School of Basic Sciences ‐ EPFL

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/** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when possible. new Promise( function ( resolve ) { var supportTests = getSessionSupportTests(); if ( supportTests ) { resolve( supportTests ); return; } if ( supportsWorkerOffloading() ) { try { // Note that the functions are being passed as arguments due to minification. var workerScript = 'postMessage(' + testEmojiSupports.toString() + '(' + [ JSON.stringify( tests ), browserSupportsEmoji.toString(), emojiSetsRenderIdentically.toString() ].join( ',' ) + '));'; var blob = new Blob( [ workerScript ], { type: 'text/javascript' } ); var worker = new Worker( URL.createObjectURL( blob ), { name: 'wpTestEmojiSupports' } ); worker.onmessage = function ( event ) { supportTests = event.data; setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); worker.terminate(); resolve( supportTests ); }; return; } catch ( e ) {} } supportTests = testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); resolve( supportTests ); } ) // Once the browser emoji support has been obtained from the session, finalize the settings. .then( function ( supportTests ) { /* * Tests the browser support for flag emojis and other emojis, and adjusts the * support settings accordingly. */ for ( var test in supportTests ) { settings.supports[ test ] = supportTests[ test ]; settings.supports.everything = settings.supports.everything && settings.supports[ test ]; if ( 'flag' !== test ) { settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && settings.supports[ test ]; } } settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && ! settings.supports.flag; // Sets DOMReady to false and assigns a ready function to settings. settings.DOMReady = false; settings.readyCallback = function () { settings.DOMReady = true; }; } ) .then( function () { return domReadyPromise; } ) .then( function () { // When the browser can not render everything we need to load a polyfill. if ( ! settings.supports.everything ) { settings.readyCallback(); var src = settings.source || {}; if ( src.concatemoji ) { addScript( src.concatemoji ); } else if ( src.wpemoji && src.twemoji ) { addScript( src.twemoji ); addScript( src.wpemoji ); } } } ); } )( window, document, window._wpemojiSettings ); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-gutenberg-epfl-bases-style-css-css' href='https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/plugins/wp-gutenberg-epfl/build/style-index.css?ver=1742478813' type='text/css' 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From the creation of new knowledge to fostering innovation, we develop cutting-edge technologies and transfer them to the world. </div> </div> <div class="hero-img"> <figure class="cover"> <picture><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Animated-visual-1.webp" class="img-fluid" alt="" /></picture> <figcaption> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="btn-circle" data-toggle="popover" data-content="https://actu.epfl.ch/news/charting-new-paths-in-ai-learning-2/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/warming-up-30-years-of-fusion-research-at-epfl/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/oral-peptides-a-new-era-in-drug-development/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-baritone-of-red-giants-refines-cosmic-distance/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/a-new-theoretical-development-clarifies-water-s-el/"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#icon-info"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-rotate-90" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#icon-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </button> <p class="sr-only">https://actu.epfl.ch/news/charting-new-paths-in-ai-learning-2/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/warming-up-30-years-of-fusion-research-at-epfl/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/oral-peptides-a-new-era-in-drug-development/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-baritone-of-red-giants-refines-cosmic-distance/ https://actu.epfl.ch/news/a-new-theoretical-development-clarifies-water-s-el/</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8"> <h3 style="margin-top: 2em">News</h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container my-3"><div class="list-group"><a href="https://actu.epfl.ch/news/epfl-scientists-join-desi-to-reveal-evolving-dark-" class="list-group-item list-group-teaser link-trapeze-vertical"><div class="list-group-teaser-container"><div class="list-group-teaser-thumbnail"><picture><source media="(min-width: 1920px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1920x1080.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/2240x1260.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1366px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1920x1080.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1600x900.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 576px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/768x432.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1440x810.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 575px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/576x324.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1440x810.jpg 2x"><img decoding="async" src="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152956/1440x810.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="DESI observes the sky from the Mayall Telescope, shown here beneath the Milky Way. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R.T. Sparks"></picture></div><div class="list-group-teaser-content"><p class="h5">EPFL scientists join DESI to reveal evolving dark energy</p><p><time datetime="2025-03-19"><span class="sr-only">Published:</span>19.03.25</time><span class="text-muted"> — EPFL’s astrophysicists have contributed to DESI’s 15-million-galaxy map, hinting at a shift in our understanding of dark energy.</span></div></div></a><a href="https://actu.epfl.ch/news/shedding-light-on-bacteria-killing-viruses-one-cel" class="list-group-item list-group-teaser link-trapeze-vertical"><div class="list-group-teaser-container"><div class="list-group-teaser-thumbnail"><picture><source media="(min-width: 1920px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1920x1080.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/2240x1260.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1366px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1920x1080.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1600x900.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 576px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/768x432.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1440x810.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 575px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/576x324.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1440x810.jpg 2x"><img decoding="async" src="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152950/1440x810.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="A burst bacterium on an H2 photonic crystal cavity (bright spot) releasing phages (yellow) in liquid. Credit: Enrico Tartari (EPFL)."></picture></div><div class="list-group-teaser-content"><p class="h5">Shedding light on bacteria-killing viruses, one cell at a time</p><p><time datetime="2025-03-19"><span class="sr-only">Published:</span>19.03.25</time><span class="text-muted"> — EPFL researchers have developed a novel optical technique to study how bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—attack single bacterial cells in real time. The breakthrough could improve phage therapy, a promising alternative to antibiotics in the fight against bacterial infections.</span></div></div></a><a href="https://actu.epfl.ch/news/in-a-first-for-switzerland-epfl-contributes-to-k-2" class="list-group-item list-group-teaser link-trapeze-vertical"><div class="list-group-teaser-container"><div class="list-group-teaser-thumbnail"><picture><source media="(min-width: 1920px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1920x1080.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/2240x1260.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1366px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1920x1080.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1440x810.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1600x900.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 576px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/768x432.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1440x810.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 575px)" srcset="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/576x324.jpg 1x, https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1440x810.jpg 2x"><img decoding="async" src="https://actu.epfl.ch/image/152900/1440x810.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="The NA62 experiment is roughly 270 metres long and is housed in the TCC8 and ECN3 caverns in CERN’s North Area. (Image: M.Brice/CERN)"></picture></div><div class="list-group-teaser-content"><p class="h5">In a first for Switzerland, EPFL contributes to kaon research</p><p><time datetime="2025-03-19"><span class="sr-only">Published:</span>19.03.25</time><span class="text-muted"> — EPFL researchers, working with the Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, have developed a new method for identifying neutrinos using data from CERN’s NA62 experiment—which recently observed the rarest particle decay ever recorded.</span></div></div></a><p class="text-center"><a class="link-pretty" href="https://actu.epfl.ch/search/en/SB">All news</a></p></div></div> <div class="col-4"> </div> <div class="container-full py-3 p-lg-5 "> <div class="container"> <h2 class="text-center">Research</h2> <div class="card-deck"> <div class="card"> <a href="https://isic.epfl.ch/" class="card-img-top"> <picture> <img decoding="async" width="384" height="216" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Labo-de-chimie_IMG_2939_DxO1-384x216.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Labo-de-chimie_IMG_2939_DxO1-384x216.jpg 384w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Labo-de-chimie_IMG_2939_DxO1-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://isic.epfl.ch/">Chemistry</a> </h3> <p>Research at the Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), on the main Lausanne campus and in Sion, Wallis, spans fundamental studies in theoretical chemistry and biochemistry to applications in catalysis, drug discovery and diagnostics, sustainability and the environment.</p> </div> <div class="card-footer mt-auto"> <a href="https://isic.epfl.ch/" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">ISIC</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="https://math.epfl.ch/" class="card-img-top"> <picture> <img decoding="async" width="384" height="216" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/krieger_jan251-384x216.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/krieger_jan251-384x216.jpg 384w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/krieger_jan251-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://math.epfl.ch/">Mathematics</a> </h3> <p>Mathematics plays a fundamental role in science and technology. 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Our bachelor, master and PhD programs provide state-of-the-art education in the most innovative fields of modern physics, astrophysics, quantum sciences, condensed matter physics, biophysics and energy.</p> </div> <div class="card-footer mt-auto"> <a href="https://sph.epfl.ch/" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">SPH</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h3 style="margin-top: 2em">Seminars and conferences</h3> <div class="container list-group" style="padding-left: 16px"><a href="https://memento.epfl.ch/event/interdisciplinary-seminar-series-course-eng-647-2" class="list-group-item list-group-item-gray list-group-teaser link-trapeze-vertical" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"><div class="list-group-teaser-container"><div class="list-group-teaser-thumbnail"><picture class="card-img-top"><span style="position: absolute; color: #FFF;padding: 10px 0 0 10px; line-height: 1.35em;font-size:1em;"><meta itemprop="eventStatus" content="https://schema.org/EventCancelled"></span><img 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