Search results for: glandularity

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glandularity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: glandularity"> <meta name="keywords" content="glandularity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="glandularity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: glandularity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Assessing Relationships between Glandularity and Gray Level by Using Breast Phantoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Xuan%20Tang">Yun-Xuan Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Yuan%20Liu"> Pei-Yuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Mu%20Lu"> Kun-Mu Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Tsung%20Tseng"> Min-Tsung Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Kuang%20Chen"> Liang-Kuang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuh-Feng%20Tsai"> Yuh-Feng Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wen%20Lee"> Ching-Wen Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Wu"> Jay Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is predominant of malignant tumors in females. The increase in the glandular density increases the risk of breast cancer. BI-RADS is a frequently used density indicator in mammography; however, it significantly overestimates the glandularity. Therefore, it is very important to accurately and quantitatively assess the glandularity by mammography. In this study, 20%, 30% and 50% glandularity phantoms were exposed using a mammography machine at 28, 30 and 31 kVp, and 30, 55, 80 and 105 mAs, respectively. The regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn to assess the gray level. The relationship between the glandularity and gray level under various compression thicknesses, kVp, and mAs was established by the multivariable linear regression. A phantom verification was performed with automatic exposure control (AEC). The regression equation was obtained with an R-square value of 0.928. The average gray levels of the verification phantom were 8708, 8660 and 8434 for 0.952, 0.963 and 0.985 g/cm3, respectively. The percent differences of glandularity to the regression equation were 3.24%, 2.75% and 13.7%. We concluded that the proposed method could be clinically applied in mammography to improve the glandularity estimation and further increase the importance of breast cancer screening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammography" title="mammography">mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glandularity" title=" glandularity"> glandularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20value" title=" gray value"> gray value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BI-RADS" title=" BI-RADS"> BI-RADS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60797/assessing-relationships-between-glandularity-and-gray-level-by-using-breast-phantoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Estimation of Normalized Glandular Doses Using a Three-Layer Mammographic Phantom </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuan-Jen%20Lai">Kuan-Jen Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang-Yi%20Lin"> Fang-Yi Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shang-Rong%20Huang"> Shang-Rong Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Zheng%20Zeng"> Yun-Zheng Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Chieh%20Hsu"> Po-Chieh Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Wu"> Jay Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The normalized glandular dose (DgN) estimates the energy deposition of mammography in clinical practice. The Monte Carlo simulations frequently use uniformly mixed phantom for calculating the conversion factor. However, breast tissues are not uniformly distributed, leading to errors of conversion factor estimation. This study constructed a three-layer phantom to estimated more accurate of normalized glandular dose. In this study, MCNP code (Monte Carlo N-Particles code) was used to create the geometric structure. We simulated three types of target/filter combinations (Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, Rh/Rh), six voltages (25 ~ 35 kVp), six HVL parameters and nine breast phantom thicknesses (2 ~ 10 cm) for the three-layer mammographic phantom. The conversion factor for 25%, 50% and 75% glandularity was calculated. The error of conversion factors compared with the results of the American College of Radiology (ACR) was within 6%. For Rh/Rh, the difference was within 9%. The difference between the 50% average glandularity and the uniform phantom was 7.1% ~ -6.7% for the Mo/Mo combination, voltage of 27 kVp, half value layer of 0.34 mmAl, and breast thickness of 4 cm. According to the simulation results, the regression analysis found that the three-layer mammographic phantom at 0% ~ 100% glandularity can be used to accurately calculate the conversion factors. The difference in glandular tissue distribution leads to errors of conversion factor calculation. The three-layer mammographic phantom can provide accurate estimates of glandular dose in clinical practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title="Monte Carlo simulation">Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammography" title=" mammography"> mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20glandular%20dose" title=" normalized glandular dose"> normalized glandular dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glandularity" title=" glandularity"> glandularity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97111/estimation-of-normalized-glandular-doses-using-a-three-layer-mammographic-phantom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Comparison of Different Calcification Types in Dual Energy Breast Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaia%20N.%20Koukou">Vaia N. Koukou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niki%20D.%20Martini"> Niki D. Martini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20P.%20Fountos"> George P. Fountos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christos%20M.%20Michail"> Christos M. Michail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Bakas"> Athanasios Bakas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20S.%20Kandarakis"> Ioannis S. Kandarakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20C.%20Nikiforidis"> George C. Nikiforidis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various substitute materials of calcifications are used in phantom measurements and simulation studies in mammography. These include calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, hydroxyapatite and aluminum. The aim of this study is to compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values of the different calcification types using the dual energy method. The constructed calcification phantom consisted of three different calcification types and thicknesses: hydroxyapatite, calcite and calcium oxalate of 100, 200, 300 thicknesses. The breast tissue equivalent materials were polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate slabs simulating adipose tissue and glandular tissue, respectively. The total thickness was 4.2 cm with 50% fixed glandularity. The low- (LE) and high-energy (HE) images were obtained from a tungsten anode using 40 kV filtered with 0.1 mm cadmium and 70 kV filtered with 1 mm copper, respectively. A high resolution complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) X-ray detector was used. The total mean glandular dose (MGD) and entrance surface dose (ESD) from the LE and HE images were constrained to typical levels (MGD=1.62 mGy and ESD=1.92 mGy). On average, the CNR of hydroxyapatite calcifications was 1.4 times that of calcite calcifications and 2.5 times that of calcium oxalate calcifications. The higher CNR values of hydroxyapatite are attributed to its attenuation properties compared to the other calcification materials, leading to higher contrast in the dual energy image. This work was supported by Grant 螘.040 from the Research Committee of the University of Patras (Programme K. Karatheodori). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcification%20materials" title="calcification materials">calcification materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNR" title=" CNR"> CNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20energy" title=" dual energy"> dual energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-rays" title=" X-rays"> X-rays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63600/contrast-to-noise-ratio-comparison-of-different-calcification-types-in-dual-energy-breast-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

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Search results for: glandularity