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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SQL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ɛs kjuː ɛl/</span> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content label-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="En-us-SQL.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-SQL.ogg/En-us-SQL.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/En-us-SQL.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:En-us-SQL.ogg" title="File:En-us-SQL.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Structured Query Language</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈsiːkwəl/</span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410" /><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content label-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="en-us-sequel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-sequel.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-sequel.ogg/En-us-sequel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-us-sequel.ogg" title="File:en-us-sequel.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><span class="homophones"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#homophone" title="Appendix:Glossary">Homophone</a>: <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/sequel#English" title="sequel">sequel</a></span></span></li> <li>Rhymes: <a href="/wiki/Rhymes:English/i%CB%90kw%C9%99l" title="Rhymes:English/iːkwəl"><span class="IPA">-iːkwəl</span></a></li> <li>The first form of SQL was called <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">SEQUEL</i>, pronounced like <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sequel</i>. As a result, many speakers still pronounce <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><strong class="selflink">SQL</strong></i> like <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sequel</i>. (For these speakers, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><strong class="selflink">SQL</strong></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#acronym" title="Appendix:Glossary">acronym</a>.)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">SQL</strong> (<i><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#uncountable" title="Appendix:Glossary">uncountable</a></i>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac label-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content label-content"><a href="/wiki/computer_language" title="computer language">computer languages</a><span class="ib-comma label-comma">,</span> <a href="/wiki/database" title="database">databases</a></span><span class="ib-brac label-brac">)</span></span> <span class="form-of-definition use-with-mention">Initialism of <span class="form-of-definition-link"><i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" class="extiw" title="w:Structured Query Language">Structured Query Language</a></i></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac label-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content label-content"><a href="/wiki/physics" title="physics">physics</a></span><span class="ib-brac label-brac">)</span></span> <span class="form-of-definition use-with-mention">Initialism of <span class="form-of-definition-link"><i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/standard#English" title="standard">standard</a> <a href="/wiki/quantum_limit#English" title="quantum limit">quantum limit</a></i></span></span>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hypernyms">Hypernyms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hypernyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/QL#English" title="QL">QL</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hyponyms">Hyponyms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hyponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher-wrapper"><div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="term-list columns-bg ul-column-count" data-column-count="4"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=eSQL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="eSQL (page does not exist)">eSQL</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NewSQL#English" title="NewSQL">NewSQL</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NoSQL#English" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/PL/SQL#English" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL#English" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/T-SQL#English" title="T-SQL">T-SQL</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher-wrapper"><div class="term-list columns-bg"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/HSQLDB#English" title="HSQLDB">HSQLDB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-SQL_(Structured_Query_Language)"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">SQL (Structured Query Language)</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="SQL (Structured Query Language)"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Arabic: <span class="Arab" lang="ar"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="إس كيو إل (page does not exist)">إِس كْيُو إِل</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ar-Latn" class="tr Latn">ʔes kyū ʔel</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Arab" lang="ar"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="إس كيو إل (page does not exist)">إسْ كْيُو إلْ</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ar-Latn" class="tr Latn">ʔis kyū ʔil</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#German">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="de:SQL">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Italian">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="it:SQL">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Japanese: <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Japanese">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="ja:SQL">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=esu-ky%C5%AB-eru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="esu-kyū-eru (page does not exist)">esu-kyū-eru</a></span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Korean: <span class="Kore" lang="ko"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Korean">SQL</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ko-Latn" class="tr Latn">eseukyuel</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Norwegian: <span class="Latn" lang="no"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Norwegian">SQL</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Persian: <span class="Arab fa-Arab" lang="fa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اس‌کیوال (page does not exist)">اس‌کیوال</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="fa-Latn" class="tr Latn">es-kiyu-el</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="None" lang="ru"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Russian">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="ru:SQL">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> (pronounced <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru">эс-ку-э́ль</i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">es-ku-élʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> or <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru">эс-кью-э́л</i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">es-kʹju-él</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>)</li> <li>Serbo-Croatian: <span class="Latn" lang="sh"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Serbo-Croatian">SQL</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Sicilian: <span class="Latn" lang="scn"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sicilian">SQL</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Spanish">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="es:SQL">(es)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Swedish: <span class="Latn" lang="sv"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Swedish">SQL</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Turkish: <span class="Latn" lang="tr"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Turkish">SQL</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="tr:SQL">(tr)</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="w:SQL"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="w:SQL">SQL</a></b> on Wikipedia.<span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" class="extiw" title="w:SQL">Wikipedia </a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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