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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Caracteristici_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristici_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Caracteristici fizice </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caracteristici_fizice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Caracteristici fizice subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Caracteristici_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compoziție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compoziție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Compoziție </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compoziție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masă_și_dimensiune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masă_și_dimensiune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Masă și dimensiune </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masă_și_dimensiune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_internă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_internă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Structura internă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structura_internă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosferă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosferă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Atmosferă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosferă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Straturi_de_nori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straturi_de_nori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Straturi de nori </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straturi_de_nori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marea_Pată_Roșie_și_alte_furtuni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marea_Pată_Roșie_și_alte_furtuni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Marea Pată Roșie și alte furtuni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marea_Pată_Roșie_și_alte_furtuni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetosferă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetosferă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Magnetosferă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetosferă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbită_și_rotație" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbită_și_rotație"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Orbită și rotație </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbită_și_rotație-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoricul_cercetării_și_explorării" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoricul_cercetării_și_explorării"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Istoricul cercetării și explorării </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istoricul_cercetării_și_explorării-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Istoricul cercetării și explorării subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Istoricul_cercetării_și_explorării-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cercetare_pre-telescopică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cercetare_pre-telescopică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Cercetare pre-telescopică </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cercetare_pre-telescopică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observații_telescopice_terestre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observații_telescopice_terestre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Observații telescopice terestre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observații_telescopice_terestre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cercetarea_cu_radiotelescopul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cercetarea_cu_radiotelescopul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Cercetarea cu radiotelescopul </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cercetarea_cu_radiotelescopul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explorare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explorare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Explorare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explorare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Misiuni_de_survol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiuni_de_survol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Misiuni de survol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiuni_de_survol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiunea_Galileo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiunea_Galileo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Misiunea Galileo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiunea_Galileo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiunea_Juno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiunea_Juno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Misiunea Juno </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiunea_Juno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiuni_viitoare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiuni_viitoare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Misiuni viitoare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiuni_viitoare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misiuni_anulate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misiuni_anulate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.5 Misiuni anulate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misiuni_anulate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sateliți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sateliți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Sateliți </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sateliți-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sateliți subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sateliți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sateliții_galileeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sateliții_galileeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sateliții galileeni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sateliții_galileeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Clasificare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inele_planetare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inele_planetare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Inele planetare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inele_planetare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interacțiunea_cu_Sistemul_Solar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interacțiunea_cu_Sistemul_Solar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Interacțiunea cu Sistemul Solar </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interacțiunea_cu_Sistemul_Solar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Interacțiunea cu Sistemul Solar subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Interacțiunea_cu_Sistemul_Solar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coliziuni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coliziuni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Coliziuni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coliziuni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Referințe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legături externe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Vezi și </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Comută cuprinsul </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jupiter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 236 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-236" aria-hidden="true" > 236 limbi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Planet)" title="Jupiter (Planet) – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jupiter (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%81%E1%8D%92%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ጁፒተር – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጁፒተር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupiter_(planeta)" title="Chupiter (planeta) – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chupiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eunor_(tungol)" title="Þunor (tungol) – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þunor (tungol)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupita" title="Jupita – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jupita" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="ब्रेस्पति ग्रह – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ब्रेस्पति ग्रह" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="المشتري – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المشتري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جوپيتر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جوپيتر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%89" title="المشترى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المشترى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="বৃহস্পতি গ্ৰহ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৃহস্পতি গ্ৰহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%BApiter_(planeta)" title="Xúpiter (planeta) – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xúpiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almuz" title="Almuz – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Almuz" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बृहस्पति ग्रह – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बृहस्पति ग्रह" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter_(planet)" title="Yupiter (planet) – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yupiter (planet)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="موشتری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موشتری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Planet)" title="Jupiter (Planet) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jupiter (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jop%C4%97teris" title="Jopėteris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jopėteris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupiter" title="Hupiter – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hupiter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Юпітэр (планета) – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Юпітэр (планета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Юпітэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Юпітэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustari" title="Mustari – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mustari" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Юпитер (планета) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юпитер (планета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बृहस्पति ग्रह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बृहस्पति ग्रह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="বৃহস্পতি গ্রহ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৃহস্পতি গ্রহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕུར་བུ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕུར་བུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaou_(planedenn)" title="Yaou (planedenn) – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yaou (planedenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8D_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Пүрбэ (гараг) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Пүрбэ (гараг)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(planeta)" title="Júpiter (planeta) – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Júpiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%ADk-s%C4%ADng" title="Mŭk-sĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mŭk-sĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupiter" title="Hupiter – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hupiter" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%93" title="ᏧᏈᏓ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏈᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ھورمز – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھورمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%E1%92%AA%E1%93%AF%E1%93%88%E1%93%B1%E1%90%8A%E1%90%A7%E1%91%96%E1%95%81" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᒪᓯᓈᓱᐊᐧᑖᕁ – cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᒪᓯᓈᓱᐊᐧᑖᕁ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="cree" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C5%9Fteri" title="Müşteri – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Müşteri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeta)" title="Jupiter (planeta) – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jupiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%EA%99%97" title="Диꙗ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Диꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iau_(planed)" title="Iau (planed) – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iau (planed)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" title="Jupiter (planet) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jupiter (planet)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Planet)" title="Jupiter (Planet) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jupiter (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बृहस्पतिग्रह – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बृहस्पतिग्रह" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4" title="ཕུར་པུ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕུར་པུ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Δίας (πλανήτης) – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίας (πλανήτης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B2bia" title="Żòbia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Żòbia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupitero_(planedo)" title="Jupitero (planedo) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jupitero (planedo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(planeta)" title="Júpiter (planeta) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Júpiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiti_(praneta)" title="Júpiti (praneta) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Júpiti (praneta)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="مشتری (سیاره) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشتری (سیاره)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupit%C3%B5r_(hod%27ot%C3%A4ht)" title="Jupitõr (hod'otäht) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jupitõr (hod'otäht)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Jupiter (planète) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jupiter (planète)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupit%C3%A8r_(plan%C3%A8ta)" title="Jupitèr (planèta) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jupitèr (planèta)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)" title="Jupiter (planeet) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jupiter (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BApatar_(pl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)" title="Iúpatar (pláinéad) – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iúpatar (pláinéad)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="木星" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Jupiter (planèt) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jupiter (planèt)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Bliogh" title="Am Bliogh – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Bliogh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%BApiter" title="Xúpiter – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xúpiter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8A%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مۊشتري – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مۊشتري" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BApiter" title="Húpiter – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Húpiter" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9)" title="ગુરુ (ગ્રહ) – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગુરુ (ગ્રહ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupita" title="Jupita – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Jupita" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muk-s%C3%AAn" title="Muk-sên – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muk-sên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CA%BB%C4%81wela" title="Kaʻāwela – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kaʻāwela" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7_(%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA)" title="צדק (כוכב לכת) – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צדק (כוכב לכת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="बृहस्पति (ग्रह) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बृहस्पति (ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahaspati" title="Brahaspati – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Brahaspati" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jipit%C3%A8_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Jipitè (planèt) – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jipitè (planèt)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Յուպիտեր (մոլորակ) – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յուպիտեր (մոլորակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3" title="Լուսնթագ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լուսնթագ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeta)" title="Jupiter (planeta) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jupiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jove" title="Jove – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jove" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupiter" title="Hupiter – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hupiter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupitero" title="Jupitero – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jupitero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAp%C3%ADter_(reikistjarna)" title="Júpíter (reikistjarna) – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júpíter (reikistjarna)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giove_(astronomia)" title="Giove (astronomia) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giove (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/iupiter" title="iupiter – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="iupiter" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იუპიტერი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იუპიტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siipit%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9" title="Siipitɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siipitɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupita" title="Jupita – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Jupita" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbula" title="Sumbula – congoleză" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Sumbula" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congoleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupita" title="Jupita – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jupita" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9F%8D" title="ភពព្រហស្បតិ៍ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភពព្រហស្បតិ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81_(%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9)" title="ಗುರು (ಗ್ರಹ) – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರು (ಗ್ರಹ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%84%B1" title="목성 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_(%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%9B%DB%81%D9%8F%D8%AF)" title="گورو (گرٛہُد) – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گورو (گرٛہُد)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juppitter_(Planneet)" title="Juppitter (Planneet) – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Juppitter (Planneet)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber%C3%A7%C3%AEs" title="Berçîs – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Berçîs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yow_(planet)" title="Yow (planet) – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yow (planet)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iuppiter_(planeta)" title="Iuppiter (planeta) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iuppiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Plan%C3%A9it)" title="Jupiter (Planéit) – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jupiter (Planéit)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)" title="Jupiter (planeet) – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jupiter (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%B2ve_(astronomia)" title="Giòve (astronomia) – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giòve (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iupiter" title="Iupiter – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iupiter" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%B6_(pianeta)" title="Giö (pianeta) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giö (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupit%C3%A9" title="Jupité – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Jupité" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ດາວພະຫັດ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດາວພະຫັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiteris_(planeta)" title="Jupiteris (planeta) – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jupiteris (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiters_(plan%C4%93ta)" title="Jupiters (planēta) – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jupiters (planēta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Юпитерь (шары тяште) – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Юпитерь (шары тяште)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jopitera_(planeta)" title="Jopitera (planeta) – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jopitera (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Јупитер – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јупитер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാഴം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാഴം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Бархасбадь – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бархасбадь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯁꯀꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ ꯊꯄꯤ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯀꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ ꯊꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="गुरू ग्रह – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरू ग्रह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musytari" title="Musytari – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Musytari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ove_(pjaneta)" title="Ġove (pjaneta) – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġove (pjaneta)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(planeta)" title="Júpiter (planeta) – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Júpiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="ကြာသပတေးဂြိုဟ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြာသပတေးဂြိုဟ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مشتری – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مشتری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C4%93yitzitzimic%C4%ABtlalli" title="Huēyitzitzimicītlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Huēyitzitzimicītlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giove" title="Giove – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giove" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Planet)" title="Jupiter (Planet) – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jupiter (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)" title="Jupiter (planeet) – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jupiter (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बृहस्पति ग्रह – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बृहस्पति ग्रह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="सिँनगु – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिँनगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)" title="Jupiter (planeet) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jupiter (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeten_Jupiter" title="Planeten Jupiter – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Planeten Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupitere_(planete)" title="Jupitere (planete) – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jupitere (planete)" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%AC" title="ߝߌ߲߬ߕߐ߲߬ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߌ߲߬ߕߐ߲߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ADbitoo" title="Jíbitoo – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Jíbitoo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupit%C3%A8r_(planeta)" title="Jupitèr (planeta) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jupitèr (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juupitaar" title="Juupitaar – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Juupitaar" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ବୃହସ୍ପତି – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୃହସ୍ପତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6)" title="Юпитер (планетæ) – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Юпитер (планетæ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF)" title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BApiteru" title="Húpiteru – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Húpiteru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupita" title="Jupita – pidgin nigerian" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Jupita" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nigerian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(Planet)" title="Jupiter (Planet) – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Jupiter (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowisz" title="Jowisz – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jowisz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieuv_(pianeta)" title="Gieuv (pianeta) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gieuv (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مشتری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشتری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مشتري – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مشتري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(planeta)" title="Júpiter (planeta) – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Júpiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirwa" title="Pirwa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pirwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" title="Jupiter (planet) – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jupiter (planet)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuror" title="Kuror – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kuror" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Юпітер (планета) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Юпітер (планета)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83" title="गुरुग्रहः – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरुग्रहः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giove_(praneta)" title="Giove (praneta) – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giove (praneta)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovi_(pianeta)" title="Giovi (pianeta) – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giovi (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مشتري – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مشتري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adanbala" title="Adanbala – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Adanbala" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයා – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhenekeratsvimborume" title="Vhenekeratsvimborume – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vhenekeratsvimborume" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirjeex" title="Cirjeex – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cirjeex" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiteri" title="Jupiteri – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jupiteri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Јупитер – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јупитер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mshtarii" title="Mshtarii – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mshtarii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowisz" title="Jowisz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jowisz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="வியாழன் (கோள்) – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வியாழன் (கோள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="గురుడు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గురుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Муштарӣ (сайёра) – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муштарӣ (сайёра)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ดาวพฤหัสบดี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวพฤหัสบดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dupiter" title="Ýupiter – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýupiter" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupiter_(planeta)" title="Hupiter (planeta) – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hupiter (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCpiter" title="Jüpiter – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jüpiter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Юпитер (планета) – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Юпитер (планета)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanya_la_Themba" title="Chanya la Themba – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chanya la Themba" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Юпитер" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%87%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1" title="يۇپىتېر – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يۇپىتېر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Юпітер (планета) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юпітер (планета)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مشتری – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشتری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zove_(astronomia)" title="Zove (astronomia) – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zove (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jupiter" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_M%E1%BB%99c" title="Sao Mộc – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao Mộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planete)" title="Jupiter (planete) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Jupiter (planete)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupit%C3%A4r" title="Yupitär – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yupitär" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djupiter_(planete)" title="Djupiter (planete) – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djupiter (planete)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupiter" title="Hupiter – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hupiter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupiter" title="Yupiter – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yupiter" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Юпитер һариг – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Юпитер һариг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJupiter_(i-astronomy)" title="IJupiter (i-astronomy) – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJupiter (i-astronomy)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90)" title="დია (პლანეტა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დია (პლანეტა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="יופיטער – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יופיטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAp%C3%ADt%C3%A9r%C3%AC" title="Júpítérì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Júpítérì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaundeiqfaex" title="Ndaundeiqfaex – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndaundeiqfaex" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planete)" title="Jupiter (planete) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jupiter (planete)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴷⴰⵏⴱⴰⵍⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E6%98%9F" title="歲星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="歲星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%CC%8Dk-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="Bo̍k-chheⁿ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bo̍k-chheⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Jupiter&id=16407583&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini">Citează acest articol</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJupiter">Obține URL scurtat</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJupiter">Descărcați codul QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jupiter">Creare carte</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jupiter&action=show-download-screen">Descărcare ca PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p">Versiune de tipărit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jupiter" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sistemul_solar/Jupiter" hreflang="ro">Wikimanuale</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g">Element Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jupiter (dezambiguizare)">Jupiter (dezambiguizare)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; border-collapse:collapse"><caption class="" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><big>Jupiter</big> <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♃"><img alt="♃" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Jupiter_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></caption> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg/220px-Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg/330px-Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg/440px-Jupiter_and_its_shrunken_Great_Red_Spot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="940" /></a> Jupiter în culori naturale, aprilie 2014<a href="#cite_note-caption-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #F5DEB3">Caracteristicile orbitei</th></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Afeliu</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">816,62 milioane km</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Periheliu</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">740,52 milioane km</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Axa semimajoră</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">778,57 milioane km</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">Excentricitate</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,0489</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">Per.orbitală</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">11,862 ani 4332,59 zile 1.0475,8 zile solare ioviene<a href="#cite_note-planet_years-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică">Per.sinodică</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">398,88 zile</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Vitez%C4%83_orbital%C4%83" title="Viteză orbitală">Viteză orbitală</a> medie</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">13,07 km/s</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Anomalie_medie" title="Anomalie medie">Anomalie medie</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">20,020° <a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclina%C8%9Bie_orbital%C4%83" title="Înclinație orbitală">Înclinație orbitală</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">1,303° față de <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic%C4%83" title="Ecliptică">planul eliptic</a><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3">[2]</a> 6,09° față de ecuatorul Soarelui<a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3">[2]</a> 0,32° față de planul invariabil<a href="#cite_note-meanplane-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Longitudinea_nodului_ascendent" title="Longitudinea nodului ascendent">Longitudinea nodului ascendent</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">100,464°</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Argumentul_periastrului" title="Argumentul periastrului">Argumentul periastrului</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">273,867° <a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Satelit_natural" title="Satelit natural">Sateliți</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">67</a> (în 2018)<a href="#cite_note-67moons-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #F5DEB3">Caracteristici fizice<a href="#cite_note-fact-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seidelmann_Archinal_A'hearn_et_al._2007-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-PS15-8">[7]</a></th></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Raza medie</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">69.911 km</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Raza ecuatorială</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">71.492 km <a href="#cite_note-1bar-9">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Raza polară</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">66.854 km</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Aplatizare" title="Aplatizare">Aplatizare</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,06487</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Suprafață</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">6,1419×1010 km2 <a href="#cite_note-1bar-9">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasafact-10">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Volum</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">1,4313×1015 km3 <a href="#cite_note-1bar-9">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Masă</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">1,8982×1027 kg</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Densitatea medie</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">1.326 kg/m3<a href="#cite_note-1bar_b-11">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Gravitația de suprafață</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">24,79 m/s2 <a href="#cite_note-1bar-9">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Viteza_de_eliberare" class="mw-redirect" title="Viteza de eliberare">Viteza de eliberare</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">59,5 km/s <a href="#cite_note-1bar-9">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_de_rota%C8%9Bie" title="Perioadă de rotație">Per.de rotație</a> siderală</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">9,925 ore <a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> (9 h 55 m 30 s)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Viteză de rotație ecuatorială</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">12,6 km/s (45.000 km/h)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclinare_axial%C4%83" title="Înclinare axială">Înclinare axială</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">3,13° (față de orbită)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Ascensie_dreapt%C4%83" title="Ascensie dreaptă">Ascensie dreaptă</a> pol nord</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">268,057°; 17h 52m 14s</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Declina%C8%9Bie" title="Declinație">Declinație</a> pol nord</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">64,495°</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,503 (Bond) <a href="#cite_note-Li_et_al-13">[10]</a> 0,538 (<a href="/wiki/Albedo_geometric" title="Albedo geometric">geometric</a>) <a href="#cite_note-Mallama_et_al-14">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Temperatură</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">min. 165 K (−108 °C)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă">Magnitudine aparentă</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">−2,94<a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-15">[12]</a> − 1,66<a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-15">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Diametru_unghiular" title="Diametru unghiular">Diametru unghiular</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">29,8" la 50,1"</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #F5DEB3">Compoziție atmosferică</th></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">89% ± 2,0%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">10% ± 2,0%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metan</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,3% ± 1,0%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Amoniac" title="Amoniac">Amoniac</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,026% ± 0,004%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px">Hidrogen deuterid</th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,0028% ± 0,001%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">Etan</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,0006% ± 0,0002%</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:2px"><a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">Apă</a></th><td class="" style="padding:2px">0,0004% ± 0,0004%</td></tr> </tbody></table> Jupiter este a cincea <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">planetă</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soare</a> și cea mai mare din <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemul Solar">Sistemul Solar</a>. Este un <a href="/wiki/Gigant_gazos" title="Gigant gazos">gigant gazos</a> cu o masă de o miime din cea a Soarelui, dar de două ori și jumătate decât masa totală a tuturor celorlalte planete din Sistemul Solar. Jupiter este unul dintre cele mai strălucitoare obiecte vizibile cu ochiul liber pe cerul nopții și a fost cunoscut civilizațiilor antice încă de pe vremea istoriei înregistrate. Este numit după zeul roman <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(zeu)" title="Jupiter (zeu)">Jupiter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> Când este privit de pe <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământ</a>, Jupiter poate fi suficient de luminos pentru ca lumina sa reflectată să arunce umbre,<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> și este în medie cel de-al treilea obiect natural ca strălucire pe cerul nopții după <a href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Lună">Lună</a> și <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Venus" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Venus">Venus</a>. Jupiter este formată din trei sferturi de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> și un sfert din <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">heliu</a>. Poate avea un nucleu stâncos din elemente mai grele,<a href="#cite_note-coreuncertainty-18">[15]</a>dar la fel ca celelalte planete gigante, lui Jupiter îi lipsește o suprafață solidă bine definită. Datorită rotației sale rapide, forma planetei este cea a unui elipsoid de rotație (mai turtit la poli și mai bombat la ecuator). Atmosfera exterioară este vizibil segregată în mai multe benzi la latitudini diferite, rezultând turbulențe și furtuni de-a lungul granițelor lor de interacțiune. Cel mai cunoscut detaliu al suprafeței sale este <a href="/wiki/Marea_Pat%C4%83_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Marea Pată Roșie">Marea Pată Roșie</a> descoperită în secolul al XVII-lea cu un <a href="/wiki/Telescop" title="Telescop">telescop</a>, care este un anticiclon cu diametrul mai mare decât diametrul Pământului. Planeta are <a href="/wiki/Inel_planetar" title="Inel planetar">inele</a> greu vizibile și o <a href="/wiki/Magnetosfer%C4%83" title="Magnetosferă">magnetosferă</a> puternică. Jupiter are <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">95 de sateliți cunoscuți</a>, printre care se numără cei patru <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">sateliți galileeni</a> descoperiți de <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> în 1610. <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a>, cel mai mare dintre aceștia, are un diametru mai mare decât planeta <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" title="Mercur (planetă)">Mercur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a> a fost prima navă spațială care a vizitat Jupiter, apropiindu-se cel mai mult de planetă la 4 decembrie 1973; aproximativ un an mai târziu a urmat <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> a vizitat planeta în primăvara anului 1979, urmat de <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> în luna iulie a aceluiași an. Sonda spațială <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Galileo (sondă spațială)">Galileo</a> a ajuns la Jupiter în 1995.<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> La sfârșitul lunii februarie 2007, Jupiter a fost vizitat de sonda <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a>, care a folosit gravitația lui Jupiter pentru a-și crește viteza și s-a îndreptat spre <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(planet%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluto (planetă)">Pluto</a>. Cea mai recentă sondă care vizitează Jupiter este <a href="/wiki/Juno_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Juno (navă spațială)">Juno</a>, care a intrat pe orbită în jurul planetei la 4 iulie 2016.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20160705-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20160630-21">[18]</a> Printre viitoarele ținte pentru explorarea sistemul jupiterian se numără satelitul său <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a>, pentru oceanul lichid acoperit cu gheață. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caracteristici_fizice">Caracteristici fizice</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici fizice">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Jupiter este compus în principal din materii gazoase și lichide. Este cea mai mare planetă din Sistemul Solar, cu un diametru ecuatorial de 142.984 km. Densitatea medie a lui Jupiter, 1.326 g/cm3, este a doua densitate ca mărime printre planetele gigantice, dar mai mică decât densitatea celor patru planete telurice. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compoziție">Compoziție</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compoziție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Compoziție">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Volumul atmosferei lui Jupiter este format din aproximativ 88-92% <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> și 8-12% <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">heliu</a>. Un atom de heliu are de aproximativ patru ori mai multă masă decât un atom de hidrogen, astfel încât compoziția calculată în funcție de ponderea de masă a diferitelor substanțe din atmosferă este diferită. Astfel, în ceea ce privește masa, atmosfera lui Jupiter este formată din aproximativ 75% hidrogen și 24% heliu, aproximativ 1% sunt alte componente. Atmosfera conține urme de <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a>, vapori de apă, <a href="/wiki/Amoniac" title="Amoniac">amoniac</a> și compuși pe bază de <a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">siliciu</a>. Există, de asemenea, urme de <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">etan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfurat" title="Hidrogen sulfurat">hidrogen sulfurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfin%C4%83" title="Fosfină">fosfină</a> și <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulf</a>. Stratul cel mai exterior al atmosferei conține amoniac sub formă de cristale. Observațiile în <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> au confirmat prezența unor urme de <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a> și alte <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrocarburi">hidrocarburi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> Interiorul conține materiale mai dense — în funcție de masă este aproximativ 71% hidrogen, 24% heliu și 5% alte elemente.<a href="#cite_note-voyager-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-cassini-24">[21]</a> Proporțiile atmosferice de hidrogen și heliu sunt apropiate de compoziția teoretică a <a href="/wiki/Nebuloas%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Nebuloasă solară">nebuloasei solare</a> primordiale. Neonul din atmosfera superioară are o concentrație de masă de 20 ppm, ceea ce reprezintă aproximativ o zecime din cea găsită la <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> Atmosfera este, de asemenea, puțin mai săracă în heliu - conține aproximativ 80% din compoziția de heliu a Soarelui. Reducerea conținutului său poate fi rezultatul condensului și al precipitațiilor de heliu în straturile sale mai profunde.<a href="#cite_note-galileo_ms-26">[23]</a> Studiile <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopice</a> arată că <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Saturn" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Saturn">Saturn</a> are o compoziție similară cu Jupiter, dar celelalte planete gigant, <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Uranus">Uranus</a> și <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Neptun" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Neptun">Neptun</a>, conțin mult mai puțin hidrogen și heliu și relativ mai multe substanțe volatile.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masă_și_dimensiune">Masă și dimensiune</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Masă și dimensiune" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Masă și dimensiune">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter,_Earth_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg/220px-Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg/330px-Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg/440px-Jupiter%2C_Earth_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2571" /></a><figcaption>Comparație între dimensiunea lui Jupiter (într-o imagine realizată de nava spațială <a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini</a>) și Pământ.</figcaption></figure> Masa lui Jupiter este de 2,5 ori mai mare decât masa totală a tuturor celorlalte planete din Sistemul Solar. Este atât de masivă încât baricentrul său cu Soarele (punctul în jurul căruia cele două corpuri se rotesc, centrul de greutate al sistemului) este situat deasupra suprafeței solare, la 1,068 raze solare de centrul astrului.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Diametrul lui Jupiter este de 11 ori mai mare decât Pământul, dar are o densitate mult mai mică. Volumul lui Jupiter este de 1,321 de ori mai mare decât volumul Pământului, iar masa sa de 318 ori mai mare decât masa Pământului.<a href="#cite_note-fact-6">[5]</a> Raza lui Jupiter este de aproximativ 1/10 din raza Soarelui,<a href="#cite_note-shu82-29">[26]</a> iar masa sa este de 0,001 ori mai mare decât a Soarelui, deci densitățile celor două corpuri sunt similare.<a href="#cite_note-davis_turekian05-30">[27]</a> O „masă Jupiter” (MJ sau MJUP) este adesea folosită ca unitate pentru determinarea masei altor obiecte, în special a <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet%C4%83" title="Exoplanetă">planetelor extrasolare</a> și a <a href="/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_cenu%C8%99ie" title="Pitică cenușie">piticelor cenușii</a>. De exemplu, planeta HD 209458 b are o masă de 0,69 MJ, în timp ce Kappa Andromedae b are o masă de 12,8 MJ.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> Modelele teoretice indică faptul că, dacă Jupiter ar avea mult mai multă masă decât în prezent, s-ar micșora.<a href="#cite_note-Seager2007-32">[29]</a> Pentru mici modificări de masă, raza nu s-ar schimba în mod apreciabil, iar peste 500 M⊕ (1,6 mase Jupiter)<a href="#cite_note-Seager2007-32">[29]</a> interiorul ar deveni mult mai comprimat sub presiunea crescută, încât volumul său ar scădea în ciuda creșterii cantității de materie. Din acest motiv, se crede că Jupiter este o planetă cu diametrul maxim pe care un corp cu o astfel de compoziție și evoluție îl poate atinge.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> Unele planete extrasolare au diametre mai mari, dar sunt corpuri mult mai apropiate de stelele lor; dimensiunile mai mari sunt rezultatul unei temperaturi mult mai mari. Procesul de contracție suplimentară pe măsură ce masa crește continuă până când reacțiile de fuziune se aprind, ceea ce poate apărea în cazul unei pitice cenușii cu o masă de aproximativ 50 de mase Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-tristan286-34">[31]</a> Din acest motiv, unii astronomi numesc Jupiter o „stea eșuată”, deși nu este clar dacă procesele asociate cu formarea planetelor, cum ar fi Jupiter, sunt similare cu formarea mai multor sisteme stelare. Deși Jupiter ar trebui să fie de aproximativ 75 de ori mai masivă pentru a fuziona hidrogenul și a deveni o <a href="/wiki/Stea" title="Stea">stea</a>, cea mai mică <a href="/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_ro%C8%99ie" title="Pitică roșie">pitică roșie</a> are o rază cu doar aproximativ 30% mai mare decât Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> În ciuda lipsei reacțiilor termonucleare din interior, Jupiter radiază încă mai multă căldură decât primește de la Soare; cantitatea de căldură produsă în interiorul acesteia este similară cu radiația solară totală pe care o primește.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Această radiație suplimentară este generată conform mecanismului Kelvin–Helmholtz prin contracție adiabatică. În urma acestui proces, Jupiter se micșorează cu aproximativ 3 cm pe an.<a href="#cite_note-guillot04-38">[35]</a> După formare, Jupiter era mult mai fierbinte și avea aproximativ de două ori diametrul său actual.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structura_internă">Structura internă</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura internă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Structura internă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_interior.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter_interior.png/200px-Jupiter_interior.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter_interior.png/300px-Jupiter_interior.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter_interior.png/400px-Jupiter_interior.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Model de structură internă a lui Jupiter, cu un nucleu stâncos înconjurat de un strat de hidrogen metalic </figcaption></figure> Se crede că Jupiter este format dintr-un nucleu dens care conține diverse elemente, înconjurat de un strat de hidrogen metalic lichid cu adăugare de heliu, care se extinde spre exterior la aproximativ 78% din raza planetei,<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> și un strat exterior care constă în principal din hidrogen molecular.<a href="#cite_note-guillot04-38">[35]</a> În afară de acest contur general, structura interioară nu este cunoscută. Misiunea <a href="/wiki/Juno_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Juno (navă spațială)">Juno</a>, care a ajuns în iulie 2016,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20160705-20">[17]</a> a descoperit că Jupiter are un miez foarte difuz, amestecat în manta.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> O posibilă cauză este un impact cu o planetă de aproximativ zece mase de Pământ la câteva milioane de ani după formarea lui Jupiter, care ar fi perturbat un nucleu jovian inițial solid.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-nature2019-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-nature2019_2-43">[40]</a> Deasupra stratului de hidrogen metalic se află o atmosferă interioară transparentă de hidrogen. La această adâncime, presiunea este deasupra presiunii critice a hidrogenului de 1,2858 MPa și temperatura deasupra temperaturii critice de numai 32,938 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> În această stare, nu există o limită clară între diferite faze de hidrogen (lichid, gazos) - se spune că hidrogenul se află într-o stare fluidă supercritică. Este convenabil să tratăm hidrogenul drept gazul care se extinde în jos de la stratul de nor până la o adâncime de aproximativ 1.000 km,<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> și ca lichid în straturi mai adânci. Fizic, nu există o graniță clară - gazul devine mai cald și mai dens pe măsură ce coboară.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-lang03-46">[43]</a> Picăturile sub formă de ploaie de heliu și neon se precipită în jos prin atmosfera inferioară, epuizând abundența acestor elemente în atmosfera superioară.<a href="#cite_note-galileo_ms-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> Conform mecanismului Kelvin-Helmholtz, temperatura și presiunea din Jupiter cresc constant. La nivelul presiunii de 10 <a href="/wiki/Bar" title="Bar">bari</a> (1 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate_de_m%C4%83sur%C4%83)" title="Pascal (unitate de măsură)">MPa</a>), temperatura este în jur de 340 K (67 °C). În regiunea fază de tranziție în care hidrogenul - încălzit dincolo de punctul său critic - devine metalic, se calculează că temperatura este de 10.000 K (9.700 °C), iar presiunea este de 200 GPa. Temperatura la limita nucleului este estimată la 36.000 K (35.700 °C), iar presiunea interioară este de aproximativ 3.000-4.500 GPa.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atmosferă">Atmosferă</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Atmosferă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Atmosferă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_lui_Jupiter" title="Atmosfera lui Jupiter">Atmosfera lui Jupiter</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> Jupiter are cea mai mare atmosferă planetară din <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemul Solar">Sistemul Solar</a>, care se întinde pe o altitudine de 5.000 km.<a href="#cite_note-Sieff-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Aylward_Millward-49">[46]</a> Deoarece Jupiter nu are suprafață, baza atmosferei sale este de obicei considerată a fi punctul în care presiunea atmosferică este egală cu 100 kPa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Straturi_de_nori">Straturi de nori</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Straturi de nori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Straturi de nori">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Map_of_Jupiter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Jupiter.jpg/174px-Map_of_Jupiter.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Jupiter.jpg/261px-Map_of_Jupiter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Jupiter.jpg/348px-Map_of_Jupiter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2231" data-file-height="2266" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vedere asupra polului sud al lui Jupiter</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg/160px-PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg/240px-PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg/320px-PIA21641-Jupiter-SouthernStorms-JunoCam-20170525.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="2915" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vizualizare în culori îmbunătățite a furtunilor din sudul lui Jupiter</div></div></div></div></div> Jupiter este acoperit perpetuu cu nori compuși din cristale de amoniac și posibil hidrosulfură de amoniu. Norii sunt localizați în <a href="/wiki/Tropopauz%C4%83" title="Tropopauză">tropopauză</a> și sunt aranjați în benzi de diferite latitudini, cunoscute sub numele de regiuni tropicale. Acestea sunt sub-împărțite în zone cu nuanțe mai deschise și centuri mai închise. Interacțiunile acestor structuri provoacă furtuni și turbulențe. Viteza vântului în aceste regiuni atinge adesea 100 m/s (360 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> S-a observat că zonele variază pe lățime, culoare și intensitate de la an la an, dar au rămas suficient de stabile pentru ca oamenii de știință să le ofere denumiri de identificare.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-51">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg/150px-PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg/225px-PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg/300px-PIA21973-AboveTheCloudsOfJupiter-JunoSpacecraft-20171216.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Norii lui Jupiter, (<a href="/wiki/Juno_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Juno (navă spațială)">Juno</a>; decembrie 2017)</figcaption></figure> Stratul de nori are o adâncimea de aproximativ 50 km și constă din cel puțin două punți de nori: o punte inferioară groasă și o regiune mai clară. De asemenea, poate exista un strat subțire de nori de apă care stau la baza stratului de amoniac. Acest strat este evidențiat prin sclipiri de fulgere detectate în atmosfera lui Jupiter. Descărcările electrice pot fi de până la o mie de ori mai puternice decât fulgerele de pe Pământ.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> Se presupune că norii de apă generează furtuni la fel ca furtunile terestre, conduse de aportul de căldură din interiorul planetei.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Culoarea portocalie și maro a norilor lui Jupiter este cauzată de compuși care își schimbă culoarea atunci când sunt expuși la lumina ultravioletă de la Soare. Compoziția lor exactă rămâne necunoscută, dar se crede că substanțele sunt: <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulf</a> și eventual hidrocarburi.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> Acești compuși colorați, cunoscuți sub numele de cromofori, se amestecă cu puntea de nori mai caldă și inferioară. Zonele luminoase apar când mișcarea în sus în interiorul celulelor convective provoacă cristalizarea amoniacului, ale cărui cristale acoperă norii inferiori.<a href="#cite_note-worldbook-55">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclinarea_axial%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Înclinarea axială">Înclinarea axială</a> scăzută a lui Jupiter înseamnă că polii primesc constant mai puțin radiații solare decât în regiunea ecuatorială a planetei. În același timp, convecția din interiorul planetei transportă mai multă energie către poli, echilibrând temperaturile la nivelul stratului de nori.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marea_Pată_Roșie_și_alte_furtuni">Marea Pată Roșie și alte furtuni</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Marea Pată Roșie și alte furtuni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Marea Pată Roșie și alte furtuni">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif/220px-790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif/330px-790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/790106-0203_Voyager_58M_to_31M_reduced.gif 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Secvență din abordarea lui Voyager 1, care arată mișcarea benzilor atmosferice și circulația Marii Pete Roșii. Înregistrat pe parcursul a 32 de zile cu o fotografie făcută la fiecare 10 ore (o zi joviană). Consultați <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_from_Voyager_1_PIA02855_max_quality.ogv" title="Fișier:Jupiter from Voyager 1 PIA02855 max quality.ogv">video de dimensiuni mari</a>.</figcaption></figure> Cea mai cunoscută caracteristică a lui Jupiter este <a href="/wiki/Marea_Pat%C4%83_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Marea Pată Roșie">Marea Pată Roșie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20171213-56">[53]</a> o furtună anticiclonică persistentă, situată la 22° sud de ecuator, al cărei diametru este mai mare decât diametrul Pământului. Existența sa este cunoscută încă cel puțin din anul 1831,<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> probabil a fost observată încă din 1665.<a href="#cite_note-kyrala26-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> Imaginile <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" title="Telescopul spațial Hubble">Telescopului spațial Hubble</a> au arătat până la două „pete roșii” adiacente Marii Pete Roșii.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Furtuna este suficient de mare pentru a fi vizibilă prin <a href="/wiki/Telescop" title="Telescop">telescoapele</a> terestre cu o <a href="/wiki/Apertur%C4%83" title="Apertură">apertură</a> de 12 cm sau mai mare.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> Obiectul oval se rotește în sens invers acelor de ceasornic, cu o <a href="/wiki/Frecven%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Frecvență">frecvență</a> de aproximativ șase zile.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> Altitudinea maximă a acestei furtuni este de aproximativ 8 km deasupra norilor din jur.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg/220px-NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg/330px-NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg/440px-NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marea_Pat%C4%83_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Marea Pată Roșie">Marea Pată Roșie</a> este în scădere ca dimensiune (15 mai 2014).<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140515-65">[62]</a></figcaption></figure> Marea Pată Roșie este suficient de mare pentru a adăposti Pământul în limitele sale.<a href="#cite_note-sp.news20151125-66">[63]</a> Modelele matematice sugerează că furtuna este stabilă și poate fi o caracteristică permanentă a planetei.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> Cu toate acestea, a scăzut semnificativ în dimensiune de la descoperirea sa. Primele observații de la sfârșitul anilor 1800 au arătat că avea aproximativ 41.000 de km. În timpul survolurilor <a href="/wiki/Programul_Voyager" title="Programul Voyager">Voyager</a> din 1979, furtuna avea o lungime de 23.300 km și o lățime de aproximativ 13.000 km.<a href="#cite_note-Simon2015-68">[65]</a> Observațiile <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> din 1995 au arătat că a scăzut din nou în dimensiuni până la 20.950 km, iar observațiile din 2009 au arătat o dimensiune de 17.910 km. În 2015 furtuna avea aproximativ 16.500 km lungime și 10.940 km lățime,<a href="#cite_note-Simon2015-68">[65]</a> și scade în lungime cu aproximativ 930 km pe an.<a href="#cite_note-sp.news20151125-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-techtimes20151021-69">[66]</a> Furtuni precum acestea sunt comune în atmosfera turbulentă a planetelor gigantice. Jupiter are de asemenea ovale albe și ovale brune, care sunt furtuni fără nume. Ovalele albe constau de obicei din nori relativ răcoroși, situați în atmosfera superioară. Ovalele brune sunt mai calde și sunt situate în „stratul normal de nor”. Astfel de furtuni pot dura doar câteva ore sau se pot întinde timp de secole. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_(26008230898).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg/290px-Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg/435px-Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg/580px-Jupiter%27s_Great_Red_Spot_-_July_8_1979_%2826008230898%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1439" /></a><figcaption>Marea Pată Roșie</figcaption></figure> Chiar înainte ca misiunea Voyager să demonstreze că Marea Pată Roșie este un sistem de furtuni, au existau dovezi puternice că locul nu putea fi asociat cu vreun fenomen care se petrece adânc pe planetă întrucât Pata se rotește diferit față de restul atmosferei, uneori mai rapid și alteori mai lent. Ca urmare a contopirii mai multor ovale albe în anul 2000, un fenomen similar cu Marea Pată Roșie s-a format în atmosfera emisferei sudice, dar mai mic. Ovale albe care fac parte din furtună au fost observate pentru prima dată în 1938. De la înființare, a crescut în forță și și-a schimbat culoarea de la alb la roșu.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> Sistemul de furtună nou creat este denumit Oval BA sau Mica Pată Roșie. În aprilie 2017, oamenii de știință au raportat descoperirea unui „Mare Punct Rece” în termosfera lui Jupiter, la polul său nord, care are 24.000 km lungime, 12.000 km lățime și cu 200 °C mai rece decât materialul din jur. A fost descoperită de cercetătorii de la <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a> din Chile, care au căutat apoi date arhivate. Au descoperit că, în timp ce Pata își schimbă dimensiunea, forma și intensitatea pe termen scurt, aceasta și-a menținut poziția generală în atmosferă mai mult de 15 ani de date disponibile. Oamenii de știință cred că Pata este un vortex uriaș asemănător cu Marea Pată Roșie și, de asemenea, pare a fi cvasi-stabilă ca și vortexurile din termosfera Pământului. Interacțiunile dintre particulele încărcate generate de <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> și câmpul magnetic puternic al planetei au dus probabil la redistribuirea <a href="/wiki/Flux_termic" title="Flux termic">fluxului de căldură</a>, formând Pata.<a href="#cite_note-Stallard_et_Al.,_2017-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-leicester20170411-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yeager-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-thestar20170411-76">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetosferă">Magnetosferă</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Magnetosferă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Magnetosferă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetosfera_lui_Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetosfera lui Jupiter — pagină inexistentă">Magnetosfera lui Jupiter</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg/290px-Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg/435px-Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg/580px-Jupiter_magnetosphere_schematic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Reprezentarea schematică a magnetosferei lui Jupiter. Liniile de forță ale câmpului magnetic sunt indicate în turcoaz; torul materiei ionizate pe orbita lui <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> este marcat cu roșu, culoarea galbenă indică poziția norului de particule neutre care vin de pe satelit.</figcaption></figure> Câmpul magnetic al lui Jupiter este de paisprezece ori mai puternic decât cel al Pământului, variind de la 4,2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauss_(unitate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauss (unitate) — pagină inexistentă">gauss</a> (0,42 <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unitate_de_m%C4%83sur%C4%83)" title="Tesla (unitate de măsură)">mT</a>) la ecuator până la 10-14 gauss (1,0-1,4 mT) la poli, ceea ce îl face cel mai puternic din Sistemul Solar (cu excepția <a href="/wiki/Pat%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Pată solară">petelor solare</a>).<a href="#cite_note-worldbook-55">[52]</a> Se consideră că acest câmp este generat de <a href="/wiki/Curen%C8%9Bi_Foucault" title="Curenți Foucault">curenții turbionari</a> - mișcări de rotire a materialelor conductoare - în miezul de hidrogen metalic lichid. Vulcanii de pe satelitul <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> emit cantități mari de <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_sulf" title="Dioxid de sulf">dioxid de sulf</a> care formează un tor de gaz de-a lungul orbitei satelitului. Câmpul, formând o magnetosferă extinsă în afara planetei, oprește particulele ionizate ale <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2nt_solar" title="Vânt solar">vântului solar</a>. Electronii derivați din plasma prinsă în magnetosferă (comparați cu centurile Van Allen) ionizează dioxidul de sulf furnizat de activitatea vulcanică pe satelitul Io, formând un nor în formă de tor în jurul planetei. Moleculele de hidrogen din atmosfera lui Jupiter sunt de asemenea prinse în magnetosferă. Electronii din magnetosferă generează un zgomot radio care produce emisii în intervalul 0,6-30 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> La o distanță de aproximativ 75 de raze Jupiter de planetă, interacțiunea dintre magnetosferă și vântul solar creează un arc de șoc. În jurul magnetosferei lui Jupiter se află o magnetopauză. Vântul solar interacționează cu aceste regiuni, alungind magnetosfera de pe partea stângă a lui Jupiter și extinzând-o spre exterior până aproape de a ajunge pe orbita lui Saturn. Primii patru sateliți ca mărime ai lui Jupiter orbitează în interiorul magnetosferei, care îi protejează de vântul solar.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Magnetosfera Jupiter este responsabilă pentru episoadele intense de emisie radio din regiunile polare ale planetei. Activitatea vulcanică de pe Io injectează gaz în magnetosfera lui Jupiter, producând un torent de particule în jurul planetei. Mișcarea lui Io prin acest torent creează unde Alfvén care transportă materia ionizată în regiunile polare ale lui Jupiter. Ca urmare, undele radio sunt generate ca radiații ciclotronice, iar energia este transmisă de-a lungul unei suprafețe în formă de con. Când Pământul traversează acest con, intensitatea undelor radio de la Jupiter poate depăși intensitatea emisiilor solare.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbită_și_rotație">Orbită și rotație</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orbită și rotație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Orbită și rotație">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/220px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/330px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif/440px-Solar_system_orrery_outer_planets.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Orbita lui Jupiter și a altor planete exterioare ale Sistemului Solar</figcaption></figure> Jupiter este singura planetă pentru care centrul de masă al sistemului planetă-Soare este deasupra suprafeței Soarelui.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> Distanța medie dintre Jupiter și Soare este de 778 milioane km (de aproximativ 5,2 ori distanța medie dintre Pământ și Soare, sau 5,2 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_astronomic%C4%83" title="Unitate astronomică">au</a>) și completează o orbită la fiecare 11,86 ani. Perioada orbitală este de două cincimi din perioada orbitală a lui Saturn, ceea ce indică o rezonanță între cele mai mari două planete ale Sistemului Solar.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Orbita eliptică a lui Jupiter este înclinată cu 1,31° în comparație cu Pământul. Deoarece <a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">excentricitatea orbitei</a> sale este de 0,048, distanța dintre Jupiter și Soare variază cu 75 de milioane de km între perifeliu (distanța cea mai apropiată) și afeliu (distanța cea mai mare). <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclinare_axial%C4%83" title="Înclinare axială">Înclinarea axială</a> a lui Jupiter este relativ mică: doar 3,13°. În consecință, nu suferă modificări sezoniere semnificative, spre deosebire de Pământ și Marte.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Jupiter este planeta care se rotește cel mai rapid în jurul propriei sale axe dintre toate planetele Sistemului Solar - perioada sa de rotație este mai mică de zece ore. Acest lucru creează o protuberență ecuatorială care este ușor de observat de pe Pământ chiar și de un telescop amator. Planeta are forma unui sferoid turtit, ceea ce înseamnă că diametrul de-a lungul ecuatorului său este mai lung decât diametrul măsurat între poli. Pe Jupiter, diametrul ecuatorial este cu 9.275 km mai lung decât diametrul măsurat între poli.<a href="#cite_note-lang03-46">[43]</a> Deoarece Jupiter nu este un corp solid, atmosfera sa superioară suferă o rotație diferențială. Rotația atmosferei polare a lui Jupiter este cu aproximativ 5 minute mai lungă decât cea a atmosferei ecuatoriale; trei sisteme sunt utilizate drept cadre de referință. Sistemul I se aplică de la latitudinile 10 °N până la 10 °S; perioada sa este cea mai scurtă a planetei, la 9h 50m 30.0s. Sistemul II se aplică la toate latitudinile de nord și sud de acestea; perioada sa este de 9h 55m 40,6s. Sistemul III a fost definit pentru prima dată de radioastronomi și corespunde rotației magnetosferei planetei; perioada sa este rotația oficială a lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoricul_cercetării_și_explorării">Istoricul cercetării și explorării</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoricul cercetării și explorării" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Istoricul cercetării și explorării">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cercetare_pre-telescopică">Cercetare pre-telescopică</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cercetare pre-telescopică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Cercetare pre-telescopică">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Almagest-planets.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Almagest-planets.svg/220px-Almagest-planets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Almagest-planets.svg/330px-Almagest-planets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Almagest-planets.svg/440px-Almagest-planets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Model în <a href="/wiki/Almagest" class="mw-redirect" title="Almagest">Almagest</a> al mișcării longitudinale a lui Jupiter (☉) în raport cu Pământul (⊕)</figcaption></figure> Observarea lui Jupiter datează cel puțin din timpul <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_babilonian%C4%83" title="Astronomia babiloniană">astronomiei babiloniene</a> din secolul al VII-lea sau al VIII-lea î.Hr.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> Chinezii antici, de asemenea, au observat orbita lui Suìxīng (歲星) și i-au stabilit ciclul de 12 ramuri terestre; limba chineză folosește în continuare numele său (simplificat ca 岁) atunci când se referă la ani. Până în secolul al IV-lea î.Hr., aceste observații s-au dezvoltat în zodiacul chinezesc.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> Aceste credințe supraviețuiesc în unele practici religioase taoiste și în cele douăsprezece animale ale zodiacului din Asia de Est. Istoricul chinez Xi Zezong a susținut că Gan De, un astronom antic chinez, a descoperit unul din sateliții lui Jupiter în 362 î.Hr., cu ochiul liber. Dacă acest lucru este adevărat, atunci această descoperire anticipează descoperirea lui Galileo cu aproape două milenii.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Acest lucru este posibil deoarece <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">sateliții galileeni</a> pot fi văzuți cu ochiul liber în condiții favorabile, deși se sting de obicei în strălucirea lui Jupiter. În lucrarea sa din secolul al II-lea <a href="/wiki/Almagest" class="mw-redirect" title="Almagest">Almagest</a>, astronomul grec <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Ptolemaeus">Claudius Ptolemaeus</a> a construit un <a href="/wiki/Geocentrism" title="Geocentrism">model planetar geocentric</a> bazat pe deferenti și epicicluri pentru a explica mișcarea lui Jupiter în raport cu Pământul, estimând perioada orbitală în jurul Pământului ca 4332,38 zile sau 11,86 ani.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observații_telescopice_terestre">Observații telescopice terestre</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Observații telescopice terestre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Observații telescopice terestre">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/180px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/270px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/360px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, descoperitorul celor patru sateliți mari ai lui Jupiter, acum cunoscuți sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">sateliții galileeni</a>. </figcaption></figure> În 1610, astronomul italian <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> a descoperit,cu ajutorul unui telescop pe care l-a construit, patru dintre cei mai mari sateliți ai lui Jupiter (acum cunoscuți sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">sateliții galileeni</a>). Această descoperire este considerată prima observație telescopică a sateliților non-tereștri. La o zi după Galileo, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marius" title="Simon Marius">Simon Marius</a> a descoperit în mod independent sateliți în jurul lui Jupiter, deși nu și-a publicat descoperirea într-o carte până în 1614.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> Au rămas denumirile date de Marius pentru cei patru sateliți: <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a> și <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a>. Aceste descoperiri au reprezentat prima dovadă că mișcarea corpurilor cerești nu este numai în jurul Pământului. A devenit un argument important în favoarea <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">teoriei heliocentrice</a> a lui <a href="/wiki/Copernic" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernic">Copernic</a>. Sprijinul deschis al lui Galileo pentru teoria lui Copernic l-a plasat sub amenințarea <a href="/wiki/Inchizi%C8%9Bie" title="Inchiziție">Inchiziției</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> În anii 1660, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Cassini</a> a observat pete și dungi colorate pe Jupiter folosind un nou telescop și, de asemenea, a observat că planeta părea turtită; adică aplatizată la poli. De asemenea, el a fost capabil să estimeze perioada de rotație a planetei.<a href="#cite_note-cassini1-90">[87]</a> În 1690, Cassini a observat că atmosfera este supusă unei rotații diferențiale.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Este posibil ca Marea Pată Roșie, o caracteristică proeminentă în formă ovală în emisfera sudică a planetei, să fi fost observată încă din 1664 de <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> și în 1665 de Cassini, deși acest lucru este contestat. Astronomul german <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Heinrich_Schwabe" title="Samuel Heinrich Schwabe">Heinrich Schwabe</a> a produs primul desen cunoscut pentru a arăta detalii despre Marea Pată Roșie în 1831.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> Marea Pată Roșie a fost pierdută din vedere în mai multe rânduri între 1665 și 1708, înainte de a deveni destul de vizibil în 1878. A fost înregistrată ca decolorată din nou în 1883 și la începutul secolului XX.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Acest lucru ar fi putut fi rezultatul unei scăderi temporare a intensității acestui anticiclon, care se crede că dă materialul mai întunecat preluat din straturile mai adânci ale atmosferei. Atât <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli" title="Giovanni Alfonso Borelli">Giovanni Borelli</a>, cât și Cassini au realizat cu atenție tabele ale mișcărilor sateliților lui Jupiter, permițând predicțiile momentelor în care sateliții vor trece înainte sau în spatele planetei. În anii 1670, s-a observat că atunci când Jupiter se afla în partea opusă Soarelui față de Pământ, aceste evenimente aveau loc cu 17 minute mai târziu decât se aștepta. <a href="/wiki/Ole_R%C3%B8mer" title="Ole Rømer">Ole Rømer</a> a dedus că lumina nu circulă instantaneu (concluzie pe care Cassini a respins-o anterior),<a href="#cite_note-cassini-24">[21]</a> și această discrepanță de sincronizare a fost utilizată pentru a estima <a href="/wiki/Viteza_luminii" title="Viteza luminii">viteza luminii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> În 1892, <a href="/wiki/E._E._Barnard" class="mw-redirect" title="E. E. Barnard">E. E. Barnard</a> a observat un al cincilea satelit al lui Jupiter folosind un refractor de 910 mm la Observatorul Lick din California. Descoperirea acestui obiect relativ mic relativ mic, mărturie a vederii sale puternice, l-a făcut repede celebru. Mai târziu, acest satelit a fost numit <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(satelit)" title="Amalthea (satelit)">Amalthea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> A fost ultimul satelit planetar descoperit direct prin observarea vizuală.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_MAD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jupiter_MAD.jpg/220px-Jupiter_MAD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jupiter_MAD.jpg/330px-Jupiter_MAD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jupiter_MAD.jpg/440px-Jupiter_MAD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1730" /></a><figcaption>Imaginea infraroșie a lui Jupiter, realizata de <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a> al <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">ESO</a>.</figcaption></figure> În 1932, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Wildt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert Wildt — pagină inexistentă">Rupert Wildt</a> a identificat <a href="/wiki/Linii_spectrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Linii spectrale">liniile spectrale</a> ale amoniacului și metanului în spectrul lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> Au fost observate trei ovale albe în centura temperată sudică a atmosferei lui Jupiter, care sunt anticicloni puternici. Timp de câteva decenii acestea au rămas clar vizibile, apropiindu-se ocazional, dar rămânând formațiuni separate. În 1998, două dintre aceste ovale s-au contopit într-un singur sistem de furtună, care apoi a absorbit al treilea în 2000, devenind Oval BA.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cercetarea_cu_radiotelescopul">Cercetarea cu radiotelescopul</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cercetarea cu radiotelescopul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Cercetarea cu radiotelescopul">modificare sursă</a>]</div> În 1955, Bernard Burke și Kenneth Franklin au detectat emisii de semnale radio provenite de la Jupiter cu o frecvență de 22,2 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Perioada acestor emisii se potrivește cu rotația planetei și, de asemenea, ei au putut folosi aceste informații pentru a rafina rata de rotație. S-a constatat că emisiile radio de la Jupiter au două forme: emisii lungi, care durează până la câteva secunde, și emisii scurte, care au o durată mai mică de o sutime de secundă. <a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Oamenii de știință au descoperit că există trei forme de semnale radio transmise de la Jupiter. <ul><li>Emisiile radio decametrice (cu o lungime de undă de zeci de metri) variază în funcție de rotația lui Jupiter și sunt influențate de interacțiunea lui Io cu câmpul magnetic al lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a></li> <li>Emisiile radio decimetrice (cu lungimi de undă măsurate în centimetri) observate pentru prima dată de Frank Drake și Hein Hvatum în 1959.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Originea acestui semnal provenea de la o centură în formă de tor în jurul ecuatorului lui Jupiter. Acest semnal este cauzat de radiația ciclotronă de la electroni care sunt accelerați în câmpul magnetic al lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a></li> <li>Radiația termică este radiată prin atmosfera lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explorare">Explorare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Explorare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Explorare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter" title="Explorarea planetei Jupiter">Explorarea planetei Jupiter</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Din 1973, o serie de nave spațiale automatizate au vizitat Jupiter. Prima a fost <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a>, prima navă spațială care s-a apropiat suficient de Jupiter pentru a trimite înapoi date despre proprietățile și fenomenele celei mai mari planete a Sistemului Solar.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Zborurile către alte planete se efectuează în detrimentul energiei, care este adesea descrisă de parametrul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-v&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-v — pagină inexistentă">delta-v</a>, adică schimbarea vitezei nete a navei spațiale. Intrarea pe un <a href="/wiki/Transfer_orbital_Hohmann" title="Transfer orbital Hohmann">transfer orbital Hohmann</a> de pe <a href="/wiki/Orbita_joas%C4%83_a_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Orbita joasă a Pământului">orbita joasă a Pământului</a> spre Jupiter necesită o delta-v egală cu 6,3 km/s,<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> care este comparabilă cu delta-v necesară pentru a ajunge pe orbita joasă a Pământului, egală cu 9,7 km/s.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Asistența gravitațională poate fi folosită pentru zboruri interplanetare, economisind energie însă cu costul unei durate de zbor mult mai lungi.<a href="#cite_note-delta-v-105">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misiuni_de_survol">Misiuni de survol</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiuni de survol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Misiuni de survol">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Misiuni de survol </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Navă spațială </th> <th>Cea mai mare apropiere </th> <th>Distanța </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a> </td> <td>3 decembrie 1973 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">130.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a> </td> <td>4 decembrie 1974 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">34.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> </td> <td>5 martie 1979 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">349.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> </td> <td>9 iulie 1979 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">570.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Ulysses (sondă spațială)">Ulysses</a> </td> <td>8 februarie 1992<a href="#cite_note-ulysses-106">[103]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">408.894 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 februarie 2004<a href="#cite_note-ulysses-106">[103]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">120.000.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a> </td> <td>30 decembrie 2000 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">10.000.000 km </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> </td> <td>28 februarie 2007 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.304.535 km </td></tr></tbody></table> Începând cu 1973, mai multe nave spațiale au zburat în jurul planetei, apropiindu-se de o distanță convenabilă pentru observarea lui Jupiter. <a href="/wiki/Programul_Pioneer" title="Programul Pioneer">Misiunile Pioneer</a> au obținute primele imagini prim-plan cu atmosfera lui Jupiter și cu unii dintre sateliți săi. S-a constatat că radiațiile din apropierea planetei erau mult mai puternice decât se așteptau, dar ambele sonde Pioneer au reușit să supraviețuiască în acest mediu. Traiectoriile acestor nave spațiale au fost utilizate pentru a rafina estimările de masă ale sistemului jovian. Ocultarea semnalelor radio de către planetă a ajutat la determinarea mai bună a diametrului lui Jupiter și a aplatizării sale.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-cosmology_101-107">[104]</a> Șase ani mai târziu, misiunile <a href="/wiki/Programul_Voyager" title="Programul Voyager">Voyager</a> au îmbunătățit mult înțelegerea sateliților galileeni și au descoperit inelele lui Jupiter. De asemenea, ele au confirmat că Marea Pată Roșie era un imens anticiclon. Comparația de imagini a arătat că Pata Roșie și-a schimbat culoarea de la misiunile Pioneer, de la portocaliu la maro închis. De-a lungul căii orbitale a lui Io a fost descoperit un tor de atomi ionizați și pe suprafața satelitului au fost descoperite urme de erupții vulcanice; unii vulcani au fost activi chiar în timpul misiunii. În timp ce nava spațială trecea în spatele planetei, a observat fulgerări în atmosfera de noapte.<a href="#cite_note-burgess-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-voyager1-108">[105]</a> Următoarea misiune trimisă la Jupiter a fost sonda spațială Ulysses, care a folosit o manevră gravitațională lângă Jupiter pentru a ajunge pe orbită în jurul Soarelui. În timpul acestui zbor, sonda a efectuat cercetări asupra magnetosferei lui Jupiter. Ulysses nu avea camere foto, așa că nu au fost făcute imagini. Al doilea survol a avut loc șase ani mai târziu însă la o distanță mult mai mare.<a href="#cite_note-ulysses-106">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg/220px-PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg/330px-PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg/440px-PIA02879_-_A_New_Year_for_Jupiter_and_Io.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption>Cassini examinează planeta Jupiter și satelitul Io, 1 ianuarie 2001</figcaption></figure> În 2000, nava spațială Cassini a zburat lângă Jupiter în drum spre Saturn și a oferit unele dintre imaginile de cea mai înaltă rezoluție făcute vreodată planetei.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> La 19 decembrie 2000, sonda a fotografiat satelitul <a href="/wiki/Himalia_(satelit)" title="Himalia (satelit)">Himalia</a>, dar rezoluția a fost prea mică pentru a dezvălui detalii de suprafață. Sonda <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> a survolat Jupiter pentru asistență gravitațională în drum spre <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(planet%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluto (planetă)">Pluto</a>. Cea mai apropiată abordare a fost cea din 28 februarie 2007.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> Senzorii sondei au măsurat producția de plasmă de la vulcani de pe Io și au studiat în detaliu toți cei patru sateliți galileeni, și a observat de la distanță sateliții Himalia și Elara.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Fotografierea sistemului Jupiter a început la 4 septembrie 2006.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misiunea_Galileo">Misiunea Galileo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiunea Galileo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Misiunea Galileo">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Galileo (sondă spațială)">Galileo (sondă spațială)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Jupiter văzut de sonda spațială <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></figcaption></figure> Prima navă spațială care a orbitat Jupiter a fost sonda <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Galileo (sondă spațială)">Galileo</a>, care a intrat pe orbită la 7 decembrie 1995.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> Aceasta a orbitat planeta timp de mai bine de șapte ani, survolând toți sateliții galileeni și <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(satelit)" title="Amalthea (satelit)">Amalthea</a>. Nava a fost martora impactului cometei <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker-Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemaker-Levy 9">Shoemaker-Levy 9</a> cu Jupiter în 1994, oferind o oportunitate unică de a observa acest eveniment. Deși cantitatea de informații trimise de sonda Galileo a fost uriașă, lățimea de bandă preconizată a legăturii radio a fost limitată de o implementare eșuată a antenei radio.<a href="#cite_note-galileo-114">[111]</a> În iulie 1995, o sondă atmosferică de titan de 340 de kilograme a fost eliberată din nava spațială, și a intrat în atmosfera lui Jupiter la 7 decembrie.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> S-a parașutat prin 150 km de atmosferă cu o viteză de aproximativ 2.575 km/h<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> și a colectat date timp de 57,6 minute înainte de a fi strivită de presiune de presiune de aproximativ 23 de atmosfere la o temperatură de 153 °C.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Apoi s-a topit și probabil s-a evaporat. Sonda Galileo însăși a experimentat o versiune mai rapidă a aceleiași soarte atunci când a fost direcționată în mod deliberat către un curs de coliziune cu planeta la 21 septembrie 2003, cu o viteză de peste 50 km/s. Oamenii de știință au decis să facă acest pas pentru a evita orice posibilitate de impact și posibilă contaminare a Europei - satelitul, despre care se crede că are condițiile necesare pentru a adăposti viața.<a href="#cite_note-galileo-114">[111]</a> Datele acestei misiuni au relevat că hidrogenul compune până la 90% din atmosfera lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> Temperatura înregistrată a fost mai mare de 300 °C și viteza vântului a măsurat mai mult de 644 km/h înainte ca sondele să fie vaporizate.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg/250px-PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg/375px-PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg/500px-PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Jupiter văzut de <a href="/wiki/Juno_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno (sondă spațială)">Juno</a> (12 februarie 2019)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misiunea_Juno">Misiunea Juno</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiunea Juno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Misiunea Juno">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Juno_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno (sondă spațială)">Juno (sondă spațială)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Misiunea <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Juno_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno (sondă spațială)">Juno</a> a ajuns la Jupiter la 5 iulie 2016<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20160628-116">[113]</a> pentru a începe o investigație științifică a planetei. Misiunea lui Juno este de a măsura compoziția lui Jupiter, câmpul gravitațional, câmpul magnetic și magnetosfera polară. De asemenea, va căuta indicii despre cum s-a format planeta, inclusiv dacă are un nucleu stâncos, cantitatea de apă prezentă în atmosfera profundă, distribuția masei și vânturile ei adânci, care pot atinge viteze de până la 618 km/h.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> Orbitele au fost planificate cu atenție pentru a reduce la minimum contactul cu centurile de radiații dense ale lui Jupiter, care pot deteriora electronica vehiculului spațial și panourile solare.<a href="#cite_note-spaced-118">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misiuni_viitoare">Misiuni viitoare</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiuni viitoare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Misiuni viitoare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Următoarea misiune planificată a sistemului jovian va fi <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moon_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer</a> (JUICE) a <a href="/wiki/Agen%C8%9Bia_Spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83_European%C4%83" title="Agenția Spațială Europeană">Agenției Spațiale Europene</a> care va fi lansată în 2022,<a href="#cite_note-selection-119">[116]</a> urmată în 2023 de misiunea <a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-F3-2-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-F3-3-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-F3-4-122">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misiuni_anulate">Misiuni anulate</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Misiuni anulate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Misiuni anulate">modificare sursă</a>]</div> A existat un mare interes în studierea în detaliu a sateliților înghețași din cauza posibilității unor oceane lichide subterane pe Europa, Ganymede și Callisto. Dificultățile de finanțare au întârziat progresul. Misiunea NASA Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter a fost anulată în 2005.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> O propunere ulterioară a fost dezvoltat pentru o misiune în colaborare NASA/ESA numită EJSM/Laplace, cu o dată de lansare provizorie în jurul anului 2020. EJSM/Laplace ar fi constat în Jupiter Europa Orbiter al NASA și Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter al ESA.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> ESA a încheiat oficial parteneriatul în aprilie 2011, citând probleme bugetare la NASA și consecințele asupra calendarului misiunii. În schimb, ESA a planificat să meargă înainte cu o misiune unică europeană, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moon_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer</a> (JUICE). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sateliți">Sateliți</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sateliți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Sateliți">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moons_of_Jupiter?uselang=ro">Jupiter</a></div></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Jupiter are 79 de <a href="/wiki/Satelit_natural" title="Satelit natural">sateliți naturali</a> cunoscuți.<a href="#cite_note-79moons-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-shep-main-126">[123]</a> Dintre aceștia, 63 au mai puțin de 10 kilometri în diametru și au fost descoperiți abia din 1975. Primii patru sateliți ca mărime, vizibili de pe Pământ cu binoclu într-o noapte senină, cunoscuți sub numele de „<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">sateliții galileeni</a>”, sunt: Io, Europa, Ganymede și Callisto. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sateliții_galileeni">Sateliții galileeni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sateliții galileeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Sateliții galileeni">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">Sateliții galileeni</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Sateliții descoperiți de Galileo — Io, Europa, Ganymede și Callisto — sunt printre cei mai mari sateliți din Sistemul Solar. Orbitele a trei dintre ele (Io, Europa și Ganymede) formează un model cunoscut sub numele de rezonanță Laplace; pentru fiecare patru orbite pe care Io le face în jurul lui Jupiter, Europa face exact două orbite și Ganymede face exact una. Această rezonanță face ca efectele gravitaționale ale celor trei sateliți mari să-și distorsioneze orbitele în forme eliptice, deoarece fiecare satelit este atras în plus de vecini în aceeași orbită la fiecare orbită pe care o face. Pe de altă parte, <a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_mareic%C4%83" title="Forță mareică">forță mareică</a> de la Jupiter lucrează pentru circularizarea orbitele lor.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">Excentricitatea orbitelor</a> lor determină deformări regulate ale formei celor trei sateliți, gravitația lui Jupiter întinzându-le atunci când se apropie și permițându-le să revină la o formă mai sferică atunci când se îndepărtează. Această flexare mareică încălzește interioarele sateliților prin frecare. Acest lucru este cel mai evident în exemplul activității vulcanice extrem de intense a lui Io (satelitul care este supus celor mai puternice forțe mareice), și într-o măsură mai mică pe suprafața geologică a Europei. <table style="width:550px; margin:0 auto;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin:0 auto;"> <caption>Sateliții galileeni în comparație cu Luna </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Nume </th> <th colspan="2">Diametru </th> <th colspan="2">Masă </th> <th colspan="2">Rată orbitală </th> <th colspan="2">Perioadă orbitală </th></tr> <tr> <th>km </th> <th>% </th> <th>kg </th> <th>% </th> <th>km </th> <th>% </th> <th>zile </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> </th> <td>3.643 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>8,9×1022 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>421.700 </td> <td>110 </td> <td>1,77 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> </th> <td>3.122 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>4,8×1022 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>671.034 </td> <td>175 </td> <td>3,55 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a> </th> <td>5.262 </td> <td>150 </td> <td>14,8×1022 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>1.070.412 </td> <td>280 </td> <td>7,15 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a> </th> <td>4.821 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>10,8×1022 </td> <td>150 </td> <td>1.882.709 </td> <td>490 </td> <td>16,69 </td> <td>61 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Galilean_satellites_(the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter).tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Sateliții galileeni. De la stânga la dreapta, în ordinea creșterii distanței față de Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto."><img alt="Sateliții galileeni. De la stânga la dreapta, în ordinea creșterii distanței față de Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif/lossy-page1-561px-The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="561" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif/lossy-page1-842px-The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif/lossy-page1-1122px-The_Galilean_satellites_%28the_four_largest_moons_of_Jupiter%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sateliții galileeni. De la stânga la dreapta, în ordinea creșterii distanței față de Jupiter: <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:0.9em; text-align:center;">Sateliții galileeni <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a> (în ordinea creșterii distanței față de Jupiter) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Înainte de descoperirile misiunilor Voyager, sateliții lui Jupiter erau împărțiți uniform în patru grupuri de patru, pe baza similitudinii elementelor lor orbitale. De atunci, numărul mare de noi sateliți a necesitat o schimbare a clasificării. În prezent, există șase grupuri principale, deși unele sunt mai distincte decât altele. Împărțirea de bază distinge opt sateliți interni și sateliții neregulați. Sateliții obișnuiți ale planetei au orbite aproape circulare situate în apropierea planului ecuatorului lui Jupiter și se crede că s-au format simultan cu acesta. Restul sateliților este alcătuit dintr-un număr necunoscut de sateliți mici cu orbite extrem de eliptice și înclinate, despre care se crede că sunt asteroizi capturați sau fragmente din astfel de corpuri. Sateliții neregulați au parametri de orbită similari și, prin urmare, pot avea o origine comună, poate ca un satelit mai mare sau un corp capturat care s-a fragmentat.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Sateliți obișnuiți </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Grupul interior</a> </td> <td>Grupul interior din patru sateliți mici, toți au diametre mai mici de 200 km, orbită la raze mai mici de 200.000 km și au înclinații orbitale mai mici de jumătate de grad. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">Sateliții galileeni</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> </td> <td>Acești patru sateliți, descoperiți de <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> și de <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marius" title="Simon Marius">Simon Marius</a> în paralel, orbitează între 400.000 și 2.000.000 km și sunt printre cei mai mari sateliți din Sistemul Solar. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Sateliți neregulați </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Themisto_(satelit)" title="Themisto (satelit)">Themisto</a> </td> <td>Aceasta este singurul satelit care aparține unui grup propriu, orbitând la jumătatea distanței dintre lunile galileene și grupul Himalia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Grupul Himalia</a> </td> <td>Un grup de sateliți strâns grupați cu orbite în jurul a 11.000.000–12.000.000 km de Jupiter. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carpo_(satelit)" title="Carpo (satelit)">Carpo</a> </td> <td>Un alt caz izolat; la marginea interioară a grupului Ananke, acesta orbitează pe Jupiter în mișcare dreaptă. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valetudo_(satelit)" title="Valetudo (satelit)">Valetudo</a> </td> <td>Un al treilea caz izolat, care orbitează pe Jupiter în mișcare dreaptă, dar se suprapune grupurilor retrograde enumerate mai jos; aceasta poate duce la o viitoare coliziune. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Grupul Ananke</a> </td> <td>Un grup de sateliți neregulați ai lui Jupiter, care se deplasează înapoi, pe orbite cu înclinație medie de 149°, cu o medie de 21.276.000 km de planetă. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Grupul Carme</a> </td> <td>Un grup retrograd destul de distinct care are o medie de 23.404.000 km de Jupiter, cu o înclinație medie de 165°. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Grupul Pasiphae</a> </td> <td>Un grup retrograd dispersat și doar vag distinct, care acoperă toți sateliții ultraperiferici. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inele_planetare">Inele planetare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Inele planetare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Inele planetare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PIA01627_Ringe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA01627_Ringe.jpg/220px-PIA01627_Ringe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA01627_Ringe.jpg/330px-PIA01627_Ringe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA01627_Ringe.jpg/440px-PIA01627_Ringe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">Inelele lui Jupiter</a></figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">Inelele lui Jupiter</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Jupiter are un sistem slab de <a href="/wiki/Inel_planetar" title="Inel planetar">inele planetare</a> alcătuit din trei segmente principale: un tor interior de particule cunoscut sub numele de halou, un inel principal relativ luminos și un inel exterior.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> Aceste inele par a fi făcute din praf, mai degrabă decât din gheață ca inelele lui Saturn.<a href="#cite_note-elkins-tanton-37">[34]</a> Inelul principal este probabil format din materialul evacuat de sateliții <a href="/wiki/Adrastea_(satelit)" title="Adrastea (satelit)">Adrastea</a> și <a href="/wiki/Metis_(satelit)" title="Metis (satelit)">Metis</a>. Materialul care ar cădea în mod normal pe satelit este tras de Jupiter din cauza influenței sale gravitaționale puternice. Orbita materialului se îndreaptă spre Jupiter și materialul nou se adaugă prin impacturi suplimentare.<a href="#cite_note-Burns1999-132">[129]</a> Într-un mod similar, sateliții <a href="/wiki/Thebe_(satelit)" title="Thebe (satelit)">Thebe</a> și <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(satelit)" title="Amalthea (satelit)">Amalthea</a> produc probabil cele două componente distincte ale inelului exterior.<a href="#cite_note-Burns1999-132">[129]</a> Există dovezi despre o bandă de particule stâncoase pe orbita Amaltea care ar fi putut fi ejectate de impacturile de pe suprafața acestui satelit.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interacțiunea_cu_Sistemul_Solar">Interacțiunea cu Sistemul Solar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Interacțiunea cu Sistemul Solar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Interacțiunea cu Sistemul Solar">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Alături de <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soare</a>, influența <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">gravitațională</a> a lui Jupiter a ajutat la modelarea Sistemului Solar. Orbitele majorității planetelor sistemului se află mai aproape de planul orbital al lui Jupiter decât de planul ecuatorial al Soarelui (<a href="/wiki/Planeta_Mercur" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Mercur">Mercur</a> este singura <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">planetă</a> care este mai aproape de ecuatorul Soarelui în înclinarea orbitală), Golurile Kirkwood din <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">centura de asteroizi</a> sunt cauzate în mare parte de Jupiter, iar planeta ar fi putut fi responsabilă de <a href="/wiki/Marele_bombardament_t%C3%A2rziu" title="Marele bombardament târziu">Marele bombardament târziu</a> din istoria Sistemului Solar interior.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:InnerSolarSystem-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/InnerSolarSystem-en.png/220px-InnerSolarSystem-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/InnerSolarSystem-en.png/330px-InnerSolarSystem-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/InnerSolarSystem-en.png/440px-InnerSolarSystem-en.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Această diagramă arată asteroizii troieni pe orbita lui Jupiter (în verde), precum și centura principală a asteroizilor (în alb).</figcaption></figure> Alături de sateliții săi, câmpul gravitațional al lui Jupiter controlează numeroși <a href="/wiki/Asteroizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroizi">asteroizi</a> care s-au instalat în regiunile <a href="/wiki/Punct_Lagrange" title="Punct Lagrange">Punctelor Lagrange</a> și care urmează pe Jupiter pe orbita sa din jurul Soarelui. Aceștia sunt cunoscuți sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Troian_(asteroid)" title="Troian (asteroid)">asteroizi troieni</a> și sunt împărțiți în „tabere” grecești și troiene pentru a comemora <a href="/wiki/Iliada" title="Iliada">Iliada</a>. Primul dintre aceștia, <a href="/wiki/588_Ahile" class="mw-redirect" title="588 Ahile">588 Ahile</a>, a fost descoperit de <a href="/wiki/Max_Wolf" title="Max Wolf">Max Wolf</a> în 1906; de atunci au fost descoperite peste două mii.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Cel mai mare este <a href="/wiki/624_Hector" class="mw-redirect" title="624 Hector">624 Hector</a>. Majoritatea cometelor de scurtă durată aparțin familiei Jupiter - definite drept <a href="/wiki/Comete" class="mw-redirect" title="Comete">comete</a> cu axe semimajore mai mici decât cele ale lui Jupiter. Cometele familiei Jupiter se consideră că se formează în <a href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper">centura Kuiper</a> în afara orbitei planetei <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Neptun" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Neptun">Neptun</a>. În timpul întâlnirilor strânse cu Jupiter orbitele lor sunt perturbate ceea ce a scurtat perioada lor de circulație iar apoi datorită interacțiunii gravitaționale regulate cu Soarele și Jupiter, orbitele au devenit mai circulare.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> Datorită magnitudinii masei lui Jupiter, centrul de greutate dintre acesta și Soare se află chiar deasupra suprafeței Soarelui.<a href="#cite_note-Jupiter-COM-20160730-137">[134]</a> Jupiter este singurul corp din Sistemul Solar pentru care acest lucru este adevărat. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coliziuni">Coliziuni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Coliziuni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Coliziuni">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Vezi și: <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Cometa Shoemaker–Levy 9">Cometa Shoemaker–Levy 9</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg/220px-Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg/330px-Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg/440px-Hs-2009-23-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>O fotografie realizată la 23 iulie 2009 de <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_Spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Telescopul Spațial Hubble">Telescopul Spațial Hubble</a> arată o urmă a evenimentului de impact din 2009 cu Jupiter. Zona de impact a cuprins 190.000.000 km2, aproximativ dimensiunea <a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Pacific" title="Oceanul Pacific">Oceanului Pacific</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a></figcaption></figure> Jupiter a fost numit aspirator al Sistemului Solar,<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> datorită imensei sale gravitații și a amplasării în apropierea Sistemului Solar interior. Acesta primește cele mai frecvente impacturi cu comete și asteroizi.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> S-a crezut că planeta servea pentru a proteja parțial sistemul interior de bombardamentele cometare.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> Totuși, simulări pe calculator din 2008 sugerează că Jupiter nu provoacă o scădere netă a numărului de comete care trec prin Sistemul Solar interior, deoarece gravitația sa perturbă orbitele lor spre sistemul interior, de câte ori le accelerează sau le evacuează.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Acest subiect rămâne controversat în rândul oamenilor de știință, deoarece unii consideră că trimite comete din centura Kuiper către Pământ în timp ce alții cred că Jupiter protejează Pământul de presupusul <a href="/wiki/Norul_Oort" class="mw-redirect" title="Norul Oort">nor Oort</a>. <a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Jupiter experimentează de aproximativ 200 de ori mai multe impacte cu asteroizi și comete decât Pământul.<a href="#cite_note-HTUW-33">[30]</a> Un studiu din 1997 asupra desenelor astronomice timpurii sugerează că <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Cassini</a> ar fi putut înregistra urmele impactului unei comete asupra lui Jupiter încă din 1690. Inițial, studiul conținea alte opt observații ca fiind potențiale de impact, pe care Cassini și alții le-au înregistrat între 1664 și 1839, însă ulterior s-a stabilit că probabilitatea ca acesta să fie de la un impact este scăzută sau zero.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> Printre descoperirile mai recente se numără următoarele: <ol><li>O minge de foc a fost fotografiată de <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> în timpul întâlnirii sale cu Jupiter din martie 1979.<a href="#cite_note-impact2012-144">[141]</a></li> <li>În perioada 16 iulie 1994 - 22 iulie 1994, peste 20 de fragmente din <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Cometa Shoemaker–Levy 9">cometa Shoemaker–Levy 9</a> s-au ciocnit cu emisfera sudică a lui Jupiter, oferind prima observare directă a unei coliziuni între două obiecte ale Sistemului Solar. Acest impact a furnizat date utile despre compoziția atmosferei lui Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a></li> <li>La 19 iulie 2009, un impact a avut loc lângă polul sud al planetei.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> Impactul a lăsat o urmă sub forma unei pete negre în atmosfera planetei, similar ca dimensiune cu Oval BA. Observațiile în infraroșu au indicat un punct luminos unde a avut loc impactul, ceea ce înseamnă că impactul a încălzit atmosfera inferioară din regiunea polului.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Urmele de coliziune au dispărut mai repede decât impactul cometei din 1994, deoarece - așa cum au arătat observațiile ultraviolete - impactul nu a creat particule fine de praf. Analizele orbitelor posibile ale corpului responsabil de coliziune sugerează că a fost un <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> din <a href="/wiki/Familia_Hilda" title="Familia Hilda">Familia Hilda</a> <a href="#cite_note-efekty_2009-150">[147]</a> sau un obiect cu o orbită similară <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83)" title="Centaur (planetă minoră)">centaurului</a> 2005 TS 100 cu un diametru de 200-500 m.</li> <li>La 3 iunie 2010, un astronom amator din Australia a detectat o minge de foc, mai mică decât impactul observat anterior (1979). Ulterior, s-a descoperit că evenimentul a fost capturat în videoclip de un alt astronom amator din Filipine.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a></li> <li>O altă minge de foc a fost văzută la 20 august 2010.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a></li> <li>La 10 septembrie 2012, a fost detectată o altă minge de foc.<a href="#cite_note-impact2012-144">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a></li> <li>La 17 martie 2016, un asteroid sau o cometă a lovit Jupiter și evenimentul a fost filmat.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Note">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-caption-1"><a href="#cite_ref-caption_1-0">^</a> Această imagine a fost realizată de <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" title="Telescopul spațial Hubble">Telescopul spațial Hubble</a>, folosind camera Wide Field 3, la 21 aprilie 2014. Atmosfera lui Jupiter și aspectul său se schimbă în mod constant și, prin urmare, aspectul său de astăzi poate să nu semene cu ceea ce a fost când a fost făcută această imagine. În imagine, totuși, sunt câteva caracteristici care rămân constante, cum ar fi faimoasa <a href="/wiki/Marea_Pat%C4%83_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Marea Pată Roșie">Marea Pată Roșie</a>, care se evidențiază în partea inferioară dreapta a imaginii și aspectul în banzi ușor de recunoscut al planetei. </li> <li id="cite_note-1bar-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1bar_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1bar_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1bar_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1bar_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1bar_9-4">e</a> Se referă la nivelul presiunii atmosferice de 1 bar </li> <li id="cite_note-1bar_b-11"><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_b_11-0">^</a> În funcție de volumul situat la nivelul presiunii atmosferice de 1 bar </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe">Referințe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-planet_years-2"><a href="#cite_ref-planet_years_2-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Seligman, Courtney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm">„Rotation Period and Day Length”</a>. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-13">13 august 2009</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotation+Period+and+Day+Length&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcseligman.com%2Ftext%2Fsky%2Frotationvsday.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSOP87-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-3">d</a> <cite class="citation journal">Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (februarie 1994). „Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282 (2): 663–683. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994A&A...282..663S">1994A&A...282..663S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Numerical+expressions+for+precession+formulae+and+mean+elements+for+the+Moon+and+planets&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=663-683&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994A%26A...282..663S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft.au=Bretagnon%2C+P.&rft.au=Chapront%2C+J.&rft.au=Chapront-Touz%C3%A9%2C+M.&rft.au=Francou%2C+G.&rft.au=Laskar%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-meanplane-4"><a href="#cite_ref-meanplane_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420194536/http://home.comcast.net/~kpheider/MeanPlane.gif">„The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter”</a>. <time datetime="2009-04-03">3 aprilie 2009</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/MeanPlane.gif">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-04-20">20 aprilie 2009</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-04-10">10 aprilie 2009</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+MeanPlane+%28Invariable+plane%29+of+the+Solar+System+passing+through+the+barycenter&rft.date=2009-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.surewest.net%2Fkheider%2Fastro%2FMeanPlane.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> (produced with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/">Solex 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220235836/http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-12-20">20 decembrie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane) </li> <li id="cite_note-67moons-5"><a href="#cite_ref-67moons_5-0">^</a> Eroare la citare: Etichetă <code><ref></code> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite <code>67moons</code></li> <li id="cite_note-fact-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fact_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_6-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Williams, David R. (<time datetime="2017-06-30">30 iunie 2017</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926211234/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html">„Jupiter Fact Sheet”</a>. NASA. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-09-26">26 septembrie 2011</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-13">13 octombrie 2017</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jupiter+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fjupiterfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seidelmann_Archinal_A'hearn_et_al._2007-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Seidelmann_Archinal_A'hearn_et_al._2007_7-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; et al. (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). „Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006”. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 98 (3): 155–180. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CeMDA..98..155S">2007CeMDA..98..155S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10569-007-9072-y">10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0923-2958">0923-2958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+IAU%2FIAG+Working+Group+on+cartographic+coordinates+and+rotational+elements%3A+2006&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=155-180&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0923-2958&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10569-007-9072-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007CeMDA..98..155S&rft.aulast=Seidelmann&rft.aufirst=P.+Kenneth&rft.au=Archinal%2C+Brent+A.&rft.au=A%27Hearn%2C+Michael+F.&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Albert+R.&rft.au=Consolmagno%2C+Guy+J.&rft.au=Hestroffer%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Hilton%2C+James+L.&rft.au=Krasinsky%2C+Georgij+A.&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Gregory+A.&rft.au=Oberst%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Stooke%2C+Philip+J.&rft.au=Tedesco%2C+Edward+F.&rft.au=Tholen%2C+David+J.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Peter+C.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Iwan+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PS15-8"><a href="#cite_ref-PS15_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. 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Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/22/17380476/nasa-space-launch-system-block-1-europa-clipper-mission">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-08-06">6 august 2019</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-08-06">6 august 2019</time>. <q>But now NASA is going to fly all three missions — EM-1, EM-2, and Europa Clipper — on Block 1. 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NASASpaceFlight.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/nasa-sls-europa-clipper-wind-tunnel/">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-08-06">6 august 2019</time>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2009-07-21">21 iulie 2009</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Amateur+astronomer+discovers+Jupiter+collision&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2009-07-21%2Famateur-astronomer-discovers-jupiter-collision%2F1362318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Salway, Mike (<time datetime="2009-07-19">19 iulie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceinspace.com.au/index.php?id=70,550,0,0,1,0">„Breaking News: Possible Impact on Jupiter, Captured by Anthony Wesley”</a>. IceInSpace. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-07-19">19 iulie 2009</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IceInSpace&rft.atitle=Breaking+News%3A+Possible+Impact+on+Jupiter%2C+Captured+by+Anthony+Wesley&rft.date=2009-07-19&rft.aulast=Salway&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceinspace.com.au%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D70%2C550%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Grossman, Lisa (<time datetime="2009-07-20">20 iulie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17491-jupiter-sports-new-bruise-from-impact.html">„Jupiter sports new 'bruise' from impact”</a>. New Scientist.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Jupiter+sports+new+%27bruise%27+from+impact&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn17491-jupiter-sports-new-bruise-from-impact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-efekty_2009-150"><a href="#cite_ref-efekty_2009_150-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomia.pl/wiadomosci/index.php?id=2518">„Zdjęcia efektów uderzenia planetoidy w Jowisza”</a>. Astronomia.pl. <time datetime="2012-03-15">15 martie 2012</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315155111/http://astronomia.pl/wiadomosci/index.php?id=2518">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2012-03-15">15 martie 2012</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-05-12">12 mai 2020</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zdj%C4%99cia+efekt%C3%B3w+uderzenia+planetoidy+w+Jowisza&rft.pub=Astronomia.pl&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomia.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D2518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bakich, Michael (<time datetime="2010-06-04">4 iunie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302060453/http://www.astronomy.com/news-observing/news/2010/06/another%20impact%20on%20jupiter">„Another impact on Jupiter”</a>. Astronomy. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomy.com/news-observing/news/2010/06/another%20impact%20on%20jupiter">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-03-02">2 martie 2014</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-06-04">4 iunie 2010</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomy&rft.atitle=Another+impact+on+Jupiter&rft.date=2010-06-04&rft.aulast=Bakich&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.com%2Fnews-observing%2Fnews%2F2010%2F06%2Fanother%2520impact%2520on%2520jupiter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Beatty, Kelly (<time datetime="2010-08-22">22 august 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/observingblog/101264994.html">„Another Flash on Jupiter!”</a>. Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-08-23">23 august 2010</time>. <q>Masayuki Tachikawa was observing ... 18:22 Universal Time on the 20th ... Kazuo Aoki posted an image ... Ishimaru of Toyama prefecture observed the event</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=Another+Flash+on+Jupiter%21&rft.date=2010-08-22&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fcommunity%2Fskyblog%2Fobservingblog%2F101264994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hall, George (septembrie 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgeastro.weebly.com/jupiter.html">„George's Astrophotography”</a>. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-09-17">17 septembrie 2012</time>. <q>10 Sept. 2012 11:35 UT .. observed by Dan Petersen</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George%27s+Astrophotography&rft.date=2012-09&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeorgeastro.weebly.com%2Fjupiter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Malik, SPACE.com, Tariq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jupiter-struck-by-an-asteroid-or-a-comet-video/">„Jupiter Struck by an Asteroid or a Comet [Video]”</a>. Scientific American. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-03-30">30 martie 2016</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Jupiter+Struck+by+an+Asteroid+or+a+Comet+%5BVideo%5D&rft.aulast=Malik%2C+SPACE.com&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fjupiter-struck-by-an-asteroid-or-a-comet-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe">Legături externe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa; color:var(--color-base, #000);"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin:auto;text-align:center;">Puteți găsi mai multe informații despre Jupiter prin căutarea în proiectele similare ale Wikipediei, grupate sub denumirea generică de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Sister projects">„proiecte surori”</a>: </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Jupiter">Definiții și traduceri</a> în Wikționar </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Jupiter">Imagini și media</a> la Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jupiter">Citate</a> la Wikicitat </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Jupiter">Texte sursă</a> la Wikisursă </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Jupiter">Manuale</a> la Wikimanuale </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jupiter" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Jupiter">Resurse de studiu</a> la Wikiversitate </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.rice.edu/hmns/dlt/Jupmag.html">Despre magnetosfera planetei</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060621004337/http://space.rice.edu/hmns/dlt/Jupmag.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-06-21">21 iunie 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>ro <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scinews.ro/marea-pata-rosie-de-pe-jupiter-se-micsoreaza/">Marea Pată Roșie de pe Jupiter se micșorează</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoQ0ClXrx8k">Video (2:27) - Noi imagini Hubble ale lui Jupiter</a> pe <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> - <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> (8 august 2019)</li> <li>en <cite class="citation web">Hans Lohninger; et al. (<time datetime="2005-11-02">2 noiembrie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vias.org/spacetrip/jupiter_1.html">„Jupiter, văzut de Voyager 1”</a>. A Trip into Space. Virtual Institute of Applied Science. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-09">9 martie 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Trip+into+Space&rft.atitle=Jupiter%2C+v%C4%83zut+de+Voyager+1&rft.date=2005-11-02&rft.au=Hans+Lohninger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vias.org%2Fspacetrip%2Fjupiter_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> Mentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al. (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Utilizare_explicit%C4%83_a_lui_et_al." title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al.">link</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>en <cite class="citation web">Dunn, Tony (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbitsimulator.com/gravity/articles/joviansystem.html">„Sistemul jovian — o simulare a celor 62 sateliți jovieni”</a>. Gravity Simulator. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-09">9 martie 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gravity+Simulator&rft.atitle=Sistemul+jovian+%E2%80%94+o+simulare+a+celor+62+sateli%C8%9Bi+jovieni.&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbitsimulator.com%2Fgravity%2Farticles%2Fjoviansystem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>en <cite class="citation web">Seronik, G.; Ashford, A. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713090641/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/planets/3307071.html">„Pe urmele lunilor lui Jupiter”</a>. Sky & Telescope. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skytonight.com/observing/objects/planets/3307071.html?page=1&c=y">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-07-13">13 iulie 2007</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-09">9 martie 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pe+urmele+lunilor+lui+Jupiter&rft.pub=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.au=Seronik%2C+G.%3B+Ashford%2C+A.+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskytonight.com%2Fobserving%2Fobjects%2Fplanets%2F3307071.html%3Fpage%3D1%26c%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Anonymous (<time datetime="2007-05-02">2 mai 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6614557.stm">„În imagini: Noi imagini cu Jupiter”</a>. BBC News. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-05-02">2 mai 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C3%8En+imagini%3A+Noi+imagini+cu+Jupiter&rft.date=2007-05-02&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_pictures%2F6614557.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Cain, Fraser. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/episode-56-jupiter/">„Jupiter”</a>. Universe Today. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-04-01">1 aprilie 2008</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jupiter&rft.pub=Universe+Today&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Fraser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomycast.com%2Fastronomy%2Fepisode-56-jupiter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>en <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090725133611/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01may_fantasticflyby.htm">„Fantasicul zbor pe lângă Jupiter al sondei New Horizons (1 mai 2007)”</a>. NASA. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01may_fantasticflyby.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-07-25">25 iulie 2009</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-05-21">21 mai 2008</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fantasicul+zbor+pe+l%C3%A2ng%C4%83+Jupiter+al+sondei+New+Horizons+%281+mai+2007%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2007%2F01may_fantasticflyby.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>en <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Archive/Archive-Jupiter.html">„Lunile lui Jupiter - articole despre descoperiri în domeniul științelor planetare”</a>. Planetary Science Research Discoveries. University of Hawaii, NASA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetary+Science+Research+Discoveries&rft.atitle=Lunile+lui+Jupiter+-+articole+despre+descoperiri+%C3%AEn+domeniul+%C8%99tiin%C8%9Belor+planetare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psrd.hawaii.edu%2FArchive%2FArchive-Jupiter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJupiter" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us6EXc5Hyng">Video cu impactul din 2010</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și">Vezi și</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">Inelele lui Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Jupiter" title="Format:Jupiter">v</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Jupiter — pagină inexistentă">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Jupiter&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jupiter</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;">Caracteristici </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_lui_Jupiter" title="Atmosfera lui Jupiter">Atmosfera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marea_Pat%C4%83_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Marea Pată Roșie">Marea Pată Roșie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_lui_Jupiter#Ovalele_albe" title="Atmosfera lui Jupiter">Ovalele albe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_lui_Jupiter#Ovalul_BA" title="Atmosfera lui Jupiter">Ovalul BA</a>) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetosfera_lui_Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetosfera lui Jupiter — pagină inexistentă">Magnetosfera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">Inele</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/125px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/188px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliți</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Satelit_interior" title="Satelit interior">Sateliți interiori</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Metis_(satelit)" title="Metis (satelit)">Metis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adrastea_(satelit)" title="Adrastea (satelit)">Adrastea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(satelit)" title="Amalthea (satelit)">Amalthea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thebe_(satelit)" title="Thebe (satelit)">Thebe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter#Sateliții_galileeni" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliții galileeni</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> · <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter#Sateliții_neregulați" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliții neregulați</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Himalia" title="Grupul Himalia">Grupul Himalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Carme" title="Grupul Carme">Grupul Carme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Ananke" title="Grupul Ananke">Grupul Ananke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Pasipha%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupul Pasiphaë">Grupul Pasiphaë</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter" title="Explorarea planetei Jupiter">Explorare</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Trecut și prezent</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Programul_Pioneer" title="Programul Pioneer">Programul Pioneer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">10</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">11</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Programul_Voyager" title="Programul Voyager">Programul Voyager</a> (<a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">1</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">2</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Ulysses (sondă spațială)">Ulysses</a> · <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Galileo (sondă spațială)">Galileo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noi_Orizonturi" class="mw-redirect" title="Noi Orizonturi">Noi Orizonturi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juno_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno (sondă spațială)">Juno</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Viitor</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moon_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;">Diverse </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_troian_al_lui_Jupiter" title="Asteroid troian al lui Jupiter">Asteroid troian al lui Jupiter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Shoemaker-Levy_9" title="Cometa Shoemaker-Levy 9">Cometa Shoemaker-Levy 9</a> · (<a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Jupiter_impact_event&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Jupiter impact event — pagină inexistentă">2009 Impact</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_minore_care_intersecteaz%C4%83_orbita_lui_Jupiter" title="Lista planetelor minore care intersectează orbita lui Jupiter">Planete minore care intersectează orbita lui Jupiter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(zeu)" title="Jupiter (zeu)">Mitologie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Categorie"><img alt="Categorie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Jupiter" title="Categorie:Jupiter">Categorie:Jupiter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Jupiter" title="Portal:Jupiter">Portal:Jupiter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal:Astronomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sistemul_solar" title="Portal:Sistemul solar">Portal:Sistemul solar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter" title="Format:Explorarea planetei Jupiter">v</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Explorarea planetei Jupiter — pagină inexistentă">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter" title="Explorarea planetei Jupiter">Explorarea planetei Jupiter</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Survoluri </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Programul_Pioneer" title="Programul Pioneer">Programul Pioneer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">11</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Programul_Voyager" title="Programul Voyager">Programul Voyager</a> (<a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">2</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Ulysses (sondă spațială)">Ulysses</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="13"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/180px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg/240px-Portrait_of_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Orbitori </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sond%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Galileo (sondă spațială)">Galileo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juno_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Juno (navă spațială)">Juno</a> (activă)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">În drum </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a> (JUICE) (2023)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Misiuni planificate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> (2024) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianwen-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianwen-4 — pagină inexistentă">Tianwen-4</a> (2029)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Misiuni propuse </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Shensuo" title="Shensuo">Shensuo</a> (2024) • <a href="/wiki/Trident_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Trident (navă spațială)">Trident</a> (2025) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_Lander_(NASA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa Lander (NASA) — pagină inexistentă">Europa Lander</a> (2025) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Io_Volcano_Observer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io Volcano Observer — pagină inexistentă">Io Volcano Observer</a> (2029) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flyby_of_Io_with_Repeat_Encounters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters — pagină inexistentă">FIRE</a> (2024) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=OKEANOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OKEANOS — pagină inexistentă">OKEANOS</a> (2027) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smara_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smara (navă spațială) — pagină inexistentă">Smara</a> (2030) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_Probe_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interstellar Probe (navă spațială) — pagină inexistentă">Interstellar Probe</a> (2036)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Misiuni anulate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argo_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argo (navă spațială) — pagină inexistentă">Argo</a> (propus) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_Jupiter_System_Mission_%E2%80%93_Laplace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace — pagină inexistentă">Europa Jupiter System Mission-Laplace</a> ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_Europa_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter Europa Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Jupiter Europa Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_Ganymede_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_Magnetospheric_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Europa Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Innovative_Interstellar_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innovative Interstellar Explorer — pagină inexistentă">Innovative Interstellar Explorer</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovian_Europa_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jovian Europa Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Jovian Europa Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neptune_Orbiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neptune Orbiter — pagină inexistentă">Neptune Orbiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Horizons_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Horizons 2 — pagină inexistentă">New Horizons 2</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer H — pagină inexistentă">Pioneer H</a> • <a href="/wiki/Programul_spa%C8%9Bial_sovietic#Țiolkovski" title="Programul spațial sovietic">Misiunea Țiolkovski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Subiecte înrudite </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Explorarea_planetei_Jupiter" title="Explorarea planetei Jupiter">Explorarea planetei Jupiter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_lui_Jupiter" title="Atmosfera lui Jupiter">Atmosfera lui Jupiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetosfera_lui_Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetosfera lui Jupiter — pagină inexistentă">Magnetosfera lui Jupiter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">Sateliții lui Jupiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> • <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a> • <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">Inelele lui Jupiter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonizarea_Sistemului_Solar_extern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonizarea Sistemului Solar extern — pagină inexistentă">Colonizarea Sistemului Solar extern</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Jupiter" title="Format:Sateliții lui Jupiter">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Jupiter" title="Discuție Format:Sateliții lui Jupiter">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Jupiter&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sateliții lui Jupiter">Sateliții lui Jupiter</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3">Sateliții sunt enumerați conform creșterii distanței lor de la <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jupiter</a>. Numele temporare sunt scrise cu italice (cursive). </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Satelit_interior" title="Satelit interior">Interiori</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Metis_(satelit)" title="Metis (satelit)">Metis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adrastea_(satelit)" title="Adrastea (satelit)">Adrastea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(satelit)" title="Amalthea (satelit)">Amalthea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thebe_(satelit)" title="Thebe (satelit)">Thebe</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="17"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jupiter_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/200px-Jupiter_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/300px-Jupiter_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/400px-Jupiter_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="1654" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_galileeni" title="Sateliții galileeni">Galileeni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a> · <a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit)">Ganymede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit)">Callisto</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;">Grupul Themisto </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/S/2018_J_4" title="S/2018 J 4">S/2018 J 4</a> · <a href="/wiki/Themisto_(satelit)" title="Themisto (satelit)">Themisto</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Himalia" title="Grupul Himalia">Grupul Himalia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> · <a href="/wiki/Leda_(satelit)" title="Leda (satelit)">Leda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ersa_(satelit)" title="Ersa (satelit)">Ersa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Himalia_(satelit)" title="Himalia (satelit)">Himalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2018_J_2" title="S/2018 J 2">S/2018 J 2</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pandia_(satelit)" title="Pandia (satelit)">Pandia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lysithea_(satelit)" title="Lysithea (satelit)">Lysithea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elara_(satelit)" title="Elara (satelit)">Elara</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2011_J_3" title="S/2011 J 3">S/2011 J 3</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dia_(satelit)" title="Dia (satelit)">Dia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;">Grupul Carpo </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Carpo_(satelit)" title="Carpo (satelit)">Carpo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;">Grupul Valetudo </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Valetudo_(satelit)" title="Valetudo (satelit)">Valetudo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Ananke" title="Grupul Ananke">Grupul Ananke</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Euporie_(satelit)" title="Euporie (satelit)">Euporie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LV" title="Jupiter LV">Jupiter LV</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_1" title="S/2021 J 1">S/2021 J 1</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(satelit)" title="Eupheme (satelit)">Eupheme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LII" title="Jupiter LII">Jupiter LII</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LIV" title="Jupiter LIV">Jupiter LIV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mneme_(satelit)" title="Mneme (satelit)">Mneme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Euanthe_(satelit)" title="Euanthe (satelit)">Euanthe</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_16" title="S/2003 J 16">S/2003 J 16</a> · <a href="/wiki/Harpalyke_(satelit)" title="Harpalyke (satelit)">Harpalyke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orthosie_(satelit)" title="Orthosie (satelit)">Orthosie</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_3" title="S/2022 J 3">S/2022 J 3</a> · <a href="/wiki/Helike_(satelit)" title="Helike (satelit)">Helike</a> · <a href="/wiki/Praxidike_(satelit)" title="Praxidike (satelit)">Praxidike</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXIV" title="Jupiter LXIV">Jupiter LXIV</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_12" title="S/2003 J 12">S/2003 J 12</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXVIII" title="Jupiter LXVIII">Jupiter LXVIII</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thelxinoe_(satelit)" title="Thelxinoe (satelit)">Thelxinoe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thyone_(satelit)" title="Thyone (satelit)">Thyone</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_2" title="S/2003 J 2">S/2003 J 2</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ananke_(satelit)" title="Ananke (satelit)">Ananke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iocaste_(satelit)" title="Iocaste (satelit)">Iocaste</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hermippe_(satelit)" title="Hermippe (satelit)">Hermippe</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_2" title="S/2021 J 2">S/2021 J 2</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_3" title="S/2021 J 3">S/2021 J 3</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXX" title="Jupiter LXX">Jupiter LXX</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Carme" title="Grupul Carme">Grupul Carme</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_1" title="S/2022 J 1">S/2022 J 1</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_2" title="S/2022 J 2">S/2022 J 2</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2016_J_3" title="S/2016 J 3">S/2016 J 3</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2018_J_3" title="S/2018 J 3">S/2018 J 3</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_5" title="S/2021 J 5">S/2021 J 5</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pasithee_(satelit)" title="Pasithee (satelit)">Pasithee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXIX" title="Jupiter LXIX">Jupiter LXIX</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_24" title="S/2003 J 24">S/2003 J 24</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chaldene" title="Chaldene">Chaldene</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_4" title="S/2021 J 4">S/2021 J 4</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXIII" title="Jupiter LXIII">Jupiter LXIII</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isonoe_(satelit)" title="Isonoe (satelit)">Isonoe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kallichore_(satelit)" title="Kallichore (satelit)">Kallichore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erinome" title="Erinome">Erinome</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kale_(satelit)" title="Kale (satelit)">Kale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eirene_(satelit)" title="Eirene (satelit)">Eirene</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aitne_(satelit)" title="Aitne (satelit)">Aitne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eukelade" title="Eukelade">Eukelade</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arche_(satelit)" title="Arche (satelit)">Arche</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taygete_(satelit)" title="Taygete (satelit)">Taygete</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXXII" title="Jupiter LXXII">Jupiter LXXII</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carme_(satelit)" title="Carme (satelit)">Carme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herse_(satelit)" title="Herse (satelit)">Herse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXI" title="Jupiter LXI">Jupiter LXI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LI" title="Jupiter LI">Jupiter LI</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_9" title="S/2003 J 9">S/2003 J 9</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXVI" title="Jupiter LXVI">Jupiter LXVI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalyke" title="Kalyke">Kalyke</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2021_J_6" title="S/2021 J 6">S/2021 J 6</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_10" title="S/2003 J 10">S/2003 J 10</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Pasiphae" title="Grupul Pasiphae">Grupul Pasiphae</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne_(satelit)" title="Philophrosyne (satelit)">Philophrosyne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eurydome_(satelit)" title="Eurydome (satelit)">Eurydome</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LVI" title="Jupiter LVI">Jupiter LVI</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_4" title="S/2003 J 4">S/2003 J 4</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LXVII" title="Jupiter LXVII">Jupiter LXVII</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hegemone_(satelit)" title="Hegemone (satelit)">Hegemone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pasiphae_(satelit)" title="Pasiphae (satelit)">Pasiphae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sponde" title="Sponde">Sponde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Megaclite" title="Megaclite">Megaclite</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cyllene_(satelit)" title="Cyllene (satelit)">Cyllene</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2016_J_4" title="S/2016 J 4">S/2016 J 4</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sinope_(satelit)" title="Sinope (satelit)">Sinope</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_LIX" title="Jupiter LIX">Jupiter LIX</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aoede_(satelit)" title="Aoede (satelit)">Aoede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Autonoe_(satelit)" title="Autonoe (satelit)">Autonoe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Callirrhoe_(satelit)" title="Callirrhoe (satelit)">Callirrhoe</a> · <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_23" title="S/2003 J 23">S/2003 J 23</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kore_(satelit)" title="Kore (satelit)">Kore</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><a href="/wiki/Proiect:Astronomie" title="Proiect:Astronomie">Proiect</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Sistemul_solar" title="Format:Sistemul solar">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Sistemul_solar" title="Discuție Format:Sistemul solar">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Sistemul_solar&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Sistemul_solar" title="Sistemul solar">Sistemul solar</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Solar_System_Template_Final.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_b58697f1be6c2d94" /><map name="ImageMap_b58697f1be6c2d94"><area href="/wiki/Soare" shape="circle" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="Soarele" title="Soarele" /><area href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercur" title="Mercur" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" shape="circle" coords="203,8,4" alt="Luna" title="Luna" /><area href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" shape="circle" coords="194,18,8" alt="Pământ" title="Pământ" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Marte" shape="circle" coords="239,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Marte" title="Sateliții lui Marte" /><area href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Marte" title="Marte" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,8" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="Centura de asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="316,18,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,5,6" alt="Sateliții lui Jupiter" title="Sateliții lui Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,10" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Sateliții lui Saturn" title="Sateliții lui Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,9" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Sateliții lui Uranus" title="Sateliții lui Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Neptun" shape="circle" coords="471,10,3" alt="Sateliții lui Neptun" title="Sateliții lui Neptun" /><area href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptun" title="Neptun" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Pluton" shape="circle" coords="508,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Pluton" title="Sateliții lui Pluton" /><area href="/wiki/Pluton" shape="circle" coords="504,18,8" alt="Pluton" title="Pluton" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="539,13,3" alt="Sateliții lui Haumea" title="Sateliții lui Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="535,18,8" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="564,18,8" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" shape="rect" coords="492,0,573,35" alt="Centura Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper" /><area href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Eris" shape="circle" coords="601,14,3" alt="Sateliții lui Eris" title="Sateliții lui Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Eris_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" shape="circle" coords="597,18,8" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Discul_%C3%AEmpr%C4%83%C8%99tiat" shape="rect" coords="574,0,610,35" alt="Discul împrăștiat" title="Discul împrăștiat" /><area href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Oort" shape="rect" coords="611,0,635,35" alt="Norul lui Oort" title="Norul lui Oort" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Stea" title="Stea">Stea</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soarele</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Heliosfer%C4%83" title="Heliosferă">Heliosferă</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">Planete</a> (și <a href="/wiki/Satelit_natural" title="Satelit natural">sateliți</a>)</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(planet%C4%83)" title="Mercur (planetă)">Mercur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Lună">Luna</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Marte_(planet%C4%83)" title="Marte (planetă)">Marte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Marte" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Marte">sateliți</a>) · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jupiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Jupiter" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Jupiter">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Jupiter" title="Inelele lui Jupiter">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Saturn" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Saturn">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Saturn" title="Inelele lui Saturn">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Uranus" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Uranus">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Uranus" title="Inelele lui Uranus">inele</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun (planetă)">Neptun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Neptun" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Neptun">sateliți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inelele_lui_Neptun" title="Inelele lui Neptun">inele</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică">Planete pitice</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Ceres (planetă pitică)">Ceres</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_lui_Pluto" title="Sateliții lui Pluto">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Haumea (planetă pitică)">Haumea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sateli%C8%9Bii_naturali_ai_lui_Haumea" title="Sateliții naturali ai lui Haumea">sateliți</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Makemake (planetă pitică)">Makemake</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Eris_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Eris (planetă pitică)">Eris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(satelit)" title="Dysnomia (satelit)">satelit</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Probabil planete pitice</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">satelit</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Sedna" title="Sedna">Sedna</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Orcus" title="Orcus">Orcus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanth" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanth">satelit</a>)  · <a href="/wiki/(225088)_Gonggong" class="mw-redirect" title="(225088) Gonggong">Gonggong</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiangliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiangliu — pagină inexistentă">satelit</a>) · <a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a>  · <a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a> (<a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia#Satelit" title="120347 Salacia">satelit</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Obiecte mici</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83" title="Planetă minoră">Planete minore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_minore" title="Lista planetelor minore">listă</a>)</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroizi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_asteroizi_notabili" title="Listă de asteroizi notabili">listă</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid_(asteroid)" title="Vulcanoid (asteroid)">Vulcanoizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centura_de_asteroizi" title="Centura de asteroizi">Centura de asteroizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Troian_(asteroid)" title="Troian (asteroid)">Troieni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planet%C4%83_minor%C4%83)" title="Centaur (planetă minoră)">Centauri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloizi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroizi</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_transneptunian" title="Obiect transneptunian">Obiecte transneptuniene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centura_Kuiper" title="Centura Kuiper">Centura Kuiper</a> · <a href="/wiki/Discul_%C3%AEmpr%C4%83%C8%99tiat" title="Discul împrăștiat">Discul împrăștiat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obiect_deta%C8%99at" title="Obiect detașat">Obiecte detașate</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoizi</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Hills" title="Norul lui Hills">Norul lui Hills</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norul_lui_Oort" title="Norul lui Oort">Norul lui Oort</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83" title="Cometă">Comete</a></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/C/1956_R1_(Arend-Roland)" title="C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland)">C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2012_S1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 S1">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a>  · <a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1" title="C/2013 A1">C/2013 A1</a>  · <a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">Crommelin</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Elenin" title="Cometa Elenin">Elenin</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Encke" title="Cometa Encke">Encke</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Hale-Bopp" title="Cometa Hale-Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Halley" title="Cometa Halley">Halley</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Hyakutake" title="Cometa Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Kohoutek" title="Cometa Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Lexell" title="Cometa Lexell">Lexell</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_McNaught" title="Cometa McNaught">McNaught</a>  · <a href="/wiki/67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko" title="67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko">67P/Ciuriumov-Gherasimenko</a>  · <a href="/wiki/130P/McNaught-Hughes" title="130P/McNaught-Hughes">130P/McNaught-Hughes</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker-Levy_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemaker-Levy 9">Shoemaker-Levy 9</a>  · <a href="/wiki/109P/Swift-Tuttle" title="109P/Swift-Tuttle">Swift-Tuttle</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Cometa_West" title="Cometa West">West</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";vertical-align:middle;"><div style="text-align:center">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Eclips%C4%83_de_Lun%C4%83" title="Eclipsă de Lună">Eclipsă de Lună</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eclips%C4%83_de_Soare" title="Eclipsă de Soare">Eclipsă de Soare</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geneza_%C8%99i_evolu%C8%9Bia_Sistemului_Solar" title="Geneza și evoluția Sistemului Solar">Geneză și evoluție</a> · <a href="/wiki/Descoperirea_%C8%99i_explorarea_sistemului_solar" title="Descoperirea și explorarea sistemului solar">Descoperire și explorare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cronologia_explor%C4%83rii_sistemului_solar" title="Cronologia explorării sistemului solar">Cronologia explorării</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lista_planetelor_sistemului_solar" title="Lista planetelor sistemului solar">Lista planetelor</a> · <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_sateli%C8%9Bi_naturali" title="Listă 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