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<ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Рәсәйҙә_һәм_СССР-ҙа_метеорология_тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рәсәйҙә_һәм_СССР-ҙа_метеорология_тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Рәсәйҙә һәм СССР-ҙа метеорология тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рәсәйҙә_һәм_СССР-ҙа_метеорология_тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Башҡортостанда_метеорология_хеҙмәте_тарихынан" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Башҡортостанда_метеорология_хеҙмәте_тарихынан"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Башҡортостанда метеорология хеҙмәте тарихынан</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Башҡортостанда_метеорология_хеҙмәте_тарихынан-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Метеорология_бүлектәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Метеорология_бүлектәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Метеорология бүлектәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Метеорология_бүлектәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тикшеренеүҙәр_өлкәһе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тикшеренеүҙәр_өлкәһе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Тикшеренеүҙәр өлкәһе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тикшеренеүҙәр_өлкәһе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Йөкмәткеһе" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Метеорология</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 137 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloch%C3%ADa" title="Meteorolochía — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Meteorolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم الأرصاد الجوية — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الأرصاد الجوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميطورولوجيا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ميطورولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميتيورولوجيا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميتيورولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolox%C3%ADa" title="Meteoroloxía — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Meteoroloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="متورولوژی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="متورولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteuoruoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Meteuoruoluogėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meteuoruoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Метэаралогія — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Метэаралогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мэтэаралёгія — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтэаралёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम बिज्ञान — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मौसम बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আবহাওয়াবিজ্ঞান — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবহাওয়াবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="གནམ་གཤིས་རིག་པ། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiezh" title="Meteorologiezh — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meteorologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9-chi%C3%B4ng" title="Ké-chiông — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-chiông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کەشناسی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەشناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroleg" title="Meteoroleg — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meteoroleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μετεωρολογία — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετεωρολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteologio" title="Meteologio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meteologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolog%C3%ADa" title="Meteorología — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meteorología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloogia" title="Meteoroloogia — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meteoroloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هواشناسی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هواشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmatiid%C3%BCs" title="Ilmatiidüs — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ilmatiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Veðurfrøði — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Veðurfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Météorologie — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Météorologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8t%C3%A8orologia" title="Mètèorologia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mètèorologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4%C3%A4derkunde" title="Wääderkunde — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wääderkunde" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waarkunde" title="Waarkunde — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Waarkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meit%C3%A9areola%C3%ADocht" title="Meitéareolaíocht — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meitéareolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9yoroloji" title="Météyoroloji — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Météyoroloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B2las-s%C3%ACde" title="Eòlas-sìde — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eòlas-sìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolox%C3%ADa" title="Meteoroloxía — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Meteoroloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="מטאורולוגיה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטאורולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteyoloji" title="Meteyoloji — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Meteyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorol%C3%B3gia" title="Meteorológia — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meteorológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օդերևութաբանություն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օդերևութաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologio" title="Meteorologio — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meteorologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Veðurfræði — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Veðurfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="気象学 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気象学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miitaralaji" title="Miitaralaji — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Miitaralaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/timske" title="timske — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="timske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეტეოროლოგია — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტეოროლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="기상학 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기상학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloj%C3%AE" title="Meteorolojî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meteorolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolojiya" title="Meteorolojiya — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Meteorolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolojia" title="Meteorolojia — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Meteorolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteurulug%C3%ADa" title="Meteurulugía — ломбардский" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Meteurulugía" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metey%C3%B3" title="Meteyó — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Meteyó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ອຸຕຸນິຍົມວິທະຍາ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອຸຕຸນິຍົມວິທະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolo%C4%A3ija" title="Meteoroloģija — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meteoroloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Метеорологија — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метеорологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അന്തരീക്ഷവിജ്ഞാനം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തരീക്ഷവിജ്ഞാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="हवामानशास्त्र — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामानशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="မိုးလေဝသပညာ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုးလေဝသပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienche_du_temps" title="Scienche du temps — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Scienche du temps" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موسمیات — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موسمیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="هواپوهنه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هواپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27a_yachay" title="Mit'a yachay — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mit'a yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitiurulugg%C3%ACa" title="Mitiuruluggìa — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitiuruluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කාලගුණ විද්‍යාව — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාලගුණ විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorol%C3%B3gia" title="Meteorológia — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meteorológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologjia" title="Meteorologjia — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meteorologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Метеорологија — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метеорологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metorolojia" title="Metorolojia — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metorolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வானிலையியல் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானிலையியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ҳавошиносӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳавошиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="อุตุนิยมวิทยา — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุตุนิยมวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi%C3%BDa" title="Meteorologiýa — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Meteorologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloji" title="Meteoroloji — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meteoroloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi_ya_maxele" title="Sayensi ya maxele — тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi ya maxele" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Метеорологія — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метеорологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موسمیات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موسمیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoro%C5%82ozia" title="Meteorołozia — венецианский" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Meteorołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венецианский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khí tượng học — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí tượng học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meterolodjeye" title="Meterolodjeye — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Meterolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气象学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეტეოროლოგია — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეტეოროლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מעטעאראלאגיע — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטעאראלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="气象学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-si%C5%8Dng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Khì-siōng-ha̍k — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-siōng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="氣象學 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣象學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25261#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div 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href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25261" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Метеорология</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q25261$81600c6e-49a2-d0c6-298f-3f98ebb2ac52" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Windstorm_Emma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Windstorm_Emma.png/274px-Windstorm_Emma.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Windstorm_Emma.png/411px-Windstorm_Emma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Windstorm_Emma.png/548px-Windstorm_Emma.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="1096" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Ҡыҫҡаса атамаһы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q25261$755d4cdd-4d08-d862-ae4e-c78b29322147" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1813"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="lang" lang="fr">météo</span></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q25261$29176226-4c42-0e77-1c4c-cdfa43db3723" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1813"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="lang" lang="pl">meteo</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Өйрәнеү объекты</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q25261$eafcbee0-4efe-f61a-b3a3-fccda8a2593f" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2578"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Һауа торошо">Һауа торошо</a></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q25261$5cc77f67-4baf-20ed-3d7e-970279a1c3de" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2578"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q2615451&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">циркуляция атмосферы</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2615451" class="extiw" title="d:Q2615451">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q25261$F6884DFA-5848-4974-89D1-1B555DFA9547" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meteorology" title="commons:Category:Meteorology"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meteorology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meteorology">Метеорология Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Метеороло́гия</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">μετεωρο-λογία</span></i> — «<i>һауа күренештәре тураһында фекер йөрөтөү</i>», <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">μετ-έωρα</span></i> — «<i>һауа күренештәре</i>» <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Древнегреческий язык (был бит юҡ)">(др.-греч.</a> μετέωρος metéōros — атмосферные и небесные явления, «небесный») + <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">λογία</span></i> — <i>фән</i>) — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера Земли (был бит юҡ)">Ер атмосфераһы</a> төҙөлөшө һәм үҙенсәлектәре, унда барған физик һәм химик процестар тураһында белемдең фәнни-ғәмәли өлкәһе. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Norman_OK_meteorologist.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Norman_OK_meteorologist.png/220px-Norman_OK_meteorologist.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Norman_OK_meteorologist.png/330px-Norman_OK_meteorologist.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Norman_OK_meteorologist.png/440px-Norman_OK_meteorologist.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Метеоролог <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Национальное управление океанических и атмосферных исследований (был бит юҡ)">Национального управления океанических и атмосферных исследований США</a> в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Оклахома (был бит юҡ)">Оклахоме</a> за работой</figcaption></figure> <p>Күп кенә илдәрҙә метеорологияны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера физикаһы (был бит юҡ)">атмосфера физикаһы</a> тип йөрөтәләр, был уның бөгөнгө тәғәйенләнешенә нығыраҡ тап килә. </p><p>Метеорологтарҙың күбеһе һауа торошон күҙаллауҙың, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат">климат</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера (был бит юҡ)">атмосфераны</a> тикшереүҙең (радарҙар, спутниктар һәм башҡалар менән) моделен әҙерләү менән шөғөлләнә. Ҡалғандары авиация, диңгеҙ флотын, ауыл хужалығын, төҙөлөштө һауа торошон күҙаллау менән тәьмин итеүсе хөкүмәт ойошмаларында һәм хәрби ойошмаларҙа, шәхси компанияларҙа эшләй, шулай уҡ уларҙы радио һәм телевидение аша тапшыра . </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg/220px-Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg/330px-Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg/440px-Wetterstation_Deutscher_Wetterdienst_Neuenheimer_Feld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Автоматическая <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеостанция (был бит юҡ)">метеостанция</a> в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гейдельберг (был бит юҡ)">Гейдельберге</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«Метеорология» (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">μετεωρο-λογία</span></i> һүҙе — «<i> һауа күренештәре тураһында фекер йөрөтөү</i>») <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Платон">Платон</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аристотель">Аристотель</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Плутарх">Плутарх</a> хеҙмәттәрендә осрай . Аристотелдең «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеорологика (был бит юҡ)">Метеорологика»</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">«Μετεωρολογικά»</span></i>) исемле трактатында һауа күренештәре һүрәтләнә. Аристотель үҙ хеҙмәтен «та метеора» (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">τά μετέωρα</span></i>) («<i>небесные явления</i>») төшөнсәһе менән бәйләй. Улар иҫәбенә ғалим <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Ямғыр">ямғыр</a> һәм кометаларҙы, боҙ яуыу һәм метеорҙарҙы, йәйғор һәм төньяҡ һаҙағайын индерә. </p><p>Метеорология фән булараҡ XVII быуатта <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галилео Галилей">Галилео Галилей</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр">термометр</a></i> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5,_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Герике, Отто фон (был бит юҡ)">Отто фон Герике</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Барометр (был бит юҡ)">барометр</a></i> уйлап сығарғас барлыҡҡа килә. XVII быуатта шулай уҡ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гигрометр (был бит юҡ)">гигрометр</a>, ямғыр үлсәгес, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флюгер (был бит юҡ)">флюгер</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Анемометр (был бит юҡ)">анемометр</a> эшләнә. Тоскана герцогы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Леопольдо Медичи (был бит юҡ)">Леопольдо Медичи</a> Флоренцияла <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Академия дель Чименто (был бит юҡ)">Академия дель Чиментола</a> (уның бойороғо буйынса булдырылған) Европа территорияһында һауа торошо тураһында мәғлүмәтте йыя башларға ҡуша, һәм 1654 йылда герцогтың секретары иезуит Антинори туғыҙ метеостанцияла һауа торошон күҙәтеүҙе ойоштора (башлыса <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италияла</a>, иң алыҫы <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Варшава">Варшавала</a>). Был селтәр 1667 йылға тиклем, Академия дель Чименто ябылғансы, эшләй. </p><p>1723 йылда Лондон король йәмғиәте секретары <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джеймс Джурин (был бит юҡ)">Джеймс Джурин</a> һауа торошон күҙәтеү буйынса инструкция эшләй, унда үлсәүҙәрҙең стандарт таблицаһы формаһын , кәрәкле приборҙар исемлеген һәм температураны үлсәү методикаһын һүрәтләү, һауа баҫымын, ел көсөн һәм йүнәлешен индерә, был инструкцияны ул Европаның йөҙҙән ашыу ғалимына ебәрә. Икенсе Европа метеостанциялары селтәре 1735 йылға тиклем эшләй. </p><p>Рәсәйҙә һауа торошон күҙәтеү станциялар селтәре «Бөйөк Төньяҡ экспедицияһы» ваҡытында барлыҡҡа килә. Күҙәтеүселәр өсөн инструкцияны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бернулли, Даниил (был бит юҡ)">Даниил Бернулли</a> яҙа. 1733 йылдан 1744 йылғаса <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер">Себерҙә</a> 24 метеостанция ойошторола. </p><p>1781 йылда Мангеймда Пфальц курфюрсты Фәндәр академияһында (Kurpfälzische Akademie der Wissenschaften ) донъялағы тәүге метеорология йәмғиәте төҙөлә. Ул төрлө илдәрҙә йәшәүсе күҙәтеүселәрҙе бер иш приборҙар менән тәьмин итә, уның программаһы буйынса <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кеймбридж (Массачусетс) (был бит юҡ)">Кембридждан</a> ( <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АҠШ">АҠШ</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урал">Уралға</a> тиклем 39 метеостанция эшләй. Йәмғиәт үлсәүҙәрҙе көнөнә дүрт тапҡыр  — 7, 11, 14 һәм 21 сәғәттә үткәрергә тәҡдим итә . </p><p>1802 йылда <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ламарк, Жан Батист (был бит юҡ)">Жан-Батист Ламарк</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Говард, Люк (был бит юҡ)">Люк Говард</a> (бер-береһенән айырым) <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Болот">болоттарҙың</a> үҙ классификацияһы системаларын тәҡдим итә. Ламарк терминологияһы фәнни ҡулланышҡа инмәй ҡала, сөнки ул француз телендә була ( <sup id="cite_ref-The_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds———_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds———-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Говард <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Карл Линней">Карл Линней</a> тарафынан булдырылған хайуандар һәм үҫемлектәр донъяһы номенклатураһын иҫтә тотоп, үҙ классификацияһын <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">латин телендә</a> яҙа. Говард болоттарға хәҙер бөтә донъяла ҡабул ителгән атамалар бирә, улар төп өс төрҙән тора: «cumulus» (ҡуйы -<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кучевые облака (был бит юҡ)">кучевые</a>), «stratus» (ҡатлаулы- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Слоистые облака (был бит юҡ)">слоистые</a>), «cirrus» (ҡыйғас -<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Перистые облака (был бит юҡ)">перистые</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-RMetS———_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMetS———-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Төп төрҙәрҙән комбинациялар тағы ла дүрт төр болотто һүрәтләргә мөмкинлек бирә: ҡыйғас-ҡуйы («cirro-cumulus»), ҡыйғас- ҡатлаулы («cirro-stratus»), ҡуйы- ҡатлаулы ( «cumulostratus»),ҡуйы-ҡыйғас-ҡатлаулы ( «сumulo-cirro-stratus»), йәки ямғыр («nimbus»<sup id="cite_ref-RMetS———_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMetS———-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) болото. </p><p>1853 йылда Брюсселдәге конференцияла төп диңгеҙ дәүләттәре диңгеҙҙә метеорология күҙәтеүҙәре алып барыу принциптарын тикшерә, бынан һуң <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бөйөк Британия">Бөйөк Британияла</a> Сауҙа буйынса комитетта ( Board of Trade) метеоролог-статистик вазифаһы булдырыла, ул вазифаға <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фицрой, Роберт (был бит юҡ)">Роберт Фицрой</a> билдәләнә. Уға бер нисә ярҙамсы бирелә. Шулай итеп, тарихта тәүге дәүләт метеорология ведомствоһына нигеҙ һалына (Met Office). </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ҡырым һуғышы">Ҡырым һуғышы</a> ваҡытында 1854 йылдың 14 ноябрендә 60 инглиз һәм француз карабы дауылда һәләк була. Бынан һуң ноябрь аҙағында Париж обсерваторияһы директоры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Урбен Жан Жозеф Леверье (был бит юҡ)">Урбен Леверье</a> үҙенең Европалағы таныш ғалимдарынан 12 ноябрҙән 16 ноябргә тиклем һауа торошо тураһында мәғлүмәт биреүҙәрен һорай. Был мәғлүмәттәрҙе алып, картаға теркәгәс, Ҡара диңгеҙҙә караптарҙы батырған дауылды алдан күҙаллап булғаны асыҡлана. 1855 йылдың февралендә Леверье <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Наполеон III (был бит юҡ)">Наполеон III</a> исеменә үҙәкләштерелгән метеорология күҙәтеүҙәре селтәрен булдырыу перспективалары тураһында доклад ебәрә, метеорология мәғлүмәттәрен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Телеграф">телеграф</a> аша ебәреүҙе тәҡдим итә. 19 февралдә Леверье реаль ваҡыт арауығында алынған мәғлүмәттәр буйынса төҙөлгән һауа торошоноң тәүге картаһын төҙөй. </p><p>Бөйөк Британияла Фицрой бөтә Англия караптары капитандарына <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Һауа торошо">һауа торошон</a> күҙәтергә, температура күрһәткестәрен, ел көсө һәм йүнәлешен билдәләп, барометр күрһәткестәрен ҡарап, бар мәғлүмәтте махсус эшләнгән таблицаларға яҙып барырға ҡуша. Бының өсөн ул бөтә караптарҙы ла яңы ҡоролмалар менән тәьмин итеүҙе талап итә. Бөйөк Британия, Европаның ҡайһы бер илдәрендә диңгеҙ яры буйында 24 метеорология станцияһы эшләнә. 19 Бөйөк Британияла, береһе — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Копенгаген">Копенгагенда</a>, береһе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Нидерланды">Нидерландтарҙа</a>, икәү Францияла (Брест һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Байен (был бит юҡ)">Байен</a> ҡалаларында) һәм тағы ла берәү <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон">Лиссабонда</a>. Яңы ғына уйлап табылған Морзе телеграфы аша был станциялар һауа торошо хеҙмәте үҙәге менән тоташтырыла. Был станцияларҙа йыйылған һауа торошо тураһында мәғлүмәт һауа торошо хеҙмәте үҙәгендә анализлана, һәм ошо анализ нигеҙендә рекомендациялар бирелә. Рекомендациялар телеграф аша станцияларға ебәрелә. Тәүге синоптик карталар төҙөлә, улар нигеҙендә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һауа торошон күҙаллауҙар (был бит юҡ)">һауа торошон күҙаллауҙар</a> бирелә башлай. «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Таймс (был бит юҡ)">Таймс»</a> һауа торошон күҙаллауҙары баҫтырып сығарыусы тәүге гәзит була. </p><p>1873 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вена">Венала</a> тәүге халыҡ-ара метеорологтар конгресы үтә, бында үлсәүҙәрҙең берҙәм ваҡыты, метеомәғлүмәт тапшырыуҙың берҙәм телеграф коды булдырыла. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg/220px-Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg/330px-Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg/440px-Meyers_b16_s0570.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Синоптическая карта Европы 1887 г.</figcaption></figure> <p>1917 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> метеорологы Вильгельм Бьеркнес <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Атмосфера фронттары">атмосфера фронты</a> концепцияһын тәҡдим итә. Фронтологик анализ принциптары 1940-се йылдар аҙағынаса һауа торошо күҙаллауҙарҙың төп фәнни нигеҙе булып ҡала. </p><p>1930 йылдан башлап, атмосфераның юғары ҡатламдарын тикшереү өсөн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радиозонд (был бит юҡ)">радиозондтар</a> ҡуллана башлайҙар. Донъяла аэрологик станцияларҙың ҡуйы селтәре тик <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы">Икенсе донъя һуғышынан</a> һуң ғына булдырыла. Ошо сәбәпле 1946-1953 йылдарҙа <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Һауа торошо">һауа торошон</a> күҙаллауҙар теүәлерәк була бара. </p><p>1961-1967 йылдарҙа һауа торошон күҙәтеүҙә һәм күҙаллауҙа <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%92%D0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЭВМ (был бит юҡ)">ЭВМ</a>, метеорологик спутниктар ҡулланыла башлай, һауа торошон күҙаллауҙар күҙгә күренеп яҡшыра, был йүнәлештә һиҙелерлек алға китеш була<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рәсәйҙә_һәм_СССР-ҙа_метеорология_тарихы"><span id=".D0.A0.D3.99.D1.81.D3.99.D0.B9.D2.99.D3.99_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D0.A1.D0.A1.D0.A1.D0.A0-.D2.99.D0.B0_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Рәсәйҙә һәм СССР-ҙа метеорология тарихы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рәсәйҙә һәм СССР-ҙа метеорология тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Рәсәйҙә һәм СССР-ҙа метеорология тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1944)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg/400px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg/600px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg/800px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%95._%D0%9C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%281944%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="4216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Красноармейская книжка (был бит юҡ)">Красноармейская книжка</a> образца 1944 года <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Старшина (был бит юҡ)">старшины</a> Е. М. Добрышмана<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1919—2016), старшего <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеоролог (был бит юҡ)">метеоролога</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Военный институт Вооружённых Сил Кыргызской Республики (был бит юҡ)">Одесской военной школы пилотов</a>, в декабре 1941 года переброшенной под <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кант (авиабаза) (был бит юҡ)">Фрунзе</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Киргизия (был бит юҡ)">Киргизия</a>). После войны — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Доктор наук (был бит юҡ)">доктор физ.-мат наук</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Профессор (был бит юҡ)">профессор</a>, до 2015 года — сотрудник <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90._%D0%9C._%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Институт физики атмосферы имени А. М. Обухова РАН (был бит юҡ)">Института физики атмосферы</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="dablink noprint">Төп мәҡәлә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Росгидромет (был бит юҡ)">Росгидромет</a></b> </div> <p>Һауа торошон даими күҙәтеүҙе батша Алексей Михайлович беренсе булып ойошторорға тырышҡан . Уның ҡушыуы буйынса Европанан астрономия инструменттары һәм метеорологик ҡоролмалар , Галилейҙың уҡыусыһы Эванджелист Торричелли уйлап сығарған барометр ҙа ҡайтартыла. Тик батша ҡушыуы буйынса һауа торошон күҙәтергә тейешле дьяк улы Афанасий Матюшкин, инструменттарҙы ҡулланмай, «Дневальные записки» тигән көндәлегендә үҙ күҙәтеүҙәрен: ҡасан ямғыр башланған, ҡасан туҡтаған, ҡасан Мәскәү йылғаһы туңған, ҡасан боҙ киткәнен генә яҙа<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>XVII быуат аҙағы ( <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_I" title="Пётр I">Петр I</a> осоронда) — һауа торошон даими күҙәтеү башланған.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1715_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1715 йыл">1715 йыл</a> — Рәсәйҙә тәүге һыу кимәлен үсәү посы, Петр I бойороғо буйынса, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нева">Нева</a> йылғаһында Петропавловская крепость янында булдырыла.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1722" class="mw-redirect" title="1722">1722йылдың</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=10_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 апрел (был бит юҡ)">10 апрелендә</a> Петр Беренсе указы менән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Санкт-Петербург">Санкт-Петербургта</a> һауа торошон даими күҙәтеү башлана. Яҙыуҙарҙы вице-адмирал <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B9%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Корнелиус Крюйс (был бит юҡ)">Корнелиус Крюйс</a> алып бара. Баштараҡ был яҙмалар бик ҡыҫҡа була һәм ошолайыраҡ итеп алып барыла: <i>« 22 апрель, йәкшәмбе. Иртәнгә табан ел норд-вест; һыу элекке кимәлдә тора. Көн болотло һәм һыуыҡ … төшкө ваҡытта көсһөҙ генә норд-вест һәм төштән һуң ямғыр. Кискә тиклем тыныс һәм матур көн».</i> Һуңыраҡ күҙәтеүҙәр фәнгә яҡыная төшә.</li> <li>1724 йылда Рәсәйҙә тәүге <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеорология станцияһы (был бит юҡ)">метеорология станцияһы</a> ойошторола, 1725 йылдың декабренән Фәндәр академияһында һауа торошон күҙәтеүҙә барометр һәм термометр ҡулланыла башлай</li> <li>XVIII быуаттың 30-сы йылдары — 20 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеостанция (был бит юҡ)">метеостанциянан</a> торған һауа торошон күҙәтеү селтәре булдырыла- «Бөйөк төньяҡ экспедиция»(«<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Великая северная экспедиция (был бит юҡ)">Великая северная экспедиция»</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="1 апреля">1 апреля</a> <a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a> йылдың <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 апрел (был бит юҡ)">1 апреле</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербургта</a> «Төп физик обсерватория» асыла- «Главная физическая обсерватория» (ГФО). (хәҙерге «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Главная геофизическая обсерватория (был бит юҡ)">Главная геофизическая обсерватория»</a> им. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Воейков, Александр Иванович (был бит юҡ)">А. И. Воейкова</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%93%D0%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ГГО (был бит юҡ)">ГГО</a>)). <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1868 год (был бит юҡ)">1868</a>…<a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 год (был бит юҡ)">1895</a> — директоры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вильд Генрих Иванович (был бит юҡ)">Г. И. Вильд</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1896 год (был бит юҡ)">1896</a>…<a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 год (был бит юҡ)">1913</a> — директоры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рыкачёв Михаил Александрович (был бит юҡ)">М. А. Рыкачёв</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, уның исеме Таймыр ярымутрауы янындағы бер утрауға бирелгән</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 год (был бит юҡ)">1913</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1916_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916 год (был бит юҡ)">1916</a> — директоры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Голицын Борис Борисович (был бит юҡ)">Б. Б. Голицын</a></li></ul></li> <li>XIX быуаттың 70-се йылдарында  — ҙур йылғалар һәм күлдәрҙә бик күп гидрологик күҙәтеүҙәр пункттарынан торған селтәр булдырыла.</li> <li>1872 йылдың <a href="/wiki/1_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1 ғинуар">1 ғинуары</a> — ГФО Европа һәм Себер өсөн көндәлек синоптик карталар һәм метеорологик бюллетень эшләп сығарыуға тотона ( был көндө Рәсәйҙә һауа торошо хеҙмәте тыуған көн тип иҫәпләйҙәр).</li> <li>1892 г. — «Метеорологик айлыҡ белешмә» ( «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метеорологический ежемесячник (был бит юҡ)">Метеорологический ежемесячник»</a>) сыға башлай.</li> <li>1921 йылдың <a href="/w/index.php?title=21_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21 июн (был бит юҡ)">21 июне</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92._%D0%98._%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="В. И. Ленин">В. И. Ленин</a> «РСФСР-ҙа метеорология хеҙмәтен ойоштороу тураһында» («Об организации метеорологической службы в РСФСР») декретына ҡул ҡуя.</li> <li>1929 йылдың авгусында — СССР хөкүмәте ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%9A_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="СНК СССР (был бит юҡ)">СНК СССР</a>) берҙәм Гидрометеорология хеҙмәтен булдырыу тураһында ҡарар ҡабул итә . <ul><li>уның ойоштороусыһы һәм етәксеһе — Алексей Феодосиевич Вангенгейм, СССР Халыҡ Комиссарҙары Советы янындағы Гидрометеорология комитеты рәйесе. (1934 йылда 10 йылға иркенәнән мәхрүм ителә )<sup id="cite_ref-svobodanews-2007-08-25_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svobodanews-2007-08-25-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>1930 йылдың 1 ғинуары — «Үҙәк һауа торошо бюроһы» эшен башлай («Центральное бюро погоды»).</li></ul> <p>Хәҙерге заманда метеорологик мәғлүмәттәрҙе тапшырыу өсөн компьютер селтәре ҡулланыла, был мәғлүмәттәрҙе йыйнаҡлау алгоритмын яҡшыртырға мөмкинлек бирә: ғәҙәти хәреф һәм цифраларҙан торған код урынына таблицалар төҙөлә, уларҙың кодын сисеүе һәм аңлауы еңел бирелә<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Башҡортостанда_метеорология_хеҙмәте_тарихынан"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.88.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D1.85.D0.B5.D2.99.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BD"></span>Башҡортостанда метеорология хеҙмәте тарихынан</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Башҡортостанда метеорология хеҙмәте тарихынан бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Башҡортостанда метеорология хеҙмәте тарихынан бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Башҡортостанда тәүге метеорология күҙәтеүҙәре <a href="/wiki/XVIII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XVIII быуат">XVIII быуат</a> аҙағында ойошторола. Уларҙы айырым крайҙы өйрәнеүселәр алып бара, мәҫәлән, Өфөлә 1780 йылдан алып, егерме йылдан ашыу Ребеллинский, һуңыраҡ 1835 — 1850 йылдарҙа аптекарь Боссе үҙ күҙәтеүҙәрен теркәп барған. 1838 йылдан башлап <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%84%D3%A9" title="Өфө">Өфө</a> ирҙәр гимназияһында (хәҙерге медицина университетының бер бинаһы), 1912 йылдан Өфөнөң көньяҡ-көнбайыш ситендә (хәҙерге Телеүҙәк тирәһе) урынлашҡан метеостанцияла һауа торошон даими күҙәтеү ойошторола <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg/230px-Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg/345px-Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg/460px-Bridge_across_Belaya_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg/200px-Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg/300px-Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg/400px-Bridge_on_Belaya_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <p>1877 йылдың 9 сентябрендә хәҙерге <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Дуҫлыҡ монументы">Дуҫлыҡ монументы</a> янындағы күпер тирәһендә, Золотуха биҫтәһендә Ағиҙел йылғаһындағы һыу күләмен үлсәү посы булдырыла. Ошо ваҡыттан алып, был урындағы пост үҙ эшен дауам итә. 1880 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Бөрө">Бөрө</a> ҡалаһы, Андреевка ауылы янында Ағиҙел йылғаһы кимәлен үлсәү өсөн ике гидрология посы , 1912 йылда Ҡариҙел ауылында Ҡариҙел йылғаһында гидропост булдырыла. </p><p>1875 йылдан метеорология күҙәтеүҙәре <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Бөрө">Бөрөлә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="Благовещен">Благовещен</a> заводында, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%B9" title="Бәләбәй">Бәләбәй</a> ауыл хужалығы мәктәбендә алып барыла. </p><p>1895 йылда Өфө губерна земствоһы һауа торошон күҙәтеүҙе даими алып барыусы метеорология станциялары селтәрен булдыра. Был эштең башлап йөрөүсеһе <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡазан университеты">Ҡазан университеты</a> профессоры Д.А.Гольдгаммер булған. Профессор Гольдгаммер — Рәсәйҙең Көнсығышында метеорология селтәренә нигеҙ һалыусы, 1895 йылдан 1912 йылдың 1 ғинуарына тиклем Өфө метеоселтәре был селтәргә ингән . 1912 йылда Башҡортостанда 22 метеостанция эшләй. 1892 йылда Бөрөлә, 1912 йылда Шишмәлә, 1914 йылда Асҡында һәм Мәләүездә , 1917 йылда Баҡалыла метеостанциялар булдырыла. </p><p>Өфө Метеорология бюроһы 1913 йылдың 22 майынан башлап эшләй, уның тәүге мөдире— Константин Иванович Михеев. 1913 —1917 йылдарҙа был хеҙмәт яҡшы ғына эшләй. 1916 йылда Өфө губернаһында 88 метеорология станцияһы һәм пункты була, уларҙың дүртеһе <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Екатеринбург">Екатеринбург</a> физика обсерваторияһы, ҡалғандары земство иҫәбенә тотола. Земстволар бөтөрөлгәс, был станциялар ҙа ябыла. </p><p>Граждандар һуғышы эҙемтәләре метеохеҙмәтте лә бик ауыр хәлгә килтерә. 1920 йылда барыһы 6 станция эшләй, улар араһында 1912 йылдан Шишмәлә һәм 1914 йылдан башлап, Бөрөләге станциялар иң тотороҡло эшләгәне була <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1921 йылдың ғинуарынан Өфөгә губерна ер бүлегенә (губземотдел) метеорология инспекторы итеп Кургузов Яков Васильевич саҡырыла. Метеокүҙәтеүҙәр селтәре бик яй тергеҙелә, приборҙар етешмәй, 1921 йылда ҡот осҡос ҡоролоҡ һәм аслыҡ була. 1925 йылдан башлап, инспекторҙар метеорология станцияларында йөрөп, инструктаж үткәрә һәм күҙәтеүҙәрҙе тикшерә, ай һайын бюллетендәр сығарыла башлай. 1932 йылда республикала 39 метеостанция, 38 ямғыр кимәлен билдәләүсе пункт, 16 гидрология станцияһы, 98 йылғаларҙа һыу кимәлен билдәләү посы эшләй. </p><p>1923—1930 йылдарҙа Башнаркомзем янында Метеорология бюроһы эшләй, мөдире— Константин Иванович Михеев. Башҡорт АССР-ы Совнаркомы янында 1930 йылдың 19 ғинуарында Гидрометеорология бюроһы булдырыла. Гидрометбюро рәйесе— Корхов Михаил Никифорович. 1932 йылдан Гидрометкомитет рәйесе — Тернер Евстафий Владимирович. </p><p>1933 йылда Өфөлә булдырылған Гидрометеорология хеҙмәте идараһы 1937 йылға тиклем эшләй . ЦУГМС- тың бойороғо буйынса 1937 йылдың 23 мартынан БАССР гидрометеоролгия хеҙмәте идаралығы бөтөрөлөп, бөтә материалдар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Свердловск">Свердловск</a> ( Урал) гидрометеохеҙмәт идаралығына тапшырыла, Өфөлә Свердловск гидрометология хеҙмәте идаралығы бүлексәһе эшләй башлай. </p><p>1948— 1964 йылдарҙа Өфөлә эшләгән Гидрометбюро (Урал Гидрометеохеҙмәт идаралығы составында ) етәксеһе— Пацков Алексей Алексеевич . 1964 йылдың декабрендә Өфө гидрометобсерватория ойошторола, ул 1982 йылдың ғинуарына тиклем эшләй. 1964— 1979 йылдарҙа уның етәксеһе Мәскәү гидрометинститут тамамлаған синоптик Никульшина Галина Алексеевна була. </p><p>1979 йылда гидрометобсерватория етәксеһе вазифаһына <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лапиков Василий Васильевич (был бит юҡ)">Лапиков Василий Васильевич</a> тәғәйенләнә ( Ленинград гидрометеорология институтынан һуң 8 йыл Амурҙағы Комсомольск ҡалаһы авиаметстанцияһында эшләгән). Метеостанциялар селтәре тулыһынса Урал УГКС-ына буйһона. Республика хужалығы үҫеүе, гидрометеорология хеҙмәтен ҡайтанан ойоштороу кәрәк булғанлыҡтан Урал идаралығынан айырылып сығыу хәжәте тыуа. </p><p>Өфө Гидрометобсерваторияһы директоры Лапиков В.В. республика етәкселеге ярҙамы менән Башҡортостан территория идаралығын булдырыу планын төҙөй . 1982 йылда үҙ балансы булған Башҡортостан Гидрометобсерваторияһы булдырыла, уның ҡарамағына бар метеостанция һәм постар ҙа күсә. </p><p>Идаралыҡтың материаль-техник базаһын нығытыу ихтыяжынан сығып, 1983 йылда идаралыҡтың яңы бинаһы төҙөлә башлай . 1985 йылдың ғинуарында идаралыҡ был бинала эш башлай. 1986 йылдың 1 ғинуарынан Башҡортостан гидрометобсерватория, Гидрометеорология һәм тәбиғәт мөхите бысраныуын тикшереү һәм контролдә тотоу хеҙмәте , Башҡортостан территорияһындағы Урал территориаль идаралығы оператив- производство ойошмалары нигеҙендә Башҡортостан гидрометеорология һәм тәбиғәт мөхитен контролдә тотоу идаралығы булдырыла. 1989 йылда – УГКС Башҡортостан УГМС-ы, 1992 йылдан - Гидрометеоролгия һәм тәбиғәт мөхите мониторингы идаралағы. 1979 -2007 йылдарҙа идаралыҡ етәксеһе- атҡаҙанған метеоролог, география фәндәре кандидаты <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лапиков Василий Васильевич (был бит юҡ)">Лапиков Василий Васильевич</a>. </p><p>1994 — 2002 йылдарҙа 14 яңы метеорология станцияһы булдырыла, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9" title="Дүртөйлө">Дүртөйлө</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Сибай">Сибайҙа</a> яңы станциялар асыла. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Баймаҡ">Баймаҡта</a>, Павловкала (Нуриман районы), Оло-Тәләктә (Иглин районы) яңы биналар төҙөлә. 2002 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Туймазы">Туймазыла</a> Мониторинг үҙәге асыла. </p><p>2000-2001 йылдарҙа метеоселтәр компьютерлаштырыла. 2002 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башҡортостан">Башҡортостанда</a> 38 станция, 3 гидрология станцияһы, 1 күл посы, 15 метеопост, 68 гидрология посы, 7 лаборатория, 24 атмосфера бысраныуын күҙәтеүсе пункт, 38 (50 створ) ер өҫтө һыуҙарының бысраныуын күҙәтеүсе пункт булған. </p><p>2003-2004 йылдарҙа финанс ауырлыҡтары булыу сәбәпле 7 метеостанция, 10 метеопост, 2 лаборатория, 4 атмосфера һауаһы бысраныуҙы күҙәтеү пункты ябыла. 2007-2013 йылдарҙа идаралыҡ етәксеһе- Ферапонтов Юрий Иванович. </p><p>2010-2011 йылдарҙа (ФЦП «Модернизация и техническое перевооружение Росгидромета» бойороғона ярашлы ) бөтә метеостанцияларҙа ла автоматик метеорология комплекстары (АМК) ҡуйыла. 2013 йылда Баймаҡ метеостанцияһы ябыла, Бүздәк, Раевка, Үрге Йәркәй ҡыҫҡартылған күҙәтеү программаһына күсерелә<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2013 йылдың ноябренән «Башҡортостан гидрометеорология һәм тирә- яҡ мөхитте мониторинглау» Федераль дәүләт бюджет учреждениеһы етәксеһе итеп Горохольская Вилора Зиннуровна тәғәйенләнә. </p><p>2014 йылда Башҡортостанда 32 станция, 3 гидрология һәм 1 күл станцияһы, 68 гидрометеорология посы, 5 лаборатория, 20 атмосфера һауаһын күҙәтеү пункты, 39 ер өҫтө һыуҙары бысраныуын күҙәтеү пункты булған. Автоматик метеорология станциялар Белорет районы Рәүәт (рус.Ревет) һәм Николаевка ауылында, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Бөрйән районы">Бөрйән районы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D2%AB%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="Иҫке Собханғол">Иҫке Собханғол</a> ауылында, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Шүлгәнташ ҡурсаулығы">Шүлгәнташ ҡурсаулығына</a> ҡуйылған. Рәүәттә,Кесе Инйәрҙә һыу кимәлен һәм температураһын билдәләүсе автоматик гидрология комплексы ҡуйылған. </p><p>Росгидромет селтәрен техник яҡтан ҡайтанан ҡоралландырыу проекты буйынса станциялар һәм постарҙы техник яҡтан яңыртыу көтөлә. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:View_over_Ufa_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/View_over_Ufa_River.jpg/160px-View_over_Ufa_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/View_over_Ufa_River.jpg/240px-View_over_Ufa_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/View_over_Ufa_River.jpg/320px-View_over_Ufa_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg/181px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg/271px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg/361px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Метеорология_бүлектәре"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B1.D2.AF.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Метеорология бүлектәре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Метеорология бүлектәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Метеорология бүлектәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физик метеорология (был бит юҡ)">Физик метеорология</a> ( атмосфера күренештәрен радиолокация һәм космос ысулдары менән тикшереүҙе ойоштороу)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Динамик метеорология (был бит юҡ)">Динамик метеорология</a> ( атмосфера процестарынның физик механизмдарын өйрәнеү)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Синоптик метеорология (был бит юҡ)">Синоптик метеорология</a> ( һауа торошо үҙгәреүҙең законлығын өйрәнеү фәне).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Климатология (был бит юҡ)">Климатология</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аэрология (был бит юҡ)">Аэрология</a> ( Ер өҫтөнән бер 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Хромов С. 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Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1989.-184 с.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks navigation-box ruwikiWikimediaNavigation" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); 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Курс лекций</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2019 йыл 25 май <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525135527/http://lekcia.com/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRMetS"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/luke-howard-and-cloud-names">Luke Howard and Cloud Names</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. Royal Meteorological Society. <small>Дата обращения: 24 октябрь 2015.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2015 йыл 19 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019080353/http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/luke-howard-and-cloud-names">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFThe_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFThe_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds1999"><i>Keith.C.Heidorn.</i> <span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/history/howard.htm">Luke Howard: The Man Who Named The Clouds</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span> (1999). <small>Дата обращения: 24 октябрь 2015.</small></span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ерҙе_өйрәнеүсе_фәндәр" data-name="Ерҙе өйрәнеүсе фәндәр"><table class="nowraplinks 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слой</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стратопауза (был бит юҡ)">Стратопауза</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ионосфера (был бит юҡ)">Ионосфера</a> ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезосфера (был бит юҡ)">Мезосфера</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезопауза (был бит юҡ)">Мезопауза</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Линия Кармана (был бит юҡ)">Линия Кармана</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термосфера (был бит юҡ)">Термосфера</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термопауза (был бит юҡ)">Термопауза</a> ) — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Турбопауза (был бит юҡ)">Турбопауза</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Экзобаза (был бит юҡ)">Экзобаза</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Экзосфера (был бит юҡ)">Экзосфера</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Һауа">Һауа</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера (был бит юҡ)">Атмосфера</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стандарт атмосфера (был бит юҡ)">Стандарт атмосфера</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера физикаһы (был бит юҡ)">Атмосфера физикаһы</a> — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Метеорология</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Климатология (был бит юҡ)">Климатология</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Метеорологическое оборудование (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Метеорологическое оборудование</a> </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds———-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds———_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Man_Who_Named_The_Clouds">The Man Who Named The Clouds</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RMetS———-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RMetS———_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RMetS———_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRMetS">RMetS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoinfo.ru/about/ugryumov/2559-1246618396">А.Угрюмов. «По сведениям Гидрометцентра…»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Евгений Михайлович Добрышман (к 95-летию со дня рождения). — В: Метеорология и гидрология // <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гидрометеоиздат (был бит юҡ)">Гидрометеоиздат</a>. — 2014. — № 4. — С. 126—127. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Международный стандартный серийный номер (был бит юҡ)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigla.ru/table.jsp?f=8&t=3&v0=0130-2906&f=1003&t=1&v1=&f=4&t=2&v2=&f=21&t=3&v3=&f=1016&t=3&v4=&f=1016&t=3&v5=&bf=4&b=&d=0&ys=&ye=&lng=&ft=&mt=&dt=&vol=&pt=&iss=&ps=&pe=&tr=&tro=&cc=UNION&i=1&v=tagged&s=0&ss=0&st=0&i18n=ru&rlf=&psz=20&bs=20&ce=hJfuypee8JzzufeGmImYYIpZKRJeeOeeWGJIZRrRRrdmtdeee88NJJJJpeeefTJ3peKJJ3UWWPtzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzbzzvzzpy5zzjzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzztzzzzzzzbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzvzzzzzzyeyTjkDnyHzTuueKZePz9decyzzLzzzL*.c8.NzrGJJvufeeeeeJheeyzjeeeeJh*peeeeKJJJJJJJJJJmjHvOJJJJJJJJJfeeeieeeeSJJJJJSJJJ3TeIJJJJ3..E.UEAcyhxD.eeeeeuzzzLJJJJ5.e8JJJheeeeeeeeeeeeyeeK3JJJJJJJJ*s7defeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeSJJJJJJJJZIJJzzz1..6LJJJJJJtJJZ4....EK*&debug=false">0130-2906</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/51294">И о погоде</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.isaran.ru/?q=ru/fund&guid=4EEACCCC-3A05-48E3-90C0...ida=27">http://www.isaran.ru/?q=ru/fund&guid=4EEACCCC-3A05-48E3-90C0...ida=27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svobodanews-2007-08-25-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-svobodanews-2007-08-25_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svobodanews.ru/Transcript/2007/08/25/20070825202230603.html">Пропавший Соловецкий этап</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2007 йыл 16 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016135141/http://svobodanews.ru/Transcript/2007/08/25/20070825202230603.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small>, Владимир Тольц, 25.08.07 на сайте <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радио Свобода (был бит юҡ)">Радио Свобода</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Готюр И. А., Костромитинов А. В.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pribor.ifmo.ru/file/journal/402.pdf">Технология описания и раскодирования метеорологических данных на основе алгебраического подхода</a>. — Журнал Приборостроение. — Выпуск № 1. — Стр. 6-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.meteorb.ru/about/historical-reference</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.meteorb.ru/about/historical-reference</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.meteorb.ru/meteorology/network-of-meteorological-stations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Кан С.И.</i> Океан и Атмосфера. — Москва: Наука, 1982. — С. 71—72. — (Человек и окружающая среда).</span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Метеорология&oldid=1225216">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Метеорология&oldid=1225216</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Метеорология">Метеорология</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Атмосфераны өйрәнеүсе фәндәр">Атмосфераны өйрәнеүсе фәндәр</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи">Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Викиһүҙлеккә һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр">Викиһүҙлеккә һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Викияңылыҡтарға һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр">Викияңылыҡтарға һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр">ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 02:14 19 март 2023 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; өҫтәмә шарттар ҡулланылыуы мөмкин. 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