</label> <input value="" id="q" name="q" class="span12" size="15" type="text" placeholder="Search ADW" /> <button class="btn"> <i class="icon-zoom-in"></i> <span 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href="/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/classification/#Portia_fimbriata" id="feature-classification"> Classification </a> </dd> </dl> <div class="classification well"> <h3>Classification</h3> <ul class="unstyled"> <li> <span class="rank">Kingdom</span> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/" class="taxon-name rank-kingdom">Animalia</a> <span class="vernacular-name">animals</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Animalia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="4749">Animalia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Animalia: pictures (22861)" data-delay="250">Animalia: pictures (22861)</a> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Animalia: specimens (7109)" data-delay="250">Animalia: specimens (7109)</a> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Animalia: sounds (722)" data-delay="250">Animalia: sounds (722)</a> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/maps/" class="feature feature-maps" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Animalia: maps (42)" data-delay="250">Animalia: maps (42)</a> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Class</span> <a href="/accounts/Arachnida/" class="taxon-name rank-class">Arachnida</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Arachnida/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Arachnida: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="59">Arachnida: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Arachnida/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Arachnida: pictures (250)" data-delay="250">Arachnida: pictures (250)</a> <a href="/accounts/Arachnida/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Arachnida: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Arachnida: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Order</span> <a href="/accounts/Araneae/" class="taxon-name rank-order">Araneae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <span class="feature-off feature-information"></span> <a href="/accounts/Araneae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Araneae: pictures (221)" data-delay="250">Araneae: pictures (221)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Family</span> <a href="/accounts/Salticidae/" class="taxon-name rank-family">Salticidae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <span class="feature-off feature-information"></span> <a href="/accounts/Salticidae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Salticidae: pictures (21)" data-delay="250">Salticidae: pictures (21)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Portia/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Portia</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <span class="feature-off feature-information"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li class="active"> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Portia fimbriata</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Portia fimbriata: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Portia fimbriata: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" aria-role="contentinfo"> <div class="inner-footer"> <div class="page-citation"> <p class="content">To cite this page: Jackson, A. 2000. "Portia fimbriata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 02, 2025 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Portia_fimbriata/</p> </div> <div class="disclaimer"> <p class="content"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource <strong>written largely by and for college students</strong>. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. </p> </div> <div class="footer-links"> <ul class="unstyled"> <li><a href="https://www.umich.edu/">U-M Gateway</a> | <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/">U-M Museum of Zoology</a></li> <li> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/eeb/">U-M Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</a> </li> <li> 漏 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan </li> <li><a href="/feedback/error_form/">Report Error</a> / <a href="/feedback/comment_form/">Comment</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="thanks-links"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the <a href="https://nsf.gov">National Science Foundation</a> Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. </p> <p> The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. </p> </div> </div> </div> <script></script> </div> <script src="/static/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/pica.information.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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ADW: Portia fimbriata: INFORMATION