CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e696ed9d5fae',cH: 'A5fkjcKUQVjhJQ0xc5Q2kzCQoQZ_BFHinxbfXHvqNUA-1739786115-1.2.1.1-A30.bHQbsdSLB4WQUAr5wv5X1rj0LVmv1x4lwi7nANKfL3Qn3VpJVv7wDHux531u',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=lateral%20torsional%20buckling&__cf_chl_tk=stQAlRYx06JZwK3H9tWBXS_IzCVrcXQXmHJvooejWFw-1739786115-1.0.1.1-sABc8QaYBD0uIHx0rr2bXkoJ15yuw2WTuDOoOhGIB2U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786115',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=lateral%20torsional%20buckling&__cf_chl_f_tk=stQAlRYx06JZwK3H9tWBXS_IzCVrcXQXmHJvooejWFw-1739786115-1.0.1.1-sABc8QaYBD0uIHx0rr2bXkoJ15yuw2WTuDOoOhGIB2U",md: "xv9VhRqGPsvAGfLBZjzpkOUaBPjPtc6NU8x5dTavsTE-1739786115-1.2.1.1-Ln3c5RvT0FUuczwc19IvmyoESbQuiAOReZD7WhEzuIt.PFBiq1bGUXaU8usVoF3cvstgr6RszsucmIFMx6eYgNCdezOg82SxUVNfe5b1L4Z2KPyGkpBBfaYm2lwcLQbu2FqFBAnVFPFjoO35HXeqgJ.XHmEOs3hp4DGobGlZEVK1nHHJyCxGxS.xUcLjtdzbq4QGrcIFT7bB9VriqPJHnacO6hAAbZJUmKfPRXNgqliZaRQ0R664aFnFU7EqWo2sATGUYioM_du81g4LcyNEIGLbpbCIM3F5zGtFLRj3S.Ub2JL0xgX2twhoF6WH7jm6Sxh2e.NtURJmX2eA6d0pQjvgKhMxpOusl.P.aj7JBcVNl5umlyFndmUJ7nYbIpO50YFB85QyUj.w34X5ZgTKNFk5UfEmDdXsv1t3E_AForPJieCUtW0OcmWysXmyLILzWrGpg_p8.GP60xvLn4A8ItNfl5DKn0If3tkziqvNQZ4AXTTYCx8XLvtFTnBilSoweAXMuHe_mnJl6oWTSen2OB.MiJDyS5XaqSZGFXPf4Jk2bc.FJgYlx7YCyO55WtcUBwy7TnwhiAq4AKwhOwDsRfgp7qyIHyHiR7Lc1VlcxMVl6SXK5De298TiU6kgLIZW.Oz7IaFYrzP1M7OpccQVPKZJiWF99MEG.FjQblvPckLLwhP_QPZQi14BWxwD6500r4Z.GePIHav9KHPVX20xra7u0HG.QhxROZ00Eokv6sfCfNfej95PJWJRpc9sOtm7NiZFfXt1YkmQW.LOC7Qnp04rNP66TjdxyUF4s597fTeehbJPQUXmyvaW2.07x_gJM5icmlb8397heLRsA0UKGVhNXrZojoQF_dnwa.xsqjs4T__Hu8lbwDwcZI9BciBETZ0o5oRB_4j3qiPjMjPKyJL6JyVxOVt74DpxeWKOPNwI6ZbhpoKJt3nD5eJ5jvrZbH7JUT.4HMrAT4ue65oiecFTYeBE2bhwLAnhd24Zxbizi7aCirpljuTNYeMZGfx74_fcx8jJw_X6rRmm91HZJGwNTwt2FWFj3CAU3GDR4Z2LSZuG2kxNETBks8f2OSlp8JgkxxyfgEDWC3STw5gwP6LyTj.Lz.z7OkpO1XcRTkKmMru75OTW.1g.vVmlgm_CR.Vc2bouE_450sNIDlANuDZgF0QRrs0IpOAavmMXC9VxxnStLWYrIwphJr89JU.kV1ziXke4k0T_iI3o3S8J_.COCB_d5Jcr.dkMRgC8xeGu_2Vm6TT96LhntZA1CLswoczPx74rk04sUXMDHm2fcclMbAXk0WhVryCeEw_YKO1URHusXAjChmXF78I8iuflGjdlD0BcMKyJV8gSb2rqxNXZEOYTRu76IFY0Hb8BHb7uE0SC2sxsbSpuGgemL8yVQsD7TKW2DROCA6PJo6ABzcMEKG0EWOez9hx0.XltrmOkTUMsws7G8__1ulZadFhudadmRF6QmajNQnojQS9UjY4BbShVWOtGwxI27KdYo4XdSL0xjA_SQWYR._0DbZrpIshaUqZ7UcW1DenRr5l0CBZSL3zO8FfdeSj3vRFFf3z7a6qsgCD8xM20nD.q6q9_AclUZkBPxu6CKsuC9ANUE61N4LjIghmeumDBNU2GRUP4KJQnhoxBfyJP_7OBTb3XAK58IP6wIJpMLmtFEmq2QUlb1iCv2sHnVRoyj0WdlmuUW6ZpWiaI9BOmhVgyPzlGJRlowYIMKr.yZNr9OlGlil1XGrxyn.Hb0FUY3jXSWk_SToJORvTbsDK70DRMmh4QGwSPsj7tF2nRjPvLi8bkQON6Klyu9jIVmjvEOhAzUY_MRWeWkGfvxAZ_gW75nxur0zTMleFMyfD2a5qaXpDEC7DDYTWQ8u1eI0gkBodtNcKNKRop8pkWHmH53YwZBWNd1Y.ovw4piQs6b.KsLEoMMF98.7n8J2XyTIa.NiZLEO4fs37s9E1Q6lWGrNPHp68aEep.8vLzPIUQuvptGmh9GQ",mdrd: "R2AvJbBCygLd_7JLjPpDJvn3q4evlS5e7wsn4XXbxug-1739786115-1.2.1.1-caAWyVGYtoCMaQBztxzSiZRghw.xI3TBhCUVzW3uTdGpRlUP8DaDrRwQT6cpKZJ8jRxAxquBZN_1oZfncBnkzXhGOBm1yHBkvaCEXW_7K9QXH7gLRvRIHJMXZCYTHiEUqBV2.qqWsWxf7.bKROESlv4.u0WLyHSNEHuBu72FlxuCr.neyIvO9n8Az8fzT1MPmiO666P5KdbXc1zxwMq6Zovb7Yxihwv4375V02e5hfkv5VFq_oX1XtLUks5uNHxVw8X2gzQLoJ6bKkxNFPEcM24FPpZLKB3ZOmTS0cp4rZB4EoNGS5omyqL1VTK1.3wErce0IaaASesZ3Fd6d14Jea9cYwA5ni8oMZxTeAsOOl2LJLIbEhrPKzxZuECbpjASZTWD366XtTwQnXrr4Xj8XP48sSlhoJP47ZG1OUaJojFflrJugTVi3MMWSnRus9wrmTXN1..W_3LFvts6yKRlB6ZjVJj0U3Q7UvkwmD8qhYAbGLtEtR_UE9L5SJhSfstqQL5OicmCb0QjkAU33XbAqBp5zOgI.AGSJVSZvt9.z_Dv8xi_MaTTGu0WqT5oJYC8jvIMHiiXSgNItxfHYyD1xL8bGeqhB486_E8AhBT1wXKuXf.063VLQfO6ugAtey1SM86y_ObgKWWsPK0F8FqmahQRWr5CnXErWGijkBmRmi499DluIXsFBKR9C0zytdfY7eai95lzqWsfaQT0se042WH7KCegn.YdR8DNcD223uX6FwGpet95yDjxAX_YlSl6BmxVwQHjHRJBAQx0kRvTFt6VfO8_MoJveDHFh5EGOrNJCZEVC1h_FSAptaI7X9OltC.xTqXd0ofHLC9_HNyAkMhQKY3iwdUrJoQP5.cqpDoibETEZJMavZuHuL93x2OIVbobruxqb2oAFdBySDnJe5m5g5xecmazNzgkKBqSqfR69Jwx7LMU_j.Yu89gtnKwWxAWNURZI.42m1o3sKo1M3RBOdeW3mHeMfZ5CpfX7uP6MlA57dmhde7KjsfxW0pwloTPi.8pRJkUxyU5lr7u7bze1qBeaBRLOOOVg71Z9wkMIn43kp5W7IlOZQxUPcLhcqM_pn8Ring91_ZvOiWpW_gxgFsbkiks1I2loU_OCGb9jYG_uadJPxF1ek8QmFWpKoy2oWji3_iZm1J1Y4SnNw2BFjRmjjF1ne6sYkye0vXT4Mh9wrCGKE7b0gbyfpCUBHNaSuapL.1J0wKjMadrgm2V1.gdjAyij1PwfWBJr7l2_2GihXv5Xz9XP90jcLw7HgU5T._BNtw5UauTnI_s78l.OX2X08uQZdsraUB.Yy1T81ygcRlEi4_MC4wcuQamLy7.JJpj6lRmUlfhFqSM2yPa.8wEKmAog10Zsks1kHXTTJoq0xEtliLSjap.xybSplvwmdowNOWn677JbjNSk9u5SmnWS9ZWYyHwol37gMy9LNibJ2Ca.XnelhO0jjSs6n0xEvlssn0oINiRhDvl.UICYY7zUFoGGSKcxsTVH38aBhKxtden_TlQJ2xlEifEpLp9iACUIizeEAZM95Vj2BSRh1aJhCDmgMWcSaeNYbXyphbx.89qw1jiMLOp8gSRun5Eq3URPNXew_aaFpJ2pwkdJZIfJFeHFvwMMGFy9rIacopI_cI0r3brhq81Yd2k7OYUjwbygJ0IZQjQxqvhxTQMExAqgY13eftDsWKiBdf4Q2Htd_Rfv8Y2eMETOnCwnYhBZnMN2E5RwHzzfB7zA7Yinr9AbCYqg4Ze_VhhCQQV8UzrE33TqqT2qyrn68ypXqyoO4xOaBDCYsEly0b_QVXhDWCIRx_rprvqfxTKeRYskkulVdeotxtdGrF5PT_RFEflf_tLXf4LtQ_YG42t.JAA4IeGqWmo.c555hJXCHGn3Y1qJEIDcXDPOnfZbOT_zTq_kCbXchY254.SdHbG5qS.gomX_xYlDuq_xRmsYZIoPk4XoOZ03GEoYtNrx.Lg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e696ed9d5fae';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=lateral%20torsional%20buckling&__cf_chl_rt_tk=stQAlRYx06JZwK3H9tWBXS_IzCVrcXQXmHJvooejWFw-1739786115-1.0.1.1-sABc8QaYBD0uIHx0rr2bXkoJ15yuw2WTuDOoOhGIB2U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>