CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91794574cbd1ce11',cH: 'pH_t48hnhAZuAkYXHE.fb6o3aes4fUw2Cqexu61eJEg-1740503033-1.2.1.1-PjACIRm7Nh_lG2fPZHAxXnO_ii2oSgZ2ykMFflIba_HuGR6jxzHxB6ZJAlknlhY.',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Qaudeer&__cf_chl_tk=RHJesc0KSlGeZTO8DhOMLM78Zw0lK2sUgueD5IKUVRw-1740503033-1.0.1.1-jGERXSgnoLqKWq9HwcPpfZ2kOb33lN0trCY9lZ.o264",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740503033',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Qaudeer&__cf_chl_f_tk=RHJesc0KSlGeZTO8DhOMLM78Zw0lK2sUgueD5IKUVRw-1740503033-1.0.1.1-jGERXSgnoLqKWq9HwcPpfZ2kOb33lN0trCY9lZ.o264",md: ".qgciy0FtVlWLMhMDXqZGNzNengap5CkM56nBQFhSAs-1740503033-1.2.1.1-_fmANnZf5nJ9KvO9oMjxy0ysMdN8siG4Zx4HtgHZ1JBhUCTPywMeAio1wYVMaTX_obtj6EqfreObRi0CQRMSzf9EdnGr7dPszo0wk9b75wt_HpPsg4t.yvBRDr3EjxRKWghQ8yqDsqcQraW0StjbfTFmNKF8TOs4tQqxRtGvTdF8TBcNoqBO0hgugTBxAZk18_f3iaTR.r5NKh4qwZPWWNULsFaCxaNY4Qzvc_fOgk74qOTXi5FhhwvbkUSTIkWSkANA.0uwqWNaKGGUGHxhYjXU7DHqyMAqidUTrCBhETE9zJ2Z9GEBBxjbejaw_taktaZ777vuS8hVpkas.ajrtY8RAM7.U0Iutr6yx0rJCNQrT7mGtmp61wdC7Xy2EzcDXj9LZrcwc11AXmjb8Rw0fsiIglJmLSvMDupPGbWxx.RQ99SVlF1FL7fpq6XgwKf_PzhC9NiiI53mJtuQ3KKtv0SpZDpfdz3kBlU4MZP5Sl99GvaSGmyeZRBI37LZaRaJjtntDFocVbbOyofqQAQsI1V3Fflb2Ol05ZFA5xJTjIq5k._3kflh2jS8TnbO9Q3uOKu9hexS6wExu9XiulzO5YXN97YG.PsP3KZbRmOipoKkew_Ca6KS8dft9BbRIC7.qmAED5bOnVxWcrgb8ujklbvJ2lb1n4BCvQ7jzTg3TTZwy0u.i4jLOOfYBFdAhgMEIVHGhfKk6pz7bbZ2P7SMBAWrVNOTdhrMryQbslCjyiJHe5eYCTnZg8gPqM5Y7D4v0s58CTZQ92F1xgq.ARff0D0D.jsOo.3l_Ybqvao5DjhOzCgLtqy4ycF3lfGpHFI8AgZ9Tme9NMoK5DSdYqIMbpzeZ3sgDDJ1AVNbm3JVs5x7hkRGDlkNpC9V4Ss5PT3P0p4qFdoFdWVF4VMlZ9F6zGftOVdIh7_s0chcXTAasQQtN.70JVQHA.u4kxJFIxyQ5c0ly3p5IXcri7.RfZcno5QQ2wozaWuCpIUV_wAZbDYy7jIjMZsP87IAltwN4Kwm7x9cWCKD4iefYWeg6m8CYfUruOvk76pntJoGXr7kEknIsvSxFh6SrQdXlsFo5TsK6UdChycxUhmux9.Q5sC60XNenRgrpQHIktDqgzI93DMLpojCE2QRCjbojSsnsauCQewdLQedI6PwfIQXcAf64DS_lQSVk0sksJ00s0DUWplWIWSxKjkvADU0tjVPzmtC6.lGqk4VA5z3cUzrMPvUkMGl.kIof.9QBObqyFh6rrh0uK0y_doEYijGx3u3w46V7xj7XFYD6wFn12URWrCskwQGm.obQKfKOHuT1vRFU4NJTahTYHvGgmcsRefMu3bfGjomT5N6uLXdqpO3sLVTDykv32HXHthTGA4_LDWkpPfYDVQXoxRABDAzbtZg9u0TVN0vwr3LrxDzEF7bLwrbaTj1UWKh7BIdJ0NtAlEhjVJ9pI.r8j_2hQJVSLrr7F5xGhuUKnIzPVs2Pj72iH_jxJXzB3grGcR2hLxsQr8wG.VZHRuOIFeoIGvXdBwp3FJn6hlZjdioWKiJAag.7_kjMS2pHrrdOwkoT222cIjob9uGsMsHvxcehH0Jkv3x.Tvznki3LXGYrHoNj91VMjBpzWLao2KgiVCnWK2rwDAd65_6lYuBfhYP1tQ.VtxFhlok5iI23Re6jv1x3.RthkDpK8p8dZywND7p8qeXThWhqVtVflF5Fvn4dXpoJJ17YvhoYnkFM3r7NaYxnODw_hzIEt8qbsC5egQws4oovvAgJrcDamYEoTcwLId88H9JPJRWGXAbk03GFi23YHdzXT4f8RlYSgj6CP9XS8QEvPxbzXJXgpoFCMAXz4NWjlmRz.otwNaX_ztLjg.8Am84LdkTiXoIonV6iAWkeQ3BP6mzQQC.oXCp7jrEKFF9GoFEvHzzlDXA5_RfFqRPbJXHzXuSnSvnTscR84X_OsNnURP13dsXhLY8LMwtQoJDpj1vzS9W",mdrd: "2OvqCoWcBZIu0A6uuqEjZxWj1mo3Q_UrN7gIauXY0ys-1740503033-1.2.1.1-_KNivbRpsqV9Zp4V1HXpF.hCke4UvJtU13fjKGyaoDxh7blFPWKVFz5.4UemMxLheWWWDLWC.AC07p7imrpd5wWS6pCJtwRqm2f_zIuaecxAi_P.dUXEuW366HUwN61oUWEfQjV2cc8ufpPRVO0W6Zr89VXyVOnaQ1FyUmYAv3AHoClqzjKUszXoaFzf0Rz5hJjH06E1y9xyC_E.._0hgqqPeK3cXjFmVAZd9ryhU4MOkyPUoSNRdj7wvhfTwB3E_CsReaza02XU57N3i8I.Oz.83QYRjW0yWV1jqUQZUI1E81w73x1oeHoxK.uiykvO32qlf6K.f5yK5SbySYMMn.m3lWgTdiMEQO8yh8TcgakSPEWAkEC5g4yhfog8jyhiMlaSvEt8Q4JAfO9Yh5WtYhZo_u227bni4W.Z.Ij3ftrhrWv86VpRSdBD.bXJGbn6Ysj5JBT9oyEbKl0bq2jH.wNkPEO6gPOPjwr8IfR5P3KfutwhvAoXLwv6xdUlG_SApfpq2dGi4XLQwS4iZ887iL7bQnTW5o3.yES9eXX1tmhZ6x9CbmL.2MuERNEug8OhqnCU9HWNYqopIsqCyRjzDGxYIF_rp3rFdPv2AYWYYoQnulCOLxGQY07YHGqZM2ogJ7HmVx5PES9AlpjMHB2rTnCDoo1ugwSSRw_A7n3xnW0oX3rcOQ3vj2O0KbZNXJ3B_U0B6ggGMr.OsSqHhnxZXsgz0k9bXVGTjEfIA.s0gLM.5A2.pzGd11_HOjpF9C.8pcMwGt1XvPy4TERsm5e1BpPPEy1n4Bxbmrr5O8GxBJ7DPBUXunsxabGOr4a1ivACMMFh55B1I873CvqWENEX4cmDKVg3QQOpA.3jurIpojX1fuzQEqxj9NeGba5F8HF.jcrW4F.JLX6SMwefBvxWUEMz5dkRRnZVf4aULMSGLJMjyNLS3XyYQCi8UPJTGrNSjwGoaHEA8UoLzOj_.BZvFHzK88SyuyOZ67fEza_7iK76E93eI6JMF4I1o5jSsjNee94DmWAe1oaFl28bQXSd_mq9bXRQIzhr385i_ZoMLqyZwZGoslZ7y2Ufvx8cM3vFFqYxuk4BhPO0Q63HjEk9.H7WSV5NHfwa4Ch4xRPdIHu88lUV04QX9STZiJBoK.lvhpdA3_EvE3iJUelhKUw7wE7Df2_nHM5tKA57H0DkG7VVvBhIhOLzKGCOT_ewUVdsFvZ8PlZlDxSO1wpyCUUJkCPiqByG7VIH_QHaKpHdmmrode8_VM6ojHZw7eJIw3z8xreZoc3lyFl_nccVoefukVDJhs6lOAfxldcwbQRiAbkjdrRPrHFyS01CnhQ1Xsf43RF8uQiC_eCFiSWCyELhDxvG3WEI3GUN6jr254ex8lLFnDV7cs4zbr3dx9V1gLnN_MHdPNi7E2V6SkcnW2Ev.0sErsWrNverRoeXWu6ReZSdRRO2PsvWazhMsuX2n7oDDD18410enWuTmsMUGNdh2tURQyXnnw8lFLmp_QNP3lm1fCOxksSkI7qjiB_.7g9hODskoAcH0upwxQ06QEFvSq.6RFPFdBHf5KwKbfOciFL3tGiWS6JZGfLXiJYmcZQNqRGmzqCHm.h9b2Qy_z4fRwolsczgRu9aQVq9ZxArSdUB3ikBzmsd8BNNPn6ZJzFCtdX_5RxiFqeS.jCvnT4yOFhjq8euxjhYBjP61Y_gRQxDx.zqspFn1pv5zvqKoxBPKQloZCkcIekOrNz8qYV3un.PRYRv7qz4hH7GFcKxJO.1MQ9ohNyimZuTF2PQhwHZ8o0DcxZm5..KHOT7_FUlsZRTC0A_5YE9nFxcjj1iCP_p4DZ1G5uSCG8Vka2UQfTu_1wvNZ7sCHWuj4c8GcaIoI2zlUjxA.1ltTT9SNc3YtN6N37ndnodq4fj1K2B_iLQWB7v6MFAoTkieS.FzIe6cpcJurFUoE86h8JPf6zFMy_2taB6GyaadSehZ2W.DYsL"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91794574cbd1ce11';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Qaudeer&__cf_chl_rt_tk=RHJesc0KSlGeZTO8DhOMLM78Zw0lK2sUgueD5IKUVRw-1740503033-1.0.1.1-jGERXSgnoLqKWq9HwcPpfZ2kOb33lN0trCY9lZ.o264" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>