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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Metafora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metafora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Metafora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metafora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malar hijau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 68 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immergroen" title="Immergroen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Immergroen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="دائم الخضرة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائم الخضرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennifoliu" title="Perennifoliu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perennifoliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malar_hijau" title="Malar hijau – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malar hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E" title="চিরহরিৎ – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিরহরিৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Вечназялёныя расліны – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вечназялёныя расліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimzelene_biljke" title="Zimzelene biljke – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zimzelene biljke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Вечнозелено растение – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вечнозелено растение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta_perennif%C3%B2lia" title="Planta perennifòlia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Planta perennifòlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1lezelen%C3%A1_rostlina" title="Stálezelená rostlina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stálezelená rostlina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedsegr%C3%B8n" title="Stedsegrøn – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stedsegrøn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immergr%C3%BCne_Pflanze" title="Immergrüne Pflanze – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Immergrüne Pflanze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igihaljus" title="Igihaljus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Igihaljus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Αειθαλές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αειθαλές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Evergreen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennifolio" title="Perennifolio – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perennifolio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88iamverdo" title="Ĉiamverdo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉiamverdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostoiraunkor" title="Hostoiraunkor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hostoiraunkor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="همیشه‌سبز – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همیشه‌سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante_sempervirente" title="Plante sempervirente – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plante sempervirente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planda_s%C3%ADorghlas" title="Planda síorghlas – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Planda síorghlas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennifolio" title="Perennifolio – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perennifolio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%A1%9D%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="상록식물 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상록식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մշտադալար բույսեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մշտադալար բույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सदाबहार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सदाबहार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimzelene_biljke" title="Zimzelene biljke – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zimzelene biljke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imithi_ehlala_iluhlaza" title="Imithi ehlala iluhlaza – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imithi ehlala iluhlaza" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADgr%C3%A6n_jurt" title="Sígræn jurt – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sígræn jurt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianta_sempreverde" title="Pianta sempreverde – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pianta sempreverde" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7-%D7%A2%D7%93" title="ירוק-עד – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירוק-עד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3" title="ನಿತ್ಯಹರಿದ್ವರ್ಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿತ್ಯಹರಿದ್ವರ್ಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Дайыма жашыл өсүмдүктөр – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дайыма жашыл өсүмдүктөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C5%BEaliai_augalai" title="Visžaliai augalai – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Visžaliai augalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96r%C3%B6kz%C3%B6ld_n%C3%B6v%C3%A9ny" title="Örökzöld növény – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Örökzöld növény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Зимзелено растение – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зимзелено растение" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenblijvend" title="Groenblijvend – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groenblijvend" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="सदाबहार वनस्पति – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सदाबहार वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B7%91%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="常緑植物 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="常緑植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eviggr%C3%B8nn" title="Eviggrønn – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eviggrønn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eviggr%C3%B8n" title="Eviggrøn – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eviggrøn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doim_yashil_o%CA%BBsimliklar" title="Doim yashil oʻsimliklar – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Doim yashil oʻsimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سدا بہار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سدا بہار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_wiecznie_zielone" title="Rośliny wiecznie zielone – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rośliny wiecznie zielone" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folha_persistente" title="Folha persistente – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folha persistente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C4%83_sempervirescent%C4%83" title="Plantă sempervirescentă – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plantă sempervirescentă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вечнозелёные растения – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вечнозелёные растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Evergreen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evergreen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سدابهار – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سدابهار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%95_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ھەمیشە سەوز – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەمیشە سەوز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зимзелена биљка – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зимзелена биљка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimzelene_biljke" title="Zimzelene biljke – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zimzelene biljke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainavihanta" title="Ainavihanta – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ainavihanta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4dsegr%C3%B6n" title="Städsegrön – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Städsegrön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaging_luntian" title="Palaging luntian – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palaging luntian" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="மாறாப் பசுமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாறாப் பசுமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ame%C9%A3lal_n_tizzegzut" title="Ameɣlal n tizzegzut – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ameɣlal n tizzegzut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="సతత హరితం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సతత హరితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A" title="ไม้ไม่ผลัดใบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้ไม่ผลัดใบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2y_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_xanh" title="Cây thường xanh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cây thường xanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7" title="Рустаниҳои ҳамешасабз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рустаниҳои ҳамешасабз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_dem_ye%C5%9Fil" title="Her dem yeşil – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Her dem yeşil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Вічнозелені рослини – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вічнозелені рослини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piante_senpreverdi" title="Piante senpreverdi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piante senpreverdi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%BB%BF%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="常绿植物 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="常绿植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלעמאל-גרין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלעמאל-גרין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B6%A0%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="常綠植物 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="常綠植物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%BB%BF%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="常绿植物 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="常绿植物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190489#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Abies_alba_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abies_alba_02.jpg/300px-Abies_alba_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abies_alba_02.jpg/450px-Abies_alba_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abies_alba_02.jpg/600px-Abies_alba_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Tunas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pokok_Fir_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pokok Fir Perak (laman tidak wujud)">Pokok Fir Perak</a> ini sudah tiga tahun mengekalkan dedaunnya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">botani</a>, tumbuhan <b>malar hijau</b> ialah tumbuhan yang ber<a href="/wiki/Daun" title="Daun">daun</a> sepanjang tahun, iaitu berbeza dengan tumbuhan <a href="/wiki/Daun_luruh" class="mw-redirect" title="Daun luruh">daun luruh</a> yang menggugurkan semua dedaunnya secara bermusim. </p><p>Dedaun malar hijau mampu bertahan selama beberapa bulan (iaitu daun baru sentiasa tumbuh untuk menggantikan daun lama), ataupun berpuluh-puluh tahun (contohnya, dedaun <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinus_longaeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinus longaeva (laman tidak wujud)">Pinus longaeva</a></i> boleh bertahan lebih 30 tahun <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Live_oak_Georgetown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Live_oak_Georgetown.jpg/220px-Live_oak_Georgetown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Live_oak_Georgetown.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Pokok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_virginiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercus virginiana (laman tidak wujud)"><i>live oak</i> Selatan</a> pada musim sejuk.</figcaption></figure> <p>Paling menarik sekali, wujudnya sejenis tumbuhan <a href="/wiki/Gimnosperma" class="mw-redirect" title="Gimnosperma">gimnosperma</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welwitschia (laman tidak wujud)">Welwitschia</a></i> yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, yang hanya ada dua helai daun yang bertumbuh tanpa henti sepanjang hayat tumbuhannya, selepas itu gugur pada kemuncaknya setelah tisu daun bertahan selama 20–40 tahun. </p><p>Terdapat pelbagai jenis tumbuhan malar hijau, baik pokok mahupun renek, termasuklah kebanyakan spesies <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">konifer</a> (cth. <a href="/wiki/Pokok_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok pain">pokok pain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuja_plicata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuja plicata (laman tidak wujud)">araz merah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprus_biru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprus biru (laman tidak wujud)">sprus biru</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsuga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsuga (laman tidak wujud)">hemlock</a></i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_oak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live oak (laman tidak wujud)">live oak</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ilex_aquifolium" title="Ilex aquifolium">holly</a></i>, gimnosperma "purba" seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikad (laman tidak wujud)">sikad</a>, dan juga kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Angiosperma" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperma">angiosperma</a> dari iklim lebih panas seperti pokok <a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan" title="Hutan hujan">hutan hujan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metafora">Metafora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Metafora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Metafora"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selain bidang botani, istilah "malar hijau" juga memaksudkan sesuatu yang sentiasa memperbaharui dirinya, dalam erti kata lain kekal malar. Contohnya, sesebuah lagu lama yang diminati oleh generasi demi generasi baru, walaupun penyanyi asalnya sudah lama meninggal dunia, digelar lagu "malar hijau". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewers, F. W. & Schmid, R. (1981). Longevity of needle fascicles of <i>Pinus longaeva</i> (Bristlecone Pine) and other North American pines. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oecologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oecologia (laman tidak wujud)">Oecologia</a></i> 51: 107–115.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&oldid=4970519">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malar_hijau&oldid=4970519</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Botani" title="Kategori:Botani">Botani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tumbuhan" title="Kategori:Tumbuhan">Tumbuhan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 14:56, 24 Disember 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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