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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Symbols used in Wiktionary entries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols_used_in_Wiktionary_entries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_on_vowel_qualities_and_quantities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_on_vowel_qualities_and_quantities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Comments on vowel qualities and quantities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_on_vowel_qualities_and_quantities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_vs_J" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_vs_J"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>I vs J</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_vs_J-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U_vs_V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U_vs_V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>U vs V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U_vs_V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Consonants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allophones_of_/r/" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allophones_of_/r/"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Allophones of /r/</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allophones_of_/r/-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_Latin_pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_Latin_pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_Latin_pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pronunciation format</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pronunciation_format-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pronunciation format subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IPA_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IPA_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> 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title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br /><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:pron:la&redirect=no">AP:pron:la</a></code></div> <p>The tables below show the <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> equivalents for Latin sounds. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vowels">Vowels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classical Latin had both long and short vowels. For all vowel pairs besides <span class="IPA">/a aː/</span> (the most open), the short versions are reconstructed as being more phonetically <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:Open vowel">open</a> in most contexts than their long counterparts, which resulted later in the merging of short <i>i</i> and <i>u</i> with long <i>ē</i> and <i>ō</i> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages#Italo-Western_vs._Eastern_vs._Sardinian" class="extiw" title="w:Romance languages">Italo-Western Romance languages</a> (such as Italian) after the loss of phonemic vowel length. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols_used_in_Wiktionary_entries">Symbols used in Wiktionary entries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbols used in Wiktionary entries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Classical Latin monophthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Letter</th> <th rowspan="2">Environment</th> <th colspan="2">IPA </th></tr> <tr> <th>Phonemic notation</th> <th>Phonetic notation used on Wiktionary </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/a/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ā</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/aː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[aː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">e</td> <td>in most cases</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA">/e/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[ɛ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>before a vowel</td> <td><span class="IPA">[e]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ē</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/eː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[eː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">i</td> <td>in most cases</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA">/i/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[ɪ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>before a vowel</td> <td><span class="IPA">[i]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ī</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/iː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[iː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/o/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[ɔ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ō</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/oː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[oː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">u</td> <td>in most cases</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA">/u/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[ʊ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>before a vowel</td> <td><span class="IPA">[u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ū</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/uː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[uː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">y</td> <td>in most cases</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA">/y/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[ʏ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>before a vowel</td> <td><span class="IPA">[y]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ȳ</td> <td>in all cases</td> <td><span class="IPA">/yː/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA">[yː]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Classical Latin diphthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Letters</th> <th>IPA </th></tr> <tr> <td>ae</td> <td><span class="IPA">/ae̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>au</td> <td><span class="IPA">/au̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ei</td> <td><span class="IPA">/ei̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eu</td> <td><span class="IPA">/eu̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oe</td> <td><span class="IPA">/oe̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ui</td> <td><span class="IPA">/ui̯/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_breve" class="extiw" title="w:Inverted breve">inverted breve</a>, which indicates that the vowel does not form a separate syllable.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comments_on_vowel_qualities_and_quantities">Comments on vowel qualities and quantities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comments on vowel qualities and quantities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per Allen, the long mid vowels <b>ē ō</b> /eː oː/ were phonetically high-mid [eː oː] and the short mid vowels <b>e o</b> /e o/ were in most circumstances open-mid [ɛ ɔ].<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allen argues that /e/ likely had a closer allophone when followed by a vowel (transcribed in Wiktionary entries by <span class="IPA">[e]</span>), and an opener allophone when followed by the consonant /r/ (not marked in Wiktionary entries; Allen says "the degree of opening is unknown" and suggests that "there is no point in attempting to reproduce it").<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long close vowels <b>ī ū</b> /iː uː/ were phonetically fully close [iː uː]. The short close vowels <b>i u</b> /i u/ were per Allen near-close <span class="IPA">[ɪ ʊ]</span>, except for when followed by a vowel (as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/dies#Latin" title="dies">diēs</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/duo#Latin" title="duo">duo</a></i>), where they likely had closer allophones (transcribed on Wiktionary by <span class="IPA">[i u]</span>). Some evidence suggests that <span class="IPA">/i/</span> before <span class="IPA">/ɡn/</span> <span class="IPA">[ŋn]</span> may have been raised to <span class="IPA">[i]</span> or both raised and lengthened to <span class="IPA">/iː/</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for this reason, this sequence is sometimes written as <b>īgn</b> in dictionaries or linguistic works. But since <span class="IPA">/iɡn/</span> with short <span class="IPA">/i/</span> represents both the length expected from the etymology, and the length implied by various inherited Romance descendants such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/degno#Italian" title="degno">degno</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/se%C3%B1a#Spanish" title="seña">seña</a></i>, this sequence is written on Wiktionary as <b>ign</b> <span class="IPA">/iɡn/</span> <span class="IPA">[ɪŋn]</span>. </p><p>The close vowel pair <b>y ȳ</b> was not part of the native Latin sound system; the letter was adopted to represent the value of Attic Greek υ (/y yː/) in words borrowed from Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly, υ was adapted as <b>u</b> <span class="IPA">/u/</span> (as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/bursa#Latin" title="bursa">bursa</a></i> from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B2%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" title="βύρσα">βύρσα</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="grc-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">búrsa</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>), a replacement that in some cases continued to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Classical period, words spelled with <b>y ȳ</b> were likely pronounced by educated Latin speakers with the value of the Greek vowel or an approximation of it, meaning long <b>ȳ</b> was phonetically <span class="IPA">[yː]</span> and short <b>y</b> was phonetically either <span class="IPA">[y]</span> or possibly <span class="IPA">[ʏ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_vs_J">I vs J</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: I vs J"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Latin, the letter written as <b>I</b> in ancient times was either a <a href="/wiki/vowel" title="vowel">vowel</a> or a <a href="/wiki/consonant" title="consonant">consonant</a>, or rarely a sequence of consonant and vowel, depending on position and the word, the vowel being most common. The two forms had different <a href="/wiki/pronunciation" title="pronunciation">pronunciation</a> and different <a href="/wiki/metre" title="metre">metrical</a> treatment in <a href="/wiki/poetry" title="poetry">poetry</a>. </p><p>An early modern typographical convention (originating in medieval scripts) is to write <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> for the consonant form and leave I for the vowel. This is applied both to ordinary words and proper nouns. A similar modern convention exists in writing the vowel <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> as <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> (see <a href="#U_and_V">U and V</a> for more). But while U is very commonly written, the use of J is more variable. </p><p>Generally speaking, modern Latin–English dictionaries always use I; however, in the 19th and early 20th centuries the use of J was more widespread (for example, the substantial 1879 dictionary of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Short" class="extiw" title="w:Lewis and Short">Lewis and Short</a>). Reprints of classical works on the other hand sometimes write J and sometimes write I. Ecclesiastical works use J more commonly than scholarly classical works, but not to the exclusion of I. </p><p>The exclusive use of I never results in ambiguity about the identity of a word, as there are no words that are distinguished solely by the use of I versus J (unlike U versus V; see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a vowel, </p> <ul><li>(<i>Classical</i>): IPA: short <span class="IPA">/i/</span>, long <span class="IPA">/iː/</span></li></ul> <p>As a consonant, </p> <ul><li>(<i>Classical</i>): <span class="IPA">/j/</span>, but doubled <span class="IPA">/jj/</span> when between vowels</li></ul> <p>As a consonant–vowel sequence </p> <ul><li>(<i>Classical</i>): <span class="IPA">/jji/</span> after a vowel (e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/reicit#Latin" title="reicit">reicit</a></i>), <span class="IPA">/ji/</span> after a consonant (e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/subicio#Latin" title="subicio">subicio</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U_vs_V">U vs V</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U vs V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Latin, the letter written as <b>V</b> in ancient times represented either a <a href="/wiki/vowel" title="vowel">vowel</a> or a <a href="/wiki/consonant" title="consonant">consonant</a> depending on its position and the word. These two forms had distinct <a href="/wiki/pronunciation" title="pronunciation">pronunciations</a> and different <a href="/wiki/metre" title="metre">metrical</a> treatment in <a href="/wiki/poetry" title="poetry">poetry</a>. </p><p>A modern <a href="/wiki/typography" title="typography">typographical</a> convention is to write <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> for the vowel and leave V as the consonant. Generally speaking <a href="/wiki/dictionary" title="dictionary">dictionaries</a> write U this way and the majority of reprints of classical texts adapt them and show U too. The use of V for the vowel in new works is usually a deliberately <a href="/wiki/classical" title="classical">classical</a> style or appearance, and that includes for example in <a href="/wiki/inscription" title="inscription">inscriptions</a> on new <a href="/wiki/monument" title="monument">monuments</a> and the like. </p><p>Note that there are words where V and U contrast: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/servit#Latin" title="servit">servit</a></i> is the third-person singular present of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/servio#Latin" title="servio">serviō</a></i>, pronounced <span class="IPA">/ˈser.wit/</span> in two syllables; while <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/seruit#Latin" title="seruit">seruit</a></i> is the third-person singular perfect of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/sero#Latin" title="sero">serō</a></i>, pronounced <span class="IPA">/ˈse.ru.it/</span> in three syllables. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As consonant, </p> <ul><li>(<i>Classical</i>): IPA: <span class="IPA">/w/</span>, (in Greek loanwords between vowels) <span class="IPA">/ww/</span></li></ul> <p>As vowel, </p> <ul><li>(<i>Classical</i>): IPA: short <span class="IPA">/u/</span>, long <span class="IPA">/uː/</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consonants">Consonants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Consonants</b>: b (ps, pt) k d f g (ŋ) h j k l m n p kw r s t w ks z kʰ pʰ tʰ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allophones_of_/r/"><span id="Allophones_of_.2Fr.2F"></span>Allophones of /r/</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Allophones of /r/"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin has one <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rhotic_consonant" class="extiw" title="w:rhotic consonant">rhotic consonant</a>, which is transcribed as /r/ in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phoneme" class="extiw" title="w:phoneme">phonemic</a> transcription used on Wiktionary. The phoneme /r/ likely had multiple phonetic realizations (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/allophone" class="extiw" title="w:allophone">allophones</a>) in Classical Latin. </p><p>An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_trill" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar trill">alveolar trill</a> [r] was likely a common realization in at least the following two contexts: at the start of a word after a pause, or when the consonant was geminated (doubled) as /r.r/ [rː], such as in the word <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/terra#Latin" title="terra">terra</a></i>. Most sources describe the trill [r] as the primary pronunciation of Classical Latin /r/. </p><p>A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_tap" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar tap">alveolar tap</a> (or flap) [ɾ] was likely a possible allophone of singleton (non-geminate) /r/ in some cases, especially in word-medial intervocalic position. A minority of sources describe the tap [ɾ] as the primary pronunciation of Classical Latin /r/. </p><p>There is disagreement about the overall frequency of tap versus trill realizations of /r/. Various contextual factors may have influenced which allophone was used, such as the identity of the surrounding sounds, the position of word and morpheme boundaries, prosody, speech rate, or speech style. Aside from trills and taps, other sounds such as fricatives may have been used as allophonic pronunciations of the phoneme /r/. </p><p>Because of the uncertain distribution of the trill and tap realizations of /r/, and because the IPA recognizes [r] as a valid broad transcription of the tap [ɾ], the phonetic transcriptions in Wiktionary entries do not differentiate between the possible allophones of Latin /r/, and use only the transcription [r]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_Latin_pronunciation">Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most Latin lemma entries, Wiktionary provides an Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation reflecting the “Italianate” standard adopted in most of the Roman Catholic Church in the 19th century. The Italianate pronunciation is derived from modern Italian, and thus includes Italianisms not known in Classical Latin such as /t͡ʃ/ for <i>c</i> before <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianate_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Italianate Latin">Italianate Latin</a> at Wikipedia for more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation_format">Pronunciation format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronunciation format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some example entries for Latin pronunciation given in IPA. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/hyˈper.bo.leː/</span>   (for <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/hyperbole#Latin" title="hyperbole">hyperbolē</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈnoː.men/</span>   (for <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/nomen#Latin" title="nomen">nōmen</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈnoː.mi.nis/</span>   (for <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/nominis#Latin" title="nominis">nōminis</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other</b>: ˈ ˌ ː .</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IPA_resources">IPA resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: IPA resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key" title="Wiktionary:IPA pronunciation key">Wiktionary:IPA pronunciation key</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation" class="extiw" title="w:Latin spelling and pronunciation">w:Latin spelling and pronunciation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Allen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_1-5">1.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Allen, W. Sidney (<span class="None" lang="und">1978</span>) <cite>Vox Latina</cite>, 2nd edition</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&oldid=82633540">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Latin_pronunciation&oldid=82633540</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_appendices" title="Category:Latin appendices">Latin appendices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pronunciation_by_language" title="Category:Pronunciation by language">Pronunciation by language</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wiktionary_pages_with_shortcuts" title="Category:Wiktionary pages with shortcuts">Wiktionary pages with shortcuts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 11:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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