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class="mw-page-title-main">Expedition to Canton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Expedition_to_Canton&params=23_6_34.6_N_113_19_58_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°6′34.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°19′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.109611°N 113.33278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.109611; 113.33278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expedition to Canton</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg/300px-British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg/450px-British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg/600px-British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8673" data-file-height="5768" /></a></span><br />British troops awaiting the arrival of Commissioner Keying at the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Factories" title="Thirteen Factories">British Factory</a> in Canton</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>2–3 April 1847</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, China</div><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Expedition_to_Canton&params=23_6_34.6_N_113_19_58_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°6′34.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°19′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.109611°N 113.33278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.109611; 113.33278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> British victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Davis" title="John Francis Davis">John Davis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Charles_D%27Aguilar" class="mw-redirect" title="George Charles D'Aguilar">George D'Aguilar</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Keying_(official)" title="Keying (official)">Keying</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 966 troops<sup id="cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'aguilar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />6 ships</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> No casualties<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> No casualties<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />879 guns captured</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Expedition to Canton</b> was a British <a href="/wiki/Punitive_expedition" title="Punitive expedition">punitive expedition</a> that captured the forts along the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> province, China, on 2–3 April 1847. Beginning at the <a href="/wiki/Humen" title="Humen">Humen</a> Strait (Bogue), the British captured the forts leading up to the city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> (Guangzhou). The operation was in response to British subjects being attacked by the Chinese near Canton. <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Davis" title="John Francis Davis">John Davis</a> demanded redress from Chinese Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Keying_(official)" title="Keying (official)">Keying</a>. </p><p>Unsatisfied with his reply, Davis ordered Major-General <a href="/wiki/George_Charles_D%27Aguilar" class="mw-redirect" title="George Charles D'Aguilar">George D'Aguilar</a>, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, to seize the forts approaching Canton and to prepare for an attack on the city to force reparations on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'aguilar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forts were captured, but Canton was spared after Keying agreed to punish the culprits and to allow entry into the city.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_to_Canton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the afternoon of 1 April 1847, D'Aguilar received communication from Davis with orders to proceed to Canton with force. At midnight, the following forces were embarked:<sup id="cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'aguilar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Vulture_(1843)" title="HMS Vulture (1843)">HMS <i>Vulture</i></a> – 427 troops, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1684%E2%80%931922)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)">18th Royal Irish Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Espiegle_(1844)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Espiegle (1844) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Espiegle</i></a> – 149 troops, 42nd Regiment <a href="/wiki/Madras_Army" title="Madras Army">Madras Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> steamer <i>Pluto</i> – 280 troops, 42nd Regiment</li> <li>Hired armed steamer <i>Corsair</i> – 110 troops, 18th Regiment</li> <li>Hired <a href="/wiki/Lorcha_(boat)" title="Lorcha (boat)">lorcha</a> No. 1 – Armed as a gunboat, detachment of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> with ordnance stores</li> <li>Hired lorcha No. 2 – Detachment of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sappers_and_Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Sappers and Miners">Royal Sappers and Miners</a> with tools, scaling ladders, and other materials</li></ul> <p>British operations began with the capture of the Bogue forts. Listed are the number of ordnance captured at each site:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Anunghoy Island – 208</li> <li>North Wangtong Island – 150</li> <li>South Wangtong Island – 109</li></ul> <p>Further up the Canton River past <a href="/wiki/Pazhou" title="Pazhou">Whampoa Island</a>, the British encountered a staked barrier and captured the following locations: </p> <ul><li>Pachow Fort – 64</li> <li>Wookongtap Fort – 41</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersha_Island" title="Ersha Island">Napier's Island</a> – 49</li> <li>Whampoa Creek – 65</li></ul> <p>In the final phase, the British captured the forts outside the city of Canton: </p> <ul><li>French <a href="/wiki/Folly_fort" title="Folly fort">Folly</a> – 38</li> <li>Dutch Folly – 23</li> <li>Rogue Fort – 26</li> <li>Zigzag Battery – 20</li> <li>Segment Battery – 30</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shameen</a> Battery – 56</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_to_Canton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_River_sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the expedition"><img alt="Map of the expedition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Pearl_River_sketch.jpg/81px-Pearl_River_sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Pearl_River_sketch.jpg/122px-Pearl_River_sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Pearl_River_sketch.jpg/162px-Pearl_River_sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the expedition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="HMS Vulture starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April"><img alt="HMS Vulture starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg/120px-Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg/180px-Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg/240px-Vulture_at_First_Pass_of_Canton_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">HMS <i>Vulture</i> starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April"><img alt="Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg/120px-Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg/180px-Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg/240px-Operations_in_the_Canton_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Staked_Barrier,_Canton_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island"><img alt="Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg/120px-The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg/180px-The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg/240px-The_Staked_Barrier%2C_Canton_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April"><img alt="Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg/120px-Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg/180px-Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg/240px-Wookongtap_%26_Whampoa_Creek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort"><img alt="Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg/120px-French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg/180px-French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg/240px-French_Folly_Fort_Blown_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="807" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_to_Canton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-d'aguilar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d'aguilar_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">D'Aguilar, George Charles (1848). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fRthAAAAcAAJ">Correspondence Relative to the Operations in the Canton River. April, 1847</a></i>. Brighton: Arthur Wallis. pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The London Gazette</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/20748/page/2373">no. 20748 p. 2373</a>. 25 June 1847. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NZSCSG18471016.2.8">War with China</a>". <i>The New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian</i> <b>4</b> (231): 3. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bard, Solomon (2002). <i>Voices from the Past: Hong Kong 1842-1918</i>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 22. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9622095747" title="Special:BookSources/9622095747">9622095747</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D'Aguilar 1848, pp. 23–24</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_to_Canton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Volume 16. Canton. 1847. pp. 182–203, 252–265.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/691042">Colonial News: China</a>". <i>The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser</i> <b>5</b> (312): 4. 26 June 1847. 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