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complex</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: traffic complex"> <meta name="keywords" content="traffic complex"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="traffic complex"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6335</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: traffic complex</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6215</span> An Intelligent Transportation System for Safety and Integrated Management of Railway Crossings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Magrini">M. Magrini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Moroni"> D. Moroni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Palazzese"> G. Palazzese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Pieri"> G. Pieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Azzarelli"> D. Azzarelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Spada"> A. Spada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Fanucci"> L. Fanucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Salvetti"> O. Salvetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Railway crossings are complex entities whose optimal management cannot be addressed unless with the help of an intelligent transportation system integrating information both on train and vehicular flows. In this paper, we propose an integrated system named SIMPLE (Railway Safety and Infrastructure for Mobility applied at level crossings) that, while providing unparalleled safety in railway level crossings, collects data on rail and road traffic and provides value-added services to citizens and commuters. Such services include for example alerts, via variable message signs to drivers and suggestions for alternative routes, towards a more sustainable, eco-friendly and efficient urban mobility. To achieve these goals, SIMPLE is organized as a System of Systems (SoS), with a modular architecture whose components range from specially-designed radar sensors for obstacle detection to smart ETSI M2M-compliant camera networks for urban traffic monitoring. Computational unit for performing forecast according to adaptive models of train and vehicular traffic are also included. The proposed system has been tested and validated during an extensive trial held in the mid-sized Italian town of Montecatini, a paradigmatic case where the rail network is inextricably linked with the fabric of the city. Results of the tests are reported and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intelligent%20Transportation%20Systems%20%28ITS%29" title="Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)">Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway" title=" railway"> railway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railroad%20crossing" title=" railroad crossing"> railroad crossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20camera%20networks" title=" smart camera networks"> smart camera networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20obstacle%20detection" title=" radar obstacle detection"> radar obstacle detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20traffic%20optimization" title=" real-time traffic optimization"> real-time traffic optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETSI%20M2M" title=" ETSI M2M"> ETSI M2M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20safety" title=" transport safety "> transport safety </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25567/an-intelligent-transportation-system-for-safety-and-integrated-management-of-railway-crossings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6214</span> Road Transition Design on Freeway Tunnel Entrance and Exit Based on Traffic Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Bai">Han Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Zhang"> Tong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemei%20Yu"> Lemei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doudou%20Xie"> Doudou Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao"> Liang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road transition design on freeway tunnel entrance and exit is one vital factor in realizing smooth transition and improving traveling safety for vehicles. The goal of this research is to develop a horizontal road transition design tool that considers the transition technology of traffic capacity consistency to explore its accommodation mechanism. The influencing factors of capacity are synthesized and a modified capacity calculation model focusing on the influence of road width and lateral clearance is developed based on the VISSIM simulation to calculate the width of road transition sections. To keep the traffic capacity consistency, the right side of the transition section of the tunnel entrance and exit is divided into three parts: front arc, an intermediate transition section, and end arc; an optimization design on each transition part is conducted to improve the capacity stability and horizontal alignment transition. A case study on the Panlong Tunnel in Ji-Qing freeway illustrates the application of the tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20safety" title="traffic safety">traffic safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transition" title=" road transition"> road transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeway%20tunnel" title=" freeway tunnel"> freeway tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20capacity" title=" traffic capacity"> traffic capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88916/road-transition-design-on-freeway-tunnel-entrance-and-exit-based-on-traffic-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6213</span> Spatial Analysis of Park and Ride Users’ Dynamic Accessibility to Train Station: A Case Study in Perth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting%20%28Grace%29%20Lin">Ting (Grace) Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhong%20%28Cecilia%29%20Xia"> Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todd%20Robinson"> Todd Robinson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accessibility analysis, examining people’s ability to access facilities and destinations, is a fundamental assessment for transport planning, policy making, and social exclusion research. Dynamic accessibility which measures accessibility in real-time traffic environment has been an advanced accessibility indicator in transport research. It is also a useful indicator to help travelers to understand travel time daily variability, assists traffic engineers to monitor traffic congestions, and finally develop effective strategies in order to mitigate traffic congestions. This research involved real-time traffic information by collecting travel time data with 15-minute interval via the TomTom<sup>®</sup> API. A framework for measuring dynamic accessibility was then developed based on the gravity theory and accessibility dichotomy theory through space and time interpolation. Finally, the dynamic accessibility can be derived at any given time and location under dynamic accessibility spatial analysis framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20accessibility" title="dynamic accessibility">dynamic accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20spot" title=" hot spot"> hot spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20research" title=" transport research"> transport research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TomTom%C2%AE%20API" title=" TomTom® API"> TomTom® API</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66401/spatial-analysis-of-park-and-ride-users-dynamic-accessibility-to-train-station-a-case-study-in-perth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6212</span> Coordination of Traffic Signals on Arterial Streets in Duhok City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilshad%20Ali%20Mohammed">Dilshad Ali Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Nayef%20Shamsulddin%20Aldoski"> Ziyad Nayef Shamsulddin Aldoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Millet%20Salim%20Mohammed"> Millet Salim Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in levels of traffic congestion along urban signalized arterials needs efficient traffic management. The application of traffic signal coordination can improve the traffic operation and safety for a series of signalized intersection along the arterials. The objective of this study is to evaluate the benefits achievable through actuated traffic signal coordination and make a comparison in control delay against the same signalized intersection in case of being isolated. To accomplish this purpose, a series of eight signalized intersections located on two major arterials in Duhok City was chosen for conducting the study. Traffic data (traffic volumes, link and approach speeds, and passenger car equivalent) were collected at peak hours. Various methods had been used for collecting data such as video recording technique, moving vehicle method and manual methods. Geometric and signalization data were also collected for the purpose of the study. The coupling index had been calculated to check the coordination attainability, and then time space diagrams were constructed representing one-way coordination for the intersections on Barzani and Zakho Streets, and others represented two-way coordination for the intersections on Zakho Street with accepted progression bandwidth efficiency. The results of this study show great progression bandwidth of 54 seconds for east direction coordination and 17 seconds for west direction coordination on Barzani Street under suggested controlled speed of 60 kph agreeable with the present data. For Zakho Street, the progression bandwidth is 19 seconds for east direction coordination and 18 seconds for west direction coordination under suggested controlled speed of 40 kph. The results show that traffic signal coordination had led to high reduction in intersection control delays on both arterials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title="bandwidth">bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination"> coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signals" title=" signals"> signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streets" title=" streets"> streets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78894/coordination-of-traffic-signals-on-arterial-streets-in-duhok-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6211</span> Implementation and Demonstration of Software-Defined Traffic Grooming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Guo">Lei Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Zhang"> Xu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weigang%20Hou"> Weigang Hou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the traditional network is closed and it has no architecture to create applications, it has been unable to evolve with changing demands under the rapid innovation in services. Additionally, due to the lack of the whole network profile, the quality of service cannot be well guaranteed in the traditional network. The Software Defined Network (SDN) utilizes global resources to support on-demand applications/services via open, standardized and programmable interfaces. In this paper, we implement the traffic grooming application under a real SDN environment, and the corresponding analysis is made. In our SDN: 1) we use OpenFlow protocol to control the entire network by using software applications running on the network operating system; 2) several virtual switches are combined into the data forwarding plane through Open vSwitch; 3) An OpenFlow controller, NOX, is involved as a logically centralized control plane that dynamically configures the data forwarding plane; 4) The traffic grooming based on SDN is demonstrated through dynamically modifying the idle time of flow entries. The experimental results demonstrate that the SDN-based traffic grooming effectively reduces the end-to-end delay, and the improvement ratio arrives to 99%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOX" title="NOX">NOX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenFlow" title=" OpenFlow"> OpenFlow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Software%20Defined%20Network%20%28SDN%29" title=" Software Defined Network (SDN)"> Software Defined Network (SDN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20grooming" title=" traffic grooming"> traffic grooming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46050/implementation-and-demonstration-of-software-defined-traffic-grooming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6210</span> Machine Learning Techniques to Develop Traffic Accident Frequency Prediction Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20Aguiar">Rodrigo Aguiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelino%20Ferreira"> Adelino Ferreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of unnatural death and injuries worldwide, representing a significant problem of road safety. In this context, the use of artificial intelligence with advanced machine learning techniques has gained prominence as a promising approach to predict traffic accidents. This article investigates the application of machine learning algorithms to develop traffic accident frequency prediction models. Models are evaluated based on performance metrics, making it possible to do a comparative analysis with traditional prediction approaches. The results suggest that machine learning can provide a powerful tool for accident prediction, which will contribute to making more informed decisions regarding road safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20of%20accidents" title=" frequency of accidents"> frequency of accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178875/machine-learning-techniques-to-develop-traffic-accident-frequency-prediction-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6209</span> Development Contradictions and Planning Methods of Bicycles in Mountainous Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuhan%20Zhang">Chuhan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a typical mountainous city in the world, with the rise of shared transportation, cycling behavior in Chongqing is undergoing a role change from a traditional leisure activity to an important transportation mode. However, with the rapid increase in people's cycling demand, the built environment with mountainous features in Chongqing has become a key constraint hindering the further development of bicycle traffic. Based on the above background, the research summarizes the current development contradictions of bicycle traffic in Chongqing, analyses the global experience in the construction of bicycle-friendly cities with mountain characteristics, and combines the characteristics of bicycle traffic in Chongqing to further propose the planning method of the bicycle in mountain cities, to improve the bikability of Chongqing from the perspective of urban planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle%20traffic" title="bicycle traffic">bicycle traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20city" title=" mountainous city"> mountainous city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle-friendly" title=" bicycle-friendly"> bicycle-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bikability" title=" bikability"> bikability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongqing" title=" Chongqing"> Chongqing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167650/development-contradictions-and-planning-methods-of-bicycles-in-mountainous-cities-a-case-study-of-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6208</span> Effect of a Traffic Psychology Workshop on Enhancing Positive Attitudes towards Road Safety Awareness among Youths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ah%20Gang%20Getrude">C. Ah Gang Getrude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal%20Hashmi%20Shazia"> Iqbal Hashmi Shazia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nawi%20Nurul%20Hudani"> Mohd Nawi Nurul Hudani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the effectiveness of a Traffic Psychology Workshop in enhancing positive attitudes towards road safety awareness among youths. We predicted that youths’ attitudes towards road safety would be more positive after they participated in the one-day workshop. We examined their attitudes towards road safety awareness before and after they attended a one-day workshop. There were 21 participants who completed the pre and post-studies (9 males & 12 females, mean age 22.86, SD=2.03). A Wilcoxon signed-ranks test showed that the mean for post-test ranks for students’ attitudes towards road safety awareness was higher than the mean pre-test ranks, z =-3.16, p = .00. The study showed that the Traffic Psychology Module which focuses on the three elements: i) personality & emotion; Sensation, perception and visual; and mental workload could have positive effects on youths’ attitudes towards road safety awareness. We believe that the Traffic Psychology Module could be used as a guide by relevant authorities, such as the Sabah Road Safety Department, in implementing road safety awareness workshops and programs for the public, particularly road-users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20psychology" title=" traffic psychology"> traffic psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71967/effect-of-a-traffic-psychology-workshop-on-enhancing-positive-attitudes-towards-road-safety-awareness-among-youths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6207</span> Quantitative Analysis Of Traffic Dynamics And Violation Patterns Triggered By Cruise Ship Tourism In Victoria, British Columbia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Qasim">Muhammad Qasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Minet"> Laura Minet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Victoria (BC), Canada, is a major cruise ship destination, attracting over 600,000 tourists annually. Residents of the James Bay neighborhood, home to the Ogden Point cruise terminal, have expressed concerns about the impacts of cruise ship activity on local traffic, air pollution, and safety compliance. This study evaluates the effects of cruise ship-induced traffic in James Bay, focusing on traffic flow intensification, density surges, changes in traffic mix, and speeding violations. To achieve these objectives, traffic data was collected in James Bay during two key periods: May, before the peak cruise season, and August, during full cruise operations. Three Miovision cameras captured the vehicular traffic mix at strategic entry points, while nine traffic counters monitored traffic distribution and speeding violations across the network. Traffic data indicated an average volume of 308 vehicles per hour during peak cruise times in May, compared to 116 vehicles per hour when no ships were in port. Preliminary analyses revealed a significant intensification of traffic flow during cruise ship "hoteling hours," with a volume increase of approximately 10% per cruise ship arrival. A notable 86% surge in taxi presence was observed on days with three cruise ships in port, indicating a substantial shift in traffic composition, particularly near the cruise terminal. The number of tourist buses escalated from zero in May to 32 in August, significantly altering traffic dynamics within the neighborhood. The period between 8 pm and 11 pm saw the most significant increases in traffic volume, especially when three ships were docked. Higher vehicle volumes were associated with a rise in speed violations, although this pattern was inconsistent across all areas. Speeding violations were more frequent on roads with lower traffic density, while roads with higher traffic density experienced fewer violations, due to reduced opportunities for speeding in congested conditions. PTV VISUM software was utilized for fuzzy distribution analysis and to visualize traffic distribution across the study area, including an assessment of the Level of Service on major roads during periods before and during the cruise ship season. This analysis identified the areas most affected by cruise ship-induced traffic, providing a detailed understanding of the impact on specific parts of the transportation network. These findings underscore the significant influence of cruise ship activity on traffic dynamics in Victoria, BC, particularly during peak periods when multiple ships are in port. The study highlights the need for targeted traffic management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of increased traffic flow, changes in traffic mix, and speed violations, thereby enhancing road safety in the James Bay neighborhood. Further research will focus on detailed emissions estimation to fully understand the environmental impacts of cruise ship activity in Victoria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cruise%20ship%20tourism" title="cruise ship tourism">cruise ship tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title=" air quality"> air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20violations" title=" traffic violations"> traffic violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20dynamics" title=" transport dynamics"> transport dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190464/quantitative-analysis-of-traffic-dynamics-and-violation-patterns-triggered-by-cruise-ship-tourism-in-victoria-british-columbia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6206</span> Second-Order Complex Systems: Case Studies of Autonomy and Free Will</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Sanchis">Eric Sanchis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although there does not exist a definitive consensus on a precise definition of a complex system, it is generally considered that a system is complex by nature. The presented work illustrates a different point of view: a system becomes complex only with regard to the question posed to it, i.e., with regard to the problem which has to be solved. A complex system is a couple (question, object). Because the number of questions posed to a given object can be potentially substantial, complexity does not present a uniform face. Two types of complex systems are clearly identified: first-order complex systems and second-order complex systems. First-order complex systems physically exist. They are well-known because they have been studied by the scientific community for a long time. In second-order complex systems, complexity results from the system composition and its articulation that are partially unknown. For some of these systems, there is no evidence of their existence. Vagueness is the keyword characterizing this kind of systems. Autonomy and free will, two mental productions of the human cognitive system, can be identified as second-order complex systems. A classification based on the properties structure makes it possible to discriminate complex properties from the others and to model this kind of second order complex systems. The final outcome is an implementable synthetic property that distinguishes the solid aspects of the actual property from those that are uncertain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20will" title=" free will"> free will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20property" title=" synthetic property"> synthetic property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaporous%20complex%20systems" title=" vaporous complex systems"> vaporous complex systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88132/second-order-complex-systems-case-studies-of-autonomy-and-free-will" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6205</span> Factor Study Affecting Visual Awareness on Dynamic Object Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Liang%20Khin%20Teo">Terry Liang Khin Teo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Woh%20Lye"> Sun Woh Lye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Lun%20Brendon%20Goh"> Kai Lun Brendon Goh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As applied to dynamic monitoring situations, the prevailing approach to situation awareness (SA) assumes that the relevant areas of interest (AOI) be perceived before that information can be processed further to affect decision-making and, thereafter, action. It is not entirely clear whether this is the case. This study seeks to investigate the monitoring of dynamic objects through matching eye fixations with the relevant AOIs in boundary-crossing scenarios. By this definition, a match is where a fixation is registered on the AOI. While many factors may affect monitoring characteristics, traffic simulations were designed in this study to explore two factors, namely: the number of inbounds/outbound traffic transfers and the number of entry and/or exit points in a radar monitoring sector. These two factors were graded into five levels of difficulty ranging from low to high traffic flow numbers. Combined permutation in terms of levels of difficulty of these two factors yielded a total of thirty scenarios. Through this, results showed that changes in the traffic flow numbers on transfer resulted in greater variations having match limits ranging from 29%-100%, as compared to the number of sector entry/exit points of range limit from 80%-100%. The subsequent analysis is able to determine the type and combination of traffic scenarios where imperfect matching is likely to occur. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20traffic%20simulation" title="air traffic simulation">air traffic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title=" eye-tracking"> eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20monitoring" title=" visual monitoring"> visual monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20attention" title=" focus attention"> focus attention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155140/factor-study-affecting-visual-awareness-on-dynamic-object-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6204</span> Long-Term Modal Changes in International Traffic - Modelling Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Komornicki">Tomasz Komornicki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary aim of the presentation is to try to model border traffic and, at the same time to explain on which economic variables the intensity of border traffic depended in the long term. For this purpose, long series of traffic data on the Polish borders were used. Models were estimated for three variants of explanatory variables: a) for total arrivals and departures (total movement of Poles and foreigners), b) for arrivals and departures of Poles, and c) for arrivals and departures of foreigners. Each of the defined explanatory variables in the models appeared as the logarithm of the natural number of persons. Data from 1994-2017 were used for modeling (for internal Schengen borders for the years 1994-2007). Information on the number of people arriving in and leaving Poland was collected for a total of 303 border crossings. On the basis of the analyses carried out, it was found that one of the main factors determining border traffic is generally differences in the level of economic development (GDP) and the condition of the economy (level of unemployment) and the degree of border permeability. Also statistically significant for border traffic are differences in the prices of goods (fuels, tobacco, and alcohol products) and services (mainly basic ones, e.g., hairdressing services). Such a relationship exists mainly on the eastern border (border traffic determined largely by differences in the prices of goods) and on the border with Germany (in the first analysed period, border traffic was determined mainly by the prices of goods, later - after Poland's accession to the EU and the Schengen area - also by the prices of services). The models also confirmed differences in the set of factors shaping the volume and structure of border traffic on the Polish borders resulting from general geopolitical conditions, with the year 2007 being an important caesura, after which the classical population mobility factors became visible. The results obtained were additionally related to changes in traffic that occurred as a result of the CPOVID-19 pandemic and as a result of the Russian aggression against Ukraine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border" title="border">border</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20structure" title=" modal structure"> modal structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ukraine" title=" Ukraine"> Ukraine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162583/long-term-modal-changes-in-international-traffic-modelling-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6203</span> Highway Capacity and Level of Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kidist%20Mesfin%20Nguse">Kidist Mesfin Nguse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethiopia is the second most densely populated nation in Africa, and about 121 million people as the 2022 Ethiopia population live report recorded. In recent years, the Ethiopian government (GOE) has been gradually growing its road network. With 138,127 kilometers (85,825 miles) of all-weather roads as of the end of 2018–19, Ethiopia possessed just 39% of the nation's necessary road network and lacked a well-organized system. The Ethiopian urban population report recorded that about 21% of the population lives in urban areas, and the high population, coupled with growth in various infrastructures, has led to the migration of the workforce from rural areas to cities across the country. In main roads, the heterogeneous traffic flow with various operational features makes it more unfavorable, causing frequent congestion in the stretch of road. The Level of Service (LOS), a qualitative measure of traffic, is categorized based on the operating conditions in the traffic stream. Determining the capacity and LOS for this city is very crucial as this affects the planning and design of traffic systems and their operation, and the allocation of route selection for infrastructure building projects to provide for a considerably good level of service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title="capacity">capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20volume" title=" traffic volume"> traffic volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20flow%20speed" title=" free flow speed"> free flow speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182368/highway-capacity-and-level-of-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6202</span> The Traffic Congestion in Biskra in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selatnia%20Khaled%20Grine%20Ikram">Selatnia Khaled Grine Ikram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The city of Biskra, like other Algerian cities, knows of urban traffic congestion. The concentration of investments especially in the secondary and tertiary sectors in the Wilaya has attracted a large rural population. The latter, combined with the high rate of natural growing, favored the imbalance of the spatial frame of wilayal system and consequently the traffic congestion of the primate city (Biskra). This urban disease is explained by a two-tier development. The capital of Wilaya growing faster than its others centers body and takes measurements of proportion to the whole. The consequences can only be negative. The pressure on the roads, the growth of the fleet, overloading of equipment and activities have become the characteristics of the city of Biskra, which can no longer meet the needs of its inhabitants. This research attempts to show the relationship between urban congestion of the primate city and the imbalance of the spatial structure of the micro-regional urban system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20structure" title=" spatial structure"> spatial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20on%20the%20roads" title=" pressure on the roads"> pressure on the roads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipment%20and%20activities" title=" equipment and activities"> equipment and activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23663/the-traffic-congestion-in-biskra-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6201</span> The Effect of Traffic Load on the Maximum Response of a Cable-Stayed Bridge under Blast Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Hashemi">S. K. Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Bradford"> M. A. Bradford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Valipour"> H. R. Valipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Recent collapse of bridges has raised the awareness about safety and robustness of bridges subjected to extreme loading scenarios such as intentional/unintentional blast loads. The air blast generated by the explosion of bombs or fuel tankers leads to high-magnitude short-duration loading scenarios that can cause severe structural damage and loss of critical structural members. Hence, more attentions need to put towards bridge structures to develop guidelines to increase the resistance of such structures against the probable blast. Recent advancements in numerical methods have brought about the viable and cost effective facilities to simulate complicated blast scenarios and subsequently provide useful reference for safeguarding design of critical infrastructures. In the previous studies common bridge responses to blast load, the traffic load is sometimes not included in the analysis. Including traffic load will increase the axial compression in bridge piers especially when the axial load is relatively small. Traffic load also can reduce the uplift of girders and deck when the bridge experiences under deck explosion. For more complicated structures like cable-stayed or suspension bridges, however, the effect of traffic loads can be completely different. The tension in the cables increase and progressive collapse is likely to happen while traffic loads exist. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to simulate the effect of traffic load cases on the maximum local and global response of an entire cable-stayed bridge subjected to blast loadings using LS-DYNA explicit finite element code. The blast loads ranged from small to large explosion placed at different positions above the deck. Furthermore, the variation of the traffic load factor in the load combination and its effect on the dynamic response of the bridge under blast load is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast" title="blast">blast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-stayed%20bridge" title=" cable-stayed bridge"> cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title=" LS-DYNA"> LS-DYNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20load" title=" traffic load"> traffic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32906/the-effect-of-traffic-load-on-the-maximum-response-of-a-cable-stayed-bridge-under-blast-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6200</span> Autopsy-Based Study of Abdominal Traffic Trauma Death after Emergency Room Arrival</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Furukawa">Satoshi Furukawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satomu%20Morita"> Satomu Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuji%20Nishi"> Katsuji Nishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahito%20Hitosugi"> Masahito Hitosugi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We experience the autopsy cases that the deceased was alive in emergency room on arrival. Bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death after injury. This retrospective study aimed to characterize opportunities for performance improvement identified in patients who died from traffic trauma and were considered by the quality improvement of education system. The Japan Advanced Trauma Evaluation and Care (JATEC) education program was introduced in 2002. We focused the abdominal traffic trauma injury. An autopsy-based cross-sectional study conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the study sample of 41 post-mortems of road traffic accident between April 1999 and March 2014 subjected to medico-legal autopsy at the department of Forensic Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science. 16 patients (39.0%) were abdominal trauma injury. The mean period of survival after meet with accident was 13.5 hours, compared abdominal trauma death was 27.4 hours longer. In road traffic accidents, the most injured abdominal organs were liver followed by mesentery. We thought delayed treatment was associated with immediate diagnostic imaging, and so expected to expand trauma management examination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdominal%20traffic%20trauma" title="abdominal traffic trauma">abdominal traffic trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventable%20death" title=" preventable death"> preventable death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy" title=" autopsy"> autopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20medicine" title=" emergency medicine"> emergency medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14459/autopsy-based-study-of-abdominal-traffic-trauma-death-after-emergency-room-arrival" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6199</span> Nature of Traffic Robbery Victimisation Experience 2015-2023</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idenyi%20Goshen%20Peter">Idenyi Goshen Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oludayo%20Tade"> Oludayo Tade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic robbery is a prevalent issue in Lagos State, impacting commuters and transport workers, necessitating an examination of victimization experiences and offender-victim dynamics. The research aim is to investigate the nature of traffic robbery victimization experiences, strategies employed by offenders, and the extent of the crime as reported in newspapers. Utilizing content analysis, the study examines 167 traffic robbery cases from 2015 to 2023 reported in five newspapers using the routine activity theory to understand the dynamics between offenders and victims. The research discusses the victimization experience and convergence of the offenders and victims, it documents the extent of the crime as captured by various newspapers (Vanguard, Punch. Tribune, Sun and Guardian ), and it also interrogates the strategies, methods deployed by traffic robbers. The study addresses the nature, strategies, and extent of traffic robbery victimization experiences, shedding light on the dynamics of the crime over an eight-year period. The paper implored secondary research from newspaper publications, and also content analysis for the research. Routine activity theory was used to explain the phenomenon that exists between the offender and the victim. Consequently, the common method used by offenders is dispossessing victims of their valuables, leading to fear-driven victim experiences, with spikes in incidents observed in June and December, particularly in Vanguard and Punch publications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20robbery" title="traffic robbery">traffic robbery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victimisation%20experience" title=" victimisation experience"> victimisation experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offender" title=" offender"> offender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routine%20activity" title=" routine activity"> routine activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192641/nature-of-traffic-robbery-victimisation-experience-2015-2023" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6198</span> Applying Pre-Accident Observational Methods for Accident Assessment and Prediction at Intersections in Norrkoping City in Sweden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazwan%20Al-Haji">Ghazwan Al-Haji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi%20Adedokun"> Adeyemi Adedokun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic safety at intersections is highly represented, given the fact that accidents occur randomly in time and space. It is necessary to judge whether the intersection is dangerous or not based on short-term observations, and not waiting for many years of assessing historical accident data. There are active and pro-active road infrastructure safety methods for assessing safety at intersections. This study aims to investigate the use of quantitative and qualitative pre-observational methods as the best practice for accident prediction, future black spot identification, and treatment. Historical accident data from STRADA (the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) was used within Norrkoping city in Sweden. The ADT (Average Daily Traffic), capacity and speed were used to predict accident rates. Locations with the highest accident records and predicted accident counts were identified and hence audited qualitatively by using Street Audit. The results from these quantitative and qualitative methods were analyzed, validated and compared. The paper provides recommendations on the used methods as well as on how to reduce the accident occurrence at the chosen intersections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersections" title="intersections">intersections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20conflict" title=" traffic conflict"> traffic conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20safety" title=" traffic safety"> traffic safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20audit" title=" street audit"> street audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidents%20predictions" title=" accidents predictions"> accidents predictions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75125/applying-pre-accident-observational-methods-for-accident-assessment-and-prediction-at-intersections-in-norrkoping-city-in-sweden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6197</span> Sustainable Traffic Flow: The Case Study of Un-Signalized Pedestrian Crossing at Stationary Bottleneck and Its Impact on Traffic Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Badshah">Imran Badshah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper study the impact of Un-signalized pedestrian on traffic flow at Stationary Bottleneck. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) analyze the methodology of level of service for Urban street segment but it does not include the impact of un-signalized pedestrian crossing at stationary bottleneck. The un-signalized pedestrian crossing in urban road segment causes conflict between vehicles and pedestrians. As a result, the average time taken by vehicle to travel along a road segment increased. The speed of vehicle and the level of service decreases as the running time of a segment increased. To analyze the delay, we need to determine the pedestrian speed while crossing the road at a stationary bottleneck. The objective of this research is to determine the speed of pedestrian and its impact on traffic flow at stationary bottleneck. In addition, the result of this study should be incorporated in the Urban Street Analysis Chapter of HCM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20bottleneck" title="stationary bottleneck">stationary bottleneck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow"> traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20speed" title=" pedestrian speed"> pedestrian speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCM" title=" HCM"> HCM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159043/sustainable-traffic-flow-the-case-study-of-un-signalized-pedestrian-crossing-at-stationary-bottleneck-and-its-impact-on-traffic-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6196</span> Empirical Investigations on Speed Differentiations of Traffic Flow: A Case Study on a Basic Freeway Segment of O-2 in Istanbul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Rashid%20Sarand">Hamed Rashid Sarand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Sel%C3%A7uk%20%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt"> Kemal Selçuk Öğüt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speed is one of the fundamental variables of road traffic flow that stands as an important evaluation criterion for traffic analyses in several aspects. In particular, varieties of speed variable, such as average speed, free flow speed, optimum speed (capacity speed), acceleration/deceleration speed and so on, have been explicitly considered in the analysis of not only road safety but also road capacity. In the purpose of realizing 'road speed – maximum speed difference across lanes' and 'road flow rate – maximum speed difference across lanes' relations on freeway traffic, this study presents a case study conducted on a basic freeway segment of O-2 in Istanbul. The traffic data employed in this study have been obtained from 5 remote traffic microwave sensors operated by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study stretch is located between two successive freeway interchanges: Ümraniye and Kavacık. Daily traffic data of 4 years (2011-2014) summer months, July and August are used. The speed data are analyzed into two main flow areas such as uncongested and congested flows. In this study, the regression analyses were carried out in order to examine the relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road speed. These investigations were implemented at uncongested and congested flows, separately. Moreover, the relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road flow rate were evaluated by applying regression analyses for both uncongested and congested flows separately. It is concluded that there is the moderate relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road speed in 50% cases. Additionally, it is indicated that there is the moderate relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road flow rate in 30% cases. The maximum speed difference across lanes decreases as the road flow rate increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20speed%20difference" title="maximum speed difference">maximum speed difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20traffic%20microwave%20sensor" title=" remote traffic microwave sensor"> remote traffic microwave sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20differentiation" title=" speed differentiation"> speed differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow "> traffic flow </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36794/empirical-investigations-on-speed-differentiations-of-traffic-flow-a-case-study-on-a-basic-freeway-segment-of-o-2-in-istanbul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6195</span> The Effects of Key Factors in Traffic-Oriented Road Alignment Adjustment for Low Emissions Profile: A Case Study in Norway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaylord%20K.%20Booto">Gaylord K. Booto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marinelli%20Giuseppe"> Marinelli Giuseppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helge%20Bratteb%C3%B8"> Helge Brattebø</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rolf%20A.%20Bohne"> Rolf A. Bohne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emissions reduction has emerged among the principal targets in the process of planning and designing road alignments today. Intelligent road design methods that can result in optimized alignment constitute concrete and innovative responses towards better alternatives and more sustainable road infrastructures. As the largest amount of emissions of road infrastructures occur in the operation stage, it becomes very important to consider traffic weight and distribution in alignment design process. This study analyzes the effects of four traffic factors (i.e. operating speed, vehicle category, technology and fuel type) on adjusting the vertical alignment of a given road, using optimization techniques. Further, factors’ effects are assessed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the emission profiles of resulting alignment alternatives are compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment%20adjustment" title="alignment adjustment">alignment adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions%20reduction" title=" emissions reduction"> emissions reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic-oriented" title=" traffic-oriented"> traffic-oriented</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83051/the-effects-of-key-factors-in-traffic-oriented-road-alignment-adjustment-for-low-emissions-profile-a-case-study-in-norway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6194</span> Assessment and Evaluation of Traffic Noise in Selected Government Healthcare Facilities at Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State-Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naziru%20Yahaya">Muhammad Naziru Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buhari%20Samaila"> Buhari Samaila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiru%20Abubakar"> Nasiru Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noise pollution caused by vehicular movement in urban cities has reached alarming proportions due to continuous increases in vehicles and industrialization. Traffic noise causes deafness, annoyance, and other health challenges. According to World Health Organization recommends 60Db daytime sound levels and 40db night time sound levels in hospitals, schools, and other residential areas. Measurements of traffic noise were taken at six different locations of selected healthcare facilities at Birnin Kebbi (Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital and Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi). The data was collected in the vicinity of hospitals using the slow setting of the device and pointed at noise sources. An integrated multifunctional sound level GM1352, KK2821163 model, was used for measuring the emitted noise and temperatures. The data was measured and recorded at three different periods of the day 8 am – 12 pm, 3 pm – 6 pm, and 6 pm – 8:30 pm, respectively. The results show that a fair traffic flow producing an average sound level in the order of 38db – 64db was recorded at GOPDF, amenityF, and ante-natalF. Similarly, high traffic noise was observed at GOPDS, amenityS, and Fati-LamiS in the order of 52db – 78db unsatisfactory threshold for human hearing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amenities" title="amenities">amenities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158499/assessment-and-evaluation-of-traffic-noise-in-selected-government-healthcare-facilities-at-birnin-kebbi-kebbi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6193</span> Evaluating the Influence of Road Markings Retroreflectivity on Road Safety in Low Visibility Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darko%20Babic">Darko Babic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Modric"> Maja Modric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dario%20Babic"> Dario Babic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Fiolic"> Mario Fiolic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For road markings as a part of traffic control plan, it is considered to have a positive impact on road safety. Their importance is particularly evident in low visibility conditions when the field of vision and the driver's visual acuity are significantly reduced. The aim of this article is to analyze how road marking retroreflectivity affects the frequency of traffic accidents in low visibility conditions. For this purpose, 10,417.4 km single carriageway roads were analysed across Croatia in the period from 2012 to 2016. The research included accidents that may be significantly affected by marking retroreflectivity: head-on collisions, running off the road, hitting a stationary object on the road and hitting a stationary roadside object. The results have shown that the retroreflectivity level is negatively correlated to the total number of accidents and the number of casualties and injuries, which ultimately means that the risk of traffic accidents and deaths and/or injuries of participants will be lower with the increase of road markings retroreflectivity. These results may assist in defining minimum values of retroreflectivity that the markings must meet at any time as well as the suitable technologies and materials for their implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retroreflectivity" title="retroreflectivity">retroreflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20markings" title=" road markings"> road markings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20accidents" title=" traffic accidents"> traffic accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20safety" title=" traffic safety"> traffic safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102266/evaluating-the-influence-of-road-markings-retroreflectivity-on-road-safety-in-low-visibility-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6192</span> Development Process and Design Methods for Shared Spaces in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyasu%20Yoshino">Kazuyasu Yoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keita%20Yamaguchi"> Keita Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Nishimura"> Toshihiko Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kawasaki"> Masashi Kawasaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shared Space, the planning and design concept that allows pedestrians and vehicles to coexist in a street space, has been advocated and developed according to the traffic conditions in each country in Europe. Especially in German/French-speaking countries, the "Meeting Zone," which is a traffic rule combining speed regulation (20km/h) and pedestrian priority, is often applied when designing shared spaces at intersections, squares, and streets in the city center. In this study, the process of establishment and development of the Meeting Zone in Switzerland, France, and Austria was chronologically organized based on the descriptions in the major discourse and guidelines in each country. Then, the characteristics of the spatial design were extracted by analyzing representative examples of Meeting Zone applications. Finally, the relationships between the different approaches to designing of Meeting Zone and traffic regulations in different countries were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20space" title="shared space">shared space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20calming" title=" traffic calming"> traffic calming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meeting%20zone" title=" meeting zone"> meeting zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20design" title=" street design"> street design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181/development-process-and-design-methods-for-shared-spaces-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6191</span> Effect of On-Road Vehicular Traffic on Noise Pollution in Bhubaneswar City, Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dudam%20Bharath%20Kumar">Dudam Bharath Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20Kumar"> Harsh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmed"> Naveed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular traffic on the road-side plays a significant role in affecting the noise pollution in most of the cities over the world. To assess the correlation of the road-traffic on noise pollution in the city environment, continuous measurements were carried out in an entire daytime starting from 8:00 AM IST to 6:00 PM IST at a single point for each 5 minutes (8:00-8:05, 9:00-9:05, 10:00-10:05 AM, ...) near the KIIT University campus road. Noise levels were observed using a mobile operated app of android cell phone and a handheld noise meter. Calibration analysis shows high correlation about 0.89 for the study location for the day time period. Results show diurnal variability of atmospheric noise pollution levels go hand-in and with the vehicular number which pass through a point of observation. The range of noise pollution levels in the daytime period is observed as 55 to 75 dB(A). As a day starts, sudden upsurge of noise levels is observed from 65 to 71 dB(A) in the early morning, 64 dB(A) in late morning, regains the same quantity 68-71 dB(A) in the afternoon, and rises 70 dB(A) in the early evening. Vehicular number of the corresponding noise levels exhibits 115-120, 150-160, and 140-160, respectively. However, this preliminary study suggests the importance of vehicular traffic on noise pollution levels in the urban environment and further to study population exposed to noise levels. Innovative approaches help curb the noise pollution through modelling the traffic noise pollution spatially and temporally over the city environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20pollution" title="noise pollution">noise pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20traffic" title=" vehicular traffic"> vehicular traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20meter" title=" noise meter"> noise meter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85094/effect-of-on-road-vehicular-traffic-on-noise-pollution-in-bhubaneswar-city-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6190</span> Dynamic Network Approach to Air Traffic Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catia%20S.%20A.%20Sima">Catia S. A. Sima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Bousson"> K. Bousson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Congestion in the Terminal Maneuvering Areas (TMAs) of larger airports impacts all aspects of air traffic flow, not only at national level but may also induce arrival delays at international level. Hence, there is a need to monitor appropriately the air traffic flow in TMAs so that efficient decisions may be taken to manage their occupancy rates. It would be desirable to physically increase the existing airspace to accommodate all existing demands, but this question is entirely utopian and, given this possibility, several studies and analyses have been developed over the past decades to meet the challenges that have arisen due to the dizzying expansion of the aeronautical industry. The main objective of the present paper is to propose concepts to manage and reduce the degree of uncertainty in the air traffic operations, maximizing the interest of all involved, ensuring a balance between demand and supply, and developing and/or adapting resources that enable a rapid and effective adaptation of measures to the current context and the consequent changes perceived in the aeronautical industry. A central task is to emphasize the increase in air traffic flow management capacity to the present day, taking into account not only a wide range of methodologies but also equipment and/or tools already available in the aeronautical industry. The efficient use of these resources is crucial as the human capacity for work is limited and the actors involved in all processes related to air traffic flow management are increasingly overloaded and, as a result, operational safety could be compromised. The methodology used to answer and/or develop the issues listed above is based on the advantages promoted by the application of Markov Chain principles that enable the construction of a simplified model of a dynamic network that describes the air traffic flow behavior anticipating their changes and eventual measures that could better address the impact of increased demand. Through this model, the proposed concepts are shown to have potentials to optimize the air traffic flow management combined with the operation of the existing resources at each moment and the circumstances found in each TMA, using historical data from the air traffic operations and specificities found in the aeronautical industry, namely in the Portuguese context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20traffic%20flow" title="air traffic flow">air traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminal%20maneuvering%20area" title=" terminal maneuvering area"> terminal maneuvering area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMA" title=" TMA"> TMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20traffic%20management" title=" air traffic management"> air traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATM" title=" ATM"> ATM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20chains" title=" Markov chains"> Markov chains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113066/dynamic-network-approach-to-air-traffic-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6189</span> Artificial Intelligence for Traffic Signal Control and Data Collection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reggie%20Chandra">Reggie Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trafficaccidents and traffic signal optimization are correlated. However, 70-90% of the traffic signals across the USA are not synchronized. The reason behind that is insufficient resources to create and implement timing plans. In this work, we will discuss the use of a breakthrough Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to optimize traffic flow and collect 24/7/365 accurate traffic data using a vehicle detection system. We will discuss what are recent advances in Artificial Intelligence technology, how does AI work in vehicles, pedestrians, and bike data collection, creating timing plans, and what is the best workflow for that. Apart from that, this paper will showcase how Artificial Intelligence makes signal timing affordable. We will introduce a technology that uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and deep learning algorithms to detect, collect data, develop timing plans and deploy them in the field. Convolutional Neural Networks are a class of deep learning networks inspired by the biological processes in the visual cortex. A neural net is modeled after the human brain. It consists of millions of densely connected processing nodes. It is a form of machine learning where the neural net learns to recognize vehicles through training - which is called Deep Learning. The well-trained algorithm overcomes most of the issues faced by other detection methods and provides nearly 100% traffic data accuracy. Through this continuous learning-based method, we can constantly update traffic patterns, generate an unlimited number of timing plans and thus improve vehicle flow. Convolutional Neural Networks not only outperform other detection algorithms but also, in cases such as classifying objects into fine-grained categories, outperform humans. Safety is of primary importance to traffic professionals, but they don't have the studies or data to support their decisions. Currently, one-third of transportation agencies do not collect pedestrian and bike data. We will discuss how the use of Artificial Intelligence for data collection can help reduce pedestrian fatalities and enhance the safety of all vulnerable road users. Moreover, it provides traffic engineers with tools that allow them to unleash their potential, instead of dealing with constant complaints, a snapshot of limited handpicked data, dealing with multiple systems requiring additional work for adaptation. The methodologies used and proposed in the research contain a camera model identification method based on deep Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed application was evaluated on our data sets acquired through a variety of daily real-world road conditions and compared with the performance of the commonly used methods requiring data collection by counting, evaluating, and adapting it, and running it through well-established algorithms, and then deploying it to the field. This work explores themes such as how technologies powered by Artificial Intelligence can benefit your community and how to translate the complex and often overwhelming benefits into a language accessible to elected officials, community leaders, and the public. Exploring such topics empowers citizens with insider knowledge about the potential of better traffic technology to save lives and improve communities. The synergies that Artificial Intelligence brings to traffic signal control and data collection are unsurpassed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20collection" title=" data collection"> data collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20control" title=" signal control"> signal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20signal" title=" traffic signal"> traffic signal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148906/artificial-intelligence-for-traffic-signal-control-and-data-collection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6188</span> Particulate Pollution and Its Effect on Respiratory Symptoms of Exposed Personnel's in Three Heavy Traffic Cities (Roads), Kathmandu, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujen%20Man%20Shrestha">Sujen Man Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Thapa"> Kanchan Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tista%20Prasai%20Joshi"> Tista Prasai Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The present study was carried out to determine suspended particles and respirable particles of diameter less than 1 micrometers (PM1) on road side and some distance of outside from road; and to compare the respiratory symptoms between traffic police men and shop keepers directly 'exposed' to traffic fumes and office worker stay in 'protected' enclosed environment. Methods: Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data among case and control after getting verbal informed consent among the convenience sample of traffic police, shopkeepers and officials in three different locations in Kathmandu. Secondary data analysis of hospital data of three hospitals of Kathmandu was also performed. The data on air Particulate Matter was taken by Haz Dust. Results: The result showed air quality of road side traffic is unhealthy and there was increasing trends of respiratory illness in hospital outpatient department (OPD). The people who were exposed found to have more risk of developing respiratory diseases symptoms. Conclusions: The study concluded that air pollution level is strong contributing factor for respiratory diseases and further recommended strong, epidemiological studies with larger sample size, less bias, and also measuring other significant physical and chemicals parameters of air pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20traffic%20cities" title="heavy traffic cities">heavy traffic cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20pollution" title=" particulate pollution"> particulate pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20symptoms" title=" respiratory symptoms"> respiratory symptoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072/particulate-pollution-and-its-effect-on-respiratory-symptoms-of-exposed-personnels-in-three-heavy-traffic-cities-roads-kathmandu-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6187</span> Optimization of Traffic Agent Allocation for Minimizing Bus Rapid Transit Cost on Simplified Jakarta Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Patricia%20Manurung">Gloria Patricia Manurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jakarta Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system which was established in 2009 to reduce private vehicle usage and ease the rush hour gridlock throughout the Jakarta Greater area, has failed to achieve its purpose. With gradually increasing the number of private vehicles ownership and reduced road space by the BRT lane construction, private vehicle users intuitively invade the exclusive lane of BRT, creating local traffic along the BRT network. Invaded BRT lanes costs become the same with the road network, making BRT which is supposed to be the main public transportation in the city becoming unreliable. Efforts to guard critical lanes with preventing the invasion by allocating traffic agents at several intersections have been expended, lead to the improving congestion level along the lane. Given a set of number of traffic agents, this study uses an analytical approach to finding the best deployment strategy of traffic agent on a simplified Jakarta road network in minimizing the BRT link cost which is expected to lead to the improvement of BRT system time reliability. User-equilibrium model of traffic assignment is used to reproduce the origin-destination demand flow on the network and the optimum solution conventionally can be obtained with brute force algorithm. This method’s main constraint is that traffic assignment simulation time escalates exponentially with the increase of set of agent’s number and network size. Our proposed metaheuristic and heuristic algorithms perform linear simulation time increase and result in minimized BRT cost approaching to brute force algorithm optimization. Further analysis of the overall network link cost should be performed to see the impact of traffic agent deployment to the network system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20assignment" title="traffic assignment">traffic assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20equilibrium" title=" user equilibrium"> user equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greedy%20algorithm" title=" greedy algorithm"> greedy algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54258/optimization-of-traffic-agent-allocation-for-minimizing-bus-rapid-transit-cost-on-simplified-jakarta-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6186</span> Economic Growth Relations to Domestic and International Air Passenger Transport in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoela%20Cabo%20da%20Silva">Manoela Cabo da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elton%20Fernandes"> Elton Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Pacheco"> Ricardo Pacheco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heloisa%20Pires"> Heloisa Pires</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined cointegration and causal relationships between economic growth and regular domestic and international passenger air transport in Brazil. Total passengers embarked and disembarked were used as a proxy for air transport activity and gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for economic development. The test spanned the period from 2000 to 2015 for domestic passenger traffic and from 1995 to 2015 for international traffic. The results confirm the hypothesis that there is cointegration between passenger traffic series and economic development, showing a bi-directional Granger causal relationship between domestic traffic and economic development and unidirectional influence by economic growth on international passenger air transport demand. Variance decomposition of the series showed that domestic air transport was far more important than international transport to promoting economic development in Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20passenger%20transport" title="air passenger transport">air passenger transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Granger%20causality" title=" Granger causality"> Granger causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92415/economic-growth-relations-to-domestic-and-international-air-passenger-transport-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex&page=4">4</a></li> 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