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barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a 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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Particella+%CE%B2" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Particella+%CE%B2" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Particella+%CE%B2" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Particella+%CE%B2" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Salute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Particella β</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 68 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betadeeltjie" title="Betadeeltjie - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Betadeeltjie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particla_beta" title="Particla beta - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Particla beta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="جسيم بيتا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسيم بيتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_beta" title="Partícula beta - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Partícula beta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hiss%C9%99cik" title="Beta hissəcik - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beta hissəcik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бэта-часціца - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бэта-часціца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бета-частица - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бета-частица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="বিটা কণিকা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিটা কণিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_%C4%8Destica" title="Beta čestica - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Beta čestica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_%CE%B2" title="Partícula β - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partícula β" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="تەنۆکەی بێتا - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەنۆکەی بێتا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD_beta" title="Záření beta - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Záření beta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betateilchen" title="Betateilchen - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betateilchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%B2%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σωματίδιο βήτα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σωματίδιο βήτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Beta particle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_beta" title="Partícula beta - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partícula beta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetaosake" title="Beetaosake - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Beetaosake" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_partikula" title="Beta partikula - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beta partikula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ذرات بتا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذرات بتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particule_%CE%B2" title="Particule β - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Particule β" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ite-ch%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn" title="Béite-cháithnín - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Béite-cháithnín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_beta" title="Partícula beta - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Partícula beta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%98%D7%90" title="חלקיק בטא - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלקיק בטא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3" title="बीटा कण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बीटा कण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-%C4%8Destica" title="Beta-čestica - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beta-čestica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patikil_beta" title="Patikil beta - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patikil beta" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ta-r%C3%A9szecske" title="Béta-részecske - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Béta-részecske" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բետա-մասնիկներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բետա-մասնիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particula_%CE%B2" title="Particula β - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Particula β" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikel_Beta" title="Partikel Beta - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partikel Beta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="ベータ粒子 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベータ粒子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бета-Бөлшектер - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бета-Бөлшектер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3" title="ಬೀಟ ಕಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೀಟ ಕಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%83%80_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="베타 입자 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베타 입자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%A7oka_beta" title="Perçoka beta - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perçoka beta" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggi_beta" title="Raggi beta - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Raggi beta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_dalel%C4%97" title="Beta dalelė - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beta dalelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93ta_da%C4%BCi%C5%86a" title="Bēta daļiņa - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bēta daļiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бета-честичка - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бета-честичка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ബീറ്റാ കണം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബീറ്റാ കണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бета задрал - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бета задрал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarah_beta" title="Zarah beta - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zarah beta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဘီတာအမှုန် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီတာအမှုန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8tadeeltje" title="Bètadeeltje - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bètadeeltje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betapartikkel" title="Betapartikkel - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Betapartikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betapartikkel" title="Betapartikkel - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Betapartikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A3" title="ਬੀਟਾ ਕਣ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੀਟਾ ਕਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promieniowanie_beta" title="Promieniowanie beta - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Promieniowanie beta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84" title="بیٹا پارٹیکل - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیٹا پارٹیکل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_beta" title="Partícula beta - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partícula beta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бета-частица - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бета-частица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-%C4%8Destica" title="Beta-čestica - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beta-čestica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94" title="බීටා අංශු - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බීටා අංශු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beta particle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Castica_beta" title="Častica beta - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Častica beta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delec_beta" title="Delec beta - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Delec beta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_%C4%8Destica" title="Beta čestica - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Beta čestica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பீட்டா துகள் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பீட்டா துகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бета-зарра - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бета-зарра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="อนุภาคบีตา - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อนุภาคบีตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Beta parçacığı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beta parçacığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бета-частинки - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бета-частинки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_zarra" title="Beta zarra - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Beta zarra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_beta" title="Hạt beta - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạt beta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikulo_Beta" title="Partikulo Beta - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Partikulo Beta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Β粒子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Β粒子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%A8%AE%E5%B0%84%E7%B6%AB" title="乙種射綫 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乙種射綫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103531#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Particella_%CE%B2" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Particella_%CE%B2" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg/380px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg/570px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg/760px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation_penetration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Particella_%CE%B1" title="Particella α">radiazione alfa</a> è costituita da nuclei di <a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio</a> e viene fermata da un foglio di carta. La radiazione beta, costituita da <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> o <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positroni</a>, viene fermata da una sottile lastra di alluminio, la <a href="/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma">radiazione gamma</a> richiede la schermatura con materiale denso come <a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">piombo</a> o cemento. </figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>radiazione beta</b> è una forma di <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_ionizzante" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiazione ionizzante">radiazione ionizzante</a> emessa da alcuni tipi di <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">nuclei radioattivi</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beta-minus_Decay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beta-minus_Decay.svg/220px-Beta-minus_Decay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beta-minus_Decay.svg/330px-Beta-minus_Decay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beta-minus_Decay.svg/440px-Beta-minus_Decay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>Radiazione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b53cf601b551f4a21f29eaa9aff222b901988e6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"></span> </figcaption></figure> <p>Questa radiazione assume la forma di <b>particelle beta (β)</b>, che sono particelle ad alta <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a>, espulse da un <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo atomico</a> in un processo conosciuto come <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">decadimento beta</a>. Esistono due forme di decadimento beta, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b53cf601b551f4a21f29eaa9aff222b901988e6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22b725e9419c59694b5f9b7edc75fe3a80f36592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"></span>, che emettono rispettivamente un <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a> e un <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a>. </p><p>Un esempio di decadimento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b53cf601b551f4a21f29eaa9aff222b901988e6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"></span> è un <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutrone</a> che viene convertito in un <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protone</a>, un elettrone e un <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_elettronico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino elettronico">antineutrino elettronico</a> (l'<a href="/wiki/Antiparticella" title="Antiparticella">antiparticella</a> del <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{n}}\rightarrow {\mbox{p}}+{\mbox{e}}^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>n</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{n}}\rightarrow {\mbox{p}}+{\mbox{e}}^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ee1810375904970cd398760da993f6629820b7e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.738ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{n}}\rightarrow {\mbox{p}}+{\mbox{e}}^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"></span> </p><p>Nel decadimento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22b725e9419c59694b5f9b7edc75fe3a80f36592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"></span> (osservabile in nuclei ricchi di <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a>), un protone interagisce con un antineutrino elettronico per dare un neutrone e un <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a> (il decadimento diretto del protone in positrone non è stato ancora osservato):<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{p}}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}\rightarrow {\mbox{n}}+{\mbox{e}}^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>n</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{p}}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}\rightarrow {\mbox{n}}+{\mbox{e}}^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7cb700faa40a22c4129c5f15dfaff6dffa5b6a77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.738ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{p}}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}\rightarrow {\mbox{n}}+{\mbox{e}}^{+}}"></span> </p><p>A causa della presenza del neutrino, l'<a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> e la particella beta normalmente non <a href="/wiki/Rinculo" title="Rinculo">rinculano</a> in direzioni opposte. Questa osservazione sembrava violare il principio della <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_dell%27energia" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservazione dell'energia">conservazione dell'energia</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_del_momento" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservazione del momento">momento</a>, ma poiché una tal cosa non sembrava probabile, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> postulò l'esistenza di una terza particella neutra<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> il cui nome - neutrino - fu coniato dall'italiano <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Amaldi" title="Edoardo Amaldi">Edoardo Amaldi</a>, stretto collaboratore di <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>, che a sua volta elaborò una teoria del decadimento beta che ancora oggi può essere considerata valida entro un ottimo livello di approssimazione. Tale decadimento è mediato dalla <a href="/wiki/Forza_nucleare_debole" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza nucleare debole">forza nucleare debole</a>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Forza_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza (fisica)">interazione</a> delle particelle beta con la <a href="/wiki/Materia_(fisica)" title="Materia (fisica)">materia</a> ha generalmente un raggio d'azione dieci volte superiore, e un potere ionizzante pari a un decimo rispetto all'interazione delle <a href="/wiki/Particella_%CE%B1" title="Particella α">particelle alfa</a>. Vengono bloccate completamente da pochi millimetri di <a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio">alluminio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le particelle beta possono essere utilizzate per trattare problemi di salute come il cancro agli occhi e alle ossa e sono anche usate come <a href="/wiki/Tracciante_(chimica)" title="Tracciante (chimica)">traccianti</a>. Lo <a href="/wiki/Stronzio-90" title="Stronzio-90">stronzio-90</a> è il materiale più comunemente usato per produrre particelle beta. </p><p>Le particelle beta vengono utilizzate anche nel controllo qualità per testare lo spessore di un prodotto, come la carta, che si produce tipicamente attraverso un sistema di rulli. Parte della radiazione beta che viene diretta verso il prodotto viene assorbita durante il passaggio attraverso il prodotto stesso. Se il prodotto è troppo denso o troppo sottile, verrà assorbita una quantità di radiazioni corrispondentemente diversa. Un programma software che monitora la qualità della carta prodotta sposterà quindi i rulli per modificare lo spessore del prodotto finale. </p><p>Un dispositivo di illuminazione chiamato <i>betalight</i> contiene trizio e un <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforo</a>. Quando il <a href="/wiki/Trizio" title="Trizio">trizio</a> decade, emette particelle beta; queste colpiscono il fosforo, facendo sì che il fosforo emetta <a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">fotoni</a>, proprio come il <a href="/wiki/Tubo_a_raggi_catodici" title="Tubo a raggi catodici">tubo a raggi catodici</a> in un televisore. L'illuminazione non richiede alimentazione esterna e continuerà finché esiste il trizio (e i fosfori stessi non cambiano chimicamente); la quantità di luce prodotta si ridurrà alla metà del suo valore originale in 12,32 anni, pari all'<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> del trizio. </p><p>Il decadimento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22b725e9419c59694b5f9b7edc75fe3a80f36592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{+}}"></span>(o positrone) di un <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a> utilizzato come tracciante radioattivo è, invece, la fonte dei positroni utilizzati nella <a href="/wiki/Tomografia" title="Tomografia">tomografia</a> a emissione di positroni (scansione <a href="/wiki/Tomografia_a_emissione_di_positroni" title="Tomografia a emissione di positroni">PET</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a>, mentre sperimentava la <a href="/wiki/Fluorescenza" title="Fluorescenza">fluorescenza</a>, scoprì per caso che l'<a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">uranio</a> impressionava una lastra fotografica, avvolta con carta nera, con una radiazione sconosciuta che non poteva essere spiegata come <a href="/wiki/Raggi_X" title="Raggi X">raggi X</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> continuò questi esperimenti e scoprì due diversi tipi di radiazioni: </p> <ul><li>particelle alfa che non sono apparse sulle lastre Becquerel perché sono state facilmente assorbite dalla carta da imballaggio nera.</li> <li>particelle beta che sono 100 volte più penetranti delle particelle alfa.</li></ul> <p>Rutherford pubblicò i suoi risultati nel 1899. </p><p>Nel 1900, Becquerel misurò il rapporto massa-carica ( <i>m</i> / <i>e</i> ) per le particelle beta con il metodo di <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.J. Thomson</a> utilizzato per studiare i raggi catodici e identificare l'elettrone. Egli scoprì che <i>e</i> / <i>m</i> per una particella beta è la stessa dell'elettrone di Thomson, quindi suggerì che la particella beta fosse in realtà un elettrone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salute">Salute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Salute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Salute"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le particelle beta penetrano moderatamente nei tessuti viventi e possono causare mutazioni spontanee nel <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>. </p><p>Le sorgenti beta possono essere utilizzate nella <a href="/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia">radioterapia</a> per distruggere le cellule tumorali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giorgio Bendiscioli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fenomeni Radioattivi</span>, Springer, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8">978-88-470-0803-8</a>.</cite>p.164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giorgio Bendiscioli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fenomeni Radioattivi</span>, Springer, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8">978-88-470-0803-8</a>.</cite>p.167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">vedi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienzapertutti.lnf.infn.it/P3/letterapauli.html">lettera di Pauli</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040509142247/http://scienzapertutti.lnf.infn.it/P3/letterapauli.html">Archiviato</a> il 9 maggio 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. - trad.in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">italiano</a> - inviata il 4 dicembre <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> al congresso di <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tubinga" title="Tubinga">Tubinga</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giorgio Bendiscioli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fenomeni Radioattivi</span>, Springer, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8">978-88-470-0803-8</a>.</cite>p.25-26</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giorgio Bendiscioli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fenomeni Radioattivi</span>, Springer, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-470-0803-8">978-88-470-0803-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Maurizio Pelliccioni, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fondamenti Fisici della Radioprotezione</span>, Pitagora Editrice Bologna, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-371-0470-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-371-0470-7">88-371-0470-7</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">Decadimento beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0" title="Radioattività">Radioattività</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">Elettrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">Positrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interazione_debole" title="Interazione debole">Interazione debole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particella_%CE%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/beta-particle"><span style="font-style:italic;">beta particle</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103531#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" 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style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Processinucleari" title="Template:Processinucleari"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Processinucleari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Processinucleari (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Processinucleari&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Fisica_nucleare" title="Fisica nucleare">Processi nucleari</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0" title="Radioattività">Decadimento radioattivo</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_alfa" title="Decadimento alfa">Decadimento alfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Particella_%CE%B1" title="Particella α">particella α</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">Decadimento beta</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">particella β</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma">Raggi gamma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">fotone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emissione_di_neutroni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emissione di neutroni (la pagina non esiste)">Emissione di neutroni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emissione_di_protoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emissione di protoni (la pagina non esiste)">Emissione di protoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fissione_spontanea" title="Fissione spontanea">Fissione spontanea</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Processo_tre_alfa" title="Processo tre alfa">Processo tre alfa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nucleosintesi" title="Nucleosintesi">Nucleosintesi</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Cattura_neutronica" title="Cattura neutronica">Cattura neutronica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Processo_r" title="Processo r">processo r</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Processo_s" title="Processo s">processo s</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattura_protonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cattura protonica (la pagina non esiste)">Cattura protonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Processo_p" title="Processo p">Processo p</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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