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id="toc-Municipal_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Federal politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Federal_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Federal politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Federal_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2015_attempted_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_attempted_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2015 attempted return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_attempted_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayoral_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayoral_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mayoral campaigns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mayoral_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mayoral campaigns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mayoral_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_mayoral_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_mayoral_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2014 mayoral election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_mayoral_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_mayoral_by-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_mayoral_by-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2023 mayoral by-election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_mayoral_by-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_Toronto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_Toronto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mayor of Toronto</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mayor_of_Toronto-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mayor of Toronto subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_Toronto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>City finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"New_Deal"_for_Toronto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"New_Deal"_for_Toronto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>"New Deal" for Toronto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"New_Deal"_for_Toronto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>2024 budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2025_budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2025_budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>2025 budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2025_budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaming_civic_assets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaming_civic_assets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Renaming civic assets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaming_civic_assets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dundas_Street_and_Square" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dundas_Street_and_Square"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Dundas Street and Square</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dundas_Street_and_Square-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centennial_Park_Stadium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centennial_Park_Stadium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Centennial Park Stadium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centennial_Park_Stadium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Approval rating</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Electoral record</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral record subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Municipal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Chow" title="Olivia Chow – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Olivia Chow" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Chow" title="Olivia Chow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olivia Chow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Chow" title="Olivia Chow – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Olivia Chow" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%86%D9%88" title="اولیویا چو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اولیویا چو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Chow" title="Olivia Chow – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Olivia Chow" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88" title="اوليڤيا تشو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليڤيا تشو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Олівія Чау – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олівія Чау" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%92%E8%87%B3%E8%95%99" title="鄒至蕙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鄒至蕙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%92%E8%87%B3%E8%95%99" title="鄒至蕙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鄒至蕙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3350703#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Olivia+Chow%22">"Olivia Chow"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Olivia+Chow%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Olivia+Chow%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Olivia+Chow%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Olivia+Chow%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Olivia+Chow%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_(style)" title="Worship (style)">Her Worship</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Olivia Chow</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-Hant-HK"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">鄒至蕙</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO,_OLIVIA_CHOW,_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1634" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Chow in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">66th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor of Toronto</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />July 12, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McKelvie" title="Jennifer McKelvie">Jennifer McKelvie</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ausma_Malik" title="Ausma Malik">Ausma Malik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 23, 2006 – March 12, 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianno" title="Tony Ianno">Tony Ianno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Vaughan" title="Adam Vaughan">Adam Vaughan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto City Councillor">Toronto City Councillor</a><br />for Ward 20 Trinity—Spadina<br />(Ward 24 Downtown; 1992–2000)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1992 – November 28, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Martin_(Canadian_politician)" title="Dale Martin (Canadian politician)">Dale Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Silva" title="Martin Silva">Martin Silva</a> (2006)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Other roles</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">1985–1991</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Education" title="Toronto Board of Education">Toronto Board of Education</a> Trustee</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-03-24</span>) </span>March 24, 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Canadian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1988; <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jack_Layton" title="Death and state funeral of Jack Layton">died</a> 2011)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2 stepchildren, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Layton" title="Mike Layton">Mike Layton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">Ontario College of Art</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>professor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mayoroliviachow.ca/">mayoroliviachow<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">鄒至蕙</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">邹至蕙</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zōu Zhìhuì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tsou<sup>1</sup> Chih<sup>4</sup> Hui<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jāu Ji-waih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zau1 Zi3 Wai6</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Olivia Chow</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">鄒至蕙</span>; <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">Jāu Ji-waih</span></i>; born March 24, 1957) is a Canadian politician who has served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">66th</a> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">mayor of Toronto</a> since July 12, 2023. Previously, Chow served as the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a> from 2006 to 2014, and was a councillor on the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto Council</a> from 1992 to the <a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">1998 amalgamation</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">Toronto City Council</a> until 2005. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>, Chow was first elected in 1985 as a Toronto school board trustee. She ran in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Toronto_municipal_election" title="1991 Toronto municipal election">1991 Toronto election</a>, where she was elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council and remained active in local Toronto politics until her election to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a>. Her husband, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a>, was also an MP, serving as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">leader of the Official Opposition</a> in 2011 and leader of the NDP from 2003 until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jack_Layton" title="Death and state funeral of Jack Layton">his death in 2011</a>. Chow resigned her seat in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> in 2014 to run for mayor in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Toronto_mayoral_election" title="2014 Toronto mayoral election">2014 election</a>, placing third to <a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a>. Following her 2014 campaign, she joined <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> as a distinguished visiting professor. In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, she unsuccessfully ran in <a href="/wiki/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spadina—Fort York (federal electoral district)">Spadina—Fort York</a>. </p><p>Chow was <a href="/wiki/2023_Toronto_mayoral_by-election" title="2023 Toronto mayoral by-election">elected mayor in 2023</a> following Tory's resignation, defeating former <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">deputy mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ana_Bail%C3%A3o" title="Ana Bailão">Ana Bailão</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Toronto_Police_Service" title="Chief of the Toronto Police Service">police chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Saunders_(police_officer)" title="Mark Saunders (police officer)">Mark Saunders</a>. Chow is the first female mayor post-amalgamation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chow was born in British Hong Kong, to Ho Sze, a schoolteacher, and Wilson Wai Sun Chow, a school superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-canada.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was raised in a middle-class family in <a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley,_Hong_Kong" title="Happy Valley, Hong Kong">Happy Valley</a>, a residential area in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-thestar-grit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestar-grit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She immigrated to Canada with her family in 1970 at the age of 13, settling in Toronto, where they first lived on the third floor of a rooming house in <a href="/wiki/The_Annex" title="The Annex">the Annex</a>, before moving to a high-rise unit in <a href="/wiki/St._James_Town" title="St. James Town">St. James Town</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globeandmail_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeandmail-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father worked odd jobs, such as delivering Chinese food and driving taxis to support the family. Her mother became a seamstress and a maid, and worked in a hotel laundry.<sup id="cite_ref-torontostarreview_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torontostarreview-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father suffered from mental illness and was physically abusive towards her half-brother, Andre, and her mother, but "nurturing and loving" towards Olivia.<sup id="cite_ref-mustknow_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustknow-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow was raised in a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> household.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young girl she was a slow learner and had to repeat grade 3. However, she soon started to excel academically and she later skipped grade 8.<sup id="cite_ref-5things_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5things-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She attended <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Collegiate_Institute" title="Jarvis Collegiate Institute">Jarvis Collegiate Institute</a> and studied fine arts at the <a href="/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">Ontario College of Art</a>, and philosophy and religion at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. In 1979, she graduated with an Honours Bachelor of Arts in fine art from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mustknow_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustknow-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduation, she worked as an artist. She owned a sculpture studio and created art pieces for clients. She still paints occasionally.<sup id="cite_ref-5things_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5things-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later taught at <a href="/wiki/George_Brown_College" title="George Brown College">George Brown College</a>'s Assaulted Women and Children Counselling and Advocacy Program for five years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_board">School board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: School board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chow first became active in politics working in the riding office of local NDP MP <a href="/wiki/Dan_Heap" title="Dan Heap">Dan Heap</a> in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Heap's support, Chow ran for <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">school board</a> trustee, and won in November 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1986, Chow sought for programming to protect students on the basis of sexuality, spurred by incidents of harassment she was shown, and by the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Kenneth_Zeller" title="Murder of Kenneth Zeller">murder of Kenneth Zeller</a>, a school librarian. This led to the introduction of what was believed to be Ontario's first sexuality school program, approved in May 1988 with support of director of education Ned McKeown.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served as head of the school board's race relations committee.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_politics">Municipal politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Municipal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular on the school board, she was handily elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Toronto_municipal_election" title="1991 Toronto municipal election">1991 election</a> for the Metro Toronto ward of Downtown (this ward was abolished in the 1997 amalgamation).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area had long been home to a diverse group of communities in the core of Canada's largest urban centre. Chow was re-elected several times to city council by wide margins. As councillor, Chow was an advocate for the <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">homeless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transit</a>, and many other urban issues that promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. She was also a vociferous opponent of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bishop_Toronto_City_Airport" title="Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport">Toronto Island Airport</a> expansion, a controversial plan by the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Port_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Port Authority">Toronto Port Authority</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_(S2311_fl1603_it0005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg/220px-Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg/330px-Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg/440px-Inaugural_Mary_Ellen_Glover_Award_presentation_at_City_Hall_%28S2311_fl1603_it0005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Chow speaks at an awards event in 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">amalgamation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metropolitan Toronto</a>, she and her husband <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> were prominent members of the city council. While sometimes critical of pro-development Mayor <a href="/wiki/Mel_Lastman" title="Mel Lastman">Mel Lastman</a> and other suburban councillors, they worked with councillors across political lines to achieve practical progressive measures. Layton left his seat on council to become federal leader of the NDP. Both were supporters of <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Miller (Canadian politician)">David Miller</a>'s successful <a href="/wiki/2003_Toronto_municipal_election" title="2003 Toronto municipal election">2003 campaign</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">mayor of Toronto</a>. </p><p>Chow was forced to resign her position on the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Services_Board" title="Toronto Police Services Board">Toronto Police Services Board</a> because, at a riot in front of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a>, she informally attempted to persuade police to change their tactics. Some argued, however, that she was ousted for her outspoken attitude towards alleged police misconduct. </p><p>Chow, a cycling advocate, was renowned for her trademark bicycle, decorated with flowers and bright colours, which she rode every day to <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Hall" title="Toronto City Hall">Toronto City Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_politics">Federal politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, Chow ran as an NDP candidate for the House of Commons in <a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a>. Liberal incumbent <a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianno" title="Tony Ianno">Tony Ianno</a> won by 1,802 votes, receiving 45% of the total votes. </p><p>In 2004, Chow again received the Trinity—Spadina NDP nomination for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">summer federal election</a>. With support from Jack Layton, a new urban focus of the NDP, and higher party popularity nationwide, she was widely expected to win despite some criticism from voters who elected her to a municipal seat just six months prior. She managed another strong second-place showing, but failed to unseat Ianno by only 805 votes, 1.5% of the total. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tactical_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical voting">Tactical voting</a> was blamed partially for Chow's defeat, as Liberal attack ads on <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> attempted to make the election a choice between the Liberals and Conservatives, with the effect of attracting NDP-leaning voters to support the Liberals and stave off a potential Harper government. Chow also did not resign her council seat to run federally, with some suggesting that her constituents felt comfortable voting Liberal while still having Chow around to represent them at a different level of government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the Liberal federal government was defeated on a motion of non-confidence, Chow resigned her city council seat of fourteen years on November 28, 2005, to make a third run at seat in the House of Commons. She was succeeded on city council on an interim basis by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Silva" title="Martin Silva">Martin Silva</a>. As Silva was not allowed to run for re-election, Chow's constituency assistant <a href="/wiki/Helen_Kennedy" title="Helen Kennedy">Helen Kennedy</a> ran but lost to <a href="/wiki/Adam_Vaughan" title="Adam Vaughan">Adam Vaughan</a>. </p><p>On January 23, 2006, she won the Trinity—Spadina seat for the NDP in the federal election. She defeated Ianno by 3,667 votes, almost 6%. Along with Jack Layton she was part of only the second husband-and-wife team in Canadian parliamentary history to serve jointly. (<a href="/wiki/Gurmant_Grewal" title="Gurmant Grewal">Gurmant Grewal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Grewal" title="Nina Grewal">Nina Grewal</a> were the first, winning their seats in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a>.) </p><p>In 2007, Chow sponsored a motion calling for Japan to apologize for forcing some 200,000 women to serve as <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">wartime sex slaves</a>. The motion was passed unanimously by Canada's parliament in November 2007. Chow said, "For me, this isn't crimes against 200,000 women. It's crimes against humanity and all of the world's citizens have a responsibility to speak out against it."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On June 3, 2008, Chow, "who [originally] brought in the motion",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (January 2018)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup> voted to implement a program which would "allow <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objectors</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>... to a war not sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>... to<span class="nowrap"> </span>... remain in Canada". The motion gained international attention from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the New Zealand press.<sup id="cite_ref-TVNZ_2006457_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TVNZ_2006457-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i> reported: "[It] passed 137 to 110 ... But the motion is non-binding and the victory was bittersweet as the government (Conservative Party of Canada) is likely to ignore it."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> sought and received permission to seek a new mandate in <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>, Chow would reintroduce the same motion in the <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_Parliament" title="40th Canadian Parliament">40th Canadian Parliament</a>. The House passed it on March 30, 2009, with a vote of 129–125.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chow was instrumental in debates and actions surrounding <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_Iraq_War_resisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada and Iraq War resisters">Canada and Iraq War resisters</a>. In 2009, Chow introduced a private member's bill, the "Early Learning and Child Care Act" (Bill C-373), which aimed to establish a universal non-profit national childcare program.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg/250px-Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg/330px-Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg/500px-Layton_and_Chow_on_their_way_to_vote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Chow walks to her polling station with her husband <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a>, May 2, 2011.</figcaption></figure><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>, which saw the NDP's historic rise to <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a>, Chow was re-elected handily in Trinity—Spadina with a margin of more than 20,000 votes over her nearest rival. She was named critic for transport, infrastructure and communities in the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Canada)">Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet</a>. She also became the first spouse of a leader of the Opposition to be an MP as well. </p><p>However, her time in <a href="/wiki/Stornoway_(residence)" title="Stornoway (residence)">Stornoway</a> was to be short, as Jack Layton <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jack_Layton" title="Death and state funeral of Jack Layton">died of cancer</a> just three months after assuming office. Chow was in the spotlight as Layton's widow during the mourning period and state funeral, winning respect for her care for her husband in his last days and for her dignity and poise in grief,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her personal and political partnerships with Layton were eulogized.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She ruled out a bid for the <a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership of the NDP</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pledged to remain neutral in the leadership race.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 12, 2014, Chow resigned her seat and registered to run in the 2014 mayoral race in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-globeandmail_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeandmail-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-registers_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-registers-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_attempted_return">2015 attempted return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2015 attempted return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chow announced on July 28, 2015, that she was seeking the federal NDP nomination in <a href="/wiki/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spadina—Fort York (federal electoral district)">Spadina—Fort York</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>. The new riding comprises much of the former Trinity—Spadina riding. She faced Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Adam_Vaughan" title="Adam Vaughan">Adam Vaughan</a>, who was elected MP for Trinity—Spadina in 2014 in a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> that was held following Chow's resignation to run for mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-return_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-return-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elect2015_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elect2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chow lost to Vaughan by a wide margin amid a Liberal sweep of Toronto ridings.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayoral_campaigns">Mayoral campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mayoral campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_mayoral_election">2014 mayoral election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2014 mayoral election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png/250px-Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png/330px-Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png/400px-Olivia_Chow_mayor_campaign.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Chow speaks at a campaign event.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chow entered the <a href="/wiki/2014_Toronto_mayoral_election" title="2014 Toronto mayoral election">2014 Toronto mayoral campaign</a> in an attempt to unseat incumbent <a href="/wiki/Rob_Ford" title="Rob Ford">Rob Ford</a> after most polls taken over the previous year suggested she was best placed to win either a head-to-head vote against Ford or a multi-candidate contest. Ford's mayoralty had been at the centre of several controversies during his tenure, most significantly over accusations and ultimately Ford's own admission that he had used <a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">crack cocaine</a> as well as allegations that he has associated with criminals. Chow was the only prominent centre-left candidate running against Ford. Her other major rivals in the election, former provincial Opposition leader <a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a>, councillor <a href="/wiki/Karen_Stintz" title="Karen Stintz">Karen Stintz</a> and former budget chief <a href="/wiki/David_Soknacki" title="David Soknacki">David Soknacki</a> as well as Ford himself, were all centre-right candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-registers_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-registers-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow's campaign manager was <a href="/wiki/John_Laschinger" title="John Laschinger">John Laschinger</a>, who previously managed <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Miller (Canadian politician)">David Miller's</a> mayoral campaigns as well as federal and provincial Conservative campaigns. Former federal and provincial Liberal strategist <a href="/wiki/Warren_Kinsella" title="Warren Kinsella">Warren Kinsella</a> also worked on her campaign. Other senior staff included former MuchMusic VJ <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hollett" title="Jennifer Hollett">Jennifer Hollett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former NDP national director Nathan Rotman,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Topp" title="Brian Topp">Brian Topp</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former NDP leadership candidate. Supporters included former Ontario Liberal cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/George_Smitherman" title="George Smitherman">George Smitherman</a> (who was the runner-up to Ford in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Toronto_mayoral_election" title="2010 Toronto mayoral election">2010 mayoral election</a>) and filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Deepa_Mehta" title="Deepa Mehta">Deepa Mehta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-registers_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-registers-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow's three priority areas were transit, children and jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She came out against subway expansion in favour of more buses, and building LRTs lines on Toronto's roads.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also released policies about expanding after-school recreation programs for children aged 6–11,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as creating 5,000 jobs and training opportunities for young people through community benefits agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the course of the election, Chow went from the polling favourite at the beginning of the campaign to eventually placing third in the election. Polls suggested she failed to capitalize on her early popularity and fell victim to strategic voting.<sup id="cite_ref-Tory_elected_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tory_elected-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_mayoral_by-election">2023 mayoral by-election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2023 mayoral by-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivia_Chow_2023_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Olivia_Chow_2023_portrait.jpg/250px-Olivia_Chow_2023_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Olivia_Chow_2023_portrait.jpg/330px-Olivia_Chow_2023_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1835" data-file-height="2443" /></a><figcaption>Olivia Chow at the <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> 2023 celebration in Toronto.</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 17, 2023, Chow announced her campaign for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">mayor of Toronto</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Toronto_mayoral_by-election" title="2023 Toronto mayoral by-election">2023 by-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The provincial government's controversial plan to redevelop <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Place" title="Ontario Place">Ontario Place</a> into a spa and waterpark, as well as to move the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Science_Centre" title="Ontario Science Centre">Ontario Science Centre</a> from its original site was criticized by Chow, who proposed stalling the province's plans by withholding a portion of city-owned land on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow's housing policies include building 25,000 rent-controlled homes on city-owned land, with the city acting as a developer. She proposed increasing the vacant property tax to 3 per cent, directing funds to support affordable housing initiatives such as rent supplements, as well as increasing the land transfer tax on luxury homes, using funds to support people who are homeless. Chow also committed to opening 24/7 <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">respite spaces</a> and creating 1000 rent supplements. Her housing platform also includes policies aimed at supporting tenants, including combatting renovictions, doubling Toronto's <a href="/wiki/Rent_bank" title="Rent bank">rent bank</a>, establishing a $100 million fund to purchase rental properties from private landlords and transferring them to not-for-profits, and expanding RentSafeTO, the city's building standards enforcement program.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_mayoral_election,_2023_results_by_ward.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg/220px-Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg/330px-Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg/440px-Toronto_mayoral_election%2C_2023_results_by_ward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>2023 by-election results by ward</figcaption></figure> <p>On transit, Chow proposed converting the <a href="/wiki/Line_3_Scarborough" title="Line 3 Scarborough">Line 3 Scarborough</a> corridor into a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">busway</a>, once it has been decommissioned, estimated to cost $60 million with funding coming from savings realized by cancelling the <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Expressway" title="Gardiner Expressway">Gardiner Expressway</a> rebuild east of <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Toronto)" title="Cherry Street (Toronto)">Cherry Street</a>. She would reverse cuts made to the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> (TTC) in the 2023 budget and expand cell phone service on the subway system to all networks.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow promised to create a team to reduce <a href="/wiki/9-1-1" class="mw-redirect" title="9-1-1">9-1-1</a> wait times and expand the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Community_Crisis_Service" title="Toronto Community Crisis Service">Toronto Community Crisis Service</a> city-wide.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She supports the plan endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Health" title="Toronto Public Health">Toronto Public Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Addiction_and_Mental_Health" title="Centre for Addiction and Mental Health">CAMH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Toronto_Police_Service" title="Chief of the Toronto Police Service">Toronto police chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Myron_Demkiw" title="Myron Demkiw">Myron Demkiw</a> to request a personal drug possession exemption from the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-Toronto_Star_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toronto_Star-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 26, 2023, Chow was elected as mayor of Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an election with 102 candidates, Chow won with 37.2% of the vote defeating <a href="/wiki/Ana_Bail%C3%A3o" title="Ana Bailão">Ana Bailão</a> who placed second with 32.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayor_of_Toronto">Mayor of Toronto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mayor of Toronto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_(53546397547).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg/250px-Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg/330px-Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg/500px-Olivia_Chow_on_swearing_in_day_%2853546397547%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3886" data-file-height="2186" /></a><figcaption>Chow arriving at City Hall for Swearing-in ceremony</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pride_Toronto_2024_(53829680826).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg/250px-Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg/330px-Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg/500px-Pride_Toronto_2024_%2853829680826%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5620" data-file-height="3747" /></a><figcaption>Chow at the <a href="/wiki/Pride_Toronto" title="Pride Toronto">2024 Toronto Pride parade</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following a transition period of two weeks, Chow was sworn in as the 66th mayor of Toronto on July 12, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointments">Appointments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As mayor, Chow can appoint or dismiss the deputy mayor, city department heads, the chairs and vice-chairs of council committees, as well as form the striking committee, which determines the composition of other council committees.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just over a month into her term on August 10, 2023, Chow made a number of changes to key mayoral appointments. <a href="/wiki/Ausma_Malik" title="Ausma Malik">Ausma Malik</a> was named the new <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">deputy mayor of Toronto</a>, taking over from <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McKelvie" title="Jennifer McKelvie">Jennifer McKelvie</a>, who would continue to hold the title in an honorary capacity along with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Colle" title="Michael Colle">Mike Colle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amber_Morley" title="Amber Morley">Amber Morley</a>. Chow also appointed <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Carroll" title="Shelley Carroll">Shelly Carroll</a> to chair the budget committee, <a href="/wiki/Gord_Perks" title="Gord Perks">Gord Perks</a> as chair of planning and housing, <a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Myers" title="Jamaal Myers">Jaamal Myers</a> as chair of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">TTC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Bravo_(politician)" title="Alejandra Bravo (politician)">Alejandra Bravo</a> as chair of the economic and community development committee.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Local</i> notes that the councillors in lead roles come from progressive backgrounds, and the many progressives and centrist councillors appointed to committees have resulted in a wider political range than under the previous administration. Overall, the committee structure experienced a "leftward" shift.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 16, 2024, she dismissed <a href="/wiki/Brad_Bradford" title="Brad Bradford">Brad Bradford</a> from his role as vice-chair of the City’s Planning and Housing Committee and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Frances_Nunziata" title="Frances Nunziata">Frances Nunziata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_finances">City finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: City finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""New_Deal"_for_Toronto"><span id=".22New_Deal.22_for_Toronto"></span>"New Deal" for Toronto</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "New Deal" for Toronto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 2023 by-election, the city's budget shortfall was a major topic of discussion as Toronto's 2023 operating budget faced a shortfall of $1.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Absent financial assistance from other levels of government, the city would be forced use its reserve fund in order to avoid running a deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a decline in revenues during the COVID-19 pandemic, the City of Toronto relied on transfer payments from other levels of government to sustain its operating budget.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her first speech as mayor, Chow called on the provincial and federal governments to commit to a "new deal" for funding the city, criticizing them for withholding a bailout as the city continued to struggle from the financial impact of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following her first official meeting with Premier <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a> on September 18, 2023, Chow and Ford announced that the city and province would form a working group of senior officials to discuss long-term sustainability and stability in Toronto's finances.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chow noted that the city was carrying $1.1 billion in services on behalf of the provincial and federal governments, while Ford committed to avoiding new taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 30, ahead of their second meeting, Chow and Ford wrote a joint letter to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> calling on the federal government to join the working group.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, Chow confirmed that the federal government would participate in the working group.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 27, 2023, Chow and Ford held a joint press conference where they announced that the city and province had come to an agreement regarding a "new deal". In the deal, the province would take over responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Expressway" title="Gardiner Expressway">F.G. Gardiner Expressway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Valley_Parkway" title="Don Valley Parkway">Don Valley Parkway</a>, as well as a $300 million dollar transfer for transit operations and safety. Contingent on federal funding, Ford also committed $758 million to procure new subway trains for <a href="/wiki/Line_2_Bloor%E2%80%93Danforth" title="Line 2 Bloor–Danforth">Line 2 Bloor–Danforth</a> and $600 million across three years to address homelessness. The province would also provide up $342 million over 2024, 2025 and 2026, conditional on Toronto exceeding its annual housing targets by 125 per cent each year.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the deal includes $1.2 billion over three years in operating funding and $7.6 billion in capital relief.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the agreement, the City of Toronto also conceded that it does not have the ability to stop the province's controversial plans to redevelop <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Place" title="Ontario Place">Ontario Place</a> into a private spa and water park, breaking a promise Chow made during her campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_budget">2024 budget</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2024 budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO,_OLIVIA_CHOW,_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg/220px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg/330px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg/440px-REUNI%C3%93N_CON_LA_ALCALDESA_DE_TORONTO%2C_OLIVIA_CHOW%2C_04_DE_MARZO_DE_2024-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5220" data-file-height="3480" /></a><figcaption>Chow (right) with the President of Ecuador <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a> (left), March 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 10, 2024, following a series of pre-budget consultations, city staff presented the Budget Committee with their proposed budget. The initial staff budget proposed a 10.5 per cent property tax increase, contingent on the federal government providing $250 million to house refugee claimants. Without federal funding, the increase could rise to 16.5 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city later decreased the proposed property tax increase to 9.5 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either tax increase would be the largest since the 1998 amalgamation of Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2025_budget">2025 budget</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2025 budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2025 budget features a proposed 6.9 per cent tax hike for homeowners to help fund $18.8 billion in operating expenses she says are aimed at improving key city services such as funding to feed 8,000 more students through school food programs. It also includes a 5.4 per cent property tax increase and the annual 1.5 per cent "city building fund" levy. In January 2025, she announced that TTC fares would be frozen for the second straight year, with Chow introducing a 5.8 per cent increase in service hours that addresses challenges such as traffic congestion.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defending the tax increases, Chow said that "this proposed budget will mean change in Torontonians' lives today".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In preperation for the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 FIFA World Cup</a>, Chow announced that the federal government would give <a href="/wiki/BMO_Field" title="BMO Field">BMO Field</a> $146 million to upgrade its facilities in order to host multiple matches.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Trump tariffs">second Trump tariffs</a>, Chow announced that the city would removing <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla (car)">Tesla</a> from its electric vehicle incentive program, push a "buy local" initiative, remove U.S. flags from city buildings, and bar American companies from some city contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2025, Chow announced that the federal, provincial, and municipal governments would provide $975 million to build 14,000 new homes near the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_waterfront" title="Toronto waterfront">Toronto waterfront</a>. Previously, she announced that the city would build 7000 new rental homes and build Toronto’s first affordable housing project delivered through the Public Developer Delivery model.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2025, the federal government announced that Toronto would receive $2.25 billion in low-cost loans to help build 4,831 rental homes, with more than 1,000 affordable units. It comes after Toronto city council passed a package of financial incentives for rental builders that includes relief from development charges and a reduction in property taxes, so long as 20 per cent of new units are rented at discounted prices.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaming_civic_assets">Renaming civic assets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Renaming civic assets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dundas_Street_and_Square">Dundas Street and Square</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dundas Street and Square"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following her 2023 election, Chow indicated her support for the city's plan to rename <a href="/wiki/Dundas_Street" title="Dundas Street">Dundas Street</a> and related civic assets.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, a petition which received over 14,000 signatures calling for the renaming of the street and related civic assets prompted then-Mayor John Tory to direct city staff to begin a review of the renaming, which was subsequently adopted by city council in 2021 at a cost of $6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2023, the projected cost had risen to $13 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Henry Dundas</a> was a Scottish politician who is controversially known for his role in delaying the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">trans-Atlantic slave trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023, Chow supported a motion introduced by Councillor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Moise" title="Chris Moise">Chris Moise</a>, which would adopt the recommendation of an advisory committee to rename <a href="/wiki/Yonge%E2%80%93Dundas_Square" title="Yonge–Dundas Square">Yonge–Dundas Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sankofa" title="Sankofa">Sankofa</a> Square, a Ghanan word describing the concept of reflecting on teachings from the past.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Council also voted to rename <a href="/wiki/Dundas_station_(Toronto)" title="Dundas station (Toronto)">Dundas Station</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> (TMU), <a href="/wiki/Dundas_West_station" title="Dundas West station">Dundas West Station</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Jane/Dundas Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan would see the cost of renaming the square funded by developers through community benefit charges and the cost of renaming Dundas Station funded by TMU. The renaming of the street was deferred indefinitely due to budget pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_99-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Sankofa Square" was met unfavourably by the majority of Torontonians; a poll conducted in January 2024 found that 71 percent of respondents disapproved of the new name.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right-leaning <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a></i> commentator <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lilley" title="Brian Lilley">Brian Lilley</a> praised the cost savings of Chow's decision to cancel the renaming of the street, describing it as a "compromising between what she wanted and what was possible".<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Centennial_Park_Stadium">Centennial Park Stadium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Centennial Park Stadium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chow supported a motion introduced by Councillor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ainslie" title="Paul Ainslie">Paul Ainslie</a> in December 2023 to rename <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Park_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Centennial Park Stadium">Centennial Park Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke" title="Etobicoke">Etobicoke</a> after former mayor <a href="/wiki/Rob_Ford" title="Rob Ford">Rob Ford</a>, who died in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motion faced opposition owing from Ford's controversial <a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Rob_Ford" title="Mayoralty of Rob Ford">tenure as mayor</a>, however, Chow defended her support, stating that she understood "the pain of losing a loved one" and "what that meant for the Ford family".<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was officially renamed Rob Ford Stadium on May 28, 2024. Chow attended the renaming ceremony along with former mayor Ford's family including his brother, Premier Ford.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approval_rating">Approval rating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Approval rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weeks after taking office, Chow had an approval rating of 73% according to Liaison Strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the release of the 2024 budget, her approval rating decreased to 55%, which was attributed to a property tax hike within the budget.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a poll taken a year after she took office, Chow had a similar approval rating of 59% among Torontonians.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_politics">Outside politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Outside politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following her loss in the 2014 municipal election, Chow was appointed to a three-year term, beginning March 1, 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as distinguished visiting professor in the Faculty of Arts in <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> (formerly Ryerson University), with a focus on community engagement and democratic participation.<sup id="cite_ref-return_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-return-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-starreturn_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starreturn-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 28, 2015, then-Ryerson University released a statement that it had agreed to grant Chow's request for a leave of absence from the university so that she could run for MP.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow's personal memoir, titled <i>My Journey</i>, was published January 21, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Chow founded the Institute for Change Leaders, an organization affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> which teaches political campaign and organizing skills.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chow was married to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> from 1988 until his death in August 2011. On August 20, 2012, she unveiled a statue dedicated to Layton; tributes to him were written in English, Chinese and French. The statue is located in <a href="/wiki/Harbour_Square_Park" title="Harbour Square Park">Harbour Square Park</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton_Ferry_Terminal" title="Jack Layton Ferry Terminal">Jack Layton Ferry Terminal</a>. </p><p>Chow is stepmother to Layton's two children from his previous marriage to Sally Halford, one of whom, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Layton" title="Mike Layton">Mike Layton</a>, was a Toronto city councillor from 2010 to 2022. Chow's half-brother, Andre, lives in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, she revealed that she had undergone surgery for <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_cancer" title="Thyroid cancer">thyroid cancer</a> in 2004. She decided to speak out to raise awareness of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, she was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Hunt_syndrome_type_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II">Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow speaks <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> and English.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sook-Yin_Lee" title="Sook-Yin Lee">Sook-Yin Lee</a> in the 2013 <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Jack_(2013_film)" title="Jack (2013 film)">Jack</a></i>. Lee won a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards" title="Canadian Screen Awards">Canadian Screen Award</a> for her performance.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow is a <a href="/wiki/Trekkie" title="Trekkie"><i>Star Trek</i> fan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2012, Chow was named one of the top 25 Canadian immigrants in Canada by the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Immigrant" title="Canadian Immigrant">Canadian Immigrant</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay_Agnihotri_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay_Agnihotri-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chow was voted "Best City Councillor" on numerous occasions by Toronto's alternative weeklies <i><a href="/wiki/Now_(newspaper)" title="Now (newspaper)">Now Magazine</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Eye_Weekly" title="Eye Weekly">Eye Weekly</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Federation_of_Labour" title="Ontario Federation of Labour">Ontario Federation of Labour</a> named an award after her, the "Olivia Chow Childcare Champion Award".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal">Municipal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Municipal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/2023_Toronto_mayoral_by-election" title="2023 Toronto mayoral by-election">2023 Toronto mayoral by-election</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:200px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:50px;">Votes </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:30px;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td>268,676</td> <td>37.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ana_Bail%C3%A3o" title="Ana Bailão">Ana Bailão</a></td> <td>234,647</td> <td>32.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Saunders_(police_officer)" title="Mark Saunders (police officer)">Mark Saunders</a></td> <td>62,017</td> <td>8.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anthony Furey</td> <td>35,839</td> <td>4.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Josh_Matlow" title="Josh Matlow">Josh Matlow</a></td> <td>35,516</td> <td>4.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitzie_Hunter" title="Mitzie Hunter">Mitzie Hunter</a></td> <td>21,170</td> <td>2.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chloe Brown</td> <td>18,763</td> <td>2.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>95 other candidates</td> <td>46,249</td> <td>6.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>722,877</b> </td> <td><b>100.00</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Source: City of Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Toronto_mayoral_election" title="2014 Toronto mayoral election">2014 Toronto mayoral election</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:150px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf;">Votes </th> <th style="background:#ddf;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a></td> <td align="right">394,775</td> <td align="right">40.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Doug Ford, Jr.">Doug Ford</a></td> <td align="right">330,610</td> <td align="right">33.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td align="right">226,879</td> <td align="right">23.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 other candidates</td> <td align="right">7,913</td> <td align="right">2.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td align="right"><b>980,177</b></td> <td align="right"><b>100.00</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Source: City of Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Toronto_municipal_election" title="2000 Toronto municipal election">2000 Toronto municipal election</a>: Ward 20 – Trinity—Spadina</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:200px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:50px;">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td>9,477 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rosie Schwartz</td> <td>1,140 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roberto Verdecchia</td> <td>1,126 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/1997_Toronto_municipal_election" title="1997 Toronto municipal election">1997 Toronto municipal election</a>: Ward 24 – Downtown</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:200px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:50px;">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td>20,453 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Rae" title="Kyle Rae">Kyle Rae</a></td> <td>16,149 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Al Carbone</td> <td>5,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paul Hogan</td> <td>2,319 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rosie Schwartz</td> <td>2,001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Doug Lowry</td> <td>1,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charlene Cottle</td> <td>864 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roberto Verdecchia</td> <td>787 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carmin Priolo</td> <td>398 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Toronto_municipal_election" title="1994 Toronto municipal election">1994 Toronto municipal election</a>: <span class="nowrap">Metro Toronto</span> Ward 24 – Downtown</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:200px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:50px;">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td>13,327 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeffrey Valentine</td> <td>5,940 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/1991_Toronto_municipal_election" title="1991 Toronto municipal election">1991 Toronto municipal election</a>: <span class="nowrap">Metro Toronto</span> Ward 24 – Downtown</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:200px;">Candidate </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:50px;">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Olivia Chow</b></td> <td>10,024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Storm MacGregor</td> <td>4,913 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michael Lockey</td> <td>2,805 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larry Lee</td> <td>1,836 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zoltan Fekete</td> <td>1,327 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal">Federal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York" title="Template:2015 Canadian federal election/Spadina—Fort York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York" title="Template talk:2015 Canadian federal election/Spadina—Fort York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2015 Canadian federal election/Spadina—Fort York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spadina%E2%80%94Fort_York_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spadina—Fort York (federal electoral district)">Spadina—Fort York</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_Vaughan" title="Adam Vaughan">Adam Vaughan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,141</td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.66</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>30.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,047</td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.28</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>22.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Sabrina Zuniga</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,673</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.73</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>5.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Sharon Danley</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,137</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.11</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Accountability,_Competency_and_Transparency" title="Party for Accountability, Competency and Transparency">PACT</a></td> <td>Michael Nicula</td> <td style="text-align:right;">91</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Nick Lin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.11</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">55,148</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0  </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$205,892.35</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">268</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.48</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">55,416</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">73.93</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">74,958</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template talk:2011 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">35,493</td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+13.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Christine Innes</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,218</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−11.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Gin Siow</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,938</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.7</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Rachel Barney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,279</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.0</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4.0</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F2BA00; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chester_Brown" title="Chester Brown">Chester Brown</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">454</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.7</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.12</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Nick Lin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">178</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">? </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65,560</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">?</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65,560</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">68.8</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template talk:2008 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,442</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.88</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−5.15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$87,231 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Christine Innes</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,967</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−5.08</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$68,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Christine McGirr</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,220</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.75</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.74</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$53,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Stephen LaFrenie</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,383</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+5.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$12,333 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F2BA00; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chester_Brown" title="Chester Brown">Chester Brown</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">490</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Carlos Santos Almeida</td> <td style="text-align:right;">164</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$541 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Val Illie</td> <td style="text-align:right;">130</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$580 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">59,796</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$94,303</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template talk:2006 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,748</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.99</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$78,702 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianno" title="Tony Ianno">Tony Ianno</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,067</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.14</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.41</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$66,373 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Sam Goldstein</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,625</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.01</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$22,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Thom Chapman</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,398</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.84</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.40</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$165 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6666CC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian</a></td> <td>Asif Hossain</td> <td style="text-align:right;">392</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.37</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$257 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Nick Lin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">138</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DC143C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Action_Party" title="Canadian Action Party">Canadian Action</a></td> <td>John Riddell</td> <td style="text-align:right;">82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.04</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$25 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">62,450</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">278</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.44</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−0.17</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">62,728</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">70.9</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+7.2</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template:2004 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template talk:2004 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2004 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianno" title="Tony Ianno">Tony Ianno</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,202</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.86</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$68,821 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,397</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.04</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.87</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$77,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>David Watters</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,605</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.64</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2.15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$34,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Mark Viitala</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,259</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.91</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,330 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6666CC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian</a></td> <td>Asif Hossain</td> <td style="text-align:right;">531</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$24 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Nick Lin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">102</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.19</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$164 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DC143C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Action_Party" title="Canadian Action Party">Canadian Action</a></td> <td>Tristan Alexander Downe-Dewdney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">91</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Daniel Knezetic</td> <td style="text-align:right;">89</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$3,103 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">53,276</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">329</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.61</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">53,605</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">63.7</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1997_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template:1997 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1997_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Template talk:1997 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1997_Canadian_federal_election/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1997 Canadian federal election/Trinity—Spadina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinity%E2%80%94Spadina_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)">Trinity—Spadina</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianno" title="Tony Ianno">Tony Ianno</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,215</td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.30</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−5.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,413</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.81</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+13.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Danielle Wai Mascall</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,793</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.95</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></td> <td>Nolan Young</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,649</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Sat Singh Khalsa</td> <td style="text-align:right;">392</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.97</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E6E6FA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a></td> <td>Ashley Deans</td> <td style="text-align:right;">194</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>John Roderick Wilson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">159</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.40</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>J.-P. Bedard</td> <td style="text-align:right;">140</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DC143C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Action_Party" title="Canadian Action Party">Canadian Action</a></td> <td>Thomas P. Beckerle</td> <td style="text-align:right;">130</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Roberto Verdecchia</td> <td style="text-align:right;">129</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">40,214</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Layton_family" title="Layton family">Layton family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Ontario, municipal politicians are elected on a non-partisan basis.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Olivia+Chow+launches+federal+run+for+NDP+in+Spadina-Fort+York&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcity_hall%2F2015%2F07%2F28%2Folivia-chow-launches-federal-run-for-ndp-in-spadina-fort-york.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/liberals-ndp-toronto-danforth-1.3279370">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It hurts': NDP shut out of downtown Toronto in Liberal crush"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. October 20, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Another decisive Liberal win came in Spadina—Fort York, where Layton's widow, Olivia Chow, lost to former Toronto city councillor Adam Vaughan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=%27It+hurts%27%3A+NDP+shut+out+of+downtown+Toronto+in+Liberal+crush&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fliberals-ndp-toronto-danforth-1.3279370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/toronto2014election/2014/03/28/election_2014_olivia_chow_deletes_the_most_facebook_comments.html">Olivia Chow deletes the most Facebook comments</a> Toronto Star. March 28, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/nathan-rotman-leaves-ndp-role-to-work-on-olivia-chow-mayoral-bid-1.2587411">"NDP's national director jumps to Olivia Chow mayoral campaign"</a>. <i>CBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://nowtoronto.com/news/canadians-react-to-toronto-removing-tesla-from-its-ev-incentives/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Great decision,' Canadians react to Toronto removing Tesla from its EV incentives"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Great+decision%2C%27+Canadians+react+to+Toronto+removing+Tesla+from+its+EV+incentives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnowtoronto.com%2Fnews%2Fcanadians-react-to-toronto-removing-tesla-from-its-ev-incentives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" 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October 28, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+of+Toronto&rft.pub=NOW+Magazine&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nowtoronto.com%2Fissues%2F2004-10-28%2Frp_movers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ofl.ca/kathy-le-receives-2019-olivia-chow-child-care-champion-award/">"Kathy le receives 2019 Olivia Chow Child Care Champion Award"</a>. November 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kathy+le+receives+2019+Olivia+Chow+Child+Care+Champion+Award&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fofl.ca%2Fkathy-le-receives-2019-olivia-chow-child-care-champion-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionresults.toronto.ca/">"City of Toronto - City of Toronto Elections Result"</a>. <i>electionresults.toronto.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=electionresults.toronto.ca&rft.atitle=City+of+Toronto+-+City+of+Toronto+Elections+Result&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionresults.toronto.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/9059-election-2014-clerksofficialdeclarationofresults.pdf">"Declaration of Results"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Toronto City Clerk's Office</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+City+Clerk%27s+Office&rft.atitle=Declaration+of+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F08%2F9059-election-2014-clerksofficialdeclarationofresults.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=35101&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=ON&PROVID=35&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1">Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Spadina—Fort York, 30 September 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e">Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045200/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand%2Fcanlim&document=index&lang=e">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChow2014" class="citation book cs1">Chow, Olivia (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/myjourneymemoir00chow"><i>My Journey</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443428293" title="Special:BookSources/978-1443428293"><bdi>978-1443428293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Journey&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1443428293&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmyjourneymemoir00chow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Chow" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=12321">Olivia Chow – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/council/office-of-the-mayor/about-mayor/">City of Toronto: About Mayor Olivia Chow</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/oliviachow">Olivia Chow</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3350703#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 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href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4696148/">Olivia Chow</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gurnett" title="George Gurnett">Gurnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Powell_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Powell (Canadian politician)">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Monro_(politician)" title="George Monro (politician)">Monro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sherwood" title="Henry Sherwood">Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Boulton" title="William Henry Boulton">Boulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gurnett" title="George Gurnett">Gurnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_George_Bowes" title="John George Bowes">Bowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_George_Beard" title="Joshua George Beard">Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Allan" title="George William Allan">Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beverley_Robinson" title="John Beverley Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutchison_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Hutchison (Canadian politician)">Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Boulton" title="William Henry Boulton">Boulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Breakenridge_Read" title="David Breakenridge Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Wilson" title="Adam Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_George_Bowes" title="John George Bowes">Bowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Henry_Medcalf" title="Francis Henry Medcalf">Medcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Smith_(politician)" title="James Edward Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bickerton_Harman" title="Samuel Bickerton Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sheard" title="Joseph Sheard">Sheard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Manning" title="Alexander Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Henry_Medcalf" title="Francis Henry Medcalf">Medcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Morrison_(politician)" title="Angus Morrison (politician)">A. Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Beaty_Jr." title="James Beaty Jr.">Beaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barclay_McMurrich" title="William Barclay McMurrich">McMurrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Radcliffe_Boswell" title="Arthur Radcliffe Boswell">Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Manning" title="Alexander Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holmes_Howland" title="William Holmes Howland">W. Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Frederick_Clarke" title="Edward Frederick Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Fleming_(Canadian_politician)" title="Robert John Fleming (Canadian politician)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_Kennedy" title="Warring Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Fleming_(Canadian_politician)" title="Robert John Fleming (Canadian politician)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shaw_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Shaw (Canadian politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_A._Macdonald" title="Ernest A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Aiken_Howland" title="Oliver Aiken Howland">O. Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Urquhart_(politician)" title="Thomas Urquhart (politician)">Urquhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Coatsworth" title="Emerson Coatsworth">Coatsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joseph Oliver (politician)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reginald_Geary" title="George Reginald Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Clarence_Hocken" title="Horatio Clarence Hocken">Hocken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langton_Church" title="Thomas Langton Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Maguire" title="Charles A. Maguire">Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._W._Hiltz" title="W. W. Hiltz">Hiltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Foster_(Canadian_politician)" title="Thomas Foster (Canadian politician)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McBride" title="Sam McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Wemp" title="Bert Wemp">Wemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Stewart" title="William James Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Simpson (Canadian politician)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McBride" title="Sam McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Robbins" title="William D. Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Day" title="Ralph Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Conboy" title="Frederick J. Conboy">Conboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hood_Saunders" title="Robert Hood Saunders">R. Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_E._McCallum" title="Hiram E. McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Lamport" title="Allan Lamport">Lamport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Howard_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie Howard Saunders">L. Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Phillips_(politician)" title="Nathan Phillips (politician)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dean_Summerville" title="Donald Dean Summerville">Summerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Givens" title="Philip Givens">Givens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Dennison (Canadian politician)">Dennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crombie" title="David Crombie">Crombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Beavis" title="Fred Beavis">Beavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sewell" title="John Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Rowlands" title="June Rowlands">Rowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hall_(politician)" title="Barbara Hall (politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Lastman" title="Mel Lastman">Lastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Miller (Canadian politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Ford" title="Rob Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">Tory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chow</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Toronto,_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/60px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/120px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto_city_councillors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto city councillors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Toronto_City_Council158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">Toronto City Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Crisanti" title="Vincent Crisanti">Vincent Crisanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holyday" title="Stephen Holyday">Stephen Holyday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Morley" title="Amber Morley">Amber Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_Perks" title="Gord Perks">Gord Perks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Nunziata" title="Frances Nunziata">Frances Nunziata</a></li></ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="6"> <a href="/wiki/James_Pasternak" title="James Pasternak">James Pasternak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perruzza" title="Anthony Perruzza">Anthony Perruzza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Colle" title="Michael Colle">Michael Colle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Bravo_(politician)" title="Alejandra Bravo (politician)">Alejandra Bravo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ausma_Malik" title="Ausma Malik">Ausma Malik</a></i></li></ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="11"><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Saxe" title="Dianne Saxe">Dianne Saxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Matlow" title="Josh Matlow">Josh Matlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Moise" title="Chris Moise">Chris Moise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Fletcher" title="Paula Fletcher">Paula Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Chernos_Lin" title="Rachel Chernos Lin">Rachel Chernos Lin</a></li></ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="16"> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Burnside" title="Jon Burnside">Jon Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Carroll" title="Shelley Carroll">Shelley Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Cheng" title="Lily Cheng">Lily Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Bradford" title="Brad Bradford">Brad Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthi_Kandavel" title="Parthi Kandavel">Parthi Kandavel</a></li></ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="21"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Thompson (Canadian politician)">Michael Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Mantas" title="Nick Mantas">Nick Mantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Myers" title="Jamaal Myers">Jamaal Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ainslie" title="Paul Ainslie">Paul Ainslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McKelvie" title="Jennifer McKelvie">Jennifer McKelvie</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Statutory <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">Deputy Mayor</a> denoted in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_cities_in_Ontario31" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_in_Ontario" title="Template:Mayors in Ontario"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_in_Ontario" title="Template talk:Mayors in Ontario"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_in_Ontario" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors in Ontario"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_cities_in_Ontario31" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mayors of cities in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Collier" title="Shaun Collier">Shaun Collier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ajax,_Ontario" title="Ajax, Ontario">Ajax</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lisa McGee (<a href="/wiki/Arnprior,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnprior, Ontario">Arnprior</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Nuttall" title="Alex Nuttall">Alex Nuttall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ellis_(politician)" title="Neil Ellis (politician)">Neil Ellis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario" title="Belleville, Ontario">Belleville</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="Patrick Brown (Canadian politician)">Patrick Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">David Bailey (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kevin Davis (politician)">Kevin Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Matt Wren (<a href="/wiki/Brockville" title="Brockville">Brockville</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Meed_Ward" title="Marianne Meed Ward">Marianne Meed Ward</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Liggett" title="Jan Liggett">Jan Liggett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darrin_Canniff" title="Darrin Canniff">Darrin Canniff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent" title="Chatham-Kent">Chatham-Kent</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mario Zanth (<a href="/wiki/Clarence-Rockland" title="Clarence-Rockland">Clarence-Rockland</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Foster_(politician)" title="Adrian Foster (politician)">Adrian Foster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clarington" title="Clarington">Clarington</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Towndale" title="Justin Towndale">Justin Towndale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cornwall,_Ontario" title="Cornwall, Ontario">Cornwall</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jack B. Harrison (<a href="/wiki/Dryden,_Ontario" title="Dryden, Ontario">Dryden</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Andrew Wannan (<a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lake" title="Elliot Lake">Elliot Lake</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lefebvre_(Canadian_politician)" title="Paul Lefebvre (Canadian politician)">Paul Lefebvre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cam_Guthrie" title="Cam Guthrie">Cam Guthrie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Shelley Ann Bentley (<a href="/wiki/Haldimand_County" title="Haldimand County">Haldimand</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Horwath" title="Andrea Horwath">Andrea Horwath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Doug Elmslie (<a href="/wiki/Kawartha_Lakes" title="Kawartha Lakes">Kawartha Lakes</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Andrew Poirier (<a href="/wiki/Kenora" title="Kenora">Kenora</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Paterson" title="Bryan Paterson">Bryan Paterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Berry_Vrbanovic" title="Berry Vrbanovic">Berry Vrbanovic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Morgan_(politician)" title="Josh Morgan (politician)">Josh Morgan</a> (<a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Scarpitti" title="Frank Scarpitti">Frank Scarpitti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Krantz" title="Gordon Krantz">Gordon Krantz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milton,_Ontario" title="Milton, Ontario">Milton</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Parrish" title="Carolyn Parrish">Carolyn Parrish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">John Taylor (<a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_Ontario" title="Newmarket, Ontario">Newmarket</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Diodati" title="Jim Diodati">Jim Diodati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Amy Martin (<a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Ontario" title="Norfolk County, Ontario">Norfolk</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Peter Chirico (<a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Burton" title="Rob Burton">Rob Burton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Donald McIsaac (<a href="/wiki/Orillia" title="Orillia">Orillia</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Carter_(Canadian_politician)" title="Dan Carter (Canadian politician)">Dan Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sutcliffe" title="Mark Sutcliffe">Mark Sutcliffe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ian Boddy (<a href="/wiki/Owen_Sound" title="Owen Sound">Owen Sound</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ron Gervais (<a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Ontario" title="Pembroke, Ontario">Pembroke</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Leal" title="Jeff Leal">Jeff Leal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Ashe" title="Kevin Ashe">Kevin Ashe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pickering,_Ontario" title="Pickering, Ontario">Pickering</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bill Steele (<a href="/wiki/Port_Colborne" title="Port Colborne">Port Colborne</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Steve Ferguson (<a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Ontario" title="Prince Edward County, Ontario">Prince Edward</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jim Harrison (<a href="/wiki/Quinte_West" title="Quinte West">Quinte West</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_West_(Canadian_politician)" title="David West (Canadian politician)">David West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richmond_Hill,_Ontario" title="Richmond Hill, Ontario">Richmond Hill</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mat_Siscoe" title="Mat Siscoe">Mat Siscoe</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Preston_(politician)" title="Joe Preston (politician)">Joe Preston</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontario" title="St. Thomas, Ontario">St. Thomas</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bradley_(politician)" title="Mike Bradley (politician)">Mike Bradley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Matthew Shoemaker (<a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Martin Ritsma (<a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Ontario" title="Stratford, Ontario">Stratford</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jeff Laferriere (<a href="/wiki/Temiskaming_Shores" title="Temiskaming Shores">Temiskaming Shores</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Terry Ugulini (<a href="/wiki/Thorold" title="Thorold">Thorold</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Boshcoff" title="Ken Boshcoff">Ken Boshcoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Michelle Boileau (<a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Chow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Del_Duca" title="Steven Del Duca">Steven Del Duca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaughan" title="Vaughan">Vaughan</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McCabe" title="Dorothy McCabe">Dorothy McCabe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Frank Campion (<a href="/wiki/Welland" title="Welland">Welland</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Roy" title="Elizabeth Roy">Elizabeth Roy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whitby,_Ontario" title="Whitby, Ontario">Whitby</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drew_Dilkens" title="Drew Dilkens">Drew Dilkens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jerry Acchione (<a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Ontario" title="Woodstock, Ontario">Woodstock</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_largest_cities_by_GDP114" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_largest_cities_in_the_world_by_GDP" title="Template:Leaders of the largest cities in the world by GDP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_largest_cities_in_the_world_by_GDP" title="Template talk:Leaders of the largest cities in the world by GDP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_largest_cities_in_the_world_by_GDP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the largest cities in the world by GDP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_largest_cities_by_GDP114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">largest cities by GDP</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yin_Yong_(politician)" title="Yin Yong (politician)">Yin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Fengchao" title="Wang Fengchao">Wang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hu_Henghua" title="Hu Henghua">Hu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Zhiyang" title="Sun Zhiyang">Sun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gong_Zheng" title="Gong Zheng">Gong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qin_Weizhong" title="Qin Weizhong">Qin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gong_(politician)" title="Zhang Gong (politician)">Zhang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Yongwen" title="Cheng Yongwen">Cheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">Lee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, China)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Kumar_Khichi" title="Mahesh Kumar Khichi">Khichi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, India)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pramono_Anung" title="Pramono Anung">Pramono</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuriko_Koike" title="Yuriko Koike">Koike</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Wan-an" title="Chiang Wan-an">Chiang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oh_Se-hoon" title="Oh Se-hoon">Oh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chadchart_Sittipunt" title="Chadchart Sittipunt">Chadchart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Hidalgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Wegner" title="Kai Wegner">Wegner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Josef" title="Mike Josef">Josef</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sala_(politician)" title="Giuseppe Sala (politician)">Sala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Sobyanin" title="Sergey Sobyanin">Sobyanin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Mart%C3%ADnez-Almeida" title="José Luis Martínez-Almeida">Martínez-Almeida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu" title="Ekrem İmamoğlu">İmamoğlu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clara_Brugada" title="Clara Brugada">Brugada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dickens" title="Andre Dickens">Dickens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Wu" title="Michelle Wu">Wu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Johnson" title="Brandon Johnson">Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Whitmire" title="John Whitmire">Whitmire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">Bass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Suarez" title="Francis Suarez">Suarez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cherelle_Parker" title="Cherelle Parker">Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Gloria" title="Todd Gloria">Gloria</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lurie" title="Daniel Lurie">Lurie</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Mahan" title="Matt Mahan">Mahan</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Harrell" title="Bruce Harrell">Harrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, US)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Bowser" title="Muriel Bowser">Bowser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Macri" title="Jorge Macri">Macri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paes" title="Eduardo Paes">Paes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Nunes_(politician)" title="Ricardo Nunes (politician)">Nunes</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3350703#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata864" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3350703#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata864" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3350703#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000423569910">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305409424">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1953036/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJht4QQvp9cdcQ7h9gw6Kd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014083462">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811357126005606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>9 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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