Structure of the winged-helix protein hRFX1 reveals a new mode of DNA binding

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DNA-binding defects in the protein RFX …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:10706293, doi:10.1038/35002634, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., K S Gajiwala, H Chen, S K Burley, Amino Acid Sequence, Binding Sites, Crystallography, X-Ray, DNA / chemistry*, DNA / metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry*, DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism, Electrochemistry, Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs, Humans, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Secondary, Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors, Regulatory Factor X1, Transcription Factors / chemistry*, Transcription Factors / metabolism, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Structure of the winged-helix protein hRFX1 reveals a new mode of DNA binding - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10706293/"><meta property="og:description" content="Regulatory factor X (RFX) proteins are transcriptional activators that recognize X-boxes (DNA of the sequence 5'-GTNRCC(0-3N)RGYAAC-3', where N is any nucleotide, R is a purine and Y is a pyrimidine) using a highly conserved 76-residue DNA-binding domain (DBD). 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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="2GiwfVhtQxr1zdmTdT2U1cQcdeO3w5vXQig2L90Ls3Qk7V4xdWgkK5C1l1yHAqXp"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="2GiwfVhtQxr1zdmTdT2U1cQcdeO3w5vXQig2L90Ls3Qk7V4xdWgkK5C1l1yHAqXp"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="2GiwfVhtQxr1zdmTdT2U1cQcdeO3w5vXQig2L90Ls3Qk7V4xdWgkK5C1l1yHAqXp"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="2GiwfVhtQxr1zdmTdT2U1cQcdeO3w5vXQig2L90Ls3Qk7V4xdWgkK5C1l1yHAqXp"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="10706293"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long 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</div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Nature" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Nature" data-pinger-ignore> Nature </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Nature"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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reveals a new mode of DNA binding </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gajiwala+KS&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="K S Gajiwala">K S Gajiwala</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics, Pels Family Center for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chen+H&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="H Chen">H Chen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cornille+F&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="F Cornille">F Cornille</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Roques+BP&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B P Roques">B P Roques</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reith+W&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Reith">W Reith</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mach+B&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B Mach">B Mach</a><span 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Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">10706293</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1038/35002634&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002634" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/35002634 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Structure of the winged-helix protein hRFX1 reveals a new mode of DNA binding </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">K S Gajiwala</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Nature<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2000">2000</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/10706293/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display 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ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chen+H&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="H Chen">H Chen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cornille+F&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="F Cornille">F Cornille</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Roques+BP&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B P Roques">B P Roques</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reith+W&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Reith">W Reith</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mach+B&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B Mach">B Mach</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Burley+SK&cauthor_id=10706293" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S K Burley">S K Burley</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics, Pels Family Center for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">10706293</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1038/35002634&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002634" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1038/35002634 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/10706293/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/10706293/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Regulatory factor X (RFX) proteins are transcriptional activators that recognize X-boxes (DNA of the sequence 5'-GTNRCC(0-3N)RGYAAC-3', where N is any nucleotide, R is a purine and Y is a pyrimidine) using a highly conserved 76-residue DNA-binding domain (DBD). DNA-binding defects in the protein RFX5 cause bare lymphocyte syndrome or major histocompatibility antigen class II deficiency. RFX1, -2 and -3 regulate expression of other medically important gene products (for example, interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain, IL-5R alpha). Fusions of the ligand-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor with the DBD of RFX4 occur in some human breast tumours. Here we present a 1.5 A-resolution structure of two copies of the DBD of human RFX1 (hRFX1) binding cooperatively to a symmetrical X-box. hRFX1 is an unusual member of the winged-helix subfamily of helix-turn-helix proteins because it uses a beta-hairpin (or wing) to recognize DNA instead of the recognition helix typical of helix-turn-helix proteins. A new model for interactions between linker histones and DNA is proposed. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/10331875/" ref="article_id=10331875&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="10331875" data-ga-label=""> A new use for the 'wing' of the 'winged' helix-turn-helix motif in the HSF-DNA cocrystal. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Littlefield O, Nelson HC.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Littlefield O, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nat Struct Biol. 1999 May;6(5):464-70. doi: 10.1038/8269.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nat Struct Biol. 1999.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">10331875</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/10742162/" ref="article_id=10742162&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="10742162" data-ga-label=""> New perch for the winged helix. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Wolberger C, Campbell R.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Wolberger C, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nat Struct Biol. 2000 Apr;7(4):261-2. doi: 10.1038/74004.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nat Struct Biol. 2000.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">10742162</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/11682486/" ref="article_id=11682486&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="11682486" data-ga-label=""> Human regulatory factor X 4 (RFX4) is a testis-specific dimeric DNA-binding protein that cooperates with other human RFX members. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Morotomi-Yano K, Yano K, Saito H, Sun Z, Iwama A, Miki Y.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Morotomi-Yano K, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):836-42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M108638200. 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dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Regulatory+Factor+X+Transcription+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Regulatory+Factor+X+Transcription+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Regulatory+Factor+X+Transcription+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" 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aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Transcription Factors / chemistry* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors / chemistry*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Transcription Factors/chemistry"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / chemistry*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Transcription+Factors" 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class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Transcription+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> DNA-Binding Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="DNA-Binding Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="DNA-Binding Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword RFX1 protein, human" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> RFX1 protein, human </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword RFX1 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22RFX1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22RFX1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="RFX1 protein, human"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="RFX1 protein, human"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" 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class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Regulatory Factor X1" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Regulatory Factor X1 </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Regulatory Factor X1"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" 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Structure of the winged-helix protein hRFX1 reveals a new mode of DNA binding - PubMed