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id="mf-section-0"> <p>Le <b>solidarisme</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a> politique défendue par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9put%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Député français">député français</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radicalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radicalisme">radical</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a>, qui développe ce courant de pensée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1896?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1896">1896</a> dans son ouvrage <i>Solidarité</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bourgeois1896_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bourgeois1896-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La philosophie de la solidarité selon Bourgeois peut favoriser la construction « d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République">République</a> de la main tendue contre le poing fermé, de la mutualité règle suprême de la vie commune contre la charité réduite à une pitié agissante ». C'est au nom de la solidarité qu'il défendra le principe de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B4t_sur_les_successions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impôt sur les successions">impôt sur les successions</a>, de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B4t_sur_le_revenu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impôt sur le revenu">impôt sur le revenu</a> et la mise en place d'une retraite pour les travailleurs<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Finalit%C3%A9_de_la_philosophie_solidariste"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Finalité de la philosophie solidariste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_contenu_du_solidarisme"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Le contenu du solidarisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'effet_du_solidarisme"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">L'effet du solidarisme</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_mesures_l%C3%A9gislatives"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les mesures législatives</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_autres_formes_de_solidarisme"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Les autres formes de solidarisme</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_solidarisme_catholique"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Le solidarisme catholique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_solidarisme_d'extr%C3%AAme_droite"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Le solidarisme d'extrême droite</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Critiques_du_solidarisme"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Critiques du solidarisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie_compl%C3%A9mentaire"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie complémentaire</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Finalité_de_la_philosophie_solidariste"><span id="Finalit.C3.A9_de_la_philosophie_solidariste"></span>Finalité de la philosophie solidariste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Finalité de la philosophie solidariste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bourgeoi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Bourgeoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="275"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Bourgeoi.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="275" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Léon Bourgeois, l'un des fondateurs du solidarisme. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le solidarisme va irriguer tout le <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle car il imprègne les réalisations pratiques de la <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">III<sup>e</sup></abbr> République et réapparaît avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programme_du_Conseil_national_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programme du Conseil national de la Résistance">programme du Conseil national de la Résistance</a> à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_la_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libération de la France">Libération</a> même si désormais son substrat politique lié au parti radical s'est effacé. Le système français de redistribution par l'impôt provient du programme solidariste<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, notamment l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B4t_sur_le_revenu_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impôt sur le revenu (France)">impôt sur le revenu</a> (mis en place en 1914 en France) ainsi que la protection sociale, déjà proposés par Léon Bourgeois.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_contenu_du_solidarisme">Le contenu du solidarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le contenu du solidarisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Les bases théoriques de cette nouvelle doctrine politique sont la théorie de la « dette sociale » et du « quasi-contrat »<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.<br> Ainsi, tout être se trouve être redevable vis-à-vis de ceux qui l'ont ouvert à l'existence (parents, professeurs, la société et tous les groupes concernés). Chaque homme doit donc « payer sa dette » et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_(notion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarité (notion)">solidarité</a> devient un droit, elle est aussi un devoir auquel l'État doit obliger légalement chacun à contribuer. Pour ce faire, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a> propose<sup id="cite_ref-Marcard2005_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marcard2005-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> la mise en place d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salaire_minimum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salaire minimum">salaire minimum</a>, d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assurance_sociale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assurance sociale">système d'assurances protecteur</a> (en cas d'accident, de maladie ou de chômage), de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B4t_sur_le_revenu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impôt sur le revenu">impôt sur le revenu</a> (pour participer à l'entretien des services communs), d'un enseignement entièrement gratuit.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="L'effet_du_solidarisme"><span id="L.27effet_du_solidarisme"></span>L'effet du solidarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : L'effet du solidarisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Solidarisme">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_mesures_législatives"><span id="Les_mesures_l.C3.A9gislatives"></span>Les mesures législatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les mesures législatives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les solidaristes comptent parmi les défenseurs de nombreuses propositions de lois, dont certaines furent adoptées<sup id="cite_ref-Marcard2005_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marcard2005-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li>1890 : Suppression du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livret_ouvrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Livret ouvrier">livret ouvrier</a> ;</li> <li>1893 : Loi reconnaissant à « Tout Français ne bénéficiant pas de ressources financières a la possibilité de recevoir gratuitement une assistance médicale chez lui, ou à l’hôpital, si c'est nécessaire » ;</li> <li>1898 : Loi instituant un dédommagement pour les ouvriers victimes d'accident du fait des machines ;</li> <li>1901 : Projet de loi sur le droit à la retraite qui aboutit à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Retraite_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_loi_sur_les_%C2%AB_retraites_ouvri%C3%A8res_et_paysannes_%C2%BB_de_1910" title="Retraite en France">loi de 1910</a> avec d'importantes modifications du fait d'une opposition conjointe des patrons et ouvriers.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Les_autres_formes_de_solidarisme">Les autres formes de solidarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les autres formes de solidarisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_solidarisme_catholique">Le solidarisme catholique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le solidarisme catholique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Hors de France, le solidarisme républicain initié par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a> eut moins de succès. Néanmoins, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, un autre solidarisme apparut à la même époque<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a>, pour les solidaristes, ce sont <span class="citation">« des prescriptions morales, l’amour du prochain, [qui] doivent déterminer les individus à remplir leur devoir social »</span><sup id="cite_ref-vMises_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-vMises-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Représentée notamment par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_de_J%C3%A9sus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnie de Jésus">jésuite</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heinrich_Pesch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heinrich Pesch">Heinrich Pesch</a>, puis par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oswald_von_Nell-Breuning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oswald von Nell-Breuning">Oswald von Nell-Breuning</a>, cette école marqua la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctrine_sociale_de_l%27%C3%89glise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine sociale de l'Église">doctrine sociale de l'Église</a> catholique et posa les bases de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_chr%C3%A9tienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Démocratie chrétienne">démocratie chrétienne</a> en Europe<sup id="cite_ref-Audier20104_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Audier20104-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.<br> Après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">Italie</a> aussi, sous l’influence de l’économiste <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guido_Menegazzi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guido Menegazzi (page inexistante)">Guido Menegazzi</a>, certains s’intéressèrent à nouveau à ce solidarisme, notamment au sein de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_chr%C3%A9tienne_(Italie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Démocratie chrétienne (Italie)">Démocratie chrétienne</a>, où il créa un « mouvement solidariste ». Cependant, en dehors de l'Allemagne et de l'Italie, le solidarisme catholique eut peu d'influence<sup id="cite_ref-Audier20104_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Audier20104-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_solidarisme_d'extrême_droite"><span id="Le_solidarisme_d.27extr.C3.AAme_droite"></span>Le solidarisme d'extrême droite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le solidarisme d'extrême droite" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Comme le note le chercheur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Lebourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Lebourg">Nicolas Lebourg</a>, le solidarisme à l'extrême droite semble davantage relever d'un opportunisme idéologique plutôt que d'un engagement profond<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'extrême droite en tant que forme atténuée<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fascisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fascisme">fascisme</a> reprend ainsi dans les années 1960-1970 en Europe certains aspects de la conception fasciste de la solidarité qu'elle mélange avec des éléments du solidarisme français<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Comme le note le chercheur Steinar Stjernø, la conception de la solidarité telle qu’Hitler l’explicite lors de son discours du congrès du NSDAP de 1936 est basée sur une vision caricaturale de la <i>Gemeinschaft</i> où l’individualisme et la diversité des origines ethniques sont des ennemis de la solidarité communautaire<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Depuis cette perspective, réaliser la solidarité signifie dépasser les conflits qui traversent le peuple en supprimant les désaccords afin de réaliser la <i>volksgemeinschaftlicher Solidarität</i>.</p> <p>Dans les années 1930, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joris Van Severen">Joris Van Severen</a> fonda un parti, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdinaso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a>, dont l’idéologie était dite « national-solidariste ». Il s’agissait d’un parti <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme_flamand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisme flamand">nationaliste flamand</a>, autoritaire et militariste rejetant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marxisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> et le capitalisme international. Il était relativement proche, idéologiquement, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national-socialiste_des_travailleurs_allemands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands">NSDAP</a> ou du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_fasciste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national fasciste">Parti fasciste italien</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En France, c’est à partir de 1967 que se forma un courant dit « solidariste », à l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extr%C3%AAme_droite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extrême droite">extrême droite</a> de l’échiquier politique, bien que ses membres réfutaient ce positionnement et se disaient en dehors du clivage droite-gauche. Ils refusaient le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mat%C3%A9rialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matérialisme">matérialisme</a> et s’opposaient aussi bien au <span class="citation">« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marxisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> totalitaire »</span> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a> qu’au <span class="citation">« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> international »</span> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1975, l’Union solidariste fut notamment créée autour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Stirbois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Pierre Stirbois">Jean-Pierre Stirbois</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Collinot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Collinot">Michel Collinot</a>. Ses militants venaient en partie du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_solidariste_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvement solidariste français">Mouvement solidariste français</a> (MSF) et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_jeune_r%C3%A9volution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvement jeune révolution">Mouvement jeune révolution</a> (MJR), lui aussi « solidariste ». Le discours du parti incluait la défense des travailleurs<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1977, l’Union solidariste rejoignit le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Front_national_(parti_fran%C3%A7ais)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Front national (parti français)">Front national</a> dont Jean-Pierre Stirbois devint secrétaire général en 1981, où il maintint une tendance dite « solidariste ». En dehors du FN, le solidarisme continue d'être représenté par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_action_jeunesse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe action jeunesse">Groupe action jeunesse</a> (GAJ), dont le bulletin, sous la direction de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Gilles_Malliarakis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Gilles Malliarakis">Jean-Gilles Malliarakis</a>, prend en 1977 le titre de <i>Jeune nation solidariste</i> : en 1979, le GAJ est remplacé par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_nationaliste_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvement nationaliste révolutionnaire (France)">Mouvement nationaliste révolutionnaire</a> (MNR), qui continue à se réclamer du solidarisme, et cède ensuite lui-même la place à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Voie_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troisième Voie (France)">Troisième voie</a> qui finit par éclater en 1991. Le solidarisme d'extrême droite fait partie des mouvances rattachées au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme_r%C3%A9volutionnaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisme révolutionnaire">nationalisme révolutionnaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Critiques_du_solidarisme">Critiques du solidarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Critiques du solidarisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Solidarisme">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> <p>Pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>, le solidarisme consiste en l’abolition de la propriété, puisque le propriétaire ne peut faire ce qu’il veut de ses biens ; on lui ôte la disposition de sa chose. Il s’agit d'une doctrine qui <span class="citation">« croit être foncièrement différente du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialisme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialisme d'État">socialisme d'État</a> »</span> alors qu’en réalité, elle possède le même idéal. Il classe ainsi le solidarisme comme un « pseudo-socialisme »<sup id="cite_ref-vMises_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-vMises-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/solidarisme" class="extiw" title="wikt:solidarisme">solidarisme</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bourgeois1896"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Bourgeois1896">Léon Bourgeois, <cite class="italique">Solidarité</cite>, Paris, Colin, <time>1896</time>, 156 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solidarit%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Colin&rft.aulast=Bourgeois&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&rft.date=1896&rft.tpages=156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Sagnes2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Sagnes2007">Jean Sagnes, <cite style="font-style:normal">« La conception solidariste de la société dans les manuels de l’enseignement primaire supérieur sous la Troisième République »</cite>, dans Michèle Verdelhan-Bourgade, Béatrice Bakhouche, Pierre Boutan, Richard Etienne (dir.), <cite class="italique">Les manuels scolaires, miroirs de la nation ?</cite>, Paris, L'Harmattan, <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">233-241</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Les+manuels+scolaires%2C+miroirs+de+la+nation+%3F&rft.atitle=La+conception+solidariste+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+dans+les+manuels+de+l%E2%80%99enseignement+primaire+sup%C3%A9rieur+sous+la+Troisi%C3%A8me+R%C3%A9publique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Sagnes&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=233-241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_don?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économie de don">Économie de don</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdinaso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a> (Belgique)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mutualisme_(%C3%A9conomie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mutualisme (économie)">Mutualisme (économie)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_(notion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarité (notion)">Solidarité (notion)</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Léon Bourgeois : du solidarisme à la Société des Nations</i> par Alexandre Niess, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Va%C3%AFsse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Vaïsse">Maurice Vaïsse</a> (dir.), Éditions Guéniot, 2006.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bourgeois1896-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bourgeois1896_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bourgeois1896">Bourgeois 1896</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Léon Bourgeois : fonder la solidarité</i> de Serge Audier. Ed. Michalon.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pélissier"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pénélope_Pélissier">Pénélope Pélissier, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.herodote.net/L_inventeur_du_solidarisme-synthese-2887.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Léon Bourgeois (1851 - 1925) : L'inventeur du solidarisme.</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Hérodote.net</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-18" data-sort-value="2021-04-18">18 avril 2021</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Marcard2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Françoise_Marcard2005">Françoise Marcard, <cite class="italique">La France entre 1870 et 1918</cite>, A. Colin, <time>2005</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+France+entre+1870+et+1918&rft.pub=A.+Colin&rft.aulast=Marcard&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marcard2005-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marcard2005_6-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marcard2005_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Marcard2005">Marcard 2005</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Audier2010">Audier 2010</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 3.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-vMises-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-vMises_8-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-vMises_8-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="von_Mises1938"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ludwig_von_Mises1938">Ludwig <span class="nom_auteur">von Mises</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Paul Bastier, André Terrasse et François Terrasse), <cite class="italique">Le Socialisme : Étude économique et sociologique</cite>, Paris, Éditions M.-Th. Génin, <time>1938</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1922) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.librairal.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises:Le_Socialisme_-_chapitre_16">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, partie III, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 2 (« Les conceptions pseudo-socialistes »)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Socialisme&rft.atitle=Les+conceptions+pseudo-socialistes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+M.-Th.+G%C3%A9nin&rft.stitle=%C3%89tude+%C3%A9conomique+et+sociologique&rft.aulast=von+Mises&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft.date=1938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Audier20104-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Audier20104_9-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Audier20104_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Audier2010">Audier 2010</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 4. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lebourg2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicolas_Lebourg2010">Nicolas <span class="nom_auteur">Lebourg</span>, <cite class="italique">Le monde vu de la plus extrême droite: du fascisme au nationalisme-révolutionnaire</cite>, Presses universitaires de Perpignan, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Études », <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35412-075-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35412-075-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35412-075-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 103<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+monde+vu+de+la+plus+extr%C3%AAme+droite%3A+du+fascisme+au+nationalisme-r%C3%A9volutionnaire&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Perpignan&rft.aulast=Lebourg&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=103&rft.isbn=978-2-35412-075-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Griffin2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roger_Griffin2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Roger <span class="nom_auteur">Griffin</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Interregnum or endgame? The radical right in the ‘post-fascist’ era</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Political Ideologies</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 5, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2000-06" data-sort-value="2000-06">juin 2000</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">163–178</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1356-9317">1356-9317</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1469-9613">1469-9613</a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713682938">10.1080/713682938</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/713682938">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-05-03" data-sort-value="2024-05-03">3 mai 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interregnum+or+endgame%3F+The+radical+right+in+the+%E2%80%98post-fascist%E2%80%99+era&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Ideologies&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2000-06&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=163%E2%80%93178&rft.issn=1356-9317&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F713682938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paxton2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_O._Paxton2004">Robert O. <span class="nom_auteur">Paxton</span>, <cite class="italique">The anatomy of fascism</cite>, Knopf, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4000-4094-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4000-4094-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4000-4094-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+anatomy+of+fascism&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.aulast=Paxton&rft.aufirst=Robert+O.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-4094-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lebourg2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicolas_Lebourg2010">Nicolas <span class="nom_auteur">Lebourg</span>, <cite class="italique">Le monde vu de la plus extrême droite: du fascisme au nationalisme-révolutionnaire</cite>, Presses universitaires de Perpignan, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Études », <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35412-075-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35412-075-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35412-075-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+monde+vu+de+la+plus+extr%C3%AAme+droite%3A+du+fascisme+au+nationalisme-r%C3%A9volutionnaire&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Perpignan&rft.aulast=Lebourg&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-35412-075-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stjernø2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Steinar_Stjernø2009">Steinar <span class="nom_auteur">Stjernø</span>, <cite class="italique">Solidarity in Europe: the history of an idea</cite>, Cambridge University Press, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-60511-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-60511-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-60511-3</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 281<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solidarity+in+Europe%3A+the+history+of+an+idea&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Stjern%C3%B8&rft.aufirst=Steinar&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=281&rft.isbn=978-0-521-60511-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vick"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_Vick">Alexandre Vick, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.resistances.be/nsolidarisme01.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Au cœur de l'idéologie national-solidariste</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">RésistanceS : web-journal de l'Observatoire belge de l'extrême droite</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-11-11" data-sort-value="2009-11-11">11 novembre 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-25" data-sort-value="2011-12-25">25 décembre 2011</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://identites.nationales.free.fr/Dos/Dossiers/MSF.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le Mouvement Solidariste Français</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Institut d'histoire des identités nationale et régional</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-25" data-sort-value="2011-12-25">25 décembre 2011</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MestreMonnot2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abel_MestreCaroline_Monnot2010">Abel <span class="nom_auteur">Mestre</span> et Caroline <span class="nom_auteur">Monnot</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Marine Le Pen, Hénin-Beaumont : un copycat de Stirbois à Dreux en 1983 ?</cite> », <i>Droite(s) extrême(s), Le Monde</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-03-18" data-sort-value="2010-03-18">18 mars 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2010/03/18/marine-le-pen-henin-beaumont-un-copycat-de-stirbois-a-dreux-en-1983/">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-25" data-sort-value="2011-12-25">25 décembre 2011</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen%2C+H%C3%A9nin-Beaumont+%3A+un+copycat+de+Stirbois+%C3%A0+Dreux+en+1983+%3F&rft.jtitle=Droite%28s%29+extr%C3%AAme%28s%29%2C+Le+Monde&rft.aulast=Mestre&rft.aufirst=Abel&rft.au=Monnot%2C+Caroline&rft.date=2010-03-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solidarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Nicolas Lebourg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tempspresents.com/2013/06/07/nicolas-lebourg-definir-le-nationalisme-revolutionnaire-2/">Qu’est ce que le nationalisme-révolutionnaire ?</a>, Fragments sur les Temps Présents, 2009.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span title="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> : document utilisé comme source pour la rédaction de cet article.</p> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Audier2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Serge_Audier2010">Serge <span class="nom_auteur">Audier</span>, <cite class="italique">La pensée solidariste : Aux sources du modèle social républicain</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Le Lien social », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-11" data-sort-value="2010-11">novembre 2010</time>, 335 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-057095-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-057095-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-057095-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+pens%C3%A9e+solidariste&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.stitle=Aux+sources+du+mod%C3%A8le+social+r%C3%A9publicain&rft.aulast=Audier&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.date=2010-11&rft.tpages=335&rft.isbn=978-2-13-057095-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>.<span class="nowrap" title="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Audier2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Serge_Audier2007">Serge <span class="nom_auteur">Audier</span>, <cite class="italique">Léon Bourgeois : Fonder la solidarité</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Michalon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Michalon">Éditions Michalon</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Le Bien Commun », <time>2007</time>, 126 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%C3%A9on+Bourgeois&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Michalon&rft.stitle=Fonder+la+solidarit%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Audier&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span><span class="nowrap" title="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span></li> <li>Françoise Marcard, <i>La France entre 1870 et 1918</i>, A. Colin 2005. <span title="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie_complémentaire"><span id="Bibliographie_compl.C3.A9mentaire"></span>Bibliographie complémentaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie complémentaire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li>Joseph Drioux, <i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/De_la_solidarit%25C3%25A9_sociale" class="extiw" title="s:De la solidarité sociale">De la solidarité sociale</a></i>, Orléans, Imprimerie orléanaise, 1902, 31 p.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Mièvre2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Mièvre2001">Jacques <span class="nom_auteur">Mièvre</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Le solidarisme de Léon Bourgeois</cite> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cahiers_de_la_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cahiers de la Méditerranée">Cahiers de la Méditerranée</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 63,‎ <time>2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">141-155</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cdlm.revues.org/17">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+solidarisme+de+L%C3%A9on+Bourgeois&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+la+M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&rft.issue=63&rft.aulast=Mi%C3%A8vre&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=141-155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></li> <li>Biographie de René Demogue par Daniel Mainguy, professeur à la faculté de droit de Montpellier <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.daniel-mainguy.fr/page-demogue-5099475.html">[1]</a></li> </ul> <p>Ouvrages d'auteurs solidaristes :</p> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bourgeois1896"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Bourgeois1896"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon <span class="nom_auteur">Bourgeois</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Solidarité</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">A. Colin</a>, <time>1896</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30146250x.public">30146250</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5533901g">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solidarit%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=A.+Colin&rft.aulast=Bourgeois&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span>. <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/bourgeois_leon/solidarite/solidarite.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Aussi consultable</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">UQAC</span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bouglé1907"><span class="ouvrage" id="Célestin_Bouglé1907"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Bougl%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Célestin Bouglé">Célestin <span class="nom_auteur">Bouglé</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Le solidarisme</cite>, Paris, V. Giard & E. Brière, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Les doctrines politiques », <time>1907</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ia700509.us.archive.org/8/items/lesolidarisme00boug/lesolidarisme00boug.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+solidarisme&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=V.+Giard+%26+E.+Bri%C3%A8re&rft.aulast=Bougl%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9lestin&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarisme"></span></span></span></li> <li>René Demogue : Les notions fondamentales de droit privé, Essai critique, pour servir d’introduction à l’étude des obligations</li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSolidarisme%26oldid%3D216705022">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&oldid=216705022</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solidarisme&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="MDCCCC" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1720648972"> <span>Dernière modification le 10 juillet 2024, à 23:02</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarizm" title="Solidarizm – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Solidarizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarisme" title="Solidarisme – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solidarisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarism" title="Solidarism – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solidarism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarismo" title="Solidarismo – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solidarismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarisme" title="Solidarisme – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Solidarisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarismo" title="Solidarismo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solidarismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2597%25B0%25EB%258C%2580%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259D%2598" title="연대주의 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연대주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarisme" title="Solidarisme – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Solidarisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidaryzm" title="Solidaryzm – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Solidaryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarismo" title="Solidarismo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solidarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Солидаризм – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солидаризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Солідаризм – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солідаризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 10 juillet 2024 à 23:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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