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Yadav</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ramji Yadav"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ramji Yadav"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ramji Yadav"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 188</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ramji Yadav</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Antimicrobial Action and Its Underlying Mechanism by Methanolic Seed Extract of Syzygium cumini on Bacillus subtilis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Kumar%20Yadav">Alok Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Saraswat"> Saurabh Saraswat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Sirohi"> Preeti Sirohi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjoo%20Rani"> Manjoo Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Srivastava"> Sameer Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Pratap%20Singh"> Manish Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20K.%20Singh"> Nand K. Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is increasing at an alarming rate, and this is considered as one of the most serious threats in the history of medicine, and an alternative solution should be derived so as to tackle this problem. In many countries, people use the medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases as these are cheaper, easily available and least toxic. Syzygium cumini is used for the treatment of various kinds of diseases but their mechanism of action is not reported. The antimicrobial activity of Syzygium cumini was tested by the well diffusion assay and zone of inhibition was reported to be 20.06 mm as compared to control with MIC of 0.3 mg/ml. Genomic DNA fragmentation of Bacillus subtilis revealed apoptosis and FE-SEM indicate cell wall cracking on several intervals of time. Propidium iodide staining results showed that few bacterial cells were stained in the control and population of stained cells increase after exposing them for various period of time. Flow cytometric kinetic data analysis on the membrane permeabilization in bacterial cell showed the significant contribution of antimicrobial potential of the seed extract on antimicrobial-induced permeabilization. Two components of Syzygium cumini methanolic seed extract was found to be quite active against four enzymes like PDB ID- 1W5D, 4OX3, 3MFD and 5E2F which have a very crucial role in membrane synthesis in Bacillus subtilis by in silico analysis. Through in silico analysis, lupeol showed highest binding energy for macromolecule 1W5D and 4OX3 whereas stigmasterol showed the highest binding energy for macromolecule 3MFD and 5E2F respectively. It showed that methanolic seed extract of Syzygium cumini can be used for the inhibition of foodborne infections caused by Bacillus subtilis and also as an alternative of prevalent antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title="antibiotics">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syzygium%20cumini" title=" Syzygium cumini"> Syzygium cumini</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85752/antimicrobial-action-and-its-underlying-mechanism-by-methanolic-seed-extract-of-syzygium-cumini-on-bacillus-subtilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Improving Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Performance through Low Cost Debottlenecking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saidulu%20Gadari">Saidulu Gadari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Manoj Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Satheesh"> V. K. Satheesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debasis%20Bhattacharyya"> Debasis Bhattacharyya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20V.%20Ramakumar"> S. S. V. Ramakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhajit%20Sarkar"> Subhajit Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCUs) are big profit makers and hence, always operated with several constraints. It is the primary source for production of gasoline, light olefins as petrochemical feedstocks, feedstock for alkylate & oxygenates, LPG, etc. in a refinery. Increasing unit capacity and improving product yields as well as qualities such as gasoline RON have dramatic impact on the refinery economics. FCCUs are often debottlenecked significantly beyond their original design capacities. Depending upon the unit configuration, operating conditions, and feedstock quality, the FCC unit can have a variety of bottlenecks. While some of these are aimed to increase the feed rate, improve the conversion, etc., the others are aimed to improve the reliability of the equipment or overall unit. Apart from investment cost, the other factors considered generally while evaluating the debottlenecking options are shutdown days, faster payback, risk on investment, etc. A low-cost solution such as replacement of feed injectors, air distributor, steam distributors, spent catalyst distributor, efficient cyclone system, etc. are the preferred way of upgrading FCCU. It also has lower lead time from idea inception to implementation. This paper discusses various bottlenecks generally encountered in FCCU and presents a case study on improvement of performance of one of the FCCUs in IndianOil through implementation of cost-effective technical solution including use of improved internals in Reactor-Regeneration (R-R) section. After implementation reduction in regenerator air, gas superficial velocity in regenerator and cyclone velocities by about 10% and improvement of CLO yield from 10 to 6 wt% have been achieved. By ensuring proper pressure balance and optimum immersion of cyclone dipleg in the standpipe, frequent formation of perforations in regenerator cyclones could be addressed which in turn improved the unit on-stream factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FCC" title="FCC">FCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost" title=" low-cost"> low-cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revamp" title=" revamp"> revamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debottleneck" title=" debottleneck"> debottleneck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internals" title=" internals"> internals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributors" title=" distributors"> distributors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclone" title=" cyclone"> cyclone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipleg" title=" dipleg"> dipleg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60864/improving-fluid-catalytic-cracking-unit-performance-through-low-cost-debottlenecking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Effect of Different Factors on Temperature Profile and Performance of an Air Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for Rice Husk Gasification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharminder%20Singh">Dharminder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Yadav"> Sanjeev Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravakar%20Mohanty"> Pravakar Mohanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, study of temperature profile in a pilot scale air bubbling fluidized bed (ABFB) gasifier for rice husk gasification was carried out. Effects of different factors such as multiple cyclones, gas cooling system, ventilate gas pipe length, and catalyst on temperature profile was examined. ABFB gasifier used in this study had two sections, one is bed section and the other is freeboard section. River sand was used as bed material with air as gasification agent, and conventional charcoal as start-up heating medium in this gasifier. Temperature of different point in both sections of ABFB gasifier was recorded at different ER value and ER value was changed by changing the feed rate of biomass (rice husk) and by keeping the air flow rate constant for long durational of gasifier operation. ABFB with double cyclone with gas coolant system and with short length ventilate gas pipe was found out to be optimal gasifier design to give temperature profile required for high gasification performance in long duration operation. This optimal design was tested with different ER values and it was found that ER of 0.33 was most favourable for long duration operation (8 hr continuous operation), giving highest carbon conversion efficiency. At optimal ER of 0.33, bed temperature was found to be stable at 700 °C, above bed temperature was found to be at 628.63 °C, bottom of freeboard temperature was found to be at 600 °C, top of freeboard temperature was found to be at 517.5 °C, gas temperature was found to be at 195 °C, and flame temperature was found to be 676 °C. Temperature at all the points showed fluctuations of 10 – 20 °C. Effect of catalyst i.e. dolomite (20% with sand bed) was also examined on temperature profile, and it was found that at optimal ER of 0.33, the bed temperature got increased to 795 °C, above bed temperature got decreased to 523 °C, bottom of freeboard temperature got decreased to 548 °C, top of freeboard got decreased to 475 °C, gas temperature got decreased to 220 °C, and flame temperature got increased to 703 °C. Increase in bed temperature leads to higher flame temperature due to presence of more hydrocarbons generated from more tar cracking at higher temperature. It was also found that the use of dolomite with sand bed eliminated the agglomeration in the reactor at such high bed temperature (795 °C). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20bubbling%20fluidized%20bed%20gasifier" title="air bubbling fluidized bed gasifier">air bubbling fluidized bed gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20temperature" title=" bed temperature"> bed temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal%20heating" title=" charcoal heating"> charcoal heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dolomite" title=" dolomite"> dolomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20temperature" title=" flame temperature"> flame temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61151/effect-of-different-factors-on-temperature-profile-and-performance-of-an-air-bubbling-fluidized-bed-gasifier-for-rice-husk-gasification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Body Composition Analysis of Women during Perimenopause: A Framework for Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20Chorsiya">Varsha Chorsiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Aneja"> Pooja Aneja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhananjay%20Kaushik"> Dhananjay Kaushik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinav%20Yadav"> Abhinav Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intoduction: Women’s Health Initiatives (WHI) focuses on defining the risks and benefits of strategies that could potentially reduce the incidence of obesity, heart disease, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, and fractures in menopause women. The utility of the present research work determines to find the role of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in changing the different component of body composition during perimenopause period. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study included 30 subjects, aged between 40 and 50 years which were assigned into 2 groups i.e. 15 subjects in HRT (Group A) and 15 subjects in non-HRT (Group B). The subjects were taken from the hospitals and clinics of Faridabad undergoing HRT in supervision of the consultant gynecologist. The informed consents were signed before including the participants in the study. The body composition and lipid profile were evaluated for all the subjects. Result and Discussion: The BMI, body density, percent body fats and fat mass in both groups showed statistically significant differences i.e. p < 0.05. Our study did not reveal any statistically significant difference between non-HRT and HRT for lipid profile composition of HDL, LDL, VLDL, ratio, triglycerides and total cholesterol although these indicators (LDL, VLDL, ratio, triglycerides and total cholesterol) showed difference clinically with a higher mean values for non-HRT as compared to HRT group. The mean value for HDL was higher for HRT group in contrast to non-HRT group. The result clearly showed that HRT group has a good lipid profile composition. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data show that HRT has statistically significant role in determining BMI, fat percent mass and fat mass. The lipid profile including LDL, HDL, VLDL, ratio, triglycerides and total cholesterol found to be clinically better in HRT group as compared to the non-HRT group. The rationale for non-significant lipid profile probably lie in the fact that hormonal changes need a particular time period and might become significant in post-menopausal period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title="body composition">body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormone%20replacement%20therapy" title=" hormone replacement therapy"> hormone replacement therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perimenopause" title=" perimenopause"> perimenopause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20health" title=" women health"> women health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54731/impact-of-hormone-replacement-therapy-on-body-composition-analysis-of-women-during-perimenopause-a-framework-for-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Exploring the Prebiotic Potential of Glucosamine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpi%20Malik">Shilpi Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramneek%20Kaur"> Ramneek Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archita%20Gupta"> Archita Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepshikha%20Yadav"> Deepshikha Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwani%20Mathur"> Ashwani Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Singh"> Manisha Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glucosamine (GS) is the most abundant naturally occurring amino monosaccharide and is normally produced in human body via cellular glucose metabolism. It is regarded as the building block of cartilage matrix and is also an essential component of cartilage matrix repair mechanism. Besides that, it can also be explored for its prebiotic potential as many bacterial species are known to utilize the amino sugar by acquiring them to form peptidoglycans and lipopolysaccharides in the bacterial cell wall. Glucosamine can therefore be considered for its fermentation by bacterial species present in the gut. Current study is focused on exploring the potential of glucosamine as prebiotic. The studies were done to optimize considerable concentration of GS to reach GI tract and being fermented by the complex gut microbiota and food grade GS was added to various Simulated Fluids of Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) such as Simulated Saliva, Gastric Fluid (Fast and Fed State), Colonic fluid, etc. to detect its degradation. Since it was showing increase in microbial growth (CFU) with time, GS was Further, encapsulated to increase its residential time in the gut, which exhibited improved resistance to the simulated Gut conditions. Moreover, prepared microspehres were optimized and characterized for their encapsulation efficiency and toxicity. To further substantiate the prebiotic activity of Glucosamine, studies were also performed to determine the effect of Glucosamine on the known probiotic bacterial species, i.e. Lactobacillus delbrueckii (MTCC 911) and Bifidobacteriumbifidum (MTCC 5398). Culture conditions for glucosamine will be added in MRS media in anaerobic tube at 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.60%, 0.80%, and 1.0%, respectively. MRS media without GS was included in this experiment as the control. All samples were autoclaved at 118° C for 15 min. Active culture was added at 5% (v/v) to each anaerobic tube after cooling to room temperature and incubated at 37° C then determined biomass and pH and viable count at incubation 18h. The experiment was completed in triplicate and the results were presented as Mean ± SE (Standard error).The experimental results are conclusive and suggest Glucosamine to hold prebiotic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastro%20intestinal%20tract" title="gastro intestinal tract">gastro intestinal tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microspheres" title=" microspheres"> microspheres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peptidoglycans" title=" peptidoglycans"> peptidoglycans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20fluid" title=" simulated fluid"> simulated fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16913/exploring-the-prebiotic-potential-of-glucosamine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior on Emergency Contraception among Higher Secondary and Bachelor Level Youth Students of Lekhnath Municipality, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokul%20Pathak">Gokul Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Dilip Kumar Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Unsafe/unprotected and early sexual relations are highly responsible for the problems of unwanted pregnancy, child birth and other adverse consequences. Emergency contraception (EC) refers to methods that women can use to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, method failure or incorrect use. Aim and Objective: The objective of this research study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior on emergency contraception among youth students of Lekhnath Municipality. Methodology: This institution based descriptive study was carried out in August-October 2012 on Lekhnath Municipality, Nepal. Multistage simple random sampling procedure with pretested semi structured questionnaire following self administered technique was used to collect information. Collected data was coded and entered in the EpiData 3.1 ® and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 20.0 for analysis. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation was applied wherever required. Results: A total of 641 students (87.6 %), youth students participated in this study which incorporates 354 male and 287 female youth students, of them 54.3% were from Higher Secondary level and 45.7% were from Undergraduate level. The awareness of EC among respondents was found only 64.7%. 25.8% respondents were found to have fair knowledge level where as 74.2% had poor knowledge level. Level of knowledge was significantly associated with age, educational level, faculty and educational status of mother. The study showed 82.4% respondent’s favorable attitude towards use of EC. 21.1% respondents were found to be sexually active (29.7% male and 10.5% female) and only 28.1% of sexually active respondents had ever used any method of EC. Conclusion: Knowledge about EC was found quiet low among youth. There was significant lack of knowledge about exact time limit of using devices of EC. Similarly several misconceptions regarding EC were found very high among youth. Health education initiatives should target students as they are more likely to be sexually active. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20contraception" title="emergency contraception">emergency contraception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsafe%2Funprotected%20sexual%20intercourse" title=" unsafe/unprotected sexual intercourse"> unsafe/unprotected sexual intercourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20and%20behavior" title=" attitude and behavior"> attitude and behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17260/a-study-on-knowledge-attitude-and-behavior-on-emergency-contraception-among-higher-secondary-and-bachelor-level-youth-students-of-lekhnath-municipality-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Disparity in New Born Care Practices Reducing in Uttar Pradesh: Evidences from NFHS and DLHS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gudakesh%20Yadav">Gudakesh Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utter Pradesh, which is one of the largest states of India with unequal distribution of resources and different socioeconomic and cultural characteristics, level of different new born health care indicators varies a lot from one district to another district. State shared more than 21 percent of total live births of India; whereas, it accounts for 28 percent of total infant deaths of the country, with the 53 per thousand infant mortality rate. The present paper attempts to examine tempo-spatial changes in new born care practices during NFHS-1 to NFHS-3 and DLHS-2 to DLHS-3 in Uttar Pradesh and different regions. Descriptive statistics, rate-ratios, concentration index, multivariate and decomposition analysis has been used for the study. Findings of the study reveal that new born care practices have improved over the time in the state and across all the regions because of giving more emphasis on venerable groups like poor, rural, less educated mothers and scheduled caste & tribes but still it did not achieve the desired successes. Regional analysis of third rounds of DLHS shows that, coverage of intuitional delivery was the lowest in the central region. Performance of the southern region was the lowest in terms of initiation of breastfeeding, keeping baby warm and dry after the birth. The study calls for proper follow up of new born children to accelerate new born and child health care service and prioritises increasing antenatal check-ups and institutional delivery, which helps to improve level of other new born care services. At the policy level there is need to reach venerable groups like scheduled caste and tribes, poor and uneducated, and new mother especially in rural areas. High focused district should be allocated for better implementation of new born care promotion programme in low performing districts. Partnership with the private sector health professional is necessary to reach the every part of population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title="decomposition">decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initiation%20of%20breastfeeding" title=" initiation of breastfeeding"> initiation of breastfeeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20delivery" title=" institutional delivery"> institutional delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40713/disparity-in-new-born-care-practices-reducing-in-uttar-pradesh-evidences-from-nfhs-and-dlhs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Rainwater Management in Smart City: Focus in Gomti Nagar Region, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Yadav">Priyanka Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh"> Rajkumar Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Saini"> Alok Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human civilization cannot exist and thrive in the absence of adequate water. As a result, even in smart cities, water plays an important role in human existence. The key causes of this catastrophic water scarcity crisis are lifestyle changes, over-exploitation of groundwater, water over usage, rapid urbanization, and uncontrolled population growth. Furthermore, salty water seeps into deeper aquifers, causing land subsidence. The purpose of this study on artificial groundwater recharge is to address the water shortage in Gomti Nagar, Lucknow. Submersibles are the most common methods of collecting freshwater from groundwater in Gomti Nagar neighbourhood of Lucknow. Gomti Nagar area has a groundwater depletion rate of 1968 m3/day/km2 and is categorized as Zone-A (very high levels) based on the existing groundwater abstraction pattern - A to D. Harvesting rainwater using roof top rainwater harvesting systems (RTRWHs) is an effective method for reducing aquifer depletion in a sustainable water management system. Rainwater collecting using roof top rainwater harvesting systems (RTRWHs) is an effective method for reducing aquifer depletion in a sustainable water conservation system. Due to a water imbalance of 24519 ML/yr, the Gomti Nagar region is facing severe groundwater depletion. According to the Lucknow Development Authority (LDA), the impact of installed RTRWHs (plot area 300 sq. m.) is 0.04 percent of rainfall collected through RTRWHs in Gomti Nagar region of Lucknow. When RTRWHs are deployed in all buildings, their influence will be greater. Bye-laws in India have mandated the installation of RTRWHs on plots greater than 300 sq.m. A better India without any water problem is a pipe dream that may be realized by installing residential and commercial rooftop rainwater collecting systems in every structure. According to the current study, RTRWHs should be used as an alternate source of water to bridge the gap between groundwater recharge and extraction in smart city viz. Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20recharge" title="groundwater recharge">groundwater recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTRWHs" title=" RTRWHs"> RTRWHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harvested%20rainwater" title=" harvested rainwater"> harvested rainwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20extraction" title=" water extraction"> water extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168986/rainwater-management-in-smart-city-focus-in-gomti-nagar-region-lucknow-uttar-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Synergistic Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Enhance Wheat Grain Yield, Biofortification and Soil Health: A Field Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radheshyam%20Yadav">Radheshyam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramakrishna%20%20Wusirika"> Ramakrishna Wusirika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi are ubiquitous in soil and often very critical for crop yield and agriculture sustainability, and this has motivated the agricultural practices to support and promote PGPB and AM Fungi in agriculture. PGPB can be involved in a range of processes that affect Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) transformations in soil and thus influence nutrient availability and uptake to the plants. A field study with two wheat cultivars, HD-3086, and HD-2967 was performed in Malwa region, Bathinda of Punjab, India, to evaluate the effect of native and non-native PGPB alone and in combination with AM fungi as an inoculant on wheat grain yield, nutrient uptake and soil health parameters (dehydrogenase, urease, β‐glucosidase). Our results showed that despite an early insignificant increase in shoot length, plants treated with PGPB (Bacillus sp.) and AM Fungi led to a significant increase in shoot growth at maturity, aboveground biomass, nitrogen (45% - 40%) and phosphorus (40% - 34%) content in wheat grains relative to untreated control plants. Similarly, enhanced grain yield and nutrients uptake i.e. copper (27.15% - 36.25%) iron (43% - 53%) and zinc (44% - 47%) was recorded in PGPB and AM Fungi treated plants relative to untreated control. Overall, inoculation with native PGPB alone and in combination with AM Fungi provided benefits to enhance grain yield, wheat biofortification, and improved soil fertility, despite this effect varied depending on different PGPB isolates and wheat cultivars. These field study results provide evidence of the benefits of agricultural practices involving native PGPB and AM Fungi to the plants. These native strains and AM Fungi increased accumulations of copper, iron, and zinc in wheat grains, enhanced grain yield, and soil fertility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AM%20Fungi" title="AM Fungi">AM Fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofortification" title=" biofortification"> biofortification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPB" title=" PGPB"> PGPB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20microbial%20enzymes" title=" soil microbial enzymes "> soil microbial enzymes </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122089/synergistic-effect-of-plant-growth-promoting-bacteria-and-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-to-enhance-wheat-grain-yield-biofortification-and-soil-health-a-field-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Tale of Massive Distressed Migration from Rural to Urban Areas: A Study of Mumbai City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidya%20Yadav">Vidya Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration is the demographic process that links rural to urban areas, generating or spurring the growth of cities. Evidence shows the role of the city as a production processes. It looks the city as a power of centre, and a centre of change. It has been observed that not only the professionals want to settle down in an urban area but rural labourers are also coming to cities for employment. These are the people who are compelled to migrate to metropolises because of lack of employment opportunities in their place of residence. However, the cities also fail to provide adequate employment because of limited job opportunity creation and capital-intensive industrialization. So these masses of incoming migrants are force to take up whatever employment absorption is available to them particularly in urban informal activities. Ultimately with this informal job they are compelled to stay in the slum areas, which is another form of deprived housing colonies. The paper seeks to examine the evidences of poverty induced migration from rural to urban areas (particularly in urban agglomeration). The present paper utilizes an abundant rich source of census migration data (D-Series) of 1991-2001. Result shows that Mumbai remain as the most attractive place to migrate. The migrants are mainly from the major states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Rajasthan. Male dominated migration is related mostly for employment and females due to marriages. The picture of occupational absorption of migrants who moved for employment, cross classified with educational status. Result shows that illiterate males are primarily engaged in low grade production processing work. Illiterate’s females engaged in service sectors; but these are actually very low grade services in urban informal sectors in India like maid servants, domestic help, hawkers, vendors or vegetables sellers. Among the higher educational level, a small percentage of males and females got absorbed in professional or clerical work but the percentage has been increased in the period 1991-2001. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal" title="informal">informal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job" title=" job"> job</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40674/tale-of-massive-distressed-migration-from-rural-to-urban-areas-a-study-of-mumbai-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Site Specific Nutrient Management Need in India Now</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Nanher">A. H. Nanher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Singh"> N. P. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashidhar%20Yadav"> Shashidhar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20Tyagi"> Sachin Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural production system is an outcome of a complex interaction of seed, soil, water and agro-chemicals (including fertilizers). Therefore, judicious management of all the inputs is essential for the sustainability of such a complex system. Precision agriculture gives farmers the ability to use crop inputs more effectively including fertilizers, pesticides, tillage and irrigation water. More effective use of inputs means greater crop yield and/or quality, without polluting the environment the focus on enhancing the productivity during the Green Revolution coupled with total disregard of proper management of inputs and without considering the ecological impacts, has resulted into environmental degradation. To evaluate a new approach for site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). Large variation in initial soil fertility characteristics and indigenous supply of N, P, and K was observed among Field- and season-specific NPK applications were calculated by accounting for the indigenous nutrient supply, yield targets, and nutrient demand as a function of the interactions between N, P, and K. Nitrogen applications were fine-tuned based on season-specific rules and field-specific monitoring of crop N status. The performance of SSNM did not differ significantly between high-yielding and low-yielding climatic seasons, but improved over time with larger benefits observed in the second year Future, strategies for nutrient management in intensive rice systems must become more site-specific and dynamic to manage spatially and temporally variable resources based on a quantitative understanding of the congruence between nutrient supply and crop demand. The SSNM concept has demonstrated promising agronomic and economic potential. It can be used for managing plant nutrients at any scale, i.e., ranging from a general recommendation for homogenous management of a larger domain to true management of between-field variability. Assessment of pest profiles in FFP and SSNM plots suggests that SSNM may also reduce pest incidence, particularly diseases that are often associated with excessive N use or unbalanced plant nutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient" title="nutrient">nutrient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title=" pesticide"> pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop" title=" crop"> crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield "> yield </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23288/site-specific-nutrient-management-need-in-india-now" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Modelling the Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Accelerating and Braking Behaviour of Drivers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankit%20Kumar%20Yadav">Ankit Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagendra%20R.%20Velaga"> Nagendra R. Velaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driving under the influence of alcohol impairs the driving performance and increases the crash risks worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of different Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BAC) on the accelerating and braking behaviour of drivers with the help of driving simulator experiments. Eighty-two licensed Indian drivers drove on the rural road environment designed in the driving simulator at BAC levels of 0.00%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08% respectively. Driving performance was analysed with the help of vehicle control performance indicators such as mean acceleration and mean brake pedal force of the participants. Preliminary analysis reported an increase in mean acceleration and mean brake pedal force with increasing BAC levels. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to quantify the effect of different alcohol levels and explanatory variables such as driver’s age, gender and other driver characteristic variables on the driving performance indicators. Alcohol use was reported as a significant factor affecting the accelerating and braking performance of the drivers. The acceleration model results indicated that mean acceleration of the drivers increased by 0.013 m/s², 0.026 m/s² and 0.027 m/s² for the BAC levels of 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.08% respectively. Results of the brake pedal force model reported that mean brake pedal force of the drivers increased by 1.09 N, 1.32 N and 1.44 N for the BAC levels of 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.08% respectively. Age was a significant factor in both the models where one year increase in drivers’ age resulted in 0.2% reduction in mean acceleration and 19% reduction in mean brake pedal force of the drivers. It shows that driving experience could compensate for the negative effects of alcohol to some extent while driving. Female drivers were found to accelerate slower and brake harder as compared to the male drivers which confirmed that female drivers are more conscious about their safety while driving. It was observed that drivers who were regular exercisers had better control on their accelerator pedal as compared to the non-regular exercisers during drunken driving. The findings of the present study revealed that drivers tend to be more aggressive and impulsive under the influence of alcohol which deteriorates their driving performance. Drunk driving state can be differentiated from sober driving state by observing the accelerating and braking behaviour of the drivers. The conclusions may provide reference in making countermeasures against drinking and driving and contribute to traffic safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol" title="alcohol">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration" title=" acceleration"> acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=braking%20behaviour" title=" braking behaviour"> braking behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20simulator" title=" driving simulator"> driving simulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103683/modelling-the-effect-of-alcohol-consumption-on-the-accelerating-and-braking-behaviour-of-drivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Developing Customizable Scaffolds With Antimicrobial Properties for Vascular Tissue Regeneration Using Low Temperature Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Vig">Komal Vig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamala%20Soumyakrishnan"> Syamala Soumyakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadav%20Baral"> Yadav Baral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bypass surgery, using the autologous vein has been one of the most effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). More recently tissue engineering including engineered vascular grafts to synthesize blood vessels is gaining usage. Dacron and ePTFE has been employed for vascular grafts, however, these does not work well for small diameter grafts (<6 mm) due to intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. In the present study PTFE was treated with LTP to improve the endothelialization of intimal surface of graft. Scaffolds were also modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-PVP) and the antimicrobial peptides, p753 and p359. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were plated on the developed scaffolds and cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. Cells attachment on scaffolds was visualized by microscopy. mRNA expressions levels of different cell markers were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). X ray photoelectron spectroscopic confirmed the introduction of oxygenated functionalities from LTP air plasma. Microscopic and MTT assays indicated increase in cell viability in LTP treated scaffolds. Gene expression studies shows enhanced expression of cell adhesion marker Integrin- α 5 gene after LTP treatment. The KB test displayed a zone of inhibition for Ag-PVP, p753 and p359 of 19mm, 14mm, and 12mm respectively. To determine toxicity of antimicrobial agents to cells, MTT Assay was performed using HEK293 cells. MTT Assay exhibited that Ag-PVP and the peptides were non-toxic to cells at 100μg/mL and 50μg/mL, respectively. Live/dead analysis and plate count of treated bacteria exhibited bacterial inhibition on develop scaffold compared to non-treated scaffold. SEM was performed to analyze the structural changes of bacteria after treatment with antimicrobial agents. Gene expression studies were conducted on RNA from bacteria treated with Ag-PVP and peptides using qRT-PCR. Based on our initial results, more scaffolds alternatives will be developed and investigated for cell growth and vascularization studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20plasma" title="low temperature plasma">low temperature plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20graft" title=" vascular graft"> vascular graft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HUVEC%20cells" title=" HUVEC cells"> HUVEC cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151603/developing-customizable-scaffolds-with-antimicrobial-properties-for-vascular-tissue-regeneration-using-low-temperature-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Investigation of Turbulent Flow in a Bubble Column Photobioreactor and Consequent Effects on Microalgae Cultivation Using Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetanjali%20Yadav">Geetanjali Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpit%20Mishra"> Arpit Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parthsarathi%20Ghosh"> Parthsarathi Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkrishna%20Sen"> Ramkrishna Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing problems of increasing global CO2 emissions, climate change and fuel crisis. Therefore, several renewable and sustainable energy alternatives should be investigated to replace non-renewable fuels in future. Algae presents itself a versatile feedstock for the production of variety of fuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen etc.) and high value compounds for food, fodder, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Microalgae are simple microorganisms that require water, light, CO2 and nutrients for growth by the process of photosynthesis and can grow in extreme environments, utilize waste gas (flue gas) and waste waters. Mixing, however, is a crucial parameter within the culture system for the uniform distribution of light, nutrients and gaseous exchange in addition to preventing settling/sedimentation, creation of dark zones etc. The overarching goal of the present study is to improve photobioreactor (PBR) design for enhancing dissolution of CO2 from ambient air (0.039%, v/v), pure CO2 and coal-fired flue gas (10 ± 2%) into microalgal PBRs. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a state-of-the-art technique has been used to solve partial differential equations with turbulence closure which represents the dynamics of fluid in a photobioreactor. In this paper, the hydrodynamic performance of the PBR has been characterized and compared with that of the conventional bubble column PBR using CFD. Parameters such as flow rate (Q), mean velocity (u), mean turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were characterized for each experiment that was tested across different aeration schemes. The results showed that the modified PBR design had superior liquid circulation properties and gas-liquid transfer that resulted in creation of uniform environment inside PBR as compared to conventional bubble column PBR. The CFD technique has shown to be promising to successfully design and paves path for a future research in order to develop PBRs which can be commercially available for scale-up microalgal production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20column%20photbioreactor" title=" bubble column photbioreactor"> bubble column photbioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title=" flue gas"> flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72994/investigation-of-turbulent-flow-in-a-bubble-column-photobioreactor-and-consequent-effects-on-microalgae-cultivation-using-computational-fluid-dynamic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Assessment of Indigenous People Living Condition in Coal Mining Region: An Evidence from Dhanbad, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar%20Yadav">Arun Kumar Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal contributes a significant role in India’s developmental mission. But, ironically, on the other side it causes large scale population displacement and significant changes in indigenous people’s livelihood mechanism. Dhanbad which is regarded as one of the oldest and large mining area, as well as a “Coal Capital of India”. Here, mining exploration work started nearly a century ago. But with the passage of time, mining brings a lot of changes in the life of local people. In this context, study tries to do comparative situational analysis of the changes in the living condition of dwellers living in mines affected and non-mines affected villages based on livelihood approach. Since, this place has long history of mining so it is very difficult to conduct before and after comparison between mines and non-mines affected areas. Consequently, the present study is based on relative comparison approach to elucidate the actual scenario. By using primary survey data which was collected by the author during the month of September 2014 to March 2015 at Dhanbad, Jharkhand. The data were collected from eight villages, these were categorised broadly into mines and non-mines affected villages. Further at micro level, mines affected villages has been categorised into open cast and underground mines. This categorization will help us to capture the deeper understanding about the issues of mine affected villages group. Total of 400 household were surveyed. Result depicts that in every sphere mining affected villages are more vulnerable. Regarding financial capital, although mine affected villages are engaged in mining work and get higher mean income. But in contrast, non-mine affected villages are more occupationally diversified. They have an opportunity to earn money from diversified extents like agricultural land, working in mining area, selling coal informally as well as receiving remittances. Non-mines affected villages are in better physical capital which comprises of basic infrastructure to support livelihood. They have an access to secured shelter, adequate water supply & sanitation, and affordable information and transport. Mining affected villages are more prone to health risks. Regarding social capital, it shows that in comparison to last five years, law and order has been improved in mine affected villages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title="displacement">displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood" title=" livelihood"> livelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining "> mining </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40669/assessment-of-indigenous-people-living-condition-in-coal-mining-region-an-evidence-from-dhanbad-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Nuclear Resistance Movements: Case Study of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Yadav">Shivani Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper illustrates dynamics of nuclear resistance movements in India and how peoples’ power rises in response to subversion of justice and suppression of human rights. The need for democratizing nuclear policy runs implicit through the demands of the people protesting against nuclear programmes. The paper analyses the rationale behind developing nuclear energy according to the mainstream development model adopted by the state. Whether the prevalent nuclear discourse includes people’s ambitions and addresses local concerns or not is discussed. Primarily, the nuclear movements across India comprise of two types of actors i.e. the local population as well as the urban interlocutors. The first type of actor is the local population comprising of the people who are residing in the vicinity of the nuclear site and are affected by its construction, presence and operation. They have very immediate concerns against nuclear energy projects but also have an ideological stand against producing nuclear energy. The other types of actors are the urban interlocutors, who are the intellectuals and nuclear activists who have a principled stand against nuclear energy and help to aggregate the aims and goals of the movement on various platforms. The paper focuses on the nuclear resistance movements at five sites in India- Koodankulam (Tamil Nadu), Jaitapur (Maharashtra), Haripur (West Bengal), Mithivirdi (Gujrat) and Gorakhpur (Haryana). The origin, development, role of major actors and mass media coverage of all these movements are discussed in depth. Major observations from the Indian case include: first, nuclear policy discussions in India are confined to elite circles; secondly, concepts like national security and national interest are used to suppress dissent against mainstream policies; and thirdly, India’s energy policies focus on economic concerns while ignoring the human implications of such policies. In conclusion, the paper observes that the anti-nuclear movements question not just the feasibility of nuclear power but also its exclusionary nature when it comes to people’s participation in policy making, endangering the ecology, violation of human rights, etc. The character of these protests is non-violent with an aim to produce more inclusive policy debates and democratic dialogues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-nuclear%20movements" title="anti-nuclear movements">anti-nuclear movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koodankulam%20nuclear%20power%20plant" title=" Koodankulam nuclear power plant"> Koodankulam nuclear power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-violent%20resistance" title=" non-violent resistance"> non-violent resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20resistance%20movements" title=" nuclear resistance movements"> nuclear resistance movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movements" title=" social movements"> social movements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127002/nuclear-resistance-movements-case-study-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Analysis of Reflection Coefficients of Reflected and Transmitted Waves at the Interface Between Viscous Fluid and Hygro-Thermo-Orthotropic Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Kumar%20Yadav">Anand Kumar Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fluctuation of amplitude ratios of various transmitted and reflected waves. Design/methodology/approach – The reflection and transmission of plane waves on the interface between an orthotropic hygro-thermo-elastic half-space (OHTHS) and a viscous-fluid half-space (VFHS) were investigated in this study with reference to coupled hygro-thermo-elasticity. Findings – The interface, where y = 0, is struck by the principal (P) plane waves as they travel through the VFHS. Two waves are reflected in VFHS, and four waves are transmitted in OHTHS as a result namely longitudinal displacement, Pwave − , thermal diffusion TDwave − and moisture diffusion mDwave − and shear vertical SV wave. Expressions for the reflection and transmitted coefficient are developed for the incidence of a hygrothermal plane wave. It is noted that these ratios are graphically displayed and are observed under the influence of coupled hygro-thermo-elasticity. Research limitations/implications – There isn't much study on the model under consideration, which combines OHTHS and VFHS with coupled hygro-thermo-elasticity, according to the existing literature Practical implications – The current model can be applied in many different areas, such as soil dynamics, nuclear reactors, high particle accelerators, earthquake engineering, and other areas where linked hygrothermo-elasticity is important. In a range of technical and geophysical settings, wave propagation in a viscous fluid-thermoelastic medium with various characteristics, such as initial stress, magnetic field, porosity, temperature, etc., gives essential information regarding the presence of new and modified waves. This model may prove useful in modifying earthquake estimates for experimental seismologists, new material designers, and researchers. Social implications – Researchers may use coupled hygro-thermo-elasticity to categories the material, where the parameter is a new indication of its ability to conduct heat in interaction with diverse materials. Originality/value – The submitted text is the sole creation of the team of writers, and all authors equally contributed to its creation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygro-thermo-elasticity" title="hygro-thermo-elasticity">hygro-thermo-elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20fluid" title=" viscous fluid"> viscous fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20coefficient" title=" reflection coefficient"> reflection coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20coefficient" title=" transmission coefficient"> transmission coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20concentration" title=" moisture concentration"> moisture concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172992/analysis-of-reflection-coefficients-of-reflected-and-transmitted-waves-at-the-interface-between-viscous-fluid-and-hygro-thermo-orthotropic-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Impact of Instrument Transformer Secondary Connections on Performance of Protection System: Experiences from Indian POWERGRID</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Kumar%20Jha">Pankaj Kumar Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Singh%20Hada"> Mahendra Singh Hada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brijendra%20Singh"> Brijendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Yadav"> Sandeep Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Protective relays are commonly connected to the secondary windings of instrument transformers, i.e., current transformers (CTs) and/or capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs). The purpose of CT and CVT is to provide galvanic isolation from high voltages and reduce primary currents and voltages to a nominal quantity recognized by the protective relays. Selecting the correct instrument transformers for an application is imperative: failing to do so may compromise the relay’s performance, as the output of the instrument transformer may no longer be an accurately scaled representation of the primary quantity. Having an accurately rated instrument transformer is of no use if these devices are not properly connected. The performance of the protective relay is reliant on its programmed settings and on the current and voltage inputs from the instrument transformers secondary. This paper will help in understanding the fundamental concepts of the connections of Instrument Transformers to the protection relays and the effect of incorrect connection on the performance of protective relays. Multiple case studies of protection system mal-operations due to incorrect connections of instrument transformers will be discussed in detail in this paper. Apart from the connection issue of instrument transformers to protective relays, this paper will also discuss the effect of multiple earthing of CTs and CVTs secondary on the performance of the protection system. Case studies presented in this paper will help the readers to analyse the problem through real-world challenges in complex power system networks. This paper will also help the protection engineer in better analysis of disturbance records. CT and CVT connection errors can lead to undesired operations of protection systems. However, many of these operations can be avoided by adhering to industry standards and implementing tried-and-true field testing and commissioning practices. Understanding the effect of missing neutral of CVT, multiple earthing of CVT secondary, and multiple grounding of CT star points on the performance of the protection system through real-world case studies will help the protection engineer in better commissioning the protection system and maintenance of the protection system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20reactor" title="bus reactor">bus reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20transformer" title=" current transformer"> current transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20voltage%20transformer" title=" capacitive voltage transformer"> capacitive voltage transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20protection" title=" distance protection"> distance protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20protection" title=" differential protection"> differential protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20earth%20fault" title=" directional earth fault"> directional earth fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbance%20report" title=" disturbance report"> disturbance report</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20transformer" title=" instrument transformer"> instrument transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=REF%20protection" title=" REF protection"> REF protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shunt%20reactor" title=" shunt reactor"> shunt reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20selection%20relay" title=" voltage selection relay"> voltage selection relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VT%20fuse%20failure" title=" VT fuse failure"> VT fuse failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166346/impact-of-instrument-transformer-secondary-connections-on-performance-of-protection-system-experiences-from-indian-powergrid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Honey Intoxication: A Unique Cause of Sudden Cardiac Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Rawat">Bharat Rawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shekhar%20Rajbhandari"> Shekhar Rajbhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadav%20Bhatta"> Yadav Bhatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Prakash%20Jaiswal"> Jay Prakash Jaiswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivaji%20Bikram%20Silwal"> Shivaji Bikram Silwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajiv%20Shrestha"> Rajiv Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shova%20Sunuwar"> Shova Sunuwar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The honey produced by the bees fed on Rhobdodendron species containing grayanotoxin is known as mad honey. Grayanotoxin is found in honey obtained from the nectar of Rhododendron species growing on the mountains of the Black Sea region of Turkey and also in Japan, Nepal, Brazil, parts of North America, and Europe. Although the incidence of grayanotoxin poisoning is rare, there is concern that the number of cases per year will rise with the increasing demand for organic products. Mad honey intoxication might present with mild symptoms of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological systems or might also present with a life-threatening form with AV block and cardiovascular collapse. In this article, we describe the summary of five cases, which came to our hospital with mad honey related cardiac complications. Findings: In last one year, five cases presented in the emergency department with sudden onset of Loss of consciousness, dizziness, shortness of breath. They felt difficulty after the consumption of 1-3 teaspoonful of wild honey. The honey was brought from most of the rural parts of Nepal like khotang. Some of them also came with vomiting, dizziness, and loose stool. On examination, most of them had severe bradycardia and low blood pressure. No abnormalities were detected on systemic examinations. In one patient, ECG and cardiac enzymes showed features of the acute coronary syndrome, but his treadmill test done few days later was normal. All patients were managed with inj. Atropine, I/V normal saline, and other supportive measures and discharged in a stable condition within one or two days. Conclusions: Rhododendrons is the national flower of Nepal. The specific species of rhododendron found in Nepal which contains the toxin is not known. Bees feeding on these rhododendrons are known to transfer the grayanotoxin to the honey they produce. Most symptoms are mild and resolve themselves without medical intervention. Signs and symptoms of grayanotoxin poisoning rarely last more than 24 hours and are usually not fatal. Some signs of mad honey poisoning include Bradycardia, Cardiac arrhythmia, Hypotension, Nausea and Vomiting. They respond to close monitoring and appropriate supportive treatment. Normally, patients recover completely with no residual damage to the heart or its conduction system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhobdodendron" title="rhobdodendron">rhobdodendron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title=" honey"> honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grayanotoxin" title=" grayanotoxin"> grayanotoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bradycardia" title=" bradycardia"> bradycardia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31998/honey-intoxication-a-unique-cause-of-sudden-cardiac-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Experiences and Challenges of Community Participation in Urban Renewal Projects: A Case Study of Bhendi Bazzar, Mumbai, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhura%20Yadav">Madhura Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban redevelopment planning initiatives in developing countries have been largely criticised due to top-down planning approach and lack of involvement of the targeted beneficiaries which have led to a challenging situation which is contrary to the perceived needs of beneficiaries. Urban renewal projects improve the lives of people and meaningful participation of community plays a pivotal role. Public perceptions on satisfaction and participation have been given less priority in the investigation, which hinders effective planning and implementation of urban renewal projects. Moreover, challenges of community participation in urban renewal projects are less documented, particularly in relation to public participation and satisfaction. There is a need for new paradigm shift focusing on community participatory approach in urban renewal projects. The over 125-year-old Bhendi Bazar in Mumbai, India is the country’s first ever cluster redevelopment project, popularly known as Bhendi Bazaar redevelopment and it will be one of the largest projects for urban rejuvenation of one of Mumbai’s oldest and dying inner city areas. The project is led by the community trust, inputs were taken from various stakeholders, including residents, commercial tenants and expert consultants to shape the master plan and design of the project. The project started in 2016 but there is a significant delay in implementing the project. The study aimed at studying and assessing public perceptions on satisfaction and the relationship between community participation and community satisfaction in Bhendi Bazaar of Mumbai, India. Furthermore, the study will outline the challenges and problems of community participation in urban renewal projects and it suggests recommendations for the future. The qualitative and quantitative methods such as reconnaissance survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, walking interviews, a narrative inquiry is used for analysis of data. Preliminary findings revealed that all tenants are satisfied for the redevelopment of an area but the willingness of residential tenants to move in transit accommodation has made the projects successful and reductant of some residential and commercial tenants, regulatory provisions rising to face challenges in implementation. Experiences from the case study can help to understand dynamics behind public participation and government. At the same time, they serve as an inspiration and learning opportunity for future projects to ensure that they are sustainable not only from an economic standpoint but also, a social perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20renewal" title="urban renewal">urban renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhendi%20Bazaar" title=" Bhendi Bazaar"> Bhendi Bazaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title=" community participation"> community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20perspective" title=" social perspective"> social perspective</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95153/experiences-and-challenges-of-community-participation-in-urban-renewal-projects-a-case-study-of-bhendi-bazzar-mumbai-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Development of a Risk Disclosure Index and Examination of Its Determinants: An Empirical Study in Indian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Shivaani">M. V. Shivaani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Jain"> P. K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20S.%20Yadav"> Surendra S. Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide regulators, practitioners and researchers view risk-disclosure as one of the most important steps that will promote corporate accountability and transparency. Recognizing this growing significance of risk disclosures, the paper first develops a risk disclosure index. Covering 69 risk items/themes, this index is developed by employing thematic content analysis and encompasses three attributes of disclosure: namely, nature (qualitative or quantitative), time horizon (backward-looking or forward-looking) and tone (no impact, positive impact or negative impact). As the focus of study is on substantive rather than symbolic disclosure, content analysis has been carried out manually. The study is based on non-financial companies of Nifty500 index and covers a ten year period from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2015, thus yielding 3,872 annual reports for analysis. The analysis reveals that (on an average) only about 14% of risk items (i.e. about 10 out 69 risk items studied) are being disclosed by Indian companies. Risk items that are frequently disclosed are mostly macroeconomic in nature and their disclosures tend to be qualitative, forward-looking and conveying both positive and negative aspects of the concerned risk. The second objective of the paper is to gauge the factors that affect the level of disclosures in annual reports. Given the panel nature of data, and possible endogeneity amongst variables, Diff-GMM regression has been applied. The results indicate that age and size of firms have a significant positive impact on disclosure quality, whereas growth rate does not have a significant impact. Further, post-recession period (2009-2015) has witnessed significant improvement in quality of disclosures. In terms of corporate governance variables, board size, board independence, CEO duality, presence of CRO and constitution of risk management committee appear to be significant factors in determining the quality of risk disclosures. It is noteworthy that the study contributes to literature by putting forth a variant to existing disclosure indices that not only captures the quantity but also the quality of disclosures (in terms of semantic attributes). Also, the study is a first of its kind attempt in a prominent emerging market i.e. India. Therefore, this study is expected to facilitate regulators in mandating and regulating risk disclosures and companies in their endeavor to reduce information asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20disclosure" title="risk disclosure">risk disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20disclosures" title=" voluntary disclosures"> voluntary disclosures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diff-GMM" title=" Diff-GMM"> Diff-GMM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96355/development-of-a-risk-disclosure-index-and-examination-of-its-determinants-an-empirical-study-in-indian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Durability of Functionally Graded Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Kumar%20Acharya">Prasanna Kumar Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mausam%20Kumari%20Yadav"> Mausam Kumari Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cement concrete has emerged as the most consumed construction material. It has also dominated all other construction materials because of its versatility. Apart from numerous advantages it has a disadvantage concerning durability. The large structures constructed with cement concrete involving the consumption of huge natural materials remain in serviceable condition for 5 – 7 decades only while structures made with stones stand for many centuries. The short life span of structures not only affects the economy but also affects the ecology greatly. As such, the improvement of durability of cement concrete is a global concern and scientists around the globe are trying for this purpose. Functionally graded concrete (FGC) is an exciting development. In contrast to conventional concrete, FGC demonstrates different characteristics depending on its thickness, which enables it to conform to particular structural specifications. The purpose of FGC is to improve the performance and longevity of conventional concrete structures with cutting-edge building materials. By carefully distributing various kinds and amounts of reinforcements, additives, mix designs and/or aggregates throughout the concrete matrix, this variety is produced. A key component of functionally graded concrete's performance is its durability, which affects the material's capacity to tolerate aggressive environmental influences and load-bearing circumstances. This paper reports the durability of FGC made using Portland slag cement (PSC). For this purpose, control concretes (CC) of M20, M30 and M40 grades were designed. Single-layered samples were prepared using each grade of concrete. Further using combinations of M20 + M30, M30 + M40 and M40 + M20, doubled layered concrete samples in a depth ratio of 1:1 was prepared those are herein called FGC samples. The efficiency of FGC samples was compared with that of the higher-grade concrete of parent materials in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, acid resistance, sulphate resistance, chloride resistance and abrasion resistance. The properties were checked at the age of 28 and 91 days. Apart from strength and durability parameters, the microstructure of CC and FGC were studied in terms of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray. The result of the study revealed that there is an increase in the efficiency of concrete evaluated in terms of strength and durability when it is made functionally graded using a layered technology having different grades of concrete in layers. The results may help to enhance the efficiency of structural concrete and its durability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20on%20compacted" title="fresh on compacted">fresh on compacted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20concrete" title=" functionally graded concrete"> functionally graded concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid" title=" acid"> acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloride" title=" chloride"> chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphate%20test" title=" sulphate test"> sulphate test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorptivity" title=" sorptivity"> sorptivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion" title=" abrasion"> abrasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption%20test" title=" water absorption test"> water absorption test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191321/durability-of-functionally-graded-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Youth and Employment: An Outlook on Challenges of Demographic Dividend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidya%20Yadav">Vidya Yadav </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India’s youth bulge is now sharpest at the critical 15-24 age group, even as its youngest, and oldest age groups begin to narrow. As the ‘single year, age data’ for the 2011 Census releases the data on the number of people at each year of age in the population. The data shows that India’s working age population (15-64 years) is now 63.4 percent of the total, as against just short of 60 percent in 2001. The numbers also show that the ‘dependency ratio’ the ratio of children (0-14) and the elderly (65 above) to those in the working age has shrunk further to 0.55. “Even as the western world is in ageing situation, these new numbers show that India’s population is still very young”. As the fertility falls faster in urban areas, rural India is younger than urban India; while 51.73 percent of rural Indians are under the age of 24 and 45.9 percent of urban Indians are under 24. The percentage of the population under the age of 24 has dropped, but many demographers say that it should not be interpreted as a sign of the youth bulge is shrinking. Rather it is because of “declining fertility, the number of infants and children reduces first, and this is what we see with the number of under age 24. Indeed the figure shows that the proportion of children in the 0-4 and 5-9 age groups has fallen in 2011 compared to 2001. For the first time, the percentage of children in the 10-14 age group has also fallen, as the effect of families reducing the number of children they have begins to be felt. The present paper key issue is to examine that “whether this growing youth bulge has the right skills for the workforce or not”. The study seeks to examine the youth population structure and employment distribution among them in India during 2001-2011 in different industrial category. It also tries to analyze the workforce participation rate as main and marginal workers both for male and female workers in rural and urban India by utilizing an abundant source of census data from 2001-2011. Result shows that an unconscionable number of adolescents are working when they should study. In rural areas, large numbers of youths are working as an agricultural labourer. Study shows that most of the youths working are in the 15-19 age groups. In fact, this is the age of entry into higher education, but due to economic compulsion forces them to take up jobs, killing their dreams of higher skills or education. Youths are primarily engaged in low paying irregular jobs which are clearly revealed by census data on marginal workers. That is those who get work for less than six months in a year. Large proportions of youths are involved in the cultivation and household industries works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main" title="main">main</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal" title=" marginal"> marginal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work" title=" work"> work</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40672/youth-and-employment-an-outlook-on-challenges-of-demographic-dividend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Risk Based Maintenance Planning for Loading Equipment in Underground Hard Rock Mine: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidharth%20Talan">Sidharth Talan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Devendra Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuvraj%20Singh%20Rajput"> Yuvraj Singh Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhajit%20Bhattacharjee"> Subhajit Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining industry is known for its appetite to spend sizeable capital on mine equipment. However, in the current scenario, the mining industry is challenged by daunting factors of non-uniform geological conditions, uneven ore grade, uncontrollable and volatile mineral commodity prices and the ever increasing quest to optimize the capital and operational costs. Thus, the role of equipment reliability and maintenance planning inherits a significant role in augmenting the equipment availability for the operation and in turn boosting the mine productivity. This paper presents the Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) planning conducted on mine loading equipment namely Load Haul Dumpers (LHDs) at Vedanta Resources Ltd subsidiary Hindustan Zinc Limited operated Sindesar Khurd Mines, an underground zinc and lead mine situated in Dariba, Rajasthan, India. The mining equipment at the location is maintained by the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) namely Sandvik and Atlas Copco, who carry out the maintenance and inspection operations for the equipment. Based on the downtime data extracted for the equipment fleet over the period of 6 months spanning from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2017 until 30<sup>th</sup> June 2017, it was revealed that significant contribution of three downtime issues related to namely Engine, Hydraulics, and Transmission to be common among all the loading equipment fleet and substantiated by Pareto Analysis. Further scrutiny through Bubble Matrix Analysis of the given factors revealed the major influence of selective factors namely Overheating, No Load Taken (NTL) issues, Gear Changing issues and Hose Puncture and leakage issues. Utilizing the equipment wise analysis of all the downtime factors obtained, spares consumed, and the alarm logs extracted from the machines, technical design changes in the equipment and pre shift critical alarms checklist were proposed for the equipment maintenance. The given analysis is beneficial to allow OEMs or mine management to focus on the critical issues hampering the reliability of mine equipment and design necessary maintenance strategies to mitigate them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20matrix%20analysis" title="bubble matrix analysis">bubble matrix analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LHDs" title=" LHDs"> LHDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OEMs" title=" OEMs"> OEMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20chart%20analysis" title=" Pareto chart analysis"> Pareto chart analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spares%20consumption%20matrix" title=" spares consumption matrix"> spares consumption matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20alarms%20checklist" title=" critical alarms checklist"> critical alarms checklist</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80804/risk-based-maintenance-planning-for-loading-equipment-in-underground-hard-rock-mine-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Examining Terrorism through a Constructivist Framework: Case Study of the Islamic State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Yadav">Shivani Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Study of terrorism lends itself to the constructivist framework as constructivism focuses on the importance of ideas and norms in shaping interests and identities. Constructivism is pertinent to understand the phenomenon of a terrorist organization like the Islamic State (IS), which opportunistically utilizes radical ideas and norms to shape its ‘politics of identity’. This ‘identity’, which is at the helm of preferences and interests of actors, in turn, shapes actions. The paper argues that an effective counter-terrorism policy must recognize the importance of ideas in order to counter the threat arising from acts of radicalism and terrorism. Traditional theories of international relations, with an emphasis on state-centric security problematic, exhibit several limitations and problems in interpreting the phenomena of terrorism. With the changing global order, these theories have failed to adapt to the changing dimensions of terrorism, especially ‘newer’ actors like the Islamic State (IS). The paper observes that IS distinguishes itself from other terrorist organizations in the way that it recruits and spreads its propaganda. Not only are its methods different, but also its tools (like social media) are new. Traditionally, too, force alone has rarely been sufficient to counter terrorism, but it seems especially impossible to completely root out an organization like IS. Time is ripe to change the discourse around terrorism and counter-terrorism strategies. The counter-terrorism measures adopted by states, which primarily focus on mitigating threats to the national security of the state, are preoccupied with statist objectives of the continuance of state institutions and maintenance of order. This limitation prevents these theories from addressing the questions of justice and the ‘human’ aspects of ideas and identity. These counter-terrorism strategies adopt a problem-solving approach that attempts to treat the symptoms without diagnosing the disease. Hence, these restrictive strategies fail to look beyond calculated retaliation against violent actions in order to address the underlying causes of discontent pertaining to ‘why’ actors turn violent in the first place. What traditional theories also overlook is that overt acts of violence may have several causal factors behind them, some of which are rooted in the structural state system. Exploring these root causes through the constructivist framework helps to decipher the process of ‘construction of terror’ and to move beyond the ‘what’ in theorization in order to describe ‘why’, ‘how’ and ‘when’ terrorism occurs. Study of terrorism would much benefit from a constructivist analysis in order to explore non-military options while countering the ideology propagated by the IS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructivism" title="constructivism">constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter%20terrorism" title=" counter terrorism"> counter terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20State" title=" Islamic State"> Islamic State</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics%20of%20identity" title=" politics of identity"> politics of identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126989/examining-terrorism-through-a-constructivist-framework-case-study-of-the-islamic-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Development of Risk Index and Corporate Governance Index: An Application on Indian PSUs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Shivaani">M. V. Shivaani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Jain"> P. K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20S.%20Yadav"> Surendra S. Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), being government-owned organizations have commitments for the economic and social wellbeing of the society; this commitment needs to be reflected in their risk-taking, decision-making and governance structures. Therefore, the primary objective of the study is to suggest measures that may lead to improvement in performance of PSUs. To achieve this objective two normative frameworks (one relating to risk levels and other relating to governance structure) are being put forth. The risk index is based on nine risks, such as, solvency risk, liquidity risk, accounting risk, etc. and each of the risks have been scored on a scale of 1 to 5. The governance index is based on eleven variables, such as, board independence, diversity, risk management committee, etc. Each of them are scored on a scale of 1 to five. The sample consists of 39 PSUs that featured in Nifty 500 index and, the study covers a 10 year period from April 1, 2005 to March, 31, 2015. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) have been used as proxies of firm performance. The control variables used in the model include, age of firm, growth rate of firm and size of firm. A dummy variable has also been used to factor in the effects of recession. Given the panel nature of data and possibility of endogeneity, dynamic panel data- generalized method of moments (Diff-GMM) regression has been used. It is worth noting that the corporate governance index is positively related to both ROA and ROE, indicating that with the improvement in governance structure, PSUs tend to perform better. Considering the components of CGI, it may be suggested that (i). PSUs ensure adequate representation of women on Board, (ii). appoint a Chief Risk Officer, and (iii). constitute a risk management committee. The results also indicate that there is a negative association between risk index and returns. These results not only validate the framework used to develop the risk index but also provide a yardstick to PSUs benchmark their risk-taking if they want to maximize their ROA and ROE. While constructing the CGI, certain non-compliances were observed, even in terms of mandatory requirements, such as, proportion of independent directors. Such infringements call for stringent penal provisions and better monitoring of PSUs. Further, if the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) bring about such reforms in the PSUs and make mandatory the adherence to the normative frameworks put forth in the study, PSUs may have more effective and efficient decision-making, lower risks and hassle free management; all these ultimately leading to better ROA and ROE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSU" title="PSU">PSU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20governance" title=" risk governance"> risk governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diff-GMM" title=" diff-GMM"> diff-GMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20performance" title=" firm performance"> firm performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20risk%20index" title=" the risk index"> the risk index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96352/development-of-risk-index-and-corporate-governance-index-an-application-on-indian-psus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> An Efficient Automated Radiation Measuring System for Plasma Monopole Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurkirandeep%20Kaur">Gurkirandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Pratap%20Yadav"> Rana Pratap Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental study is aimed to examine the radiation characteristics of different plasma structures of a surface wave-driven plasma antenna by an automated measuring system. In this study, a 30 cm long plasma column of argon gas with a diameter of 3 cm is excited by surface wave discharge mechanism operating at 13.56 MHz with RF power level up to 100 Watts and gas pressure between 0.01 to 0.05 mb. The study reveals that a single structured plasma monopole can be modified into an array of plasma antenna elements by forming multiple striations or plasma blobs inside the discharge tube by altering the values of plasma properties such as working pressure, operating frequency, input RF power, discharge tube dimensions, i.e., length, radius, and thickness. It is also reported that plasma length, electron density, and conductivity are functions of operating plasma parameters and controlled by changing working pressure and input power. To investigate the antenna radiation efficiency for the far-field region, an automation-based radiation measuring system has been fabricated and presented in detail. This developed automated system involves a combined setup of controller, dc servo motors, vector network analyzer, and computing device to evaluate the radiation intensity, directivity, gain and efficiency of plasma antenna. In this system, the controller is connected to multiple motors for moving aluminum shafts in both elevation and azimuthal plane whereas radiation from plasma monopole antenna is measured by a Vector Network Analyser (VNA) which is further wired up with the computing device to display radiations in polar plot forms. Here, the radiation characteristics of both continuous and array plasma monopole antenna have been studied for various working plasma parameters. The experimental results clearly indicate that the plasma antenna is as efficient as a metallic antenna. The radiation from plasma monopole antenna is significantly influenced by plasma properties which provides a wider range in radiation pattern where desired radiation parameters like beam-width, the direction of radiation, radiation intensity, antenna efficiency, etc. can be achieved in a single monopole. Due to its wide range of selectivity in radiation pattern; this can meet the demands of wider bandwidth to get high data speed in communication systems. Moreover, this developed system provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for measuring the radiation pattern in far-field zone for any kind of antenna system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20radiation%20characteristics" title="antenna radiation characteristics">antenna radiation characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamically%20reconfigurable" title=" dynamically reconfigurable"> dynamically reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20antenna" title=" plasma antenna"> plasma antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20column" title=" plasma column"> plasma column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20striations" title=" plasma striations"> plasma striations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wave" title=" surface wave"> surface wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93278/an-efficient-automated-radiation-measuring-system-for-plasma-monopole-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Cardiothoracic Ratio in Postmortem Computed Tomography: A Tool for the Diagnosis of Cardiomegaly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Eldo%20Simon">Alex Eldo Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Yadav"> Abhishek Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to evaluate the utility of postmortem computed tomography (CT) and heart weight measurements in the assessment of cardiomegaly in cases of sudden death due to cardiac origin by comparing the results of these two diagnostic methods. The study retrospectively analyzed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) data from 54 cases of sudden natural death and compared the findings with those of the autopsy. The study involved measuring the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) from coronal computed tomography (CT) images and determining the actual cardiac weight by weighing the heart during the autopsy. The inclusion criteria for the study were cases of sudden death suspected to be caused by cardiac pathology, while exclusion criteria included death due to unnatural causes such as trauma or poisoning, diagnosed natural causes of death related to organs other than the heart, and cases of decomposition. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated, and to evaluate the accuracy of using the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) to detect an enlarged heart, the study generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a radiological tool used to assess cardiomegaly by measuring the maximum cardiac diameter in relation to the maximum transverse diameter of the chest wall. The clinically used criteria for CTR have been modified from 0.50 to 0.57 for use in postmortem settings, where abnormalities can be detected by comparing CTR values to this threshold. A CTR value of 0.57 or higher is suggestive of hypertrophy but not conclusive. Similarly, heart weight is measured during the traditional autopsy, and a cardiac weight greater than 450 grams is defined as hypertrophy. Of the 54 cases evaluated, 22 (40.7%) had a cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) ranging from > 0.50 to equal 0.57, and 12 cases (22.2%) had a CTR greater than 0.57, which was defined as hypertrophy. The mean CTR was calculated as 0.52 ± 0.06. Among the 54 cases evaluated, the weight of the heart was measured, and the mean was calculated as 369.4 ± 99.9 grams. Out of the 54 cases evaluated, 12 were found to have hypertrophy as defined by PMCT, while only 9 cases were identified with hypertrophy in traditional autopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were calculated as 55.56% and 84.44%, respectively. The sensitivity of the hypertrophy test was found to be 55.56% (95% CI: 26.66, 81.12¹), the specificity was 84.44% (95% CI: 71.22, 92.25¹), and the diagnostic accuracy was 79.63% (95% CI: 67.1, 88.23¹). The limitation of the study was a low sample size of only 54 cases, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The comparison of the cardiothoracic ratio with heart weight in this study suggests that PMCT may serve as a screening tool for medico-legal autopsies when performed by forensic pathologists. However, it should be noted that the low sensitivity of the test (55.5%) may limit its diagnostic accuracy, and therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes and more diverse populations are needed to validate these findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMCT" title="PMCT">PMCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtopsy" title=" virtopsy"> virtopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTR" title=" CTR"> CTR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiothoracic%20ratio" title=" cardiothoracic ratio"> cardiothoracic ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164730/cardiothoracic-ratio-in-postmortem-computed-tomography-a-tool-for-the-diagnosis-of-cardiomegaly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Unveiling Microbial Potential: Investigating Zinc-Solubilizing Fungi in Rhizospheric Soil Through Isolation, Characterization and Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pukhrambam%20Helena%20Chanu">Pukhrambam Helena Chanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janardan%20Yadav"> Janardan Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the potential of various fungal isolates to solubilize zinc and counteract rice pathogens, with the aim of mitigating zinc deficiency and disease prevalence in rice farming. Soil samples from the rhizosphere were collected, and zinc-solubilizing fungi were isolated and purified. Molecular analysis identified Talaromyces sp, Talaromyces versatilis, Talaromyces pinophilus, and Aspergillus terreus as effective zinc solubilizers. Through qualitative and quantitative assessments, it was observed that solubilization efficiencies varied among the isolates over time, with Talaromyces versatilis displaying the highest capacity for solubilization. This variability in solubilization rates may be attributed to differences in fungal metabolic activity and their ability to produce organic acids that facilitate zinc release from insoluble sources in the soil. In inhibition assays against rice pathogens, the fungal isolates exhibited antagonistic properties, with Talaromyces versatilis demonstrating the most significant inhibition rates. This antagonistic activity may be linked to the production of secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics or lytic enzymes by fungi, which inhibit the growth of rice pathogens. The ability of Talaromyces versatilis to outperform other isolates in both zinc solubilization and pathogen inhibition highlights its potential as a multifunctional biocontrol agent in rice cultivation systems. These findings emphasize the potential of fungi as natural solutions for enhancing zinc uptake and managing diseases in rice cultivation. Utilizing indigenous zinc-solubilizing fungi offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to addressing zinc deficiency in soils, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Moreover, harnessing the antagonistic activity of these fungi can contribute to integrated disease management strategies, minimizing reliance on synthetic pesticides and promoting ecological balance in agroecosystems. Additionally, the study included the evaluation of dipping time under different concentrations, viz.,10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 30 ppm of biosynthesized nano ZnO on rice seedlings. This investigation aimed to optimize the application of nano ZnO for efficient zinc uptake by rice plants while minimizing potential risks associated with excessive nanoparticle exposure. Evaluating the effects of varying concentrations and dipping durations provides valuable insights into the safe and effective utilization of nano ZnO as a micronutrient supplement in rice farming practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosynthesized%20nano%20ZnO" title="biosynthesized nano ZnO">biosynthesized nano ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20dipping" title=" root dipping"> root dipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20solubilizing%20fungi." title=" zinc solubilizing fungi."> zinc solubilizing fungi.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183473/unveiling-microbial-potential-investigating-zinc-solubilizing-fungi-in-rhizospheric-soil-through-isolation-characterization-and-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Estimating Age in Deceased Persons from the North Indian Population Using Ossification of the Sternoclavicular Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balaji%20Devanathan">Balaji Devanathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokul%20G."> Gokul G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raveena%20Divya"> Raveena Divya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Yadav"> Abhishek Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20K.%20Gupta"> Sudhir K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Age estimation is a common problem in administrative settings, medico legal cases, and among athletes competing in different sports. Age estimation is a problem in medico legal problems that arise in hospitals when there has been a criminal abortion, when consenting to surgery or a general physical examination, when there has been infanticide, impotence, sterility, etc. Medical imaging progress has benefited forensic anthropology in various ways, most notably in the area of determining bone age. An efficient method for researching the epiphyseal union and other differences in the body's bones and joints is multi-slice computed tomography. There isn't a significant database on Indians available. So to obtain an Indian based database author has performed this original study. Methodologies: The appearance and fusion of ossification centre of sternoclavicular joint is evaluated, and grades were assigned accordingly. Using MSCT scans, we examined the relationship between the age of the deceased and alterations in the sternoclavicular joint during the appearance and union in 500 instances, 327 men and 173 females, in the age range of 0 to 25 years. Results: According to our research in both the male and female groups, the ossification centre for the medial end of the clavicle first appeared between the ages of 18.5 and 17.1 respectively. The age range of the partial union was 20.4 and 20.2 years old. The earliest age of complete fusion was 23 years for males and 22 years for females. For fusion of their sternebrae into one, age range is 11–24 years for females and 17–24 years. The fusion of the third and fourth sternebrae was completed by 11 years. The fusions of the first and second and second and third sternebrae occur by the age of 17 years. Furthermore, correlation and reliability were carried out which yielded significant results. Conclusion: With numerous exceptions, the projected values are consistent with a large number of the previously developed age charts. These variations may be caused by the ethnic or regional heterogeneity in the ossification pattern among the population under study. The pattern of bone maturation did not significantly differ between the sexes, according to the study. The study's age range was 0 to 25 years, and for obvious reasons, the majority of the occurrences occurred in the last five years, or between 20 and 25 years of age. This resulted in a comparatively smaller study population for the 12–18 age group, where age estimate is crucial because of current legal requirements. It will require specialized PMCT research in this age range to produce population standard charts for age estimate. The medial end of the clavicle is one of several ossification foci that are being thoroughly investigated since they are challenging to assess with a traditional X-ray examination. Combining the two has been shown to be a valid result when it comes to raising the age beyond eighteen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20estimation" title="age estimation">age estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sternoclavicular%20joint" title=" sternoclavicular joint"> sternoclavicular joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medial%20clavicle" title=" medial clavicle"> medial clavicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185839/estimating-age-in-deceased-persons-from-the-north-indian-population-using-ossification-of-the-sternoclavicular-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramji%20Yadav&page=5">5</a></li> 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