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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Juridisk_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juridisk_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Juridisk status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juridisk_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typer_af_parlamentarisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typer_af_parlamentarisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Typer af parlamentarisme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typer_af_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Typer af parlamentarisme</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typer_af_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positiv_parlamentarisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positiv_parlamentarisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Positiv parlamentarisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positiv_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negativ_parlamentarisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negativ_parlamentarisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Negativ parlamentarisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negativ_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virkninger_af_parlamentarisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virkninger_af_parlamentarisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Virkninger af parlamentarisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virkninger_af_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parlamentarismens_historie_i_Danmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parlamentarismens_historie_i_Danmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parlamentarismens historie i Danmark</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parlamentarismens_historie_i_Danmark-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Parlamentarismens historie i Danmark</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parlamentarismens_historie_i_Danmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hovedlinjer_i_dansk_parlamentarisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hovedlinjer_i_dansk_parlamentarisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hovedlinjer i dansk parlamentarisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hovedlinjer_i_dansk_parlamentarisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parlamentarisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 21 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentarismu" title="Parllamentarismu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentarismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Парламентаризъм – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парламентаризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismus" title="Parlamentarismus – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parlamentarismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismo" title="Parlamentarismo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamentarismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarism" title="Parlamentarism – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parlamentarism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismi" title="Parlamentarismi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parlamentarismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismo" title="Parlamentarismo – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parlamentarismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Պառլամենտարիզմ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պառլամենտարիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismo_negativo" title="Parlamentarismo negativo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamentarismo negativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Парламентаризм – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парламентаризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Парламентаризм – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парламентаризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarisme" title="Parlamentarisme – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Parlamentarisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarisme" title="Parlamentarisme – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parlamentarisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentaryzm" title="Parlamentaryzm – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlamentaryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismo" title="Parlamentarismo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamentarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Парламентаризм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентаризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarizmus" title="Parlamentarizmus – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parlamentarizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarism" title="Parlamentarism – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parlamentarism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Парламентаризм – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламентаризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarizm" title="Parlamentarizm – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parlamentarizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarismo" title="Parlamentarismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Parlamentarismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q230568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parlamentarisme" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Parlamentarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden (ikke skrevet endnu) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Form_of_government_parliamentary.png/600px-Form_of_government_parliamentary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Form_of_government_parliamentary.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption> Konstitutionelle <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">monarkier</a> med parlamentarisme er mærket med <b>rød</b>. Parlamentaristiske republikker, hvor parlamentet er overordnet en statsleder, ofte betegnet <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sident" title="Præsident">præsident</a> er mærket med <b>orange</b>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A6sidentialsystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Præsidentialsystem (ikke skrevet endnu)">Præsidentialsystemer</a> med en statsleder, der står til ansvar overfor parlamentet er mærket med <b>grøn</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Parlamentarisme</b> er en <a href="/wiki/Statsform" class="mw-redirect" title="Statsform">statsform</a>, hvor en <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">regering</a> enten skal have et flertal i <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlamentet</a> bag sig (positiv parlamentarisme), eller ikke må have et flertal imod sig (negativ parlamentarisme). Historisk er parlamentarismen udviklet i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> som en praktisk foranstaltning, der skulle sikre en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folkelig_kontrol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkelig kontrol (ikke skrevet endnu)">folkelig kontrol</a> med regeringen. Parlamentarisme er knyttet til <a href="/wiki/Repr%C3%A6sentativt_demokrati" title="Repræsentativt demokrati">repræsentativt demokrati</a> som styreform i en <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A6nitet" title="Suverænitet">suveræn stat</a>. Der findes eksempler på parlamentarisme i såvel <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republikker</a> som <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">monarkier</a>. (Se kortet til højre) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juridisk_status">Juridisk status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Juridisk status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Juridisk status"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parlamentarisme fungerer i praksis i et <a href="/wiki/Repr%C3%A6sentativt_demokrati" title="Repræsentativt demokrati">repræsentativt demokrati</a> og er den juridiske <a href="/wiki/Legitimitet" title="Legitimitet">legitimitet</a> af folkets kontrol med regeringen. Legitimiteten består i, at folket ved frie, lige og hemmelige valg har valgt de repræsentanter, der kontrollerer regeringen. I et parlamentarisk system har de folkevalgte således en dobbelt funktion: </p> <ul><li>At vedtage love</li> <li>At kontrollere regeringen</li></ul> <p>Proceduren for <a href="/wiki/Lovgivning" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovgivning">lovgivningen</a> er normalt beskrevet i landets <a href="/wiki/Forfatning" title="Forfatning">forfatning</a>. Proceduren for den folkelige kontrol med regeringen kan ligeledes være indskrevet i <a href="/wiki/Forfatning" title="Forfatning">forfatningen</a>, men det er ikke altid tilfældet.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kontrollen kan enten bestå i, at regeringen må træde tilbage, hvis den ikke kan skabe et flertal i parlamentet, eller i, at regeringen i denne situation udskriver valg.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I nogle stater, herunder <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> sker dette formelt ved, at Parlamentet udtrykker sin mistillid til <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">regeringen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typer_af_parlamentarisme">Typer af parlamentarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Typer af parlamentarisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Typer af parlamentarisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der findes to typer af parlamentarisme: </p> <ul><li>Positiv parlamentarisme</li> <li>Negativ parlamentarisme</li></ul> <p>Begge typer kan i praksis fungere i et politisk system med <a href="/wiki/Forholdstalsvalg" class="mw-redirect" title="Forholdstalsvalg">forholdstalsvalg</a> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og i et politisk system med <a href="/wiki/Valgmetode" class="mw-redirect" title="Valgmetode">flertalsvalg i enkeltkredse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positiv_parlamentarisme">Positiv parlamentarisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Positiv parlamentarisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Positiv parlamentarisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Positiv parlamentarisme findes i to udformninger: </p> <ul><li>I den ene variant, der findes i bl.a., <a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kræves <a href="/wiki/Absolut_flertal" title="Absolut flertal">absolut flertal</a> blandt alle medlemmer af parlamentet, før regeringen kan tiltræde.</li> <li>I den anden variant, der findes i bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a> og <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> kræves almindeligt flertal blandt de fremmødte.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negativ_parlamentarisme">Negativ parlamentarisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Negativ parlamentarisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Negativ parlamentarisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negativ parlamentarisme findes ligeledes i to udformninger. </p> <ul><li>I den ene variant, der findes i bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a> og <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, er kravet, at et absolut flertal blandt parlamentets medlemmer ikke stemmer imod regeringens sammensætning.</li> <li>I den anden variant, der findes i bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a> er en afstemning om regeringens autoritet kun nødvendig, hvis der fremsættes et <a href="/wiki/Mistillidsvotum" title="Mistillidsvotum">mistillidsvotum</a>.</li></ul> <p>Den negative parlamentarisme i Sverige betød at <a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Olof Palmes</a> regering kunne fortsætte efter valget den 16. september 1973 hvor højre og venstre blok fik samme antal mandater.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virkninger_af_parlamentarisme">Virkninger af parlamentarisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Virkninger af parlamentarisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Virkninger af parlamentarisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det anføres ofte, at et parlamentaristisk system ikke har fuldstændig magtdeling, da regeringen udgår af parlamentet <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I den præsidentale styreform er den folkevalgte præsident normalt uafhængig af parlamentet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Positiv parlamentarisme har historisk set oftere medført bredere <a href="/wiki/Regeringsgrundlag" title="Regeringsgrundlag">regeringsgrundlag</a> end negativ parlamentarisme, hvor <a href="/wiki/Mindretalsregering" title="Mindretalsregering">mindretalsregeringer</a> med spinkelt flertal oftere forekommer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effekten af parlamentets kontrol med regeringen er næppe knyttet til en af de to grundformer, men afhænger i højere grad af antallet af politiske partier i parlamentet og af <a href="/wiki/Valgmetode" class="mw-redirect" title="Valgmetode">valgmetoden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parlamentarismens_historie_i_Danmark">Parlamentarismens historie i Danmark</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Parlamentarismens historie i Danmark" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Parlamentarismens historie i Danmark"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negativ parlamentarisme blev i praksis styreformen i Danmark ved <a href="/wiki/Systemskiftet_i_1901" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemskiftet i 1901">systemskiftet i 1901</a>. Her accepterede kongen det parlamentariske grundprincip, at en regering ikke må sidde med et flertal imod sig. Det gælder stadig i dag. Bønder fik nu stemmeret og dermed blev en Venstre regering dannet </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hovedlinjer_i_dansk_parlamentarisme">Hovedlinjer i dansk parlamentarisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Hovedlinjer i dansk parlamentarisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hovedlinjer i dansk parlamentarisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1903 – Kvinder får først nu stemmeret til menighedsrådene.</li> <li>1907 – Kvinder får stemmeret til kommunalbestyrelserne.</li> <li>1915 – Kvinder og tyende fik for første gang stemmeret til Folketinget og Landstinget.</li> <li>1920 – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5skekrisen_(1920)" title="Påskekrisen (1920)">Påskekrisen</a> opstår, da kong <a href="/wiki/Christian_10." title="Christian 10.">Christian 10.</a> afsætter regeringen Zahle. Efterfølgende lover kongen fremover at respektere parlamentarismen som <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6dvaneret" title="Sædvaneret">sædvaneret</a>.</li> <li>1953 – Parlamentarismen blev lovfæstet. Landstinget bliver afskaffet og <a href="/wiki/Tronf%C3%B8lgeloven" title="Tronfølgeloven">tronfølgeloven</a> ændres, således at kvinder får del i arvefølgen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">I Danmark fastslår Grundlovens § 15 blot, at regeringen enten skal træde tilbage eller udskrive valg, hvis et flertal udtaler mistillid til <a href="/wiki/Statsminister" title="Statsminister">statsministeren</a>. Et andet krav til regeringen er, at den ligeledes skal træde tilbage eller udskrive valg, hvis <a href="/wiki/Finanslov" class="mw-redirect" title="Finanslov">finansloven</a> ikke kan opnå flertal i det danske parlament, <a href="/wiki/Folketinget" title="Folketinget">Folketinget</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jf. Rasmussen (1972), bd. 2 s. 225. I Norge må regeringen i denne situation altid gå af, idet den ifølge forfatningen ikke kan udskrive valg i ”utide”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Som fx i de nordiske lande og Tyskland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Som fx i Storbritannien</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En komplikation er, at det kun gælder 1. behandlingen her</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHenrik_Berggren2012" class="citation book cs1">Henrik Berggren (2012). <i>Underbara dagar framför oss</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underbara+dagar+framf%C3%B6r+oss&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Henrik+Berggren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AParlamentarisme" class="Z3988"></span> side 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">I de fleste tilfælde kan regeringens medlemmer samtidig være medlem af parlamentet og har således en dobbeltrolle i magtdelingen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">I USA kan præsidenten således blokere for <a href="/wiki/Implementering" title="Implementering">implementeringen</a> af vedtagne love gennem nedlæggelse af <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Damgaard (1990)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Albæk Jensen, Jørgen (1989). <i>Parlamentarismens statsretlige betydning</i>, København: Jurist- og konomforbundets Forlag.</li> <li>Damgaard, Erik (1990). <i>Parlamentarismens danske tilstande</i> I Damgaard (red), Parlamentarisk forandring i Norden, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.</li> <li>Rasmussen, Erik (1969). Komparativ politik, bd. 1 og 2, 2. udgave, København: Gyldendal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/po/po_0026-PDF/po_0026_93901.pdf">Louise Andersen: "Dansk parlamentarisme: Politiske og retlige normer under opbrud?" (<i>Politica</i>, Bind 26; 1994)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/po/po_0001-PDF/po_0001_93273.pdf">Hans Bagge Nielsen og Jan Henrik Nyheim: "Træk af dansk parlamentarisme 1901-1968" (<i>Politica</i>, Bind 1; 1968)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/po/po_0026-PDF/po_0026_93801.pdf">Palle Svensson: "Brud eller kontinuitet i nyere dansk parlamentarisme" (<i>Politica</i>, Bind 26; 1994)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa-Parlamentet" title="Europa-Parlamentet">Europa-Parlamentet</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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