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<ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gastrointestinal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastrointestinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gastrointestinal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastrointestinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sites_and_metastases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sites_and_metastases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other sites and metastases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sites_and_metastases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goblet_cell_carcinoid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goblet_cell_carcinoid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Goblet cell carcinoid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goblet_cell_carcinoid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cause</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_organisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other organisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ورم سرطاوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورم سرطاوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoide" title="Carcinoide – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carcinoide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karzinoid" title="Karzinoid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karzinoid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_carcinoide" title="Tumor carcinoide – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tumor carcinoide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کارسینوئید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارسینوئید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumeur_carcino%C3%AFde" title="Tumeur carcinoïde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tumeur carcinoïde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Կարցինոիդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարցինոիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoide" title="Carcinoide – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carcinoide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93" title="קרצינואיד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרצינואיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="カルチノイド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルチノイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%A1" title="କାରସିନଏଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାରସିନଏଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakowiak" title="Rakowiak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rakowiak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_carcinoide" title="Tumor carcinoide – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tumor carcinoide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karcinoidni_tumor" title="Karcinoidni tumor – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Karcinoidni tumor" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karcinoid" title="Karcinoid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karcinoid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புற்றனையம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புற்றனையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4" title="Карциноїд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карциноїд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%8C" title="類癌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="類癌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chancroid" title="Chancroid">Chancroid</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Carcinoid is sometimes a type of <a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinoma</a> but is more often benign.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Carcinoid</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg/220px-Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg/330px-Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg/440px-Multiple_Carcinoid_Tumors_of_the_Small_Bowel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Picture of a <b>carcinoid tumor</b> (center of image) that encroaches into the lumen of the <a href="/wiki/Small_bowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Small bowel">small bowel</a> (pathology specimen). The prominent folds are <a href="/wiki/Plicae_circulares" class="mw-redirect" title="Plicae circulares">plicae circulares</a>, a characteristic of the small bowel.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>carcinoid</b> (also <b>carcinoid tumor</b>) is a slow-growing<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17576444_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17576444-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> type of <a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Neuroendocrine tumor">neuroendocrine tumor</a> originating in the cells of the <a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrine_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroendocrine system">neuroendocrine system</a>. In some cases, <a href="/wiki/Metastasis" title="Metastasis">metastasis</a> may occur. Carcinoid tumors of the midgut (<a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermiform_appendix" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermiform appendix">appendix</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">cecum</a>) are associated with <a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">carcinoid syndrome</a>. </p><p>Sometimes, carcinoids cause <a href="/wiki/Paraneoplastic_syndrome" title="Paraneoplastic syndrome">paraneoplastic syndromes</a>, which involve discharge of <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Vasoactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasoactive">vasoactive</a> substances from well-differentiated carcinoids.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A neuroendocrine paraneoplastic syndrome involves neoplastic secretion of functional <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">growth factors</a>, and/or immune <a href="/wiki/Cross-reactivity" title="Cross-reactivity">cross-reactivity</a> between tumor tissues and normal host tissues, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndrome</a> of clinical signs and symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carcinoid tumors are the most common malignant tumor of the appendix, but they are most commonly associated with the small intestine, and they can also be found in the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>. They are known to grow in the liver, but this finding is usually a manifestation of metastatic disease from a primary carcinoid occurring elsewhere in the body. They have a very slow growth rate compared to most malignant tumors. The median age at diagnosis for all patients with neuroendocrine tumors is 63 years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carcinoid_cancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Carcinoid_cancer.jpg/240px-Carcinoid_cancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Carcinoid_cancer.jpg/360px-Carcinoid_cancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Carcinoid_cancer.jpg/480px-Carcinoid_cancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Primary site of a carcinoid cancer of gut</figcaption></figure> <p>While most carcinoids are asymptomatic through the natural life and are discovered only upon surgery for unrelated reasons (so-called <i>coincidental carcinoids</i>), all carcinoids are considered to have malignant potential. </p><p>About 10% of carcinoids secrete excessive levels of a range of <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a>, most notably serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), causing: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">Flushing</a> (serotonin itself does not cause flushing). Potential causes of flushing in carcinoid syndrome include bradykinins, prostaglandins, tachykinins, substance P, and/or histamine, diarrhea, and heart problems. Because of serotonin's growth-promoting effect on cardiac myocytes, a serotonin-secreting carcinoid tumour may cause a tricuspid valve disease syndrome, due to the proliferation of myocytes onto the valve.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Wheezing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_abdomen" title="Acute abdomen">Abdominal cramping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_edema" title="Peripheral edema">Peripheral edema</a></li></ul> <p>The outflow of serotonin can cause a depletion of <a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">tryptophan</a> leading to <a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">niacin</a> deficiency. <a href="/wiki/Niacin_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin deficiency">Niacin deficiency</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Pellagra" title="Pellagra">pellagra</a>, is associated with dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. </p><p>This constellation of symptoms is called <i><a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">carcinoid syndrome</a></i> or (if acute) <i>carcinoid crisis</i>. Occasionally, <a href="/wiki/Haemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhage">haemorrhage</a> or the effects of tumor bulk are the presenting symptoms. The most common originating site of carcinoid is the small bowel, particularly the ileum; carcinoid tumors are the most common malignancy of the appendix. Carcinoid tumors may rarely arise from the ovary or thymus.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are most commonly found in the <a href="/wiki/Midgut" title="Midgut">midgut</a> at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a> or in the <a href="/wiki/Vermiform_appendix" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermiform appendix">appendix</a>. The next most commonly affected area is the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract" title="Respiratory tract">respiratory tract</a>, with 28% of all cases—per PAN-SEER data (1973–1999). The <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a> is also a common site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastrointestinal">Gastrointestinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gastrointestinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Small intestine neuroendocrine tumor">Small intestine neuroendocrine tumor</a></div><p>Carcinoid tumors are <a href="/wiki/Apudomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Apudomas">apudomas</a> that arise from the <a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin_cell" title="Enterochromaffin cell">enterochromaffin cells</a> throughout the gut. Over two-thirds of carcinoid tumors are found in the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12569593_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12569593-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lung">Lung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lung"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung,_prominent_rosettes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung%2C_prominent_rosettes.jpg/220px-Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung%2C_prominent_rosettes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung%2C_prominent_rosettes.jpg/330px-Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung%2C_prominent_rosettes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Typical_carcinoid_tumor_of_the_lung%2C_prominent_rosettes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Histopathology" title="Histopathology">Histopathology</a> of a typical carcinoid tumor of the lung, with prominent rosettes.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Typical_lung_carcinoid_tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Typical lung carcinoid tumor">Typical lung carcinoid tumor</a></div> <p>Carcinoid tumors are also found in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sites_and_metastases">Other sites and metastases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other sites and metastases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metastasis of carcinoid can lead to <a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">carcinoid syndrome</a>. This is due to the over-production of many substances, including <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>, which are released into the systemic circulation, and which can lead to symptoms of cutaneous flushing, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchoconstriction" title="Bronchoconstriction">bronchoconstriction</a>, and right-sided <a href="/wiki/Cardiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac">cardiac</a> <a href="/wiki/Heart_valve_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart valve disease">valve disease</a>. It is estimated that less than 6% of carcinoid patients will develop carcinoid syndrome, and of these, 50% will have cardiac involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goblet_cell_carcinoid">Goblet cell carcinoid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Goblet cell carcinoid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell_carcinoid" title="Goblet cell carcinoid">Goblet cell carcinoid</a></div> <p>This is considered to be a hybrid between an <a href="/wiki/Exocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Exocrine">exocrine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine">endocrine</a> tumor derived from crypt cells of the appendix. Histologically, it forms clusters of goblet cells containing mucin with a minor admixture of Paneth cells and endocrine cells. The growth pattern is distinctive: typically producing a concentric band of tumor nests interspersed among the <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stroma_(animal_tissue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroma (animal tissue)">stroma</a> of the appendiceal wall extending up the shaft of the appendix. This makes the lesion difficult to suspect grossly and difficult to measure. Small tumor nests may be camouflaged amongst the muscle or in periappendiceal fat; <a href="/wiki/Cytokeratin" title="Cytokeratin">cytokeratin</a> preparations best demonstrate the tumor cells; <a href="/wiki/Mucin" title="Mucin">mucin</a> stains are also helpful in identifying them. They behave in a more aggressive manner than do classical appendiceal carcinoids. Spread is usually to regional lymph nodes, <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a>, and particularly the ovary. They do not produce sufficient hormonal substances to cause carcinoid or other endocrine syndromes. In fact, they more closely resemble exocrine than endocrine tumors. The term 'crypt cell carcinoma' has been used for them, and though perhaps more accurate than considering them carcinoids, has not been a successful competitor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause">Cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carcinoid syndrome involves multiple tumors in one out of five males. The incidence of gastric carcinoids is increased in <a href="/wiki/Achlorhydria" title="Achlorhydria">achlorhydria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pernicious_anemia" title="Pernicious anemia">pernicious anemia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a>, if feasible, is the only curative therapy. If the tumor has metastasized (most commonly, to the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>) and is considered incurable, there are some promising treatment modalities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical" title="Radiopharmaceutical">radiopharmaceuticals</a> <a href="/wiki/Lutetium_(177Lu)_DOTA-octreotate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium (177Lu) DOTA-octreotate">Lutetium (<sup>177</sup>Lu) DOTA-octreotate</a>) and 131I-mIBG (meta iodo benzyl guanidine<sup id="cite_ref-carcinoid.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carcinoid.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) for arresting the growth of the tumors and prolonging survival in patients with liver metastases, though these are currently experimental. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">Chemotherapy</a> is of little benefit and is generally not indicated. Octreotide or <a href="/wiki/Lanreotide" title="Lanreotide">lanreotide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a> analogues) may decrease the secretory activity of the carcinoid, and may also have an anti-proliferative effect. <a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a> treatment is also effective, and usually combined with somatostatin analogues. </p><p>As the metastatic potential of a coincidental carcinoid is probably low, the current recommendation is for follow up in 3 months with CT or MRI, labs for tumor markers such as serotonin, and a history and physical, with annual physicals thereafter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They were first characterized in 1907 by <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Oberndorfer" title="Siegfried Oberndorfer">Siegfried Oberndorfer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathologist">pathologist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a>, who coined the term <i>karzinoide</i>, or "carcinoma-like", to describe the unique feature of behaving like a <a href="/wiki/Benign_tumor" title="Benign tumor">benign tumor</a> despite having a <a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">malignant</a> appearance microscopically. The recognition of their endocrine-related properties was later described by Gosset and Masson in 1914, and these tumors are now known to arise from the enterochromaffin (EC) and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gut. Some sources credit <a href="/wiki/Otto_Lubarsch" title="Otto Lubarsch">Otto Lubarsch</a> with the discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10080850_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10080850-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> redefined "carcinoid", but this new definition has not been accepted by all practitioners.<sup id="cite_ref-cancer.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancer.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to some complexity in distinguishing between carcinoid and other neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. According to the American Cancer Society, the 2000 WHO definition states:<sup id="cite_ref-cancer.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancer.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>The WHO now divides these growths into neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine cancers. Neuroendocrine tumors are growths that look benign but that might possibly be able to spread to other parts of the body. Neuroendocrine cancers are abnormal growths of neuroendocrine cells which can spread to other parts of the body. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_organisms">Other organisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other organisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specific to <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, chronically reduced <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">gastric acid</a> secretion encourages carcinoid development.<sup id="cite_ref-Haschek-Rousseaux_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haschek-Rousseaux-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 812">: 812 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">Carcinoid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Meyer" title="Don Meyer">Don Meyer</a>, head coach emeritus of the Northern State University men's basketball team. Meyer was found to have carcinoid cancer following an automobile accident in September 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a>, professor and legal scholar, died of carcinoid cancer on October 5, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcinoid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid17576444-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17576444_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarounKochaKvols2006" class="citation journal cs1">Maroun J, Kocha W, Kvols L, et al. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carcinoid.org/content/medical-reviews">the original</a> on 2015-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+Reviews+%7C+The+Carcinoid+Cancer+Foundation&rft.date=2015-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carcinoid.org%2Fcontent%2Fmedical-reviews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarcinoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid10080850-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid10080850_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkeMayer1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kulke" title="Matthew Kulke">Kulke MH</a>, Mayer RJ (March 1999). 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Med.</a></i> <b>340</b> (11): 858–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199903183401107">10.1056/NEJM199903183401107</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10080850">10080850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N.+Engl.+J.+Med.&rft.atitle=Carcinoid+tumors&rft.volume=340&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=858-68&rft.date=1999-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199903183401107&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10080850&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=MH&rft.au=Mayer%2C+RJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarcinoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cancer.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cancer.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cancer.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105004344/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/gastrointestinalcarcinoidtumor/detailedguide/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumors-what-is-gastrointestinal-carcinoid">"ACS :: What Is a Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor?"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACS+%3A%3A+What+Is+a+Gastrointestinal+Carcinoid+Tumor%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2FCancer%2FGastrointestinalCarcinoidTumor%2FDetailedGuide%2Fgastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumors-what-is-gastrointestinal-carcinoid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarcinoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haschek-Rousseaux-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haschek-Rousseaux_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaschekRousseauxWallig2013" class="citation book cs1">Haschek, Wanda; Rousseaux, Colin; Wallig, Matthew (2013). <i>Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fc2010-1-67850-9">10.1016/c2010-1-67850-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-415759-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-415759-0"><bdi>978-0-12-415759-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haschek+and+Rousseaux%27s+Handbook+of+Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fc2010-1-67850-9&rft.isbn=978-0-12-415759-0&rft.aulast=Haschek&rft.aufirst=Wanda&rft.au=Rousseaux%2C+Colin&rft.au=Wallig%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarcinoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunninghamJanson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cunningham JL, Janson ET (2011). "The Hallmarks of Ileal Carcinoids". <i>Eur J Clin Invest</i>. <b>41</b> (12): 1353–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2362.2011.02537.x">10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02537.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21605115">21605115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31500259">31500259</a>.</cite><span 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1734755" class="extiw" title="d:Q1734755">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C75">C75</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/E34.0">E34.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=209.60">209.60</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology" title="International Classification of Diseases for Oncology">ICD-O</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://progenetix.org/subsets/?term_id=icdom:8240_3">M8240/3</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/114900">114900</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002276">D002276</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb2040.htm">2040</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000347.htm">000347</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/med/271-overview">med/271</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glandular_and_epithelial_cancer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Epithelial_neoplasms" title="Template:Epithelial neoplasms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Epithelial_neoplasms" title="Template talk:Epithelial neoplasms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Epithelial_neoplasms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Epithelial neoplasms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glandular_and_epithelial_cancer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Glandular and epithelial <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">Epithelium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papilloma" title="Papilloma">Papilloma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma" title="Small-cell carcinoma">Small-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_small-cell_lung_carcinoma" title="Combined small-cell lung carcinoma">Combined small-cell lung carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrucous_carcinoma" title="Verrucous carcinoma">Verrucous carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma" title="Basal-cell carcinoma">Basal-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_cell_carcinoma" title="Transitional cell carcinoma">Transitional cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_papilloma" title="Inverted papilloma">Inverted papilloma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_tumor" title="Mixed tumor">Complex epithelial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warthin%27s_tumor" title="Warthin's tumor">Warthin's tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymoma" title="Thymoma">Thymoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholin_gland_carcinoma" title="Bartholin gland carcinoma">Bartholin gland carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gland" title="Gland">Glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Adenomas/adenocarcinomas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adenoma" title="Adenoma">Adenomas</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">adenocarcinomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_neoplasm" title="Digestive system neoplasm">Gastrointestinal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>tract:</i> <a href="/wiki/Linitis_plastica" title="Linitis plastica">Linitis plastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_adenomatous_polyposis" title="Familial adenomatous polyposis">Familial adenomatous polyposis</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>pancreas</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulinoma" title="Insulinoma">Insulinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucagonoma" title="Glucagonoma">Glucagonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrinoma" title="Gastrinoma">Gastrinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPoma" title="VIPoma">VIPoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatostatinoma" title="Somatostatinoma">Somatostatinoma</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma" title="Cholangiocarcinoma">Cholangiocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klatskin_tumor" title="Klatskin tumor">Klatskin tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_adenoma" title="Hepatocellular adenoma">Hepatocellular adenoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urogenital_neoplasm" title="Urogenital neoplasm">Urogenital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma" title="Renal cell carcinoma">Renal cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometrioid_tumor" title="Endometrioid tumor">Endometrioid tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_oncocytoma" title="Renal oncocytoma">Renal oncocytoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_gland_neoplasm" title="Endocrine gland neoplasm">Endocrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolactinoma" title="Prolactinoma">Prolactinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia" title="Multiple endocrine neoplasia">Multiple endocrine neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenocortical_adenoma" title="Adrenocortical adenoma">Adrenocortical adenoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adrenocortical_carcinoma" title="Adrenocortical carcinoma">Adrenocortical carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrthle_cell" title="Hürthle cell">Hürthle cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Neuroendocrine tumor">Neuroendocrine tumor</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carcinoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenoid_cystic_carcinoma" title="Adenoid cystic carcinoma">Adenoid cystic carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncocytoma" title="Oncocytoma">Oncocytoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-cell_adenocarcinoma" title="Clear-cell adenocarcinoma">Clear-cell adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apudoma" title="Apudoma">Apudoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenoid_cystic_carcinoma" title="Adenoid cystic carcinoma">Cylindroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillary_hidradenoma" title="Papillary hidradenoma">Papillary hidradenoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adnexal and<br />skin appendage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>sweat gland</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidrocystoma" title="Hidrocystoma">Hidrocystoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringoma" title="Syringoma">Syringoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringocystadenoma_papilliferum" title="Syringocystadenoma papilliferum">Syringocystadenoma papilliferum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cystic,<br />mucinous,<br />and serous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cystic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystic">Cystic</a> general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystadenoma" title="Cystadenoma">Cystadenoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cystadenocarcinoma" title="Cystadenocarcinoma">Cystadenocarcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mucous_gland" title="Mucous gland">Mucinous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signet_ring_cell_carcinoma" title="Signet ring cell carcinoma">Signet ring cell carcinoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krukenberg_tumor" title="Krukenberg tumor">Krukenberg tumor</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Mucinous_cystadenoma" title="Mucinous cystadenoma">Mucinous cystadenoma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mucinous_cystadenocarcinoma" title="Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma">Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomyxoma_peritonei" title="Pseudomyxoma peritonei">Pseudomyxoma peritonei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma" title="Mucoepidermoid carcinoma">Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serous_gland" title="Serous gland">Serous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_serous_cystadenoma" title="Ovarian serous cystadenoma">Ovarian serous cystadenoma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_serous_cystadenoma" title="Pancreatic serous cystadenoma">Pancreatic serous cystadenoma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serous_cystadenocarcinoma" title="Serous cystadenocarcinoma">Serous cystadenocarcinoma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Papillary_serous_cystadenocarcinoma" title="Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma">Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma</a> </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ductal,<br />lobular,<br />and medullary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ductal_carcinoma" title="Ductal carcinoma">Ductal carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_ductal_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammary ductal carcinoma">Mammary ductal carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_ductal_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancreatic ductal carcinoma">Pancreatic ductal carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedocarcinoma" title="Comedocarcinoma">Comedocarcinoma</a></li> <li><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_the_breast" title="Paget's disease of the breast">Paget's disease of the breast</a> / <a href="/wiki/Extramammary_Paget%27s_disease" title="Extramammary Paget's disease">Extramammary Paget's disease</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lobular_carcinoma" title="Lobular carcinoma">Lobular carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lobular_carcinoma_in_situ" title="Lobular carcinoma in situ">Lobular carcinoma in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_lobular_carcinoma" title="Invasive lobular carcinoma">Invasive lobular carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medullary_carcinoma" title="Medullary carcinoma">Medullary carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medullary_breast_carcinoma" title="Medullary breast carcinoma">Medullary breast carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medullary_thyroid_cancer" title="Medullary thyroid cancer">Medullary thyroid cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acinus" title="Acinus">Acinar</a> cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acinic_cell_carcinoma" title="Acinic cell carcinoma">Acinic cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digestive_system_neoplasia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_neoplasia" title="Template:Digestive system neoplasia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_neoplasia" title="Template talk:Digestive system neoplasia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive_system_neoplasia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive system neoplasia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digestive_system_neoplasia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_neoplasm" title="Digestive system neoplasm">Digestive system neoplasia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">GI tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_alimentary_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper alimentary tract">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_cancer" title="Esophageal cancer">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous cell carcinoma">Squamous cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric carcinoma">Gastric carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signet_ring_cell_carcinoma" title="Signet ring cell carcinoma">Signet ring cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_lymphoma" title="Gastric lymphoma">Gastric lymphoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MALT_lymphoma" title="MALT lymphoma">MALT lymphoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linitis_plastica" title="Linitis plastica">Linitis plastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_diffuse_gastric_cancer" title="Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer">Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine_cancer" title="Small intestine cancer">Small intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duodenal_cancer" title="Duodenal cancer">Duodenal cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appendix_cancer" title="Appendix cancer">Appendix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carcinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomyxoma_peritonei" title="Pseudomyxoma peritonei">Pseudomyxoma peritonei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">Colon/rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_polyp" title="Colorectal polyp">Colorectal polyp</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_adenoma" title="Colorectal adenoma">adenoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperplastic_polyp" title="Hyperplastic polyp">hyperplastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_polyp" title="Juvenile polyp">juvenile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sessile_serrated_adenoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sessile serrated adenoma">sessile serrated adenoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_serrated_adenoma" title="Traditional serrated adenoma">traditional serrated adenoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peutz%E2%80%93Jeghers_syndrome" title="Peutz–Jeghers syndrome">Peutz–Jeghers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cronkhite%E2%80%93Canada_syndrome" title="Cronkhite–Canada syndrome">Cronkhite–Canada</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Polyposis syndromes:</i> <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_polyposis_syndrome" title="Juvenile polyposis syndrome">Juvenile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUTYH-associated_polyposis" title="MUTYH-associated polyposis">MUTYH-associated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_adenomatous_polyposis" title="Familial adenomatous polyposis">Familial adenomatous</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gardner%27s_syndrome" title="Gardner's syndrome">Gardner's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymerase_proofreading-associated_polyposis" title="Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis">Polymerase proofreading-associated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrated_polyposis_syndrome" title="Serrated polyposis syndrome">Serrated polyposis</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Neoplasm:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_adenomatous_polyposis" title="Familial adenomatous polyposis">Familial adenomatous polyposis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_nonpolyposis_colorectal_cancer" title="Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer">Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_cancer" title="Anal cancer">Anus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous cell carcinoma">Squamous cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper and/or lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_stromal_tumor" title="Gastrointestinal stromal tumor">Gastrointestinal stromal tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krukenberg_tumor" title="Krukenberg tumor">Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_digestive_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory digestive gland">Accessory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liver_tumor" title="Liver tumor">Liver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">malignant</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrolamellar_hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma">Fibrolamellar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoblastoma" title="Hepatoblastoma">Hepatoblastoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_angiosarcoma" title="Liver angiosarcoma">Liver angiosarcoma</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Benign_tumor" title="Benign tumor">benign</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_adenoma" title="Hepatocellular adenoma">Hepatocellular adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavernous_hemangioma" title="Cavernous hemangioma">Cavernous hemangioma</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">hyperplasia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Focal_nodular_hyperplasia" title="Focal nodular hyperplasia">Focal nodular hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodular_regenerative_hyperplasia" title="Nodular regenerative hyperplasia">Nodular regenerative hyperplasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biliary_tract" title="Biliary tract">Biliary tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">bile duct</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma" title="Cholangiocarcinoma">Cholangiocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klatskin_tumor" title="Klatskin tumor">Klatskin tumor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">gallbladder</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gallbladder_cancer" title="Gallbladder cancer">Gallbladder cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">Pancreas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Exocrine_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Exocrine pancreas">exocrine pancreas</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_ductal_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancreatic ductal carcinoma">Pancreatic ductal carcinoma</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">cystic</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">neoplasms</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Serous_microcystic_adenoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Serous microcystic adenoma">Serous microcystic adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraductal_papillary_mucinous_neoplasm" title="Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm">Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_mucinous_cystic_neoplasm" title="Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm">Mucinous cystic neoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_pseudopapillary_neoplasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm">Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatoblastoma" title="Pancreatoblastoma">Pancreatoblastoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">Peritoneum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_peritoneal_carcinoma" title="Primary peritoneal carcinoma">Primary peritoneal carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_mesothelioma" title="Peritoneal mesothelioma">Peritoneal mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmoplastic_small_round_cell_tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmoplastic small round cell tumor">Desmoplastic small round cell tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cancer_involving_the_respiratory_tract" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_neoplasia" title="Template:Respiratory neoplasia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Respiratory_neoplasia" title="Template talk:Respiratory neoplasia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Respiratory_neoplasia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Respiratory neoplasia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cancer_involving_the_respiratory_tract" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract" title="Respiratory tract">respiratory tract</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper respiratory tract">Upper RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">Nasal cavity</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esthesioneuroblastoma" title="Esthesioneuroblastoma">Esthesioneuroblastoma</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">Nasopharynx</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma" title="Nasopharyngeal carcinoma">Nasopharyngeal carcinoma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_angiofibroma" title="Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma">Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">Larynx</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_cancer" title="Laryngeal cancer">Laryngeal cancer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_papillomatosis" title="Laryngeal papillomatosis">Laryngeal papillomatosis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_respiratory_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower respiratory tract">Lower RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrate trachea">Trachea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tracheal_tumor" title="Tracheal tumor">Tracheal tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Lung</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-small-cell lung carcinoma">Non-small-cell lung carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma_of_the_lung" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma_of_the_lung" title="Adenocarcinoma of the lung">Adenocarcinoma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mucinous_cystadenocarcinoma_of_the_lung" title="Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the lung">Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-cell_lung_carcinoma" title="Large-cell lung carcinoma">Large-cell lung carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-cell_lung_carcinoma_with_rhabdoid_phenotype" title="Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype">Rhabdoid carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcomatoid_carcinoma" title="Sarcomatoid carcinoma">Sarcomatoid carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_pulmonary_carcinoid_tumour" title="Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumour">Carcinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland%E2%80%93like_carcinoma_of_the_lung" title="Salivary gland–like carcinoma of the lung">Salivary gland–like carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosquamous_carcinoma" title="Adenosquamous carcinoma">Adenosquamous carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillary_adenocarcinoma" title="Papillary adenocarcinoma">Papillary adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant-cell_carcinoma_of_the_lung" title="Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung">Giant-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaloid_squamous_cell_lung_carcinoma" title="Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma">Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma" title="Small-cell carcinoma">Small-cell carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_small-cell_lung_carcinoma" title="Combined small-cell lung carcinoma">Combined small-cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-<a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">Sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">Lymphoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immature_teratoma" title="Immature teratoma">Immature teratoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">Melanoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancoast_tumor" title="Pancoast tumor">Pancoast tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_pulmonary_nodule" class="mw-redirect" title="Solitary pulmonary nodule">Solitary pulmonary nodule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilum_of_lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilum of lung">Central lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchiole" title="Bronchiole">Peripheral lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchial_leiomyoma" title="Bronchial leiomyoma">Bronchial leiomyoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pleura" title="Pleura">Pleura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">Malignant</a> <a href="/wiki/Solitary_fibrous_tumor" title="Solitary fibrous tumor">solitary fibrous tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediastinum" title="Mediastinum">Mediastinum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediastinal_tumors" title="Mediastinal tumors">Mediastinal tumors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carcinoid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020159">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carcinoïde"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122663636">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carcinoïde"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122663636">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576160">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="karcinoidy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph386391&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283481705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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