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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voter_registration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_registration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voter registration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_registration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation_of_Miru_Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_of_Miru_Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Implementation of Miru Systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementation_of_Miru_Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disqualification_of_Smartmatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disqualification_of_Smartmatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Disqualification of Smartmatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disqualification_of_Smartmatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_bidding_for_the_automated_voting_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_bidding_for_the_automated_voting_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Public bidding for the automated voting system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_bidding_for_the_automated_voting_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Reactions and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_contracts_awarded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_contracts_awarded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Other contracts awarded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_contracts_awarded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_amendments_to_the_1987_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_amendments_to_the_1987_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Proposed amendments to the 1987 Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_amendments_to_the_1987_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schedule_of_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schedule_of_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Schedule of barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schedule_of_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Electoral reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues subsection</span> </button> <ul 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id="toc-Parties_and_coalitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties_and_coalitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parties and coalitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_and_coalitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections_to_be_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_to_be_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Elections to be held</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections_to_be_held-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elections to be held subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elections_to_be_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Local elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangsamoro_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangsamoro_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Bangsamoro Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangsamoro_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2025 Philippine general election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_general_election" title="2022 Philippine general election">2022</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>May 12, 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2025-05-12</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint">2028 →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> </table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1247979735"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><div style="background-color:#ddd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2025 Philippine Senate election">Senate election</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2022 Philippine Senate election">2022</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint">2028 →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />12 (of the 24) seats to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a><br />13 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #207096"> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #f0e68c"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alyansa_para_sa_Bagong_Pilipinas" title="Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas">Bagong Pilipinas</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #29176E"> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #ffd700"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Makabayan" title="Makabayan">Makabayan</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_Pilipino" title="Partido Demokratiko Pilipino">PDP</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><br /> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235098938">.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect{line-height:1.5em;max-width:32em;min-width:22em;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-embed{background-color:#ddd;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-error{color:red}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect .infobox-below{padding:0 3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results{width:100%;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results th[scope="row"]{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd),.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd) th[scope="row"]{background-color:#eee}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd),html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd) th[scope="row"]{color:#fff;background-color:#080906}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd),html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-results tr:nth-child(odd) th[scope="row"]{color:#fff;background-color:#080906}}.mw-parser-output td.ib-legis-elect-percent,.mw-parser-output td.ib-legis-elect-seats{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-p{color:green}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-m{color:red}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-map{width:100%;border-spacing:0;border-top:1px #aaa solid}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft{width:100%;border-spacing:0;border-top:1px #aaa solid}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft th,.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-50{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befimg{padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-aftimg{padding-left:3px}</style><div class="ib-legis-elect-embed"><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections">House of Representatives elections</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2022</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint">2028 →</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />All 317 seats to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a><br />159 seats needed for a majority</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable ib-legis-elect-results plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr class="nowrap"> <th>Party </th> <th>Current seats </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #B0E0E6;"><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">92 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #104a21;"><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Philippines)" title="National Unity Party (Philippines)">NUP</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">36 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #4AA02C;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">33 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #98fb98;"><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">32 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #0D5F31;"><a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">PFP</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #f0e68c;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DDDDBB;">Others <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">40 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style=""><i><a href="/wiki/Party-list_representation_in_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Party-lists</a></i> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">61 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="nowrap ib-legis-elect-disclaimer"></div><table class="ib-legis-elect-befaft"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Incumbent Speaker</th> <th scope="col" class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right"></th> </tr><tr> <td class="ib-legis-elect-50"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas–CMD</a></td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right ib-legis-elect-50"></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>2025 Philippine general election</b> will be held on May 12, 2025. During this <a href="/wiki/Midterm_election" title="Midterm election">midterm election</a>, where the winners take office mid-way the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">term</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>, all 317 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> and 12 of the 24 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a> will be contested to form the <a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Congress of the Philippines">20th Congress of the Philippines</a>. Local elections will also be held for the executive and legislative branches in every <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">province, city, and municipality in the country</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/2025_Bangsamoro_Parliament_election" title="2025 Bangsamoro Parliament election">regular election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Parliament" title="Bangsamoro Parliament">Bangsamoro Parliament</a> will be held within the general election after it was postponed in 2022. </p><p>This will be the first general election to be held following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Maguindanao_division_plebiscite" title="2022 Maguindanao division plebiscite">2022 Maguindanao division plebiscite</a>, which divided the <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">province</a> into <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a>. This election will also be the first automated election to be overseen by the South Korean firm Miru Systems after the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission of Elections</a> (COMELEC) disqualified <a href="/wiki/Smartmatic" title="Smartmatic">Smartmatic</a> from participating in future elections. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_registration">Voter registration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Voter registration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philippine citizens must be at least 18 years old by noontime of election day. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas Filipino Workers</a> (OFWs) must have a valid Philippine passport.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COMELEC implemented the Register Anywhere Program in July 2022, converting shopping malls, certain churches, and plazas as offices for the program.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OFWs are supposed to register for the elections by going to their nearest Filipino Embassy.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> (COMELEC) recorded a total of 68 million registered voters. The commission estimated an increase of three million voters for the 2025 elections, creating a total of 71 million voters registered to vote in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementation_of_Miru_Systems">Implementation of Miru Systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Implementation of Miru Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vote_counting_in_the_Philippines" title="Vote counting in the Philippines">Vote counting in the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smartmatic#Controversies" title="Smartmatic">Smartmatic § Controversies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disqualification_of_Smartmatic">Disqualification of Smartmatic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disqualification of Smartmatic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 29, 2023, the COMELEC disqualified <a href="/wiki/Smartmatic" title="Smartmatic">Smartmatic</a> from all procurement processes conducted by the agency amid the company's involvement with the alleged bribery schemes concerning COMELEC Chairman <a href="/wiki/Andres_Bautista" title="Andres Bautista">Andres Bautista</a>, citing an "imminent threat to the strength and integrity" of the country's electoral process.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_bidding_for_the_automated_voting_system">Public bidding for the automated voting system</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public bidding for the automated voting system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE;_March_11,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE%3B_March_11%2C_2024.jpg/220px-Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE%3B_March_11%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE%3B_March_11%2C_2024.jpg/330px-Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE%3B_March_11%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Signing_of_FASTrAC_for_2025_NLE%3B_March_11%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>COMELEC and Miru Systems sign the ₱17.9 billion contract for the FASTrAC project.</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 14, COMELEC conducted its first public bidding for a contract for the full automation system with the transparency audit count (FASTrAC) project amounting to a maximum of <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>18.827 billion</span>. The South Korean firm Miru Systems was the sole bidder for the contract in the first round of bidding; its bid for the contract was rejected due to issues with its associated documents.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, on December 25, 2023, election watchdog Democracy Watch Philippines urged COMELEC to review Miru Systems' bid for the FASTrAC, expressing concern over electoral failures in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Iraq whose elections Miru Systems oversaw.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company denied such failures, asserting that the two countries had "continued to show trust" in the company.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second round of bidding was conducted on January 8, 2024, in which six companies expressed interest in placing a bid.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the six companies, only Miru Systems submitted a bid for the contract.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its second bid, the company was deemed eligible in its bid after fully complying with the required documents.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COMELEC began its post-qualification evaluation of Miru Systems on January 23.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>COMELEC unanimously awarded the contract for the lease of automated vote counting machines (VCMs) to Miru Systems on February 21.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contract, amounting to ₱17.9 billion, was finalized on March 11.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reactions_and_aftermath">Reactions and aftermath</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reactions and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the contract was signed, <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Cagayan de Oro's 2nd congressional district">Cagayan de Oro 2nd district</a> House representative <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Rodriguez" title="Rufus Rodriguez">Rufus Rodriguez</a> criticized COMELEC for not obtaining the report lodged by Miru Systems' critics, deeming it a "big negligence".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her privilege speech, Senator <a href="/wiki/Risa_Hontiveros" title="Risa Hontiveros">Risa Hontiveros</a> cast doubt in the lack of bidders for the FASTrAC contract and raised the possibility of "bid suppression" in the bidding process.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Miru Systems' local partners, St. Timothy Construction Corporation, was subpoenaed by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Senate_Committee_on_Electoral_Reforms_and_People%27s_Participation" title="Philippine Senate Committee on Electoral Reforms and People's Participation">Senate Committee on Electoral Reforms</a> due to its ties to companies blacklisted by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Department of Public Works and Highways</a> and a "sudden infusion of money" into the company in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 17, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> ruled that the COMELEC committed a "grave abuse of discretion" in their disqualification of Smartmatic in bidding for the VCM contracts for the midterm election, but stated that its ruling does not nullify the bidding process that awarded Miru Systems the VCM contract, leaving the company as the provider of the VCMs for the election.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, COMELEC filed a motion of reconsideration to the court.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 100,000 VCMs will be replaced in preparation for the election.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 2nd congressional district">Rizal 2nd district</a> House representative <a href="/wiki/Dino_Tanjuatco" title="Dino Tanjuatco">Emigdio Tanjuatco III</a> called for the VCMs to be reused instead to allocate more funds to address the "high costs of goods".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smartmatic called for COMELEC to "utilize the warranty" of 93,977 precinct-based optical mark reader (OMR) machines and their accompanying election management system (EMS) that remain under the ownership of the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 9, <a href="/wiki/SAGIP_Partylist" title="SAGIP Partylist">SAGIP</a> House representative <a href="/wiki/Rodante_Marcoleta" title="Rodante Marcoleta">Rodante Marcoleta</a> alleged that Miru Systems bribed COMELEC to win its contract for the FASTrAC, attributing his claims to offshore bank accounts worth ₱120 million in deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garcia denied the allegations as "baseless", asserting that "he has no foreign bank account".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Garcia requested the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">National Bureau of Investigation</a> (NBI) to probe the individuals responsible for Marcoleta's allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 16, the Supreme Court <i><a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a></i> directed former Caloocan House representative <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Erice" title="Edgar Erice">Edgar Erice</a> to file comment on the confidentiality and protective gag order motion filed by Miru Systems on the 2025 poll case. Earlier, Erice filed a <i><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a></i> case against the ₱18-billion contract awarded by the COMELEC to Miru Systems.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erice also filed a motion with the court to cite COMELEC Chairman <a href="/wiki/George_Garcia" title="George Garcia">George Garcia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> for violation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sub_judice" title="Sub judice">sub judice</a></i> rule alleging Garcia's prohibited remarks on the pending case.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_contracts_awarded">Other contracts awarded</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other contracts awarded"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 8, the ₱1.4 billion contract to provide secure electronic transmission services (SETS) was awarded to a joint venture of iOne Resources Incorporated and Ardent Networks.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 25, a joint venture of Sequent Tech and SMS Global Technologies won the contract to deliver an online voting tool for overseas voting.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_amendments_to_the_1987_Constitution">Proposed amendments to the 1987 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Proposed amendments to the 1987 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_constitutional_reform_attempts_in_the_Philippines" title="2024 constitutional reform attempts in the Philippines">2024 constitutional reform attempts in the Philippines</a></div> <p>On February 8, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution Day (Philippines)">Constitution Day</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> affirmed his support for the efforts to amend the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Constitution">1987 Constitution</a> for "economic matters alone", pertaining to the Resolution of Both Houses No. 6 and 7, which largely aims to insert the phrase "unless otherwise provided by law" in select provisions to allow Congress to lift or relax present economic restrictions in the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marcos called for a constitutional plebiscite to be held in conjunction with the 2025 Philippine general election, noting the high costs of holding a separate vote.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garcia initially refused the notion of holding the plebiscite within the general election, citing a Supreme Court ruling prohibits the simultaneous conduct of a regular election and a constitutional plebiscite.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Garcia would later change his stance and support conducting the two votes at once, announcing plans to use new VCMs and extend voting hours in anticipation of a possible plebiscite.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schedule_of_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections">Schedule of barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Schedule of barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2023_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections#Postponement" title="2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections § Postponement</a></div> <p>On June 27, 2023, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that Republic Act 11935, which postponed <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Kabataan" title="Sangguniang Kabataan">Sangguniang Kabataan</a> elections scheduled in December 2022 to October 2023, was unconstitutional, but allowed the <a href="/wiki/2023_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections</a> (BSKE) elections to push through in its schedule, citing practical and legal implications.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In view of the decision, the Supreme Court also determined that the next BSKE elections will be held in December 1, 2025, while succeeding elections will be held every three years thereafter on the first Monday of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 17, Garcia filed a motion for reconsideration to the Supreme Court, seeking to move the 2025 BSKE elections to 2026 to ensure that the terms of the barangay officials elected in 2023 are "definite and regular".<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 8, 2024, Representative <a href="/wiki/Luis_Raymund_Villafuerte" title="Luis Raymund Villafuerte">Luis Raymund Villafuerte</a> filed House Bill 10344, which aims to postpone the next BSKE elections to October 26, 2026, arguing that a shortened term for barangay officials "diminishes the obligations" that they hold.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_reforms">Electoral reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electoral reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 12, 2023, Garcia proposed a "hybrid election system", which entails the use of both automated and manual election systems for the 2025 election.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On its rules for this election, the commission substantially reduced the time period for substitutions due to withdrawals to within the filing of candidacies. Previously, the commission allowed for substitutions after the filing of candidacies was done. The practice of placeholder candidates initially filing candidacies to buy time for the actual candidate was extensively used in recent elections. After the filing of candidacies, substitutions can only be allowed by death or disqualification.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_concerns">Security concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 21, 2023, Senator <a href="/wiki/Francis_Tolentino" title="Francis Tolentino">Francis Tolentino</a> urged COMELEC to formulate policies regulating <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) in campaign materials to uphold the "principle of truthfulness".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, on May 29, 2024, Garcia wrote to the COMELEC <i>en banc</i> seeking to prohibit the use of <a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">deepfakes</a> and AI in campaigning for the 2025 election following the circulation of a deepfake of President Marcos appearing to have ordered an attack on China amid tensions in the <a href="/wiki/West_Philippine_Sea" title="West Philippine Sea">West Philippine Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garcia's proposal was backed by Senators <a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a>, though the latter called for the commission to specify the policies on AI as soon as possible, remarking that "AI is evolving every day".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premature_campaigning">Premature campaigning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Premature campaigning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Center_for_Investigative_Journalism" title="Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism">Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism</a> (PCIJ) published research indicating at least 14 potential Senatorial candidates collectively spent a total of ₱3.5 million to boost their posts on Facebook. The PCIJ indicated that Senator <a href="/wiki/Bong_Go" title="Bong Go">Bong Go</a> spent ₱1 million alone on Facebook advertising, being followed by former Senator <a href="/wiki/Bam_Aquino" title="Bam Aquino">Bam Aquino</a> and Secretary <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Abalos_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Abalos Jr.">Benjamin Abalos Jr.</a> As such spending is not subject to electoral policy limiting campaign expenditures, Garcia moved to begin the ban on premature campaigning in October 2024, when candidates are due to file their candidacies for public office.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election-related_violence">Election-related violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Election-related violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 8, 2024, clashes between supporters of rival politicians on the last day of candidate registration in <a href="/wiki/Shariff_Aguak" title="Shariff Aguak">Shariff Aguak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a> left a <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangay</a> watchman dead and six people injured, one of them critically.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same day, an attempt was made to steal a certificate of candidacy at a COMELEC office in <a href="/wiki/Himamaylan" title="Himamaylan">Himamaylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 19, a candidate for municipal councilor in <a href="/wiki/Datu_Hoffer_Ampatuan" title="Datu Hoffer Ampatuan">Datu Hoffer Ampatuan</a>, Maguindanao del Sur, was shot dead in an ambush by unidentified suspects that also injured his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 17, a candidate for vice mayor was shot dead in <a href="/wiki/Tantangan" title="Tantangan">Tantangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Philippines, congressional and local elections, excluding the regional and barangay levels, have been synchronized to be held on the second Monday of May every three years, starting in 1992. Presidents and vice presidents have six-year terms, so they are only elected in even-numbered years (1992, 1998, and so on). Elections where the presidency is not on the ballot are called <a href="/wiki/Midterm_election" title="Midterm election">midterm elections</a>, and occur in odd-numbered years (1995, 2001, and so on).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every seat up for election is voted on separately. Since 2010, general elections have been <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">automated</a>, with voters shading an oval next to their chosen candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For executive positions, elections are decided via the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> (FPTP) system, where the voter has one choice. Elections to the Senate and local legislatures are held via <a href="/wiki/Multiple_non-transferable_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple non-transferable vote">multiple non-transferable vote</a>, where the voter has <i>x</i> number of choices depending on the number of seats up for election (12 in the case of the Senate), and the <i>x</i> candidates with the highest number of votes win. For House elections, each voter has <a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">two votes</a>, one via FPTP, and the other via a modified <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elections are organized, run, and adjudicated by the COMELEC, an independent governmental body.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appeals are allowed under certain conditions to the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Courts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a>, sitting as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_Electoral_Tribunal" title="House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal">House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Electoral_Tribunal" title="Senate Electoral Tribunal">Senate Electoral Tribunal</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Electoral_Tribunal" title="Presidential Electoral Tribunal">Presidential Electoral Tribunal</a> depending on the election being appealed.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schedule">Schedule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Schedule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 29, 2024, COMELEC released the schedule for activities on the conduct of the 2025 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Activity </th> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr> <td>Voter registration </td> <td>February 12, 2024 </td> <td rowspan="2">September 30, 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Overseas voter registration </td> <td>December 9, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holding of <a href="/wiki/Party_conference" title="Party conference">political conventions</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">September 1, 2024</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">September 28, 2024</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filing of certificates of candidacies </td> <td>October 1, 2024 </td> <td>October 8, 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot </td> <td colspan="2">October 8, 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Election period <ul><li>Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms</li> <li>Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials</li></ul> </td> <td>January 12, 2025 </td> <td>June 11, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Campaign period for nationally elected positions </td> <td>February 11, 2025 </td> <td rowspan="2">May 10, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Campaign period for locally elected positions </td> <td>March 28, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Voting for overseas voters</b> </td> <td><b>April 13, 2025</b> </td> <td><b>May 12, 2025</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Election_silence" title="Election silence">Election silence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>) </td> <td>April 17, 2025 </td> <td>April 18, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines</b> </td> <td><b>April 28, 2025</b> </td> <td><b>April 30, 2025</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liquor ban </td> <td>May 11, 2025 </td> <td>May 12, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Election_day" title="Election day">Election day</a>; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>May 12, 2025</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Term of office of winning candidates for local officials and House representatives </td> <td rowspan="2">June 30, 2025 </td> <td>June 30, 2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Term of office of winning candidates for senators </td> <td>June 30, 2031 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parties_and_coalitions">Parties and coalitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Parties and coalitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">List of political parties in the Philippines</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in the Philippines">Political parties in the Philippines</a> forge political coalitions and alliances in the run-up to the general election as part of the country's <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. The coalitions and alliances listed below are ordered alphabetically and reflect political agreements and endorsements as of June 2024. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Parties and coalitions participating in the 2025 Philippine general election </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Coalition </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Parties endorsed </th> <th>Current <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House</a> Seats<sup id="cite_ref-totalseats_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-totalseats-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Current <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a> Seats<sup id="cite_ref-totalseats_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-totalseats-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#207096;"> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alyansa_para_sa_Bagong_Pilipinas" title="Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas">Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas</a></b><br />Formed May 8, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="color:#0D5F31;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a> (PFP)</li> <li><span style="color:#B0E0E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas–CMD</a></li> <li><span style="color:#98fb98;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a> (NP)</li> <li><span style="color:#104a21;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Philippines)" title="National Unity Party (Philippines)">National Unity Party</a> (NUP)</li> <li><span style="color:#4AA02C;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">Nationalist People's Coalition</a> (NPC)</li></ul> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">187 / 318</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #207096; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #207096; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#f0e68c;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)"><b>Liberal Party</b></a><br />Announced February 22, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="color:#FE0000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Akbayan" title="Akbayan">Akbayan</a></li> <li><span style="color:#E50A4D;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Katipunan_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipino" title="Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino">Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino</a> (KANP)</li> <li><span style="color:#f0e68c;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a> (LP)</li></ul> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 318</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #f0e68c; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #f0e68c; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#29176E;"> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Makabayan" title="Makabayan">Makabayan</a></b><br />Announced June 26, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-:2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="color:#ADD8E6;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/ACT_Teachers" class="mw-redirect" title="ACT Teachers">ACT Teachers</a></li> <li><span style="color:#800080;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Women%27s_Party" title="Gabriela Women's Party">GABRIELA</a></li> <li><span style="color:#00008b;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kabataan_Partylist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabataan Partylist">Kabataan Partylist</a></li> <li><span style="color:#BF0C0C;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Muna" title="Bayan Muna">Bayan Muna</a></li></ul> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 318</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #29176E; width: 0.9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #29176E; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ffd700;"> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_Pilipino" title="Partido Demokratiko Pilipino">Partido Demokratiko Pilipino</a></b><br />Announced April 19, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-:0_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><span style="color:#CE1126;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugpong_ng_Pagbabago" title="Hugpong ng Pagbabago">Hugpong ng Pagbabago</a> (HNP)</li> <li><span style="color:#ffd700;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_Pilipino" title="Partido Demokratiko Pilipino">Partido Demokratiko Pilipino</a> (PDP)</li> <li><span style="color:#cc0000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma</a> (PDR)</li> <li><span style="color:#B10305;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pederalismo_ng_Dugong_Dakilang_Samahan" title="Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan">Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan</a> (PDDS)</li></ul> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 318</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ffd700; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ffd700; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_to_be_held">Elections to be held</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Elections to be held"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>COMELEC noted a total of 18,271 positions up for election in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election will determine the composition of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Congress of the Philippines">20th Congress of the Philippines</a>, set to take office on June 30, 2025, for a term ending on June 30, 2028.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2025 Philippine Senate election">2025 Philippine Senate election</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a>, 12 of 24 seats are up for election. The seats up for election were previously contested in <a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2019 Philippine Senate election">2019</a> and will be contested again in 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a>, all 317 seats are up for election; these includes the 254 seats represent <a href="/wiki/Congressional_districts_of_the_Philippines" title="Congressional districts of the Philippines">geographic congressional districts</a> while 63 seats are apportioned among <a href="/wiki/Party-list_representation_in_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines">party-lists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Local elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_local_elections" title="2025 Philippine local elections">2025 Philippine local elections</a></div> <p>Local elections above the barangay level will also be held, with the following positions being contested, excluding sectoral seats:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>All 82 governors and vice governors, and 792 out of 1,038 provincial board members</li> <li>All 149 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,690 out of 1,988 city councilors</li> <li>All 1,493 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,948 out of 14,934 municipal councilors</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangsamoro_Parliament">Bangsamoro Parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bangsamoro Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2025_Bangsamoro_Parliament_election" title="2025 Bangsamoro Parliament election">2025 Bangsamoro Parliament election</a></div> <p>There are 80 seats in the Bangsamoro Parliament, which be contested for the first time within this election after the inaugural election for the legislature was postponed to 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 80 seats, 40 are elected through <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, 32 are elected by <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a>, and eight are reserved for sectoral representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-electoral29_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electoral29-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 7 seats allocated for Sulu would not be included, as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> ruled its exclusion from the Bangsamoro in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eight sectoral representatives, only four shall be elected on this day, with the other four being decided upon in conventions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-totalseats-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-totalseats_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-totalseats_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Total seats held by the endorsed parties</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Philippine_general_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Philippines" title="Referendums in the Philippines">referendums</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1898_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1898 Philippine legislative election">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1907 Philippine Assembly elections">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1909 Philippine Assembly elections">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1912 Philippine Assembly elections">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1916 Philippine Assembly elections">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1919 Philippine legislative election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1922 Philippine legislative election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1925 Philippine legislative election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1928 Philippine legislative election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_Philippine_legislative_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 Philippine legislative election (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Philippine_legislative_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Philippine legislative election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Philippine_general_election" title="1935 Philippine general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Philippine_general_election" title="1941 Philippine general election">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1943 Philippine legislative election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Philippine_general_election" title="1946 Philippine general election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Philippine_general_election" title="1949 Philippine general election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Philippine_general_election" title="1953 Philippine general election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Philippine_general_election" title="1957 Philippine general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Philippine_general_election" title="1961 Philippine general election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_general_election" title="1965 Philippine general election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_general_election" title="1969 Philippine general election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1984 Philippine parliamentary election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1987 Philippine legislative election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_general_election" title="1995 Philippine general election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Philippine_general_election" title="2001 Philippine general election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_general_election" title="2004 Philippine general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_general_election" title="2016 Philippine general election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_general_election" title="2019 Philippine general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_general_election" title="2022 Philippine general election">2022</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1935_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1935 Philippine presidential election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1941 Philippine presidential election">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1946 Philippine presidential election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1949 Philippine presidential election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1953 Philippine presidential election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1957 Philippine presidential election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1961 Philippine presidential election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1965 Philippine presidential election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1969 Philippine presidential election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1916 Philippine Senate elections">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1919 Philippine Senate elections">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1922 Philippine Senate elections">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1925 Philippine Senate elections">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1928 Philippine Senate elections">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1931 Philippine Senate elections">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1934 Philippine Senate elections">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1941 Philippine Senate election">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1946 Philippine Senate election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1947 Philippine Senate election">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1949 Philippine Senate election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1951 Philippine Senate election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1953 Philippine Senate election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1955 Philippine Senate election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1957 Philippine Senate election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1959 Philippine Senate election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1961 Philippine Senate election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1963 Philippine Senate election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1965 Philippine Senate election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1967 Philippine Senate election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1969 Philippine Senate election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1971 Philippine Senate election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1992 Philippine Senate election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1995 Philippine Senate election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1998 Philippine Senate election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2001 Philippine Senate election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2004 Philippine Senate election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2007 Philippine Senate election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2013 Philippine Senate election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2016 Philippine Senate election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2019 Philippine Senate election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2022 Philippine Senate election">2022</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2025 Philippine Senate election">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1898_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1898 Philippine legislative election">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1907 Philippine Assembly elections">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1909 Philippine Assembly elections">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1912 Philippine Assembly elections">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1916 Philippine Assembly elections">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1919 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1922 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1925 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1928 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1931 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1934 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1935 Philippine legislative election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1938 Philippine legislative election">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1941 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1943 Philippine legislative election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1949 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1953 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1957 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1961 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1965 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1969 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1984 Philippine parliamentary election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1987 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1995 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2001 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2004 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2007 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2022</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(Philippines)" title="Constitutional convention (Philippines)">Constitutional conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1934_Philippine_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1934 Philippine Constitutional Convention election">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Philippine_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1970 Philippine Constitutional Convention election">1970</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Philippines" title="Local government in the Philippines">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1895_Philippine_municipal_elections" title="1895 Philippine municipal elections">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Philippine_local_elections" title="1899 Philippine local elections">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Philippine_local_elections" title="1905 Philippine local elections">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1909_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1909 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Philippine_local_elections" title="1937 Philippine local elections">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Philippine_local_elections" title="1980 Philippine local elections">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Philippine_local_elections" title="1988 Philippine local elections">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Philippine_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Philippine local elections (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_local_elections" title="2013 Philippine local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_local_elections" title="2016 Philippine local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_local_elections" title="2019 Philippine local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_local_elections" title="2022 Philippine local elections">2022</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_local_elections" title="2025 Philippine local elections">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_Philippine_barrio_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 Philippine barrio elections (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_Philippine_barrio_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 Philippine barrio elections (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Philippine_barrio_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Philippine barrio elections (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_Philippine_barrio_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 Philippine barrio elections (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_Philippine_barrio_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 Philippine barrio elections (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="1982 Philippine barangay elections">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="1989 Philippine barangay elections">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="1994 Philippine barangay elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="1997 Philippine barangay elections">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2002 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2007 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="2013 Philippine barangay elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2018 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" title="2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1599_Philippines_sovereignty_referendums" title="1599 Philippines sovereignty referendums">1599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1935 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Philippine_women%27s_suffrage_plebiscite" title="1937 Philippine women's suffrage plebiscite">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1939 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscites" title="1940 Philippine constitutional plebiscites">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1947 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1967 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1973 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Philippine_martial_law_referendum" title="1973 Philippine martial law referendum">1973 (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Philippine_executive_and_legislative_powers_referendum" title="1975 Philippine executive and legislative powers referendum">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Philippine_constitutional_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Philippine constitutional referendum">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Philippine_presidential_referendum" title="1977 Philippine presidential referendum">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1981 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1981 (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1984 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1987</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_the_Philippines" title="List of elections in the Philippines">Per year</a></li> <li>Per type <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Presidential elections in the Philippines">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Senate_elections" title="Philippine Senate elections">Senatorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangay_elections" title="Barangay elections">Barangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_elections_in_the_Philippines" title="List of special elections in the Philippines">Special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_local_elections" title="Template:Philippine local elections">Local elections and plebiscites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2025_Philippine_general_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2025_Philippine_general_election" title="Template:2025 Philippine general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2025_Philippine_general_election" title="Template talk:2025 Philippine general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2025_Philippine_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2025 Philippine general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2025_Philippine_general_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025 Philippine general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_general_election" title="2022 Philippine general election">2022</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint">2028 →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2025 Philippine Senate election">Summary</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2025_Philippine_Senate_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2025 Philippine Senate election">Polling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections">Summary</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retiring_and_term-limited_incumbents_in_the_2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Retiring and term-limited incumbents in the 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections">Retiring and term-limited incumbents</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party-list</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nominees_in_the_2025_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_party-list_election" title="Nominees in the 2025 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election">Nominees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Philippines" title="Local government in the Philippines">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Luzon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Batangas_local_elections" title="2025 Batangas local elections">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Laguna_local_elections" title="2025 Laguna local elections">Laguna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Santa_Cruz,_Laguna_local_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2025 Santa Cruz, Laguna local elections">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Naga,_Camarines_Sur,_local_elections" title="2025 Naga, Camarines Sur, local elections">Naga City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metro Manila</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Caloocan_local_elections" title="2025 Caloocan local elections">Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Las_Pi%C3%B1as_local_elections" title="2025 Las Piñas local elections">Las Piñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Makati_local_elections" title="2025 Makati local elections">Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Manila_local_elections" title="2025 Manila local elections">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Marikina_local_elections" title="2025 Marikina local elections">Marikina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Para%C3%B1aque_local_elections" title="2025 Parañaque local elections">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Pasig_local_elections" title="2025 Pasig local elections">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Taguig_local_elections" title="2025 Taguig local elections">Taguig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visayas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Bohol_local_elections" title="2025 Bohol local elections">Bohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mindanao</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Iligan_local_elections" title="2025 Iligan local elections">Iligan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Congress of the Philippines">20th Congress of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Philippine_barangay_and_Sangguniang_Kabataan_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2025 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections">2025 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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