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href="#Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrovirus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrovirus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Retrovirus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrovirus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germ_Theory_of_Infectious_Diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germ_Theory_of_Infectious_Diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germ_Theory_of_Infectious_Diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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Viruses must reproduce by infecting living cells and using the living cells machinery to produce new viruses. These infectious agents can either contain <b>DNA</b> or <b>RNA</b> as their genetic material, and also contain a protein coat, known as <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/capsid" class="extiw" title="w:capsid">capsid</a></b>. They are also very specific in the cells that they infect, each virus infecting specific cells either infect them through a lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. According to Kurtzgesagt, a virus is a hull around genetic material. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Types"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacteriophages">Bacteriophages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bacteriophages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bacteriophages"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacteriophage" class="extiw" title="w:bacteriophage">bacteriophage</a></b> is a virus that infects <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacteria" class="extiw" title="w:bacteria">bacteria</a> and usually has a helical structure or an icosahedral structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_Viruses">Plant Viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plant Viruses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Plant Viruses"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus" class="extiw" title="w:Plant virus">plant virus</a></b> is a virus that infects plants. They usually have a rod/polyhedral shape. The best-known plant virus is the rod-shaped <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tobacco-mosaic_virus" class="extiw" title="w:tobacco-mosaic virus">tobacco-mosaic virus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses"><span id="Animal_.28Eukaryotic.29_Viruses"></span>Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_virus" class="extiw" title="w:Animal virus">animal virus</a></b>, example being: <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a>, is a virus that infects animals. Usually, these viruses have a helical/icosahedral structure and can be "naked" or "envelope". Naked viruses have a protein capsid but no lipid envelope, which "envelope" can mean a lipid envelope that the virus develops when it leaves the host cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrovirus">Retrovirus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Retrovirus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Retrovirus"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/retrovirus" class="extiw" title="w:retrovirus">retrovirus</a></b> is a virus that contains RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material. RNA must be converted back to DNA--once changed, DNA is then inserted into DNA of the host cell. This requires an enzyme known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reverse-transcriptase" class="extiw" title="w:reverse-transcriptase">reverse-transcriptase</a> so that RNA can be copied back to RNA. A good example of a retrovirus is HIV. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germ_Theory_of_Infectious_Diseases">Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/220px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/330px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/440px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3713" data-file-height="4231" /></a><figcaption>Girolamo Fracastoro</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" class="extiw" title="w:Germ theory of disease">Germ theory of disease</a></b> is an accepted scientific theory relating to germs proposed by Italian scientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Fracastoro" class="extiw" title="w:Girolamo Fracastoro">Girolamo Fracastoro</a>. The theory states that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. </p> <dl><dt>Five Ways to Contract a Disease</dt></dl> <ol><li>Viruses</li> <li>Bacteria</li> <li>Protists</li> <li>Fungi</li> <li>Worms</li> <li>Coughing or sneezing near an uninfected person if the person who ejects their mucus is infected.</li></ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810">https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Viruses" title="Category:Viruses">Viruses</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 07:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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