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Another [[Old French]] phrase also appears in the full achievement of the Royal Arms: the motto of the [[Order of the Garter]], {{lang|xno|[[Honi soit qui mal y pense]]}} ("Shamed be the one who thinks ill of it"), appears on a representation of a [[garter (stockings)|garter]] behind the shield. Modern French spelling has changed {{lang|xno|honi}} to {{lang|fr|honni}}, but the motto has not been updated. ==Other translations== {{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} has been translated in several ways, including "God and my right", "God and my right hand",<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AX8DAAAAQAAJ&q=Kearsley%27s+Complete+Peerage |title=Kearsley's Complete Peerage, of England, Scotland, and Ireland |year=1799 |page=xxiii |access-date=25 April 2009|last1=Kearsley |first1=George }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Coins and Currency: An Historical Encyclopedia |page=227 |author=Mary Ellen Snodgrass |year=2003}}</ref> "God and my lawful right",<ref>Foreign Service Journal (Pg 24) by American Foreign Service Association (1974)</ref> and "God and my right shall me defend".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlE0AAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+my+defence+god+me+defend%22&pg=RA2-PT218|title=The Fourth part of the Institutes of Laws of England: Concerning the Jurisdiction of Courts |author=Edward Coke |year=1671 |access-date=25 April 2009 |quote=The ancient Motto of the King of England is, God and my right ({{lang|la|intelligitur}}) shall me defend}}</ref> The literal [[translation]] of {{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} is "God and my right".<ref name="morana"/> However, ''Kearsley's Complete Peerage'', published in 1799, translates it to mean "God and my right hand" (in standard French that would be {{lang|fr|Dieu et ma main droite}}, not {{lang|fr|mon droit}}). The Kearsley volume appeared during publication of the 1st edition (1796–1808) of the German {{lang|de|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie}}, which emphasised the raising of the "right hand" during installations and coronations of [[Kings of Germany|German Kings]]. Diderot's ''{{lang|fr|[[Encyclopédie]]}}'' lists the motto as {{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}}, which Susan Emanuel translated as "God is my right".<ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;rgn=main;view=text;idno=did2222.0003.042 | title = God is my right | journal = Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert - Collaborative Translation Project | date = 20 August 2013 | access-date = 1 April 2015}}</ref> ==Use as royal motto== [[File:Malta - Valletta - Triq ir-Repubblika - Misrah San Gorg - Attorney General 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|The British coat of arms with the motto on the [[Main Guard (Valletta)|Main Guard]] in [[Valletta]], [[Malta]]<ref name="morana"/>]] {{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} has generally been used as the motto of English monarchs, and later by British monarchs, since being adopted by [[Henry V of England|Henry V]].<ref name="morana"/><ref name="Barker2010"/><ref name=Pine-53>{{cite book |last=Pine |first=Leslie Gilbert |year=1983 |title=A Dictionary of mottoes |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7100-9339-4 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dHE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA53 53]}}</ref> It was first used as a [[battle cry]] by [[Richard I of England|King Richard I]] in 1198 at the [[Battle of Gisors]], when he defeated the forces of [[Philip II of France]] and after he made it his motto.<ref name=Pine-53/><ref>{{cite book | last=Norris |first=Herbert |year=1999 |title=Medieval Costume and Fashion |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Courier Dover Publications |isbn=0-486-40486-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xiqahsJPHSgC&pg=PA312 312]}}</ref> Medieval Europeans did not believe that victory necessarily went to the side with the better army, but (as they also viewed personal [[trial by combat]]) to the side that God viewed with favour.<ref>"If a battle was followed by victory, it was understood that the army was to be seen as in God's favour and the victory viewed as a gesture of blessing." ({{cite book| last1= Lehtonen |first1=Tuomas M. S. |last2=Jensen |first2=Kurt Villads |year=2005 |title=Medieval history writing and crusading ideology |volume=9 |series=Studia Fennica: Historica |edition=illustrated |publisher=Finnish Literature Society|isbn=951-746-662-5}})</ref> Hence Richard wrote after his victory "It is not us who have done it but God and our right through us".<ref name=Pine-53/> So after his victories on the crusades "Richard was speaking what he believed to be the truth when he told the Holy Roman Emperor: '[[s:I am born in a rank which recognizes no superior but God|I am born of a rank which recognises no superior but God]]{{'"}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hallam |first=Elizabeth |year=1996 |title=Medieval Monarchs |publisher=Crescent Books |isbn=0-517-14082-9 |page=44}}</ref> Alternatively, the Royal Arms may depict a monarch's personal motto. For example, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] and [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]'s often displayed {{lang|la|Semper Eadem}}; [[Latin]] for "Always the same",<ref>{{cite book |last=Watkins |first=John |year=2002|title=Representing Elizabeth in Stuart England: literature, history, sovereignty |edition=illustrated| publisher=Cambridge University Press| isbn=0-521-81573-8| page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFxMJ8NeBC4C&pg=PA206 206]}}</ref> and [[James I of England|James I]]'s depicted {{lang|la|Beati Pacifici}}, Latin for "Blessed are the peacemakers".<ref>{{cite book|last=Biden |first=William Downing |year= 1852|title=The history and antiquities of the ancient and royal town of Kingston upon Thames |publisher=William Lindsey |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyandantiq00bidegoog 6]}}</ref> [[File:Dieu et mon droit.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} on the [[Customs House, Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle upon Tyne Customs House]] (1766)]] ==Current usages== [[File:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom on an 1825 customs building in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada.png|thumb|An 1825 customs building in [[Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario]], bearing the Royal coat of arms]] {{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} has been adopted along with the rest of the Royal Coat of Arms by ''[[The Times]]'' as part of its [[Masthead (British publishing)|masthead]]. When it incorporated the Coat of Arms in 1875, half the newspapers in London were also doing so. Since 1982 the paper abandoned the use of the current Royal Coat of Arms and returned to using the Hanoverian coat of arms of 1785.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/feedback/article1185820.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080907073804/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/feedback/article1185820.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 September 2008 |title=FAQ: infrequently asked questions: The Times and Sunday Times are newspapers with long and interesting histories|newspaper=The Times|date=25 January 2007}}</ref> Versions of the Coat of Arms, with the motto, are used by various newspapers, including Melbourne's ''[[The Age]]'' in Australia, [[Christchurch]]'s ''[[The Press]]'' in New Zealand, the UK's ''[[Daily Mail]]'', and Canada's Victoria [[Times Colonist]]. It is also used in Hardwick Hall in England on the fireplace of The High Great Chamber, also known as the Presence Chamber, though there it reads {{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}}, God is my right. instead creating an additional 'ES' monogram. The extra E and S are a superimposition on the original E. This was added at a later date after the original writing was put up; to deface the Royal Arms would have been very dangerous, hence it was added later. It is also found on the official belt buckle of the [[Jamaica Constabulary Force]];{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} the front page of a [[British passport]]; the rank slide of a warrant officer in the British and other Commonwealth armed forces; the arms of the [[Supreme Court of South Australia]], the [[Supreme Court of Victoria]] and [[Supreme Court of New South Wales]]; and the crests of Hawthorn Rowing Club in Melbourne, Australia, [[Nottingham Law School]], and [[Sherborne School]].<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/5687448/State-vs-independent-schools-Sherborne-Dorset.html |title=State vs independent schools: Sherborne, Dorset |date=30 June 2009 |author=Max Davidson | newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref> The coined phrase was also used by Michael Jackson at his Neverland Ranch's front gates. The crest on the main gates carried the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom, along with the phrase at the bottom.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Mills|url=http://fierth.com/2012/05/a-night-inside-michael-jacksons-abandoned-neverland-ranch/|title=A Night Inside Michael Jackson's Abandoned Neverland Ranch|magazine=Fierth Magazine|date=4 May 2012|access-date=28 May 2014|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221134000/http://www.fierth.com/2012/05/a-night-inside-michael-jacksons-abandoned-neverland-ranch/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The motto was formerly included in a scroll on the Western Australia Police Force coat of arms, before being replaced with "Protect and Serve" when the organisation changed its name from Western Australia Police Force to Western Australia Police Service.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} It is the motto of [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} It is the motto of the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, England.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} It is the motto of several, but not all, schools within the [[Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI|King Edward VI School Foundation]], Birmingham, England including: * Fee Paying: [[King Edward's School, Birmingham|King Edward’s School]] * Selective: [[King Edward VI Aston School]], [[King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls]], [[King Edward VI Five Ways School]], [[King Edward VI Handsworth School|King Edward VI Handsworth School for Girls]] [[File:Customs House Emblem.jpg|thumb|121x121px|[[Customs House, Sydney|Old Customs House]] (1845), Sydney, New South Wales|alt=]] It is also found on the [[Customs House, Sydney|Old Customs House in Sydney]], Australia. The Royal Coat of Arms is intricately carved in sandstone, located above the main entry pediment. ==Variants== [[File:Dieu et mon droit motto.JPG|thumb|{{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} motto on [[Albany Courthouse]] (1898), Western Australia]] The [[Hearts of Oak (New York militia)|Hearts of Oak]], a revolutionary New York militia commanded by [[Alexander Hamilton]], wore badges of red tin hearts on their jackets with the words "God and Our Right".<ref>Chernow, Ron. ''Alexander Hamilton''. Penguin Press, (2004) ({{ISBN|1-59420-009-2}}).</ref> The phrase was the inspiration for a joke motto by [[The Beatles]], ''Duit on Mon Dei'' ("Do it on Monday"){{citation needed|date=April 2013}} and [[Harry Nilsson]]'s 1975 album ''[[Duit on Mon Dei]]''. [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], as consort of the British monarch, used a similar motto: "God Is My Help". ==={{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}}=== [[Henry Hudson]] in 1612 used the wording {{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}} (God is my right).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b2000113t|title=[Illustrations de Descriptio ac delineatio geographica detectionis freti supra terras Americanas in China atque, Japonem ducturi] / [Non identifié] ; Henry Hudson, aut. du texte|date=26 December 2017|via=gallica.bnf.fr}}</ref> Other people considered the phrase {{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}} (God is my right) means he was direct sovereign and not vassal of any other king.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6328253s|title=L'esprit de l'Encyclopédie, ou Choix des articles les plus curieux, les plus agréables, les plus piquants, les plus philosophiques de ce grand dictionnaire...|first=Joseph de (1714–1779) Auteur du texte|last=La Porte|publisher=Le Breton|via=gallica.bnf.fr}}</ref> Another example of {{lang|fr|Dieu est mon droit}} is inscribed under the royal coat of arms on the over mantle of the High Great Chamber in Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire. ==See also== * {{lang|sco|[[In my defens God me defend]]}}, the motto of the British monarch for use in Scotland * {{lang|la|[[Nemo me impune lacessit]]}}, the motto of Scotland * {{lang|de|[[Ich dien]]}}, the motto of the [[Prince of Wales]] * {{lang|la|[[Deus meumque ius]]}} * [[List of national mottos]] * {{lang|de|[[Gott mit uns]]}} * {{lang|la|[[Deo vindice]]}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} {{Royal heraldry in the United Kingdom}} [[Category:French words and phrases]] [[Category:Monarchy of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:National mottos]] [[Category:National symbols of the United Kingdom]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span 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