賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ar" dir="rtl" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="/sites/default/files/google_analytics/gtag.js?snbkrk"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-KCGD7J0808", {"groups":"default","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_location":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <meta name="description" content="賱丕賷毓丕賳賷丕賱賯乇賾丕亍丕賱匕賷賳賵賱丿賵丕賮賷丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賲賳氐毓賵亘丞賯乇丕亍丞賳氐胤賵賷賱賮丨爻亘貙亘賱廿賳賰孬賷乇丕賲賳賴賲賮賯丿賵丕賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿鬲丨賵賱丕賱賯賱賯亘卮兀賳賯丿乇丞兀亘賳丕亍丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賵丕賱卮亘丕亘毓賱賶賯乇丕亍丞兀賷賾卮賷亍兀胤賵賱賲賳丨噩賲丕賱卮丕卮丞廿賱賶賲丕賷卮亘賴丕賱匕毓乇貙賵賴賳丕賰丕賱賰孬賷乇賲賳丕賱兀丿賱丞丕賱鬲賷鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓賴匕丕丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <meta property="og:title" content="賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta property="og:description" content="賱丕賷毓丕賳賷丕賱賯乇賾丕亍丕賱匕賷賳賵賱丿賵丕賮賷丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賲賳氐毓賵亘丞賯乇丕亍丞賳氐胤賵賷賱賮丨爻亘貙亘賱廿賳賰孬賷乇丕賲賳賴賲賮賯丿賵丕賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿鬲丨賵賱丕賱賯賱賯亘卮兀賳賯丿乇丞兀亘賳丕亍丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賵丕賱卮亘丕亘毓賱賶賯乇丕亍丞兀賷賾卮賷亍兀胤賵賱賲賳丨噩賲丕賱卮丕卮丞廿賱賶賲丕賷卮亘賴丕賱匕毓乇貙賵賴賳丕賰丕賱賰孬賷乇賲賳丕賱兀丿賱丞丕賱鬲賷鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓賴匕丕丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="g_oDzOCj3P0GP5L6d2hDlJxapOqHK4ZQpkVtJW-0lQA" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="賱丕賷毓丕賳賷丕賱賯乇賾丕亍丕賱匕賷賳賵賱丿賵丕賮賷丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賲賳氐毓賵亘丞賯乇丕亍丞賳氐胤賵賷賱賮丨爻亘貙亘賱廿賳賰孬賷乇丕賲賳賴賲賮賯丿賵丕賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿鬲丨賵賱丕賱賯賱賯亘卮兀賳賯丿乇丞兀亘賳丕亍丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賵丕賱卮亘丕亘毓賱賶賯乇丕亍丞兀賷賾卮賷亍兀胤賵賱賲賳丨噩賲丕賱卮丕卮丞廿賱賶賲丕賷卮亘賴丕賱匕毓乇貙賵賴賳丕賰丕賱賰孬賷乇賲賳丕賱兀丿賱丞丕賱鬲賷鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓賴匕丕丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/partner/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/en/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/fr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/tr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <title>賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kOFx7RuDhn10qGc2ueK9FRUpABq6yYurnmChxjHHJzs.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-bZLfwXAP04zRMK2BjiO8iu9pf4FbLqX6zitd+tIvLhE=" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.4.0/8.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-tGFFYdzcicBwsd5EPO92iUIytu9UkQR3tLMbORL9sfi/WswiHkA1O3ri9yHW+5dXk18Rd+pluMeDBrPKSwNCvw==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_cgFA2mVr9I1J6vGMZgriBKCTZNbpwUNdxoikADmkSvw.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8W7VUSN0FhzlnAOnK3D4YqlV4_VrfL-tpU_zgGC-Zj4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_AzH3hHi4KCyNunXDHJY735HlWN8BePJy1fdkx1ylaW4.css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/5895026c-30ac-4a37-bb0a-ae76498acef1/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="5895026c-30ac-4a37-bb0a-ae76498acef1" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="tdv8qluee61hvxrwk65fk9nps0ynxz" />  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '144792808590717'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=144792808590717&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  </head> <body class="not-logged-in path-node page-node-type-article context-node-21633 has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> 鬲噩丕賵夭廿賱賶丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-default container-fluid" id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <a class="name navbar-brand" href="/ar" title="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" rel="home">鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 <span>Learning Arabic</span></a> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="region region-navigation-collapsible"> <section id="block-dropdownlanguage" class="block block-dropdown-language block-dropdown-languagelanguage-interface clearfix"> <div class="dropdown-language-item btn-group dropdown"> <button class="language-link active-language button js-form-submit form-submit btn-default btn" hreflang="ar" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" data-dropdown-target="#dropdown-item-0l4soktpmgy" type="submit" name="op" value="丕賱毓乇亘賷丞">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</button><button class="btn-default btn dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li hreflang="ar" role="menuitem"><span class="language-link active-language hidden" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="dropdown-item-0l4soktpmgy">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span></li><li hreflang="en" role="menuitem"><a href="/en/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="en" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-9xti0us3-o">English</a></li><li hreflang="fr" role="menuitem"><a href="/fr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-pvqsyjpuq3q">Fran莽ais</a></li><li hreflang="tr" role="menuitem"><a href="/tr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="tr" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-vmmjfl5-log">T眉rk莽e</a></li></ul> </div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-toplinks-menu" id="block-toplinks"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-toplinks-menu">Top Links</h2> <ul class="menu menu--top-links nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/grammar" data-drupal-link-system-path="grammar">賯賵丕毓丿</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/blogs" data-drupal-link-system-path="blogs">賲丿賵賳丕鬲</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/asktheteacher" data-drupal-link-system-path="asktheteacher">兀爻卅賱丞</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/pages/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83-level-test" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21757">丕禺鬲亘丕乇丕鬲</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="courses">丿賵乇丕鬲</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-searchiconen" class="block block-block-content block-block-content8f82008f-4309-4349-9777-efcc83417bd5 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="block-search" role="search"> <button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only" name=""><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <div class="search-popup-wrapper"> <form action="/ar/search" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-drupal-form-fields=""> <input class="form-control" required="true" maxlength="64" name="keys" placeholder="亘丨孬.." size="60" type="search" /></form> </div> </div></div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-partner-main-menu-menu" id="block-partner-main-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-partner-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="menu menu--main nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first"> <span class="navbar-text">丿乇賵爻</span> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/introductory" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/introductory"> 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿賷</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/beginner" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/beginner">丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/elementary" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/elementary"> 丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/intermediate" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/intermediate"> 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/upper%20intermediate" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/upper intermediate">丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/advanced" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/advanced">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/proficiency" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/proficiency">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="ajmi-logo"> <a href="https://institute.aljazeera.net/ar" class="header_logo" target="_blank"> <img src="/themes/custom/partner/logo.svg"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-9"> <div class="" role="heading"> <div class="region region-header"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <h1 class="page-header"> <span>賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責</span> </h1> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <article role="article" class="article full clearfix" id="article-blog"> <div class="content"> <div class="article-full-imageview"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" width="863" height="485" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </div> <div class="category-sticky small blue"> 賱睾丞丕賱廿毓賱丕賲 | 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲丕賱兀丿賳賶 </div> </div> <div class="services-icons"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fa fa-search-plus"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fa fa-search-minus"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2020/1/22/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-link"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="original-body body-text field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p dir="RTL">賱丕賷毓丕賳賷丕賱賯乇賾丕亍丕賱匕賷賳賵賱丿賵丕賮賷丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賲賳氐毓賵亘丞賯乇丕亍丞賳氐胤賵賷賱賮丨爻亘貙亘賱廿賳賰孬賷乇丕賲賳賴賲賮賯丿賵丕賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿鬲丨賵賱丕賱賯賱賯亘卮兀賳賯丿乇丞兀亘賳丕亍丕賱毓氐乇丕賱乇賯賲賷賵丕賱卮亘丕亘毓賱賶賯乇丕亍丞兀賷賾卮賷亍兀胤賵賱賲賳丨噩賲丕賱卮丕卮丞廿賱賶賲丕賷卮亘賴丕賱匕毓乇貙賵賴賳丕賰丕賱賰孬賷乇賲賳丕賱兀丿賱丞丕賱鬲賷鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓賴匕丕丕賱賯賱賯.</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(1)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">鬲毓賲賱丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕毓賱賶鬲睾賷賷乇丕賱胤乇賯丕賱鬲賷賳賯乇兀亘賴丕貙亘賲丕賮賷匕賱賰毓丕丿丞鬲賯賱賷亘丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲貙賵賯亘賱聽賮鬲乇丞胤賵賷賱丞賲賳丕禺鬲乇丕毓睾賵鬲賳亘乇睾賱賱賲胤亘毓丞賮賷丕賱賯乇賳丕賱賭15賲貙賰丕賳丕賱丨氐賵賱毓賱賶丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲賲賳丕賱賲氐丕丿乇丕賱賲賰鬲賵亘丞賲孬賱丕賱賲禺胤賵胤丕鬲賵丕賱爻噩賱丕鬲賵丕賱賰鬲亘丕賱賯丿賷賲丞賷毓鬲亘賻乇乇賮丕賴賷丞賸賱丕鬲鬲丕丨賱毓賲賵賲丕賱賳丕爻.聽</p> <p dir="RTL">賵賯亘賱丕賱胤亘丕毓丞丕賱丨丿賷孬丞賰丕賳鬲丕賱賰鬲亘鬲賳爻禺賷丿賵賷賸賾丕亘胤乇賷賯丞賲購囟賿賳賷丞貙賵賰丕賳賰孬賷乇賲賳賴丕賷囟賷毓亘爻亘亘丕賱廿賴賲丕賱兀賵丕賱丨乇賵亘賵丕賱賰賵丕乇孬丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞貙賱賰賳聽丕禺鬲乇丕毓丕賱賲胤亘毓丞聽兀丨丿孬孬賵乇丞聽賮賷氐賳丕毓丞丕賱賰鬲亘貙賵鬲睾賷乇鬲 -鬲亘毓賸丕賱匕賱賰- 毓丕丿丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">丕賱賷賵賲賮賷丕賱賯乇賳丕賱賭21 賳卮賴丿孬賵乇丞兀禺乇賶賲賳賴匕丕丕賱賯亘賷賱亘賮囟賱丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕丕賱乇賯賲賷丞. 賵賲孬賱賲丕賮毓賱鬲丕賱賲胤亘毓丞賮廿賳丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 -賲孬賱丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲賵丕賱兀噩賴夭丞丕賱賱賵丨賷丞賵丕賱賴賵丕鬲賮丕賱匕賰賷丞賵兀噩賴夭丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞- 鬲毓賷丿鬲卮賰賷賱毓丕丿丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞賵丕賱鬲毓賱賲賲乇丞兀禺乇賶.</p> <p dir="RTL">聽</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(2)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">兀乇賯丕賲氐丕丿賲丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賮賷毓丕賲 2016 賯丕賱鬲丕賱賲丐爻爻丞丕賱賵胤賳賷丞賱賱賮賳賵賳賮賷兀賲賷乇賰丕廿賳賳爻亘丞丕賱亘丕賱睾賷賳丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷賷賳丕賱匕賷賳賷賯乇丐賵賳乇賵丕賷丞賵丕丨丿丞毓賱賶丕賱兀賯賱賮賷丕賱毓丕賲丕賳禺賮囟賲賳 56.9% 毓丕賲 1982 廿賱賶 43.1% 毓丕賲 2015貙丨爻亘聽賲賯丕賱賱賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞亘噩丕賲毓丞賰賵賷賳夭賱丕賳丿丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷丞聽噩賵丿賷孬爻賷亘賵賷乇.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賳賯賱噩賵丿賷孬賮賷賲賯丕賱賴丕丕賱賲賳卮賵乇亘賲賵賯毓賰賵賳賮賷乇夭賷卮賳丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷廿丨氐丕亍賸兀賲賷乇賰賷丕賷毓賵丿廿賱賶毓丕賲 2018貙賵賷賮賷丿亘兀賳賴賮賷毓丕賲 1980聽賰丕賳 60% 賲賳胤賱丕亘丕賱賲丿丕乇爻丕賱匕賷賳鬲亘賱睾兀毓賲丕乇賴賲 18 毓丕賲賸丕賷賯乇丐賵賳賰鬲丕亘賸丕兀賵氐丨賷賮丞兀賵賲噩賱丞賰賱賷賵賲睾賷乇丿乇丕爻賷貙賵亘丨賱賵賱毓丕賲 2016 丕賳禺賮囟丕賱毓丿丿廿賱賶 16%.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵兀賮丕丿胤賱丕亘丕賱氐賮丕賱賭12 -丕賱匕賷賳兀噩乇賷毓賱賷賴賲丕賱丕爻鬲胤賱丕毓- 亘兀賳賴賲賷賯囟賵賳爻鬲爻丕毓丕鬲賷賵賲賷賾賸丕賮賷丕賱乇爻丕卅賱丕賱賳氐賾賷丞貙賵賲鬲丕亘毓丞賵爻丕卅賱丕賱鬲賵丕氐賱丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷貙賵丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲乇賶禺亘賷乇丞賲丨賵丕賱兀賲賷丞丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞賵毓丕賱賲丞丕賱兀毓氐丕亘賲丕乇賷丕賳賵賵賱賮兀賳鬲賴丿賷丿丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲聽賱賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕賮賷丕賱賯乇丕亍丞賷囟乇賾丕賱毓賲賱賷丕鬲丕賱廿丿乇丕賰賷丞丕賱賲鬲兀賳賾賷丞賲孬賱丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇丕賱賳賯丿賷貙賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇丕賱賲爻鬲賯賱貙賵丕賱禺賷丕賱貙賵丕賱鬲毓丕胤賮貙賵賴賷毓賲賱賷丕鬲鬲卮賰賱噩夭亍賸丕賲賴賲賾賸丕賲賳毓賲賱賷丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞.</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(3)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">賲爻丕乇丕鬲丕賱胤賮賵賱丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲毓丿丕賱賯乇丕亍丞賲賴丕乇丞賲賰鬲爻亘丞鬲鬲胤賱亘鬲胤賵賷乇卮亘賰丕鬲毓氐亘賷丞賲毓賷賳丞貙賵賷卮噩賾毓丕禺鬲賱丕賮賲賳氐賾丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞賵鬲毓丿賾丿賴丕毓賱賶鬲胤賵賷乇鬲賱賰丕賱卮亘賰丕鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵賮賷丕賱賲賯丕亘賱貙賷賳睾賲爻丕賱兀胤賮丕賱丕賱匕賷賳賷賯乇丐賵賳賲賳丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲賮賷賲鬲毓丞賲乇鬲亘胤丞亘丕賱賳賯乇賵丕賱廿卮亘丕毓丕賱賮賵乇賷賱乇睾亘丞丕賱鬲氐賮丨丕賱賲爻鬲賲乇貙賵賷賰鬲爻亘賵賳賲賴丕乇丕鬲匕賴賳賷丞賲亘賰乇丞賮賷丕賱鬲氐賮丨賵丕賱亘丨孬毓賳丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕賱亘賷丕賳丕鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賱賰賳賵賵賱賮鬲毓鬲亘乇兀賳賴匕丕丕賱賳賵毓賲賳丕賱鬲氐賮丨丕賱爻乇賷毓賷賲賰賳兀賳賷丨丿賾賲賳鬲胤賵賾乇毓賲賱賷丕鬲丕賱賮賴賲賵丕賱廿丿乇丕賰丕賱鬲賷鬲爻賴賲賮賷鬲賰賵賷賳賲賻賱賻賰丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇丕賱毓賲賷賯.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲囟賷賮兀賳賴廿匕丕賱賲鬲購胤賻賵賾賻乇丕賱賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲毓乇賮賷丞丕賱賱丕夭賲丞賱賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞貙賮廿賳聽丕賱兀噩賷丕賱聽丕賱噩丿賷丿丞丕賱匕賷賳賷鬲卮鬲鬲丕賳鬲亘丕賴賴賲亘爻亘亘爻賴賵賱丞丕賱賵氐賵賱廿賱賶丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲丕賱乇賯賲賷丞貙乇亘賾賲丕賱丕鬲鬲毓賱賲聽兀亘毓丿賲賳聽丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞丕賱爻乇賷毓丞. 賵鬲賳氐丨賵賵賱賮亘鬲毓賱賲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞毓亘乇丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕鬲丕賱賵乇賯賷丞貙賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賵氐賷亘賲賳毓丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲丕賱兀胤賮丕賱丕賱兀噩賴夭丞貨丨賷孬鬲賯賵賱 "賷噩亘毓賱賷賳丕廿賷賯丕賮鬲卮睾賷賱賴丕亘卮賰賱賲賳鬲馗賲貙賵鬲賵賮賷乇丕賱賵賯鬲賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賰鬲亘丕賱賵乇賯賷丞賲毓丕賱兀胤賮丕賱".</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(4)</p> <p dir="RTL">聽</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">廿賷賯丕賮丕賱兀噩賴夭丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賵兀爻賴賲鬲丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞賮賷賲卮乇賵毓賱賲爻丕毓丿丞胤賱丕亘丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲丕賱毓丕賱賷毓賱賶鬲胤賵賷乇賲賴丕乇丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙囟賲賳賲卮乇賵毓丨賰賵賲賷賮賷丕賱噩丕賲毓丕鬲丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞亘賷賳毓丕賲賷 2011 賵2013 賱鬲毓夭賷夭賲丕兀胤賱賯毓賱賷賴 "賲乇賵賳丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞".</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲爻毓賶丕賱賮賰乇丞賱鬲丨賮賷夭丕賱胤賱丕亘毓賱賶噩毓賱丕賱賯乇丕亍丞兀賵賱賵賷丞鬲卮亘賴丕賱丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賱賱丕賲鬲丨丕賳兀賵賰鬲丕亘丞賲賯丕賱貙賲賲丕賷噩毓賱賴賲賷爻鬲孬賲乇賵賳丕賱賵賯鬲賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲毓賲賱丕賱賲亘丕丿乇丞賰匕賱賰毓賱賶鬲卮噩賷毓丕賱胤賱丕亘毓賱賶丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇丕賱賳丕賯丿兀孬賳丕亍丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙賵丕賱丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇賮賷賴丕丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲亘丿賵聽丕賱賱睾丞睾賷乇賲賮賴賵賲丞亘卮賰賱噩賷丿貙賵賰匕賱賰毓賳丿賲丕鬲氐丿乇毓賳賴賵丕鬲賮賴賲廿卮毓丕乇丕鬲乇爻丕卅賱賵賲賰丕賱賲丕鬲噩丿賷丿丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賯賵賱丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 "賱賯丿噩乇亘賵丕 -亘亘爻丕胤丞- 廿賷賯丕賮鬲卮睾賷賱兀噩賴夭鬲賴賲爻丕毓鬲賷賳兀孬賳丕亍丕賱賯賷丕賲亘丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙賵亘丕賱賮毓賱賳噩丨賵丕賮賷賲賵丕氐賱丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞"貙賵鬲囟丕毓賮毓丿丿丕賱胤賱丕亘丕賱匕賷賳兀賰賲賱賵丕噩賲賷毓丕賱賳氐賵氐丕賱賲毓乇賵囟丞毓賱賷賴賲毓亘乇丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱賲乇賳丞" 賵賲賳毓丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲丕賱賴賵丕鬲賮丕賱匕賰賷丞.聽</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賯賵賱丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞廿賳賴 "賷賲賰賳賳丕兀賷囟賸丕廿賷賯丕賮鬲卮睾賷賱兀噩賴夭鬲賳丕賵鬲禺氐賷氐賲爻丕丨丞賵賵賯鬲賱鬲賳卮賷胤丕賱賲爻丕乇丕鬲丕賱毓氐亘賷丞丕賱鬲賷噩毓賱鬲賳丕爻丕亘賯賸丕賯乇賾丕亍賸卮睾賵賮賷賳". 賵鬲丐賰丿兀賳賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞丕賱鬲賷鬲賳胤賵賷毓賱賶毓賲賱賷丕鬲廿丿乇丕賰賷丞兀亘胤兀貙鬲毓丿囟乇賵乇賷丞賱賱丨賷丕丞丕賱鬲兀賲賱賷丞.<br /> 賵鬲乇賶兀賳賴賲賳丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓兀賳賷賰賵賳賲賳賷賯乇丐賵賳賯乇丕亍丞毓賲賷賯丞兀賰孬乇鬲賮賰賷乇賸丕賮賷兀丨賵丕賱丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賱廿氐賱丕丨賴.</p> </div> <div class="section-body-locale body-text"> </div> <iframe id="frame" class="quiz-iframe" src="/excercises/fbd7ec56-4213-4610-a151-528c2cdfb318/en/COURSE" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" width="100%" height="1000" style="overflow-y: hidden;"></iframe> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-3" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section class="views-element-container bg-gray block block-views block-views-blockfeatured-articles-block-1 clearfix" id="block-views-block-featured-articles-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title">賲賵丕丿兀禺乇賶<span>More Articles</span></h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-12 view view-featured-articles view-id-featured_articles view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-b5a23ad20395d6e9d3ae4217762a7befcb1954b35ebc5115f1ff89c3ea490337"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="pt-3 pb-3"><a href="/ar/node/21704" hreflang="ar">賰賷賮鬲睾賷乇丕賱丿乇丕爻丞毓亘乇丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲賲爻鬲賯亘賱丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲責</a></div> <div class="pt-3 pb-3"><a href="/ar/node/19482" hreflang="ar">噩丕賲賽毓賻丞購爻賻賱賿噩購賵賯鬲賻丿賻乇賾賽爻購賲賻賵賯毓丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-ourchannelsen" class="block block-block-content block-block-content3feac360-7cd5-46b8-8a8c-61be6e394907 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="footer-two"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>賲賳賳丨賳</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/pages/about-us">賲賳賳丨賳</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://terms.aljazeera.net/index-ar.html">丕賱兀丨賰丕賲賵丕賱卮乇賵胤</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar/">爻賷丕爻丞丕賱禺氐賵氐賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar/cookie">爻賷丕爻丞賲賱賮丕鬲鬲毓乇賷賮丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕胤</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/contact">鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賳丕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://commercial.aljazeera.net">兀毓賱賳賲毓賳丕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://careers.aljazeera.net/ar">賵馗丕卅賮卮丕睾乇丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://sat.aljazeera.net/ar">鬲乇丿丿丕鬲丕賱亘孬</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://network.aljazeera.net/ar/press-releases">亘賷丕賳丕鬲氐丨賮賷丞</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>卮亘賰鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://institute.aljazeera.net/">賲毓賴丿丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱廿毓賱丕賲</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://liberties.aljazeera.com">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丨乇賷丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲丞賵丨賯賵賯丕賱廿賳爻丕賳</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>賯賳賵丕鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿禺亘丕乇賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeeramubasher.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賲亘丕卮乇</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://doc.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱賵孬丕卅賯賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://balkans.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱亘賱賯丕賳</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.ajplus.net/arabi">毓乇亘賷 AJ+</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="social-nav nav navbar-nav"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/AljazeeraLearningArabic"><i class="fa fa-facebook-f">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/aljazeeralearningarabic"><i class="fa fa-instagram">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="mailto:arabic@aljazeera.net"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o">聽</i></a></li> </ul><div class="footer-logo">聽</div> <p style="font-size: 13px;">噩賲賷毓丕賱丨賯賵賯賲丨賮賵馗丞漏 2024 卮亘賰丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱丕毓賱丕賲賷丞</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section> </div>  <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></a> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"ar\/","currentPath":"node\/21633","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"ar"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"G-KCGD7J0808","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"65eff75af1fadc85295ecf952a7e506a716d4d4bef247aec9392e1c4ff19825b"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_tNmBXcO3NhuQggmbPvrc0WZX9qCV86WHNgzfF9tsqP0.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Kc9Jsx7BOl7poQmHMZN0hxupHIZ6X0wOT86ZxuwZn7k.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞

賰賷賮鬲胤賵賾乇賲賴丕乇丕鬲丕賱賯乇丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞