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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidh%C3%B6ggr" title="Nidhöggr – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nidhöggr" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhog" title="Nidhog – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nidhog" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhug" title="Nidhug – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nidhug" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidh%C3%B6ggr" title="Nidhöggr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nidhöggr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidh%C3%B6ggr" title="Nidhöggr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nidhöggr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Niðhöggr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Niðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="نیهوگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیهوگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADdh%C3%B6gg" title="Nídhögg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nídhögg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EB%93%9C%ED%98%B8%EA%B7%B8" title="니드호그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니드호그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggur" title="Níðhöggur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Níðhöggur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhjegs" title="Nidhjegs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nidhjegs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogas" title="Nidhogas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nidhogas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%98%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="ニーズヘッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニーズヘッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B3" title="Нидхёгг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нидхёгг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidhogg" title="Nidhogg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nidhogg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidh%C3%B6ggr" title="Nidhöggr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nidhöggr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidh%C3%B6gg" title="Nidhögg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nidhögg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="นีดฮ็อกเกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นีดฮ็อกเกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Níðhöggr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%BE%D2%91%D2%91" title="Нідгьоґґ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нідгьоґґ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A0%BC" title="尼德霍格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼德霍格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Serpent from Norse mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nidhogg" redirects here. For the video game, see <a href="/wiki/Nidhogg_(video_game)" title="Nidhogg (video game)">Nidhogg (video game)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nidhogg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nidhogg.png/300px-Nidhogg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nidhogg.png/450px-Nidhogg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nidhogg.png/600px-Nidhogg.png 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Níðhǫggr gnaws the roots of Yggdrasill in this illustration from a 17th-century Icelandic manuscript.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <b>Níðhöggr</b> (<i>Malice Striker</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> traditionally also spelled <b>Níðhǫggr</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="non-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈniːðˌhɔɡːz̠]</a></span>, often <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">anglicized</a> <b>Nidhogg</b><sup id="cite_ref-name_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a Serpent who gnaws at the roots of the <a href="/wiki/World_tree" title="World tree">world tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a>. In historical <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> society, <a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" title="Nīþ">níð</a> was a term for a <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a>, implying the loss of honor and the status of a <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villain</a>. Thus, its name might refer to its role as a horrific monster in its action of chewing the corpses of the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a>: those guilty of murder, adultery, and oath-breaking. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the standardized <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Old Norse orthography</a>, the name is spelled <i><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Níðhǫggr</i></span></i>, but the letter <i><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">ǫ</a></i></span></i> is frequently replaced with the Modern Icelandic <i><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></i></span></i> for reasons of familiarity or technical expediency. </p><p>The name can be <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography#Anglicized_spelling" title="Old Norse orthography">represented in English texts</a> with <i>i</i> for <i>í</i>; <i>th</i>, <i>d</i> or (rarely) <i>dh</i> for <i>ð</i>; <i>o</i> for <i>ǫ</i> and optionally without <i>r</i> as in Modern Scandinavian reflexes. The <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Modern Icelandic</a> form <i><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Níðhöggur</i></span></i> is also sometimes seen, with special characters or similarly anglicized. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> forms <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Nidhug</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Nidhøg</i></span></i> can also be encountered; or <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Nidhogg</i></span></i> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Nidhögg</i></span></i>. The English cognate would be Nithhewer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prose_Edda">Prose Edda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prose Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i> part of <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i>, Níðhǫggr is a being which gnaws one of the three roots of <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasill" class="mw-redirect" title="Yggdrasill">Yggdrasill</a>. It is sometimes believed that the roots are trapping the beast from the world. This root is placed over <a href="/wiki/Niflheimr" class="mw-redirect" title="Niflheimr">Niflheimr</a> and Níðhǫggr gnaws it from beneath. The same source also says that "[t]he squirrel called <a href="/wiki/Ratatoskr" title="Ratatoskr">Ratatoskr</a> runs up and down the length of the Ash, bearing envious words between the <a href="/wiki/Ve%C3%B0rf%C3%B6lnir_and_eagle" title="Veðrfölnir and eagle">eagle</a> and Nídhǫggr [the snake]."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i> section of the <i>Prose Edda</i> Snorri specifies Níðhǫggr as a serpent in a list of names of such creatures: </p> <dl><dd>These are names for serpents: dragon, <a href="/wiki/Fafnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Fafnir">Fafnir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jormungand" class="mw-redirect" title="Jormungand">Jormungand</a>, adder, Nidhogg, snake, viper, Goinn, Moinn, Grafvitnir, Grabak, Ofnir, Svafnir, masked one.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Snorri's knowledge of Níðhǫggr seems to come from two of the <a href="/wiki/Eddic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddic poem">Eddic poems</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADmnism%C3%A1l" title="Grímnismál">Grímnismál</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1" title="Völuspá">Völuspá</a></i>. </p><p>Later in <i>Skáldskaparmál</i>, Snorri includes Níðhǫggr in a list of various terms and names for swords.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetic_Edda">Poetic Edda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poetic Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poem <i>Grímnismál</i> identifies a number of beings which live in Yggdrasill. The tree suffers great hardship from all the creatures which live on it. The poem identifies Níðhǫggr as tearing at the tree from beneath and also mentions Ratatoskr as carrying messages between Níðhǫggr and the eagle who lives at the top of the tree. Snorri Sturluson often quotes Grímnismál and clearly used it as his source for this information. </p><p>The poem <i>Völuspá</i> mentions Níðhöggr/Níðhǫggr twice. The first instance is in its description of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a>. </p> <table width="99%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="33%"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413124631/http://www3.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/vsp3.html">Eysteinn Björnsson's edition</a> </th> <th width="33%"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voluspa.org/voluspa36-40.htm">Bellows' translation</a> </th> <th width="33%"><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Dronke" title="Ursula Dronke">Dronke</a>'s translation </th></tr> <tr> <td> <dl><dd>Sal sá hon standa</dd> <dd>sólu fjarri</dd> <dd>Náströndu á,</dd> <dd>norðr horfa dyrr.</dd> <dd>Fellu eitrdropar</dd> <dd>inn um ljóra,</dd> <dd>sá er undinn salr</dd> <dd>orma hryggjum.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Sá hon þar vaða</dd> <dd>þunga strauma</dd> <dd>menn meinsvara</dd> <dd>ok morðvarga</dd> <dd>ok þanns annars glepr</dd> <dd>eyrarúnu.</dd> <dd>Þar saug Niðhöggr</dd> <dd>nái framgengna,</dd> <dd>sleit vargr vera—</dd> <dd>vituð ér enn, eða hvat ?</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd>A hall I saw,</dd> <dd>far from the sun,</dd> <dd>On Nastrond it stands,</dd> <dd>and the doors face north,</dd> <dd>Venom drops</dd> <dd>through the smoke-vent down,</dd> <dd>For around the walls</dd> <dd>do serpents wind.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>I there saw wading</dd> <dd>through rivers wild</dd> <dd>treacherous men</dd> <dd>and murderers too,</dd> <dd>And workers of ill</dd> <dd>with the wives of men;</dd> <dd>There Nithhogg sucked</dd> <dd>the blood of the slain,</dd> <dd>And the wolf tore men;</dd> <dd>would you know yet more?</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd>A hall she saw standing</dd> <dd>remote from the sun</dd> <dd>on Dead Body Shore.</dd> <dd>Its door looks north.</dd> <dd>There fell drops of venom</dd> <dd>in through the roof vent.</dd> <dd>That hall is woven</dd> <dd>of serpents' spines.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>She saw there wading</dd> <dd>onerous streams</dd> <dd>men perjured</dd> <dd>and wolfish murderers</dd> <dd>and the one who seduces</dd> <dd>another's close-trusted wife.</dd> <dd>There Malice Striker sucked</dd> <dd>corpses of the dead,</dd> <dd>the wolf tore men.</dd> <dd>Do you still seek to know? And what?</dd></dl> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Níðhöggr/Níðhǫggr is also mentioned at the end of <i>Völuspá</i>, where he is identified as a dragon and a serpent. </p> <table width="99%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="33%"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413124631/http://www3.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/vsp3.html">Eysteinn Björnsson's edition</a> </th> <th width="33%"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voluspa.org/voluspa61-66.htm">Bellows' translation</a> </th> <th width="33%">Dronke's translation </th></tr> <tr> <td> <dl><dd>Þar kømr inn dimmi</dd> <dd>dreki fljúgandi,</dd> <dd>naðr fránn, neðan</dd> <dd>frá Niðafjöllum.</dd> <dd>Berr sér í fjöðrum</dd> <dd>—flýgr völl yfir—</dd> <dd>Níðhöggr nái—</dd> <dd>nú mun hon søkkvask.</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd>From below the dragon</dd> <dd>dark comes forth,</dd> <dd>Nithhogg flying</dd> <dd>from <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0afj%C3%B6ll" title="Niðafjöll">Nithafjoll</a>;</dd> <dd>The bodies of men</dd> <dd>on his wings he bears,</dd> <dd>The serpent bright:</dd> <dd>but now must I sink.</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd>There comes the shadowy</dd> <dd>dragon flying,</dd> <dd>glittering serpent, up</dd> <dd>from Dark of the Moon Hills.</dd> <dd>He carries in his pinions</dd> <dd>—he flies over the field—</dd> <dd>Malice Striker, corpses.</dd> <dd>Now will she sink.</dd></dl> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The context and meaning of this stanza are disputed. The most prevalent opinion is that the arrival of Níðhǫggr heralds <a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a> and thus that the poem ends on a tone of ominous warning. It could be, however, as the prevalent themes of Norse mythology are those of change and renewal, that this could be a 'redemption' of the serpent, 'shedding' the corpses and beginning life anew, much like a macabre Phoenix, or perhaps, lifting the bodies of the righteous rulers mentioned two stanzas before (the stanza immediately before is considered spurious by translator Henry Adam Bellows), so that they can dwell in Gimle, and then either Níðhǫggr sinks, or the völva sinks, depending on the translation, and the poem ends. </p><p>Níðhǫggr is not mentioned elsewhere in any ancient source. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-name-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While the suffix of the name, <i>-höggr</i>, clearly means "striker" the prefix is not as clear. In particular, the length of the first vowel is not determined in the original sources. Some scholars prefer the reading <b>Niðhöggr</b> (<i>Striker in the Dark</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gylfaginning</i> XVI, Brodeur's translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes translation, p.137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes translation, p.159</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989). <i>Íslensk orðsifjabók</i>. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams_Bellows_(businessman)" title="Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)">Bellows, Henry Adams</a> (trans.) (1923) <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/The_American-Scandinavian_Foundation" title="The American-Scandinavian Foundation">The American-Scandinavian Foundation</a>. Available online in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voluspa.org/poeticedda.htm">www.voluspa (org)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gilchrist_Brodeur" title="Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur">Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist</a> (trans.) (1916). <i>The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson</i>. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_T1cAAAAMAAJ">Google Books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Dronke" title="Ursula Dronke">Dronke, Ursula</a> (1997). <i>The Poetic Edda : Volume II : Mythological Poems</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. In particular p. 18 and pp. 124–25.</li> <li>Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.). <i>Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita</i>. 2005. Available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611212105/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/gg/">online</a>.</li> <li>Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.). <i>Völuspá</i>. Available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413124631/http://www3.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/vsp3.html">online</a>.</li> <li>Faulkes, Anthony (transl. and ed.) (1987). <i>Edda</i> (Snorri Sturluson). <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3">0-460-87616-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnur_J%C3%B3nsson" title="Finnur Jónsson">Finnur Jónsson</a> (1913). <i>Goðafræði Norðmanna og Íslendinga eftir heimildum</i>. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska bókmentafjelag.</li> <li>Finnur Jónsson (1931). <i>Lexicon Poeticum</i>. København: S. L. Møllers Bogtrykkeri.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">Lindow, John</a> (2001). <i>Handbook of Norse mythology</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-217-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-217-7">1-57607-217-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Thorpe, Benjamin</a> (tr.) (1866). <i>Edda Sæmundar Hinns Froða: The Edda Of Sæmund The Learned</i>. (2 vols.) London: Trübner & Co. Available online in the <a href="/wiki/Norroena_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Norroena Society">Norroena Society</a> edition at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&dq=Benjamin+Thorpe,+Edda&pg=PP1">Google Books</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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and eagle</a> (top)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norns_(1832)_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens,_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg/110px-Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg/165px-Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg/220px-Norns_%281832%29_from_Die_Helden_und_G%C3%B6tter_des_Nordens%2C_oder_Das_Buch_der_sagen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="728" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6dbbe;width:1%">Roots reaching to</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a> and mankind</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%B0arbrunnr" title="Urðarbrunnr">Urðarbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norns" title="Norns">Norns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Niflheim" title="Niflheim">Niflheim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hvergelmir" title="Hvergelmir">Hvergelmir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Níðhöggr</a> and numerous serpents</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6dbbe;width:1%">Frost <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">Jötnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmisbrunnr" title="Mímisbrunnr">Mímisbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d6dbbe;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Worlds" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Worlds">Nine Worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">Norse cosmology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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