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li{display:table-cell;float:none!important;width:10%;padding:0 15px;border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:last-child{border-right-width:0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li.hide-border{border-right-width:0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li a{border-bottom-width:0;padding:9px 15px;line-height:120%}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{font-weight:700}.rtl .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child{border-right-width:0}.rtl .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:last-child{border-right-width:1px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{width:980px!important;margin:0}.header-plain:not(.menuo-right) #Header .top_bar_left{width:auto!important}.header-stack.header-center #Top_bar #menu{display:inline-block!important}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu{display:none;height:auto;width:300px;bottom:auto;top:100%;right:1px;position:absolute;margin:0}.header-simple #Header a.responsive-menu-toggle{display:block;right:10px}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu > ul{width:100%;float:left}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;border-right:0;position:relative}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a{padding:0 20px;margin:0;display:block;height:auto;line-height:normal;border:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{border:none;line-height:44px;display:inline;padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size:30px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > .menu-toggle:after{content:"-"}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover a{border-bottom:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul.mfn-megamenu li .menu-toggle{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{position:relative!important;left:0!important;top:0;padding:0;margin:0!important;width:auto!important;background-image:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li{width:100%!important;display:block;padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 20px 0 30px}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a .menu-arrow{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span{padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span:after{display:none!important}.header-simple #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400}.header-simple #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{display:block!important;position:inherit;left:auto;top:auto}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 20px 0 40px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu{left:1px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar a.responsive-menu-toggle{left:10px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{left:0;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{left:auto!important;right:0!important}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 30px 0 20px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 40px 0 20px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li{margin:0 2px}.menu-highlight:not(.header-creative) #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:20px 0;padding:0;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:50px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:40px}.menu-highlight.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:5px 0}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li{margin:0}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li > a,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li > a{-webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important;padding:5px 0!important}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px!important}.header-modern.menu-highlight.menuo-right .menu_wrapper{margin-right:20px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below-80 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:after{height:4px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-line-below-80-1 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:after{height:1px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-link-color #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none!important}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0)!important;border-color:#ccc transparent transparent;border-style:solid;border-width:7px 7px 0;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:0!important;width:0}.menu-arrow-top.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after,.menu-arrow-top.header-plain #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:0!important}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none!important;border-color:transparent transparent #ccc;border-style:solid;border-width:0 7px 7px;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:auto;bottom:0;width:0}.menu-arrow-bottom.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after,.menu-arrow-bottom.header-plain #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:0}.menuo-no-borders #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){border-right-width:0}.menuo-no-borders #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-bottom-width:0}body.header-creative{padding-left:50px}body.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:250px}body.error404,body.under-construction,body.template-blank{padding-left:0!important}.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:50px}.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:250px}.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-right:250px}#Header_creative{background:#fff;position:fixed;width:250px;height:100%;left:-200px;top:0;z-index:9002;-webkit-box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15);box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15)}#Header_creative .container{width:100%}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:0;margin-right:50px}#Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{display:block;width:34px;height:34px;line-height:34px;font-size:22px;text-align:center;position:absolute;top:10px;right:8px;border-radius:3px}.admin-bar #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{top:42px}#Header_creative #Top_bar{position:static;width:100%}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_left{width:100%!important;float:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right{width:100%!important;float:none;height:auto;margin-bottom:35px;text-align:center;padding:0 20px;top:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right:before{display:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .logo{float:none;text-align:center;margin:15px 0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:none;margin:0 0 30px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li{width:100%;float:none;position:relative}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a{padding:0;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-right:0;border-bottom-width:1px;line-height:38px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:100%;right:auto;top:0;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03)}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{width:700px!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{left:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li a{padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:8px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li ul{top:0!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:28px!important;clear:both}#Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:100%;top:auto;bottom:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar a#header_cart{display:inline-block;float:none;top:3px}#Header_creative #Top_bar a#search_button{display:inline-block;float:none;top:3px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .wpml-languages{display:inline-block;float:none;top:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .wpml-languages.enabled:hover a.active{padding-bottom:9px}#Header_creative #Top_bar a.button.action_button{display:inline-block;float:none;top:16px;margin:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper{display:block;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:inline-block}#Header_creative #Action_bar{display:none;position:absolute;bottom:0;top:auto;clear:both;padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social{float:none;text-align:center;padding:5px 0 15px}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social li{margin-bottom:2px}#Header_creative .social li a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.5)}#Header_creative .social li a:hover{color:#000}#Header_creative .creative-social{position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:0;width:50px}#Header_creative .creative-social li{display:block;float:none;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px}.header-creative .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:250px}.menuo-last #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li.last ul{top:auto;bottom:0}.header-open #Header_creative{left:0}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0!important}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-menu-toggle,.header-open #Header_creative .creative-social{display:none}body.header-rtl.header-creative{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl #Header_creative{left:auto;right:-200px}.header-rtl.nice-scroll #Header_creative{margin-right:10px}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{margin-left:50px;margin-right:0}.header-rtl #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{left:8px;right:auto}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-social{left:0;right:auto}.header-rtl #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:125px}.header-rtl #popup_contact{right:70px}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:0!important}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:50px}body.header-rtl.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:0;padding-right:250px!important}.header-rtl.header-open #Header_creative{left:auto;right:0}.header-rtl.header-open #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:325px}.header-rtl.header-open #popup_contact{right:270px}.header-rtl.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:250px}#Header_creative.active{left:-1px}.header-rtl #Header_creative.active{left:auto;right:-1px}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0}.header-creative .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:250px}.header-open .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:auto;width:calc(100% - 250px)}.header-open.header-rtl .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:0;right:auto}#Header_creative.scroll{height:100%;overflow-y:auto}#Header_creative.scroll:not(.dropdown) .menu li ul{display:none!important}#Header_creative.scroll #Action_bar{position:static}#Header_creative.dropdown{outline:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:left}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li{position:relative;float:left}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{line-height:38px;padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:38px;height:38px;line-height:38px;font-size:26px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > .menu-toggle:after{content:"-"}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover a{border-bottom:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul.mfn-megamenu li .menu-toggle{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{position:relative!important;left:0!important;top:0;padding:0;margin-left:0!important;width:auto!important;background-image:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li{width:100%!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 10px;text-align:center}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a .menu-arrow{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span{padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span:after{display:none!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{display:block!important;position:inherit;left:auto;top:auto}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}#Header_creative{transition:left .5s ease-in-out,right .5s ease-in-out}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out .5s}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out}}@media only screen and (min-width:1130px){#Top_bar.is-sticky{position:fixed!important;width:100%;left:0;top:-60px;height:60px;z-index:701;background:#fff;opacity:.97;filter:alpha(opacity = 97);-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.layout-boxed.header-boxed #Top_bar.is-sticky{max-width:1130px;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.layout-boxed.header-boxed.nice-scroll #Top_bar.is-sticky{margin-left:-5px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_left,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right:before{background:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right{top:-4px;height:auto}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:15px}.header-plain #Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:0}#Top_bar.is-sticky .logo{width:auto;margin:0 30px 0 20px;padding:0}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo{padding:5px 0!important;height:50px!important;line-height:50px!important}.logo-no-sticky-padding #Top_bar.is-sticky #logo{height:60px!important;line-height:60px!important}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-main{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-sticky{display:inline;max-height:35px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper{clear:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper .menu > li > a{padding:15px 0}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a,#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .secondary_menu_wrapper,#Top_bar.is-sticky .banner_wrapper{display:none}.header-overlay #Top_bar.is-sticky{display:none}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky{background:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky #menu{background:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a{color:#fff}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .wpml-languages a.active,.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .wpml-languages ul.wpml-lang-dropdown{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.3);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1130px){.header_placeholder{height:0!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:1129px){#Top_bar #menu{display:none;height:auto;width:100%;bottom:auto;top:100%;right:1px;position:absolute;margin:0}#Top_bar a.responsive-menu-toggle{display:block}#Top_bar #menu > ul{width:100%;float:left}#Top_bar #menu ul li{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;border-right:0;position:relative}#Top_bar #menu ul li a{padding:0 25px;margin:0;display:block;height:auto;line-height:normal;border:none}#Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}#Top_bar #menu ul li a span{border:none;line-height:44px;display:inline;padding:0}#Top_bar #menu ul li a span.description{margin:0 0 0 5px}#Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:15px;top:0;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size:30px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}#Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}#Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > 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ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/high-throughput-focused-ultrasonicators"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">High-throughput Focused-ultrasonicators</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26914 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26915" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26915 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/le220-plus-focused-ultrasonicator-500569"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220-plus</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">High-throughput, 1 to 96 tube capacity</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26916" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26916 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/le220r-plus-focused-ultrasonicator-500578"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220R-plus</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Robotic version of the LE220-plus</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-30065" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-30065 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/le220rsc-focused-ultrasonicator"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220Rsc</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26917" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26917 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/on-deck-automation-focused-ultrasonicators"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">On-Deck Automation Focused-ultrasonicators</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26917 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26918" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26918 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/r230-focused-ultrasonicator"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">R230</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">On-deck, next generation Focused-ultrasonicator</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26919" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26919 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/cryoprep"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP<sup>®</sup> Extraction Systems</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26919 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26920" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26920 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp01-cryoprep-manual-dry-pulverizer-500230"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP01 Manual Pulverizer</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">For Tissues 15 mg to 2 g</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26921" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26921 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp02-cryoprep-automated-dry-pulverizer-110v-500001"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP02 Automated Dry Pulverizer</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26922" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26922 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp03-cryoprep-manual-dry-pulverizer-500049"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP03 Manual Pulverizer</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">For Tissues 2 to 5 g</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26923" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26923 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/sonolab-software"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">SonoLab Software</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26927" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26927 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Kits & Reagents</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26927 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-41083" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-41083 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/truprep-protein/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truPREP® Protein Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-35108" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-35108 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-ffpe-na-auto-96-kits"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truXTRAC® FFPE SMART Solutions</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26931" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26931 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/cryoprep-0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Starter Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Sample Tubes & Holders</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26933" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26933 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/nucleic-acids-shearing-kits-and-buffers"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Nucleic Acids Shearing Kits and Buffers</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">truSHEAR, truPOP, DNA Verification Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26929" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26929 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-ffpe-kits"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other truXTRAC<sup>®</sup> FFPE Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">FFPE Biomolecule Extraction Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26934" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26934 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-other"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other truXTRAC<sup>®</sup> Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">cfDNA, DBS, MALDI-TOF</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26935" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26935 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/protein-extraction-buffers"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Protein Extraction Buffers</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Native, Total Protein, & Detergent-free Buffers</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26930" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26930 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truChIP<sup>®</sup></span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Chromatin Shearing Kits</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26936" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26936 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Consumables – Tubes and Vials</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26936 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26938" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26938 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/afa-tube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">AFA-TUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Laser etched polymer vessel for high-throughput workflows</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26939" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26939 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/microtube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">microTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Small sample volumes, 130 µl or less</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26940" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26940 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/millitube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">milliTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">1 ml or 2 ml sample volume. Good for chromatin shearing</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26942" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26942 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/other-afa-tubes"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other AFA-TUBEs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26943" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26943 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/afa-process-vessels/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">AFA Process Vessels</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">High power, low temperature processing</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26944" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26944 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/g-tube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">g-TUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">DNA shearing fragments 6 to 20 kb</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26945" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26945 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/cryoprep-consumables"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Consumables</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26945 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26947" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26947 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">tissueTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Tissue processing devices</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26949" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26949 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Accessories</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26949 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26952" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26952 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/automation-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Automation Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-41270" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-41270 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/r230-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">R230 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26953" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26953 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/m220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">M220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26954" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26954 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/me220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">ME220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-30718" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-30718 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/ml230-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">ML230 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26955" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26955 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/s220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">S220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26956" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26956 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/e220-evolution-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">E220<i>evolution</i> Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26957" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26957 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/e220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">E220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26958" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26958 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/l-series-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">L-Series Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26959" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26959 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp01-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP01 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26960" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26960 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp02-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP02 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26961" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26961 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp03-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP03 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26963" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26963 ubermenu-item-auto 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vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h1 style="color: #1b3e57;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1583737864956" >FAQs</h1><h5 style="color: #4b4b4b;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h5" >Find answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about our Instruments & Software, Cell Lysis, ChIP, FFPE Nucleic Acid Extraction, and Nucleic Acid Shearing.</h5><h2 style="color: #1b3e57;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1588917275868" >Topic</h2></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid category_accordion faqs_accordion vc_custom_1626098914171"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_tta-container" data-vc-action="collapse"><div class="vc_general vc_tta vc_tta-accordion vc_tta-color-grey vc_tta-style-classic vc_tta-shape-rounded vc_tta-o-shape-group vc_tta-controls-align-default"><div class="vc_tta-panels-container"><div class="vc_tta-panels"><div class="vc_tta-panel vc_active" id="1579697761720-5c722ca9-db379bc8-47d1" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1579697761720-5c722ca9-db379bc8-47d1" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">Cell Lysis</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728548951985 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">While some denaturing is tolerable, I have disulfide bonds in my protein that I do not want to disrupt. Will truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer DF leave disulfide bonds intact?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-df">truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer DF</a> has the presence of 8 M urea. This buffer will break the disulfide bond to a certain extent. You can always evaluate it with buffers such as <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-superb">SuperB</a> which will help in maintaining the three-dimensional structures.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728549226129 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I am interested in extracting intact proteins for downstream functional assays. Functional assays involve a co-factor stain that can be used to check for protein presence by SDS-PAGE and if protein is strep tagged, it can be detected by anti-strep antibody on Western blot. Will <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-superb">truXTRAC® Protein Extraction Buffer SuperB</a> affect this functional assay?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer SuperB has non-detergent sulfobetaine (NDSB) which helps in denaturing the protein. If you are interested in functional assays, please consider using <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-n">Buffer N</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728548999193 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What non-ionic detergents work well with <a href="https://www.covaris.com/afa-technology/">AFA</a>?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <ul class="faqs_list"> <li>Triton X-100</li> <li>Octylglucoside (octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)</li> <li>NP-40</li> <li>Tween-20</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583742546225 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Does Covaris provide an alternative type of detergent containing a buffer for LC/MS analysis?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The Covaris Protein Extraction Buffer DF is a detergent-free buffer that efficiently extracts proteins and is compatible with LC/MS analysis.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728549037008 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the best buffer to increase total protein yields?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-tp">Protein Extraction Buffer TP</a> extracts more total protein at lower detergent concentrations in conjunction with AFA. This buffer contains urea, thiourea, and a zwitterionic detergent.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728549141897 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Describe the most suitable buffer for recovering proteins in native conformation?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris Native Protein Extraction <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-n">Buffer N</a> is a physiological buffer optimized for extracting proteins in their native conformation and is directly compatible with immunoassay, protein assay, affinity enrichment, and any other applications requiring proteins in their native conformation.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583742643851 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the best buffer for extracting denatured proteins?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer TP or Buffer MJ are recommended for the extraction of denatured proteins.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583742668145 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I take extracted protein in Buffer TP or Buffer MJ for direct analysis by MS?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">If you are doing LC/MS, then you may inject the sample directly. If you wish to perform reduction/alkylation followed by tryptic digestion, then you will want to dilute the protein to decrease the salt concentration.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728549242319 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Do native protein extraction buffers have any percent of organic compounds?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Both protein extraction <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-n">Buffer N</a> and <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-superb">SuperB</a> are hydrophilic in nature and do not contain any organic compounds.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1728549256303 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the advantage of using truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer SuperB instead of <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-n">truXTRAC Protein Extraction Buffer N</a>?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-protein-extraction-buffer-superb">Protein Extraction Buffer SuperB</a> increases protein yield and preserves the native conformation and biological activity. This buffer does not form micelles and prevents protein aggregation; however, protein Buffer N does have protein aggregation in low percentage.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="vc_tta-panel" id="1579698827371-d3b6c7ee-4de39bc8-47d1" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1579698827371-d3b6c7ee-4de39bc8-47d1" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">ChIP</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583753921073 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How should I collect adherent cells and perform sample quantification?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">There are a number of different methods which can be used to quantify the number of adherent cells. Typically, one can culture an additional plate, trypsinize the cells, followed by counting. The counts should be consistent with the other culture plates when starting at the same time.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583753935294 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why do I need to run a fixation time course? What cell types is it most critical for and why?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Fixation is not only cell line dependent, but is also epitope dependent. Not all cells fix at the same rate, therefore, it is imperative to carry out both a one-time fixation and shearing time course to establish a protocol for cell lines and tissue types. Furthermore, certain proteins can be quite sensitive to formaldehyde fixation resulting in conformational changes from over-fixation that render them unrecognizable by an antibody.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986873482 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why is the methanol-free formaldehyde provided with <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip">truChIP kits</a> recommended over other fixing solutions?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Many formaldehyde reagents contain methanol as a stabilizing agent to prevent oxidation and polymerization. Based on our evaluations, we have shown that the presence of methanol leads to the generation of large molecular weight chromatin complexes which is resistant to shearing.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986790229 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why is the fixation time in the Covaris truChIP ® protocol so short?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">In stark contrast to <a href="https://www.covaris.com/afa-technology/">Covaris AFA</a>, bath and probe sonicators utilize up to 150× more energy. As a result, these other methods demand longer fixation times in order to minimize damage to the chromatin. Covaris AFA is a more efficient and gentle mechanical shearing technology that does not require long fixation times.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986836086 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why do we need to run a shearing time course if we have already done ChlP before?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Unfortunately, not all cells shear to the same size range at the same rate. As a result, Covaris recommends users to carry out a shearing time course to empirically determine the optimal treatment conditions. For ChIP-seq, it is important to optimize the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/chromatin/">chromatin shearing</a> size range to be compatible with the selected library preparation kit and sequencing platform. For Illumina platforms, it is recommended to shear chromatin to an average fragment size of 200-250 bp with a distribution of up to ~700 bp.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584008632212 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What type of cells can truChIP kit be used for?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris truChIP kits have been successfully tested with hundreds of mammalian cell lines by laboratories across the world. The truChIP kits are considered universal sample preparation kits guaranteed to work with all mammalian cells. <a href="/protocols/">The truChIP kits provide easy optimization for new cell lines or epitopes of interest. Learn more about truChIP kits in the related protocols </a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584001405011 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What are the lowest cell inputs that have been tested?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The <a href="/catalogsearch/result/?q=520156">truChIP Ultra-low Chromatin Shearing Kit (Covaris PN: 520156)</a> has been used with ∼10,000 cells.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584001598336 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I want to process 50M cells/sample–is it possible?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, our <a href="/millitube-1-ml-afa-fiber-pr520135">milliTUBE–1 mL with AFA fiber (PN: 520135)</a> can accommodate up to 30 million cells. Additionally, one can use the <a href="/millitube-2-ml-pr520132">milliTUBE–2 mL (PN: 520132)</a> for samples with higher inputs up to 60 million cells. Note: The milliTUBE–2 mL is only compatible with the S220 and E220 platforms.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584001693065 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Does Covaris provide a protocol for tissue ChIP?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, Covaris provides a <a href="/truchip-chromatin-shearing-tissue-kit-with-formaldehyde-520237">truChIP kit (PN: 520237)</a> for processing tissue masses within the range of 20-125 mg.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583753215256 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Is it possible to fragment native ChIP using a Covaris?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Because the energy can be tightly controlled, native ChIP sample prep can be performed using AFA. Please contact our Application’s team for further guidance.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986895489 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can you simultaneously lyse and fragment in one tube?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Generally, it is not possible to lyse and shear chromatin at the same time in one tube. One-step methods require high energy processing with high detergent concentrations. The yield of those methods tends to be significantly lower than two-step methods. For very low cell numbers, it is possible to do a one-step lysis and shearing with our <a href="https://www.covaris.com/truchip-ultra-low-chromatin-shearing-kit-with-formaldehyde">truChIP ultra low cell</a> chromatin shearing kit.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986927785 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">May I use my own buffers and reagents?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Most chromatin sample preparation and shearing buffers were developed and optimized for use with bath or probe sonicators. Since AFA is a more advanced ultrasonic technology, off-label buffers are not compatible with AFA. Therefore, we strongly recommend customers to use the buffers provided with the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip">truChIP kit</a> since they have been validated using Covaris instruments.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754098599 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">May I combine your protocol with my other commercial protocols?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The truChIP kits are compatible with downstream IP protocols. Covaris provides the formulation of the buffers to ensure the IP step can be performed with any homebrew or commercial IP kit. For example, the truChIP chromatin shearing reagent kit shearing buffer for use with cells contains 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 0.1% SDS.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754122412 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How does having reduced SDS concentrations help with the Covaris kit?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Reduced SDS concentrations enables the utilization of more sheared chromatin in each IP. Additionally, SDS is a potent solubilizer. Shearing with high concentrations of SDS can solubilize a significant amount of the desired epitope.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754135371 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Is there a required RNase treatment?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris recommends RNase treatment since the presence of RNA can potentially skew the smear analysis performed on the Bioanalyzer and agarose gels.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583931813130 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why am I not seeing a gradual reduction in fragment size distribution as I shear my samples?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>There are a few possibilities why no shearing is observed:</p> <ul> <li>The cells were processed using reagents and protocols not optimized for use with AFA</li> <li>The cells are being severely over-fixed</li> <li>The crosslinked sheared chromatin has not been reversed or purified properly for DNA size range analysis</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986940847 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I optimized protocols for a cell line and now am observing inconsistent shearing results. Why?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">To ensure consistent results are achieved, Covaris recommends using the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip">truChIP kit</a> and to keep the cell numbers within the range outlined in the protocol. Any modifications made to the buffers and/or reagents provided, or deviations in the protocol, may lead to inconsistent shearing profiles.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583931828872 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why did my IP fail?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>IP can fail for a myriad of reasons. Some of the most common ones are:</p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Over shearing resulting in epitope damage</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fixation was not optimized for the protein of interest–the crosslinking was insufficient</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Incorrect IP buffer that has not been optimized for use with the selected antibody</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754228650 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Is it true that the fixation time cannot be reduced if a target of interest is not abundant?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">No, the target abundance is independent of formaldehyde fixation. There is no direct correlation between fixation time and epitope abundance.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754263285 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I have a large protein complex. What methods are recommended for these sample types?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">For protein complexes, depending on the proximity of the protein of interest to the DNA, Covaris recommends the use of a dual fixation strategy. Specifically, this involves fixing proteins to proteins first with DSS, DGS, and DMA followed by fixing the proteins to DNA with formaldehyde.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584001929681 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">If I fix it in less/time, will I lose some downstream sensitivity?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Since fixation is cell line and epitope dependent, it is certainly possible that the fixation might be too little or too much which can affect IP efficiency. Thus, this is why it is essential to carry out dual time course studies. Additionally, we recommend running a Western blot to check the epitope integrity during the shearing time course.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730986968515 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the average processing time per sample using truChIP?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Unfortunately, not all cells shear to the desired size using the same treatment time. Therefore, Covaris recommends that you carry out a fixation and a shearing time course to determine the optimal conditions. All <a href="https://www.covaris.com/protocols/">truChIP protocols</a> provide the details required to perform the optimization runs.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754316330 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why do I need to control the temperature?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Formaldehyde fixation is reversible with temperature. If temperature is not controlled during chromatin shearing, undesired reverse crosslinking may occur which leads to epitope loss.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583753490307 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Specifically, how does the duty factor (DF), power, and duration impact the fragment length?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">For chromatin shearing using truChIP, Covaris has already optimized the duty factor (DF), peak incidence power (PIP), and cycles per burst (CPB). Therefore, the user is only responsible for optimizing the shearing time for the cell line or tissue sample.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730987012876 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">May I use the truChIP kit with the M220 focused ultrasonicator?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, all <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/instruments">Covaris Focused-ultrasonicators</a> are compatible for use with the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip">truChIP kits</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730987033149 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Are larger processing volumes available?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes. For processing volumes greater than 1 mL, Covaris provides the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/millitube-2-ml">milliTUBE–2 mL</a> which can be used to shear chromatin in 2 mL volumes on the S and E-series instruments only. With these tubes, one can double the number of cells and volume. For sample treatment settings, the duty factor (DF) will be doubled (compared to 1 mL protocol) and the processing times will increase.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730987053063 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What settings should I use on the Covaris for ChIRP/Hi-C, etc.?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">ChIRP and Hi-C protocols have not been optimized in-house, but we do have customers who are using it. Please <a href="https://www.covaris.com/contact-support/">contact our Application’s team</a> for further guidance.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="vc_tta-panel" id="1579698850253-8af91b37-81669bc8-47d1" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1579698850253-8af91b37-81669bc8-47d1" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">cryoPREP®</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588919378340 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Where can I find protocols for the cryoPREP<sup>® </sup>Extraction Systems?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Protocol is published on our website. Click <a href="/protocols/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> to visit the protocols page and filter by cryoPREP.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588920183064 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What impact levels are recommended with cryoPREP (CP02) Impactor for my tissue samples?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>Impact level varies and will depend on both the tissue type and input mass. Typically, Covaris recommends using level 5 or 6 for hard tissues such as skin, blood vessels, cornea, retina, cartilage, and bone. We recommend using level 2 to 4 if processing soft tissues.</p> <p>For more information on the recommended impact levels, refer to the chart below:</p> <table class="faqs_table"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th style="text-align: center;">TT05/TT05M/ TT05XT/TT05MXT</th> <th style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">TT1/TT1XT</th> <th style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">TT2</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>20-80 mg</td> <td>80-300 mg</td> <td>300-500 mg</td> <td>500-1000 mg</td> <td>1000-2000 mg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Brain</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liver</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kidney</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Smooth Muscle</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Skeletal/Cardiac Muscle</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ocular Tissue</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Vascular Tissue</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Skin</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tumor</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bone</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cartilage</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988354280 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I impact the sample in the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube">tissueTUBE</a> more than once?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The tissueTUBEs <a href="https://www.covaris.com/tissuetube-tt05">TT05</a>, <a href="https://www.covaris.com/tissuetube-tt05m-25">TT05M</a>, and <a href="https://www.covaris.com/tissuetube-tt1-25">TT1</a> are designed to withstand one impact. If a second impact is required, the extra thick (XT) version of each tissueTUBE is recommended. The extra thick bags can be impacted more than once. After the first impact, carefully inspect the tissueTUBE for any punctures prior to refreezing in liquid nitrogen and before its second impact.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588920358537 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the working mass range of the different tissueTUBEs?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>Please refer to the table below for the recommended impact levels according to their mass ranges:</p> <table class="faqs_table"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th style="text-align: center;">TT05/TT05M/ TT05XT/TT05MXT</th> <th style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">TT1/TT1XT</th> <th style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">TT2</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>20-80 mg</td> <td>80-300 mg</td> <td>300-500 mg</td> <td>500-1000 mg</td> <td>1000-2000 mg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Brain</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liver</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kidney</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Smooth Muscle</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Skeletal/Cardiac Muscle</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ocular Tissue</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Vascular Tissue</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Skin</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tumor</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bone</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cartilage</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988371087 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I add a buffer to my tissue in the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube">tissueTUBE</a> before processing with the cryoPREP CP02 Impactor?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">No, it’s important for tissue samples to remain dry for optimal cryofracture efficiency.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988458493 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">If residual tissue remains on the walls of the tissueTUBE after transferring the pulverized material, what buffer is recommended to collect remaining material from the tissueTUBE for nucleic acid extraction?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Any aqueous buffer utilized in <a href="https://www.covaris.com/dna-rna-shearing-for-ngs/">RNA extraction</a>/purification workflow can be used to transfer the residual tissue remaining in the tissueTUBEs.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988491704 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">If residual tissue remains on the walls of the tissueTUBE after transferring the pulverized material, what buffer can I use to transfer from tissueTUBE for <a href="https://www.covaris.com/proteomics">protein extraction</a>?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Acetonitrile, Methanol Ethanol, DMF, NMP, Isopropanol and Chloroform, as well as any aqueous buffers used in protein extraction/purification workflows.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988514239 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can cryoPREP Extraction Systems be used for plant material?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, any agricultural material or biological material can be pulverized using the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/technology/dry-cryopulverization">Covaris cryoPREP</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988550229 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Once the sample is pulverized, is it mandatory for the sample to be processed immediately, or can it be stored?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The sample is not required to go through sample processing immediately. After cryofracturing, <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube">tissueTUBE plugs</a> can be used to seal the tissueTUBEs for long-term storage at -80°C, or with vapor phase liquid nitrogen. Alternatively, the cryofractured tissue can be transferred into cryovials for long-term storage.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588924451724 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can cryofractured tissue be freeze/thawed multiple times?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Multiple freeze/thaw cycles are never recommended for the extraction of biomolecules. We recommend long-term storage of cryofractured tissues in small aliquots to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588922394557 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can the samples in the tissueTUBE thaw?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, this is a possibility if the tissue samples are not maintained at the necessary working temperatures either before or after cryofracturing.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588922440188 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Does the frozen tissue after cryo-impact still remain frozen through the whole process of fracturing?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, prior to cryofracturing, we advise keeping the tissueTUBE/transfer tube assembly on dry ice. Tissue samples in the tissueTUBE are immersed in liquid nitrogen for 30 to 60 seconds to ensure efficient cryofracturing of the tissue samples. After CP02 impact, the tissue is quickly transferred into the transfer tubes and can be stored on dry ice, vapor phase liquid nitrogen, or for long-term storage at -80° C until use.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588921846134 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Does the process result in lysed/fractured cells or is it possible to fix the resulting frozen powder in formaldehyde to recover intact cells for FACS sorting?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Cryofracturing of fresh tissue damages the cell membrane; therefore, recovering significant numbers of intact cells after cryofracturing is not possible.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988404875 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What are the reasons why the cryofractured material is not completely pulverized?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>Certain tissues such as high adipose content tissues will “cake” immediately after impact rather than cryofracturing into distinct powder. Therefore, we recommend for the “caked tissue” to be quickly disrupted into smaller pieces inside the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube">tissueTUBE</a> prior to transfer into the transfer tube. Some other reasons for inefficient cryofracturing are:</p> <ul> <li>Tissue mass is too large for the tissueTUBE being used, or the impact level is too low for the tissue mass being used. Please refer to the impact level and tissue mass chart.</li> <li>Tissue is not centered in the tissueTUBE during impact.</li> <li>Liquid nitrogen incubation time is too short. We recommend a minimum of 30 seconds for tissue masses less than 100 mg, and 60 seconds for tissue mass of up to 2 g.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988581775 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can cryoPREP CP02 Impactor impact pig skin (0.5mm thickness)?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/cp02-cryoprep-automated-dry-pulverizer-110v-500001">CP02</a> can pulverize the pig skin at 0.5mm thickness into a fine homogenate when treated properly in liquid nitrogen.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583932139284 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why has the tissueTUBE broken open during cryofracture?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>There are various reasons why the tissue TUBES break open, these include:</p> <ul> <li>Tissue mass was too large for the tissueTUBE being used</li> <li>Tissue was not centered in the tissueTUBE. Tissues expand during impact, and if placed close to the seams, it will burst the seams of the tissueTUBE.</li> <li>Tissue was not properly flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. The key is to submerge the sample in liquid nitrogen for 30 to 60 seconds depending on the mass of the tissue.</li> <li>Previously frozen tissues will have sharp edges which can pierce through the tissueTUBEs. In such cases, we recommend an initial low impact level of 1 or 2, followed by another treatment with liquid nitrogen, and another impact at 4-6 depending on the tissue type.</li> <li>When processing tissues in tissueTUBEs TT05 and TT1, it is important to loosen the transfer tube by a quarter turn to allow venting of the rapidly expanding liquefied air.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754772484 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the cryoPREP (CP02) Impactor and its key benefits?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">CP02 is an electronically controlled cryofracturing instrument which consistently delivers the same amount of impact force to the samples. As a result, this provides very efficient, reproducible, and high sample-recovery results when compared to the manual processes such as bead beating or mortar and pestle.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588924966527 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What accessories and/or consumables do I need to process my tissue samples?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="/protocols?filter_tag=Tissue%20Processing%20Protocols" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Click here </a> for the correct combinations depending on your sample type and mass period.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754802341 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When would I use standard tissueTUBE or extra thick tissueTUBE (XT)?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">If you are processing hard or sharp tissue types, then the extra thick tissueTUBEs (XT) are recommended.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754820450 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I store my samples in tissueTUBE?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, samples may be stored in a tissueTUBE before pulverizing and after pulverizing by utilizing the appropriate plugs to seal the tissueTUBEs for long-term storage.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988423280 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">At what temperature can the tissueTUBEs be stored?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube">tissueTUBEs</a> can be stored at -80° C, on dry ice, or in vapor phase liquid nitrogen.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754876065 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What material is the tissueTUBE material made of?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">It is made of DuPont Kapton Polyimide material.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583754887372 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the dimension of a piece after pulverization?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">After cryofracture, the sample is a fine powder, or may turn into flat dough which can then be crumbled into a fine powder.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588924569566 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can cryofractured tissue be stored at -80°C in the glass Covaris transfer tubes?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">We do not recommend storing samples in glass tubes at -80° C. Please transfer to appropriate cryotubes for long-term storage.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988599506 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">On what AFA instruments can the cryofractured samples be treated for biomolecules extraction?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Depending on the biomolecule being extracted, all Covaris platforms can support your extraction workflows. Please contact Covaris <a href="https://www.covaris.com/contact-support/">Application’s Support</a> for more details.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1730988619398 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Are service plans for the cryoPREP (CP02) Impactor offered?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The <a href="https://www.covaris.com/cp02-cryoprep-automated-dry-pulverizer-110v-500001">CP02</a> is provided with a one year warranty at the time of the purchase. Additional years of service coverage are available for purchase. Please consult your territory sales manager for additional details.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="vc_tta-panel" id="1583750349887-81fc5693-4dc0" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1583750349887-81fc5693-4dc0" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">FFPE Nucleic Acid Extraction</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Where can I find protocols for FFPE nucleic acid extraction?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">A list of our current truXTRAC FFPE extraction protocols are published on our website. <a href="/protocols?filter_tag=Nucleic%20Acid%20Extraction%20from%20FFPE%20Protocols" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Click here </a>to visit our Protocols webpage to find the protocol that is related to your specific requirements.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I extract RNA or total nucleic acids using truXTRAC FFPE kits?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, truXTRAC FFPE kits are available for RNA and total nucleic acids. For further information, visit our page for <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-ffpe-kits">truXTRAC FFPE Kits</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I extract proteins using truXTRAC FFPE kits?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris and ProtiFITM have partnered to address challenges encountered when performing protein extraction from archived FFPE tissues. The partnership led to the development of a simple, efficient, and optimized proteomics workflow enabled by Covaris and ProtiFI. The <a href="https://www.covaris.com/afa-technology/">Covaris Adaptive Focused Acoustics® (AFA®) technology</a> combined with the Covaris truXTRAC capabilities drastically improves the sample prep by actively removing more paraffin while rehydrating tissue to isolate proteins prior to purification. ProtiFi, a protein purification technology, developed the S-TrapTM columns to trap AFA-released proteins and digest them prior to analysis.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Are the truXTRAC FFPE kits xylene-free?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, our Covaris Adaptive Focused Acoustics technology<sup>®</sup> (AFA<sup>®</sup>) allows for active paraffin removal in aqueous buffer, compared to the less efficient passive paraffin removal, which uses organic solvents.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What tissue sample types can be used?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="https://www.covaris.com/ffpe-extraction/">FFPE</a> sections mounted on slides, scrolls or cores are compatible with the truXTRAC FFPE protocols.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the maximum sample size for use with FFPE truXTRAC protocols?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The protocols are optimized for sections up to 25 µm in thickness and cores up to 1.2 mm in diameter.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What collection tools are recommended for sampling slide-mounted FFPE sections?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris recommends using a scalpel or razor blade to scrape material from slides. Please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#0f6e7f7f63666c6e7b6660617c7a7f7f607d7b4f6c60796e7d667c216c6062" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="610011110d08020015080e0f121411110e131521020e17001308124f020e0c">[email protected]</span></a> if you are experiencing difficulties.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why is my DNA/RNA yield low? How can I improve my yield?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>Low yield might be caused by several different factors such as:</p> <ul> <li><b>Low tissue to wax ratio in FFPE section: </b>Excess paraffin will adversely affect the yield and quality of DNA and RNA extracted from FFPE tissue. We strongly advise trimming off any excess paraffin before sectioning a FFPE tissue block, or after the section has been cut from the FFPE block. A ratio of 80% tissue to 20% paraffin, or higher, is ideal. Repeat the procedure using additional sections until desired yield is achieved. In your initial use of the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-ffpe-kits">truXTRAC FFPE kit</a>, use FFPE blocks that have been well characterized for yield and quality.</li> <li><b>Insufficient tissue input: </b>Increase FFPE tissue section thickness or use more sections up to 5mg total weight.</li> <li><b>Proteinase K stored above recommended temperature or expired</b>: Repeat the procedure using fresh Proteinase K. Always store Proteinase K solution at -20°C after resuspension.</li> </ul> <p>If using bead purification, low DNA yield may also be caused by:</p> <ul> <li><b>Incorrect number of beads were added:</b> Ensure beads are resuspended well by vortexing beads thoroughly before each use.</li> <li><b>Binding was incomplete:</b> Make sure the correct reagent volumes were used and mixed well before the 56°C incubation.</li> <li><b>Beads lost during pipetting steps:</b> Slowly draw up the supernatant into the pipette tip without disturbing the beads. It is normal for beads to stick to the pipette tips during the elution step without having an effect on the yield.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why do I have no DNA/RNA?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Ensure that the protocol steps have been closely followed, including ethanol addition to wash buffers and mixing of the Proteinase K with the sample on the Covaris instrument. Proteinase K buffer contains glycerol, and may fall to the bottom of the microTUBE, therefore, thorough mixing is essential.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">The concentration of DNA/RNA is too low, what could be the cause?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The elution volume may be too high. Repeat the procedure using lower elution volume (50 µl minimum volume is required for DNA and 20 µl for RNA). Alternatively, you may concentrate your samples using ethanol precipitation or by other means.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When following the FFPE DNA protocol with bead purification I notice clumping of magnetic beads during wash steps. Is this a problem?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Some clumping of magnetic beads may occur with specific FFPE blocks. Bead clumping won’t affect the yield or purity of the DNA. If bead clumping is severe enough to clog the pipette tips, reduce the input sample amount.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Magnetic beads are sticking to the pipette tips during elution whilst following the FFPE DNA bead purification protocol. Will this affect my DNA yield?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Some sticking of magnetic beads to pipette tips may occur with specific FFPE blocks. Magnetic beads sticking to pipette tips during elution will not affect the yield or purity of the DNA. If bead sticking is severe enough to clog pipette tips reduce the input sample amount.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why does my DNA not perform well in downstream applications such as qPCR?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">DNA in FFPE sample blocks could be severely cross-linked or degraded, therefore, ensure amplicons are designed to be as small as possible (less than 100 bp). DNA isolated using <a href="https://www.covaris.com/afa-technology/">Covaris AFA technology</a> is of the highest possible quality. Some FFPE sample blocks may be too degraded or cross-linked for some applications.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">The DNA fragment size is too large when following Option A of the FFPE DNA protocol. What is the cause of this?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Too much emulsified paraffin in the sample absorbs some of the acoustic energy and will adversely affect DNA shearing efficiency. Trim any excess paraffin from tissue blocks before proceeding with the protocol. We recommend running a time course for DNA shearing (Step 7) to increase the treatment time by 30 second steps.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Which Covaris Focused-ultrasonicators are compatible with truXTRAC FFPE protocols?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">All Covaris AFA instruments are compatible with <a href="https://www.covaris.com/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-ffpe-kits">truXTRAC FFPE kits</a>. However each instrument will require specific accessories which may need to be purchased separately. Please reference the protocol related to your kit to learn more about required accessories.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="vc_tta-panel" id="1583902846890-4bbacdff-e3e0" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1583902846890-4bbacdff-e3e0" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">Instruments & Software</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588926691598 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How do I convert a method developed on an S2 or E210 for use with SonoLab™ 7?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"><a href="/products-services/instruments/sonolab-software">Check out our SonoLab page for more information.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583903290276 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What happened to Intensity (as employed in previous versions of SonoLab)?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">In SonoLab 5 or later, Intensity has been replaced by Peak Incident Power (PIP) to better represent acoustic treatment conditions. In the S2 and E210 instruments, Intensity served as a dimensionless proxy for the power emitted from the transducer during each acoustic burst, with Intensity 10 being equivalent to approximately 350 Watts of Peak Incident Power. New generation instruments operating under SonoLab 5, 6, 7, and 8 are capable of delivering up to 500 Watts of Peak Incident Power (depending on the instrument). Rather than to invent a new dimensionless scale, Covaris chose, in SonoLab 7, to specify Peak Incident Power in true Watts.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732118840595 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why do I need to change the water in the tank every day?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Purity of the water in the bath is very important for the proper acoustic coupling. When applying acoustic energy in rate-limited applications, foreign material such as algae and particulates may scatter the high frequency focused acoustic beam, resulting in a shift to a larger mean fragment size. Bath water should be deionized water and changed daily unless continuously treated by the optional Covaris <a href="https://www.covaris.com/water-conditioning-system">Water Conditioning System</a> (available for S, E, and LE instruments). <a href="/products-services/accessories/water-conditioning-system-accessories">Click </a> to learn more about the WCS System.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732118915961 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Besides the daily changing of water in the bath, what are the other maintenance recommendations?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>For all instruments, except the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/m220-focused-ultrasonicator-500295">M220</a>, the water bath and the degassing lines should be rinsed once a month with a 10% bleach solution. Refer to the recommendations below for more guidance:</p> <ul> <li>Fill the bath with 10% bleach solution</li> <li>Lower the transducer and run the degassing pump for a few minutes</li> <li>Raise the transducer and empty the tank</li> <li>Lower the transducer and run the pump for 5-10 seconds to empty the lines</li> <li>Fill the water bath with fresh water and repeat the procedure</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The ME220 bleach protocol is run using the fill bottle based on the procedure from the <a href="/product-inserts-user-manuals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">user manual</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732118994622 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I have the Covaris Water Conditioning System. What kind of maintenance should I perform?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>The <a href="https://www.covaris.com/water-conditioning-system">Water Conditioning System (WCS)</a> automatically circulates water through a particulate filter and ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer to ensure that water remains clean and free from algae growth for up to a month. When the system runs continuously, it maintains the proper water quality required for optimum performance of the transducer. Without the WCS, proper water quality is maintained by daily changes of the water in the bath. On a monthly basis, the water tank should be cleaned with a bleach solution as described above.</p> <p><strong>IMPORTANT</strong>: Disconnect the hoses to and from the WCS when performing the bleaching procedure. <strong>DO NOT</strong> circulate the bleach solution through the WCS. The UV lamp and filter should be replaced once a year as indicated by the hour meter on the front of the WCS. Instructions for this can be found in the user manual.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732119112008 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why is it so important to degas the water in the tank?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Water in the tank (not in the chiller) serves as a coupler in the acoustic circuit. The need for clean and degassed water cannot be overstated. Poor water quality may dramatically impede the high frequency energy transfer. Insufficiently degassed water will readily scatter acoustic energy. The same can happen when water is contaminated with small particles. Keep in mind, that at high frequency, the acoustic energy may be scattered by dissolved gases and vapors present in water at standard atmospheric conditions as well as by particles suspended in water. Note: Degassing is not required for the M or <a href="https://www.covaris.com/me220-focused-ultrasonicator-500506">ME instruments</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732119178983 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I add algaecide to my water bath?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">No, algaecide should not be added to the water in the tank to avoid formation of the aerosol containing algaecide during the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/afa-technology/">AFA treatment</a>. However, you can add algaecide to the water in the chiller since the water is circulating through a stainless steel loop immersed in the water bath.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584010688612 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When I am done using the Covaris system, how should I properly shut down the instrument?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">To properly shut down the instrument, turn off the degassing then raise the acoustic assembly to lift the transducer out of the water, and empty the water bath. Place the tank back on the instrument, turn on the degas pump for 5 seconds to empty the remaining liquid, dry it with a lint-free cloth, and place it back into the system.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584010828193 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is AFA-grade water?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">It is water that meets the AFA-grade specifications (ASTM Type III or ISO Grade 3) such as <a href="/m220-afa-grade-water-800ml-520101">M220 AFA-grade Water (800ml) (PN 520101)</a>. AFA-grade water is recommended for Covaris Focused-ultrasonicators to properly complete the acoustic circuit.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732119254969 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">The chiller is for some reason taking over an hour to chill the water bath on my <a href="https://www.covaris.com/s220-focused-ultrasonicator-500217">S220</a>. What could be the cause?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">There could be several reasons why the chiller doesn’t cool the water bath efficiently. First, you should check the fittings – are they firmly connected? Are the hoses free of kinks? Are the hoses being pinched? Have the length of the hoses been increased? Are there any particulates present in the chiller water that can cause clogging? Has the chiller set point been changed? Is the water (or fluid) level in the chiller adequate; low level results in inefficient chilling?</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583904408850 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I have a VWR chiller that came with the Covaris instrument. I can’t change the temperature on the chiller control panel. What should I do?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The reason why the current settings cannot be changed is because the local lockout feature on the controller has been activated. The screen is reading, “LLo[QN1] .” To unlock the controls, press and hold the Select/Set Knob for 10 sec. The screen will read, “CAN,” and the setting can now be modified.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588933432556 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How can I convert a method from one model instrument to another?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">There is not a standard way to transfer method settings between all instruments. The best resource for developing a method is to reference our current shearing protocols which is <a href="/protocols?filter_tag=DNA%20Shearing%20Protocols&filter_tag1=RNA%20Shearing%20Protocols&filter_tag2=Chromatin%20Shearing%20Protocols" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">available here: </a> For advanced questions or for applications not listed on the website, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2e4f5e5e42474d4f5a4741405d5b5e5e415c5a6e4d41584f5c475d004d4143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6908191905000a081d0006071a1c1919061b1d290a061f081b001a470a0604">[email protected]</span></a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588933270583 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How can I properly install Covaris instrument drivers on my laptop?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Instructions for driver installation are available in the <a href="#">instrument user manual</a>. For earlier instrument models (S2 and E210), please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#354150565d464045455a474175565a4354475c461b565a58" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="433726202b303633332c313703202c3522312a306d202c2e">[email protected]</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588933641582 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the latest version of SonoLab 6 software (for E and LE instruments)?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>SonoLab 6.2.8 was the last version of SonoLab 6 software released. SonoLab 6 is technically obsolete and has been replaced by SonoLab 7.3. The SonoLab 7 platform features improved error recording and the addition of history files. The same settings are used for protocols in both versions of software. If you have questions or concerns about upgrading, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c5b1a0a6adb6b0b5b5aab7b185a6aab3a4b7acb6eba6aaa8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6b1f0e0803181e1b1b04191f2b08041d0a19021845080406">[email protected]</span></a>.</p> <table class="faqs_table"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Software Version</th> <th>M220</th> <th>ME220</th> <th>S220</th> <th>E220</th> <th>LE220</th> <th>E220evo</th> </tr> <tr> <td>6.2.8 (can be replaced by 7.3.6.3)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>7.2.1.0</td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>7.3.6.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8.0.0.373</td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583905507257 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can AFA water be cooled in advance to speed up the preparation time?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">AFA water must be degassed prior to cooling. Degassing is very ineffective at colder temperatures. Covaris does not recommend chilling water in advance. The Water Conditioning System is an optional accessory that can be used to keep water clean so that it does not need to be changed more than once a month. It is available for the S, E, and LE series instruments. Please contact your local sales representative for more information.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588933775819 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How can I be sure that the degas pump is running?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The degas pump should be audible when running. Additionally, you can check for very small bubbles coming from the degas outlet tube. If bubbles do not appear to be coming out of the outlet tube, the intake tube may need to be cleaned. The intake tube has 6 very small holes where the water is pulled in. These can be cleaned by wiping down and using a narrow gauge wire to poke through any build up that is blocking the holes. If this does not solve the problem, your degas pump may need to be replaced. Please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#681c0d0b001b1d1818071a1c280b071e091a011b460b0705" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="94e0f1f7fce7e1e4e4fbe6e0d4f7fbe2f5e6fde7baf7fbf9">[email protected]</span></a> if you believe the pump is not working. M and ME instruments do not contain a degas pump.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1732119358101 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Our facility is prohibited from using bleach. Is there an alternative that can be used?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Hydrogen peroxide is a substitute which can be used to clean the tank and internal fittings of the instrument. This should approximately be 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution. In E/LE series instruments with a 5L water tank, this is 1L of 8% hydrogen peroxide which is the most commonly available concentration. For the <a href="https://www.covaris.com/s-series-water-tank-drain-system">S-Series water tank</a>, 1/3 of this amount should be used.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583905606857 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">If the maintenance or check flow light appears on my WCS, how do I turn this off?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The Maintenance light indicates that the filter and bulb need to be replaced (this is recommended annually). After replacement, the alert can be reset with the button inside the cover. See the WCS user manual for additional information.<br /> The Check Flow light indicates that the pressure is building up and water flow is restricted. The hose connections may need to be reset if they are not seated properly. If this does not solve the problem, the filter may need to be replaced if it is blocked.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="vc_tta-panel" id="1583904838995-4e553613-79ab" data-vc-content=".vc_tta-panel-body"><div class="vc_tta-panel-heading"><h4 class="vc_tta-panel-title vc_tta-controls-icon-position-right"><a href="#1583904838995-4e553613-79ab" data-vc-accordion data-vc-container=".vc_tta-container"><span class="vc_tta-title-text">Nucleic Acid Shearing</span><i class="vc_tta-controls-icon vc_tta-controls-icon-plus"></i></a></h4></div><div class="vc_tta-panel-body"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588934187568 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Where can I find DNA shearing protocols?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Shearing protocols differ between instruments. The current DNA shearing protocols are published on our <a href="/protocols?filter_tag=DNA%20Shearing%20Protocols" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">website</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584011715329 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What are the DNA fragment sizes I can get using Covaris Focused-ultrasonicator instruments?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris instruments can provide tunable DNA fragment sizes from 150 bp to 5kbp. Random shearing with Adaptive Focused Acoustics® (AFA®) energy generates a log normal distributed DNA fragment profile. We provide protocols for the most commonly required DNA sizes. <a href="/protocols/">Click here </a> to access all of our protocols or visit the specific instrument webpage. Typically, sizes between the defined protocols may be achieved by increasing the time of the treatment of the nearest size DNA fragment (upper side).</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584011855277 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How can I shear genomic DNA into fragment sizes larger than 5 kb?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The single use g-TUBE can be used to shear DNA into large fragment sizes ranging from 6 kb to 20 kb using a benchtop centrifuge. <a href="/products-services/consumables/g-tube">Click here to learn more about the g-TUBE on the product page </a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1592549224395 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">We have 300 bp DNA which we want to shear to 150 to 200 bp. Can we use the recommended protocol?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Random DNA shearing generates a log normal distribution of fragments. The smaller the size of the input DNA, an exponentially higher amount of energy is required to fragment it to the desired smaller size range. The relationship between size and energy is demonstrated in the figure below. When starting with an input sample containing large fragments of DNA, less energy is required to randomly shear those large fragments to a desired average fragment size. When starting with a smaller input fragment size, more energy is required to shear randomly and generate a distribution of fragments around a desired average fragment size.<br /> Our recommended protocols for shearing genomic DNA as a starting material requires more than a tenfold larger input starting material than the desired fragment size. When the difference between the size of DNA starting material and desired fragment size is small, increasing the AFA treatment time, but maintaining all other AFA parameters is recommended. For example, on the M220 instrument using a microTUBE-130 to shear gDNA to 150 bp, treatment time is 330 sec. If using 300 bp DNA as the starting material for the same size, you will need to increase the shearing time beyond 330 sec. Please run a time course with 10% incremental steps, and check the results on the Bioanalyzer.<br /> Relationship between DNA fragment sizes and total energy needed.<br /> <img src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ShearingDNAFragmentSizeChart-300x230.png" alt="" width="300" height="230" /></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906149246 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I do not see any settings for the fragment size I am interested in, but I see settings for size ranges a bit over and a bit below what I am interested in. How can I optimize settings to get the size range of interest?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Look at the settings which brackets the DNA fragment size of interest. Take the treatment conditions for the larger fragment size and increase the treatment time until the desired fragment size is reached. Conversely, you can take treatment conditions for the smaller size fragment and decrease the treatment time.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1592549322614 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why does the size distribution of fragments seem to get wider with increasing size range?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The scale on an electropherogram generated by the Agilent Bioanalyzer DNA chip is logarithmic, hence it is the shape of the peak. A peak at 2000 bp, with the same base width in seconds as a peak at 500 bp, will cover much wider bp range because of the logarithmic scale. Below is a picture of electropherogram of the 500 bp DNA fragment and the same data shown using a linear scale.<br /> <img src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Chart3.jpg" /><br /> <img src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Chart2.jpg" /></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584012056562 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I have an Illumina protocol for creating 400bp fragments that uses T6 round bottom glass tubes. What alternatives are recommended?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Covaris has developed DNA shearing protocols using a microTUBE-500 that generates an equivalent DNA fragment size distribution as the one generated in T6 tubes. These protocols are available for all Covaris focused-ultrasonicators to find all of the Covaris Focused-ultrasonicator <a href="#">protocols</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906361685 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Aside from the phosphodiester bonds, are there any other bonds broken during processing of my samples with the Covaris AFA?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">To date, there has not been a study to show the effect of acoustic fragmentation on the bonds within the DNA molecule. Indirect evidence from billions of bases sequences so far indicate to a great extent that only phosphodiester bonds are broken during AFA fragmentation of DNA, generating a population of blunt and overhangs of varying lengths which are easily repaired during the initial steps of library preparation.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906398419 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">In what buffer type can I shear my DNA?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">We recommend Tris-EDTA pH 8.0 buffer (TE) to give consistent results for a broad range of DNA fragment sizes.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584012168697 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use the Covaris Focused-ultrasonicator instrument to fragment RNA? If so, what conditions should I use?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, it is possible to fragment RNA using Covaris AFA technology. To fragment mRNA or total RNA into 200 nt fragments <a href="/protocols/">click here </a> to find all Covaris protocols and filter by your specific instrument.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906504055 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use the published protocols to shear PCR amplicons?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, the PCR amplicons can be fragmented using standard protocols as long as the size difference between starting material and desired fragment size is tenfold. The treatment time needs to be adjusted when the size difference is smaller. We recommend running a time course experiment to determine the length of treatment required. As a rule of thumb, if the size of your starting material is within the size range of the generated DNA fragments, you need to extend the treatment time (e.g. if you are trying to get DNA fragments with a mean size of 200 bp the range of fragments that are generated is between 50 and 700 bp).</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906552741 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Does the DNA source have an effect on the shearing conditions and results?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The Covaris AFA random fragmentation is a DNA source independent process. The protocols on the Covaris web site were developed using human, lambda and E. coli genomic DNA. Shorter lengths of starting material may require a longer treatment time to reach the desired fragments sizes.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906588078 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the minimum concentration of input DNA for the g-TUBE?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The g-TUBE has been tested with DNA input as low as 100 ng. For lower inputs, we recommend reducing centrifugation speed if necessary.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584012470704 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use a microcentrifuge tube to shear the DNA?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">No, the sample vial is a critical component of the acoustic circuit of the Covaris AFA process. The sample vessel material, thickness, geometry and the solution in the vessel all play an important role in this circuit. Following the Covaris recommended protocols and using the appropriate Covaris sample vessels will provide the optimal results. <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/M020134.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">This flyer</a> illustrates the dramatic effect on thermal control of using a microcentrifuge tube instead of a microTUBE.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583906677277 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use microTUBE or miniTUBE for DNA storage?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">No, the microTUBE or miniTUBE should not be used for storage, and samples should be transferred after processing.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588939282672 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I notice a fiber inside the microTUBE/milliTUBE. What is the purpose of this fiber, and should I be worried about contamination of my samples from this fiber during treatment?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The fiber inside the tubes serves a dual purpose. The first is providing nucleation sites for inertial cavitation. Cavitation is a process where a bubble in the liquid rapidly collapses creating a microjet that fragments the DNA. The second purpose is to allow for efficient mixing of the sample during processing. The acoustic fiber is thoroughly cleaned during the manufacturing process before being inserted inside the tubes and is free from organic contaminations.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588940406379 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Which centrifuges are compatible with the g-TUBE?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <ul> <li>Eppendorf MiniSpin plus</li> <li>Eppendorf Model 5415 R with temperature set at 30° C</li> <li>Eppendorf Model 5424</li> </ul> <p>If you have another brand of centrifuge, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e4859494888d8785908d8b8a979194948b9690a4878b9285968d97ca878b89" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="9bfaebebf7f2f8faeff2f4f5e8eeebebf4e9efdbf8f4edfae9f2e8b5f8f4f6">[email protected]</span></a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588940799436 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob faq_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why am I not getting consistent results when shearing DNA?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle"> <p>Inconsistent results might be caused by several different factors, however, there are few important things to check first:</p> <ul> <li><b>Sample volume: </b>Each consumable has been optimized for a specific sample volume in order to allow optimal performance. For example, the presence of large headspace allows for the occasional formation of an air gap in the tubes, disrupting the consistent fragmentation of DNA to the desired size range. <a href="/protocols/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Click here </a> to find instrument protocols which include instrument specific recommended sample vessels for different volumes.</li> <li><b>Water level: </b>The water level is critical for DNA shearing. Not only does the water allow for the acoustic energy to couple from the transducer into the tube, it is also important in keeping your sample at the appropriate temperature during processing and minimizing vibrations which could lead to glass tube breakage. Exact water levels to follow are published for each instrument and consumable, <a href="/protocols/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here </a> for the latest information.</li> <li><b>Water bath temperature: </b> Water temperature should be closely controlled and matched to the application. Warmer temperatures promote less forceful collapse of acoustic cavities within the sample fluid, causing a shift toward larger mean fragment size, therefore the water bath temperature during DNA shearing should be tightly controlled.</li> <li><b>Degas level of water: </b>For S, E and LE- series instruments, insufficient degas levels within the bath may result in less efficient acoustic coupling and thereby shift the mean fragment size. System degas pumps should be run in advance and during AFA treatment. Prior to running a process the water bath should be degassed for at least 30 min to one hour, until the “degas” indicator in the SonoLab software can be checked without error.</li> <li><b>Water purity: </b>Foreign materials such as algae and particulates may scatter the high frequency focused acoustic beam, resulting in a shift to larger mean fragment size. Bath water should be pure distilled or DI water, changed daily or cleansed by a Covaris Water Conditioning System.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584012760549 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I am not getting the expected DNA fragment sizes. How can I check whether the instrument is working properly?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">To check whether the instrument is working properly, we recommend using the Covaris DNA Shearing Verification Kit (PN 520120). The user manual is available here for your reference <a href="https://www.covaris.com/dna-shearing-verification-kit-520120">DNA Shearing Verification Kit User Manual</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584013233798 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When analyzing DNA fragments on the Bioanalyzer, I am noticing tailing or even a split peak. What is the probable cause?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Loading too much DNA onto a chip can distort the peak which causes a split or tailing to occur. The split peak or shoulder on the right hand side of the peak can also be caused by an occasional formation of an air gap in a microTUBE or milliTUBE. This will result in partitioning of the liquid within the tube and thus, the sample will not receive uniform acoustic treatment. As a result, larger DNA fragments are observed in the upper region of the electropherogram. To avoid the air gap formation, the correct sample volume for the tube type must be used and care should be taken to avoid introduction of air during pipetting. You can also use the <a href="/catalogsearch/result/?q=520406">Covaris Centrifuge and Heat Block microTUBE Adapter (PN: 500406)</a> or the <a href="/centrifuge-microtube-adapter-6x16mm-25-520059">Centrifuge microTUBE Adapter 6x16mm (25) (PN 520059)</a> to remove any air bubbles introduced during the pipetting of the sample into the microTUBE. This reusable adapter fits most benchtop microcentrifuges.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583907636597 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When analyzing DNA fragments on the Bioanalyzer, I am noticing a small peak near the lower marker. What is the probable cause?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The extra peak can be caused by the presence of RNA in the DNA preparation. The RNA can be sheared similar to DNA into small fragments. However, the single stranded RNA runs faster than DNA fragments of the same length. If you are performing PCR prior to shearing, the smaller peak might also indicate primer dimer formation, an artifact of the PCR reaction not generated by shearing.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583907763081 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">I followed the settings provided in the DNA Shearing Quick Guide for 300bp, but my distribution is centered on 320 bp on a High Sensitivity Bioanalyzer chip. Why is this?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">With the exception of the 320 µl microTUBE-500 protocol (High Sensitivity DNA Kit, cat# 5067-4626), mean DNA fragment size distributions published in Covaris DNA Shearing Guide are based on electropherograms generated from the Agilent Bioanalyzer with DNA 12000 Kit (cat# 5067-1509). DNA fragment representation will vary with analytical systems, therefore, please carry out a time course based on the settings provided in this document to reach the desired fragment size distribution. <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/M020127.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Please see for an illustration. </a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583907797713 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">When I check my sheared samples on a gel, the smear profile looks different to the size range you indicated on your protocol. Why is that?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The smear profile on a gel is dependent on the concentration of the loaded DNA sample, as well as the staining technique that is used. Overloading the gel will give an impression of a wider distribution. Also, staining the gel after the electrophoresis will avoid the gradient formation of Ethidium Bromide.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583907830216 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What is the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate made of?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate is made of a unique polymer for low impedance and better transmission of acoustic energy. The material focuses and efficiently couples acoustic energy and optimizes cavitation. The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has also been designed for integration with common labware such as heat blocks, magnetic bead stands, and most thermal cyclers.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583907867691 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">How can we achieve similar results in the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate to the microTUBE if there is no AFA fiber?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate uses an engineered polymer vessel that incorporates features which effectively controls acoustic cavitation to enable reproducible and precisely tuned hydrodynamic shearing forces.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584013306398 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What Covaris AFA systems can we use the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate with?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Currently, the <a href="/r230-focused-ultrasonicator-500620">R230</a> and the <a href="/le220-plus-focused-ultrasonicator-500569">LE220-plus </a> is the only system validated to work with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1584013406057 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use a heat seal with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Heat sealing is not compatible with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate. Covaris provides a <a href="/96-microtube-plate-thin-foil-seals-25-520235">foil seal </a> that has been optimized to work with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908164326 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use an automated peeler?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">We have not validated any automated peelers for use with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908198548 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use an automated sealer?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Automated foil adhesive sealing with the Biosero KAPS 500 is compatible with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908255343 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I use other adhesive foils other than the one supplied by Covaris?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Additional adhesive foils have not been validated for the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908982392 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What temperature can we incubate the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has been incubated up to 96°C with the Covaris foil seal and a heated lid. We do not recommend incubations above 25°C without a heated lid.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908347030 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Can I store samples in the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Sample storage in the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has not been validated.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908409179 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Why isn’t the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate compatible with LE220?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has been optimized for use with the LE220-plus. The LE220-plus automatic water sensing and adjustments are key for ensuring the proper water level for the cavitation sites on the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate for reproducible processing.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908449740 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">What sample volume can be used with the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Sample volumes for the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate for DNA shearing can range from 5 to 50 ul. Max volume allowance is 200 μl.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908488249 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Which on-deck thermocycler has the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate been validated?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has been validated with the Applied Biosystems Automated Thermal Cycler (ATC).</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583908528704 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Which on-deck magnetic rack has the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate been validated with?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate has been validated with the ALPAQUA Magnum FLX.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1671457803465 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Do I need to use a specific Rack for processing 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate on a Covaris LE220-plus, LE220Rsc, or R230?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">Yes, for the LE220-plus and LE220Rsc, use Rack 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate (PN 500684) and for the R230, use R230 Rack 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate (PN 500668) for processing the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate.</div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583909136668 custom_h5 instrument_lev_1_accordion_mob" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 class="active_toggle">Is it normal that the wells of the 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate are loose?</h2> <div class="accordion_toggle">The 96 AFA-TUBE TPX Plate is designed to have a well tolerance which allows for better shearing performance. 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