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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Targoem_Onkelos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targoem_Onkelos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Targoem Onkelos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targoem_Onkelos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onkelos_in_de_Babylonische_Talmoed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onkelos_in_de_Babylonische_Talmoed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Onkelos in de Babylonische Talmoed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onkelos_in_de_Babylonische_Talmoed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Beschikbaar in 9 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos" title="Onkelos – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Onkelos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos" title="Onkelos – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Onkelos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos" title="Onkelos – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onkelos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אונקלוס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אונקלוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos" title="Onkelos – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hebrew_Pentateuch_(The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX%29.jpg/260px-Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX%29.jpg/390px-Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_IX%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thoratekst</a> afwisselend met de Targoem Onkelos.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Onkelos</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a>: אונקלוס) (ca. <a href="/wiki/35" title="35">35</a> - <a href="/wiki/120" title="120">120</a>) is de beroemde <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joodse</a> <a href="/wiki/Proseliet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proseliet">proseliet</a> die bekend is om zijn verklarende vertaling van de <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thora</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a>. Hij was een neef van de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse</a> keizer <a href="/wiki/Titus_(keizer)" title="Titus (keizer)">Titus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Targoem_Onkelos">Targoem Onkelos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Targoem Onkelos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Targoem Onkelos"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onkelos’ gezaghebbende vertaling is bekend onder de naam <i>Targoem Onkelos</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Targoem" title="Targoem">targoem</a>" is <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a> voor vertaling). Zijn leraren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbi_Eliezer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbi Eliezer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rabbi Eliezer</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbi_Jehosjoe%E2%80%99a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbi Jehosjoe’a (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rabbi Jehosjoe’a</a> , grote autoriteiten in zijn tijd, prezen het werk van hun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talmied (de pagina bestaat niet)">talmied</a> (leerling). Ruim een millennium nadien hebben onder meer de joodse geleerden <a href="/wiki/Rasjie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasjie">Rasjie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> de vertaling als noodzakelijk bestempeld om een goed begrip van de Thoratekst te krijgen. De verklarende vertaling weerspiegelt namelijk het begrip van de Thorageleerden in de tijd van Onkelos. Vandaag de dag wordt de Targoem Onkelos standaard afgedrukt naast de <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thoratekst</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuwse</a> edities tezamen met verklaringen van onder meer <a href="/wiki/Rasjie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasjie">Rasjie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Ramban</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ezra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ezra">Ibn Ezra</a> in de zogenaamde standaardeditie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikra%E2%80%99ot_Migdalot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikra’ot Migdalot (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mikra’ot Migdalot</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onkelos_in_de_Babylonische_Talmoed">Onkelos in de Babylonische Talmoed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onkelos in de Babylonische Talmoed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onkelos in de Babylonische Talmoed"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onkelos wordt diverse malen in de <a href="/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed">Talmoed</a> genoemd. De Talmoed verhaalt in het traktaat <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awoda_Zara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awoda Zara (de pagina bestaat niet)">Awoda Zara</a></i> <i>11a</i>, over de verscheidene pogingen van de keizer om Onkelos te arresteren. Het eerste Romeinse <a href="/wiki/Legioen" title="Legioen">legioen</a> arriveerde en Onkelos discussieerde met hen over de <a href="/wiki/Tenach" title="Tenach">Tenach</a>, waarna zij tot het <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a> overgingen. Het tweede legioen werd ook overgehaald om zich tot het jodendom te bekeren nadat hij de Goddelijke persoonlijke leiding van het Joodse volk vergeleek met de Romeinse sociale hiërarchie. Toen de keizer dit hoorde, zond hij een derde groep mannen en verbood hen om over religie te praten. Onkelos ging met de mannen mee en onderweg kwamen ze zijn <a href="/wiki/Mezoeza" title="Mezoeza">mezoeza</a> aan de deurpost tegen. Onkelos bleef staan. De mannen vroegen vervolgens wat voor voorwerp de mezoeza is. Onkelos legde hen uit dat iedere koning in zijn vertrek op zijn troon zit en dat de wachters buiten staan, maar bij de <i>Koning der koningen</i> is het andersom: Hij houdt buiten bij de ingang de wacht, zodat de Joden binnen beschermd zijn. Ook zij traden toe tot het jodendom. De keizer gaf het op. </p><p>De Jeruzalemse Talmoed geeft een variant op bovenstaande versie maar aldaar wordt de <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joodse</a> <a href="/wiki/Proseliet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proseliet">proseliet</a> <a href="/wiki/Aquila_van_Sinope" title="Aquila van Sinope">Aquila</a> genoemd, die de <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thora</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> heeft vertaald. Hoogstwaarschijnlijk zijn deze twee verklaarders door gelijkenis van naam en achtergrond door elkaar gehaald.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkelos&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103211018/http://www.ou.org/about/judaism/rabbis/onkelos.htm">Orthodox Union - biografie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1674&letter=A#4977">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output 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