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title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li 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aria-label="Cerca in Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Stato+della+materia" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Stato+della+materia" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-I_principali_stati_della_materia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_principali_stati_della_materia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>I principali stati della materia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-I_principali_stati_della_materia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione I principali stati della materia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-I_principali_stati_della_materia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Solido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Liquido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aeriforme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeriforme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Aeriforme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeriforme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Plasma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Condensato di Bose-Einstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_stati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_stati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Altri stati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_stati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambiamenti_di_stato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambiamenti_di_stato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cambiamenti di stato</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambiamenti_di_stato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stato della materia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 114 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toestand_van_materie" title="Toestand van materie - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toestand van materie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aggregatzustand" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_d%27a_materia" title="Estau d'a materia - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau d'a materia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حالة المادة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة المادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="পদাৰ্থৰ অৱস্থা - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থৰ অৱস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_d%27agregaci%C3%B3n_de_la_materia" title="Estáu d'agregación de la materia - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu d'agregación de la materia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madd%C9%99l%C9%99rin_aqreqat_hal%C4%B1" title="Maddələrin aqreqat halı - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maddələrin aqreqat halı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماده حالتلری - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماده حالتلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB" title="Агрегат хәл - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Агрегат хәл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medeguos_faz%C4%97" title="Medeguos fazė - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medeguos fazė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрэгатны стан - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агрэгатны стан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрэгатны стан - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агрэгатны стан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Агрегатно състояние - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Агрегатно състояние" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="পদার্থের অবস্থা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থের অবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B1" title="Бодосой түлэб - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бодосой түлэб" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria" title="Estat de la matèria - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de la matèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-c%C3%A9k_c%C3%A2ung-t%C3%A1i" title="Ŭk-cék câung-tái - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-cék câung-tái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95" title="دۆخی ماددە - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆخی ماددە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupenstv%C3%AD" title="Skupenství - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skupenství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Агрегатла тăрăм - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Агрегатла тăрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyflwr_mater" title="Cyflwr mater - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyflwr mater" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aggregatzustand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κατάσταση της ύλης - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάσταση της ύλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="State of matter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materistato" title="Materistato - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Materistato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_agregaci%C3%B3n_de_la_materia" title="Estado de agregación de la materia - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de agregación de la materia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregaatolek" title="Agregaatolek - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Agregaatolek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaren_egoera" title="Materiaren egoera - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materiaren egoera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaus_F%C3%A1sicus_de_Mat%C3%A9ria" title="Estaus Fásicus de Matéria - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estaus Fásicus de Matéria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="حالت ماده - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حالت ماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomuoto" title="Olomuoto - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olomuoto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_la_mati%C3%A8re" title="État de la matière - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de la matière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tustant_(F%C3%BCsiik)" title="Tustant (Füsiik) - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tustant (Füsiik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregaasjetast%C3%A2n" title="Aggregaasjetastân - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aggregaasjetastân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staid_damhna" title="Staid damhna - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Staid damhna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ta_di_maty%C3%A8r" title="Léta di matyèr - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Léta di matyèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_agregaci%C3%B3n_da_materia" title="Estado de agregación da materia - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado de agregación da materia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-ch%E1%B9%B3t_chhong-thai" title="Vu̍t-chṳt chhong-thai - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-chṳt chhong-thai" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מצב צבירה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצב צבירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="States of matter" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregacijsko_stanje" title="Agregacijsko stanje - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Agregacijsko stanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_maty%C3%A8" title="Eta matyè - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Eta matyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halmaz%C3%A1llapot" title="Halmazállapot - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halmazállapot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ագրեգատային վիճակ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ագրեգատային վիճակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_de_materia" title="Stato de materia - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stato de materia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wujud_materi" title="Wujud materi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wujud materi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu_de_materie" title="Statu de materie - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Statu de materie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnishamur" title="Efnishamur - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnishamur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="物質の状態 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物質の状態" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wujud_dat" title="Wujud dat - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wujud dat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აგრეგატული მდგომარეობა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აგრეგატული მდგომარეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addaden_n_tenga" title="Addaden n tenga - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Addaden n tenga" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Агрегаттық күй" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="물질의 상태 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물질의 상태" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Агрегаттык абал - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Агрегаттык абал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_materiae" title="Status materiae - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Status materiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatietoestandj" title="Aggregatietoestandj - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aggregatietoestandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_de_la_materia" title="Stat de la materia - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stat de la materia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatin%C4%97_b%C5%ABsena" title="Agregatinė būsena - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Agregatinė būsena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreg%C4%81tst%C4%81voklis" title="Agregātstāvoklis - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Agregātstāvoklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Эмен улмылык - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эмен улмылык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Состојба на материјата - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Состојба на материјата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ദ്രവ്യത്തിന്റെ അവസ്ഥകൾ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്രവ്യത്തിന്റെ അവസ്ഥകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B2" title="Бодисын төлөв - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бодисын төлөв" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="द्रव्याच्या अवस्था - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रव्याच्या अवस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadaan_jirim" title="Keadaan jirim - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keadaan jirim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1" title="ဒြပ်တို့၏ အခြေအနေ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်တို့၏ အခြေအနေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregaattostand" title="Aggregaattostand - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aggregaattostand" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aggregatietoestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria" title="Estat de la matèria - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat de la matèria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkaalee_watootaa" title="Falkaalee watootaa - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Falkaalee watootaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadonan_di_agregashon" title="Estadonan di agregashon - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estadonan di agregashon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_skupienia_materii" title="Stan skupienia materii - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stan skupienia materii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88" title="مادے دی ونڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادے دی ونڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_f%C3%ADsico_da_mat%C3%A9ria" title="Estado físico da matéria - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado físico da matéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27inki_kachkay" title="T'inki kachkay - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'inki kachkay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stare de agregare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Агрегатное состояние - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агрегатное состояние" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatna_stanja" title="Agregatna stanja - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Agregatna stanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92" title="පදාර්ථයේ අවධි - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පදාර්ථයේ අවධි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="States of matter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupenstvo" title="Skupenstvo - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skupenstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muringo" title="Muringo - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muringo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjendja_agregate" title="Gjendja agregate - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjendja agregate" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Агрегатно стање - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Агрегатно стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregationstillst%C3%A5nd" title="Aggregationstillstånd - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aggregationstillstånd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hali_maada" title="Hali maada - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hali maada" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="பொருட்களின் நிலை - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருட்களின் நிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="పదార్థం స్థితి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పదార్థం స్థితి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="สถานะ (สสาร) - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานะ (สสาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%B5%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ኵነት ነገር - tigrino" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኵነት ነገር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddenin_h%C3%A2lleri" title="Maddenin hâlleri - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maddenin hâlleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрегатний стан - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агрегатний стан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%92_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مادے کی حالت - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادے کی حالت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moddaning_agregat_holatlari" title="Moddaning agregat holatlari - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moddaning agregat holatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatine_olend" title="Agregatine olend - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Agregatine olend" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạng thái vật chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregoatietoestand" title="Aggregoatietoestand - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aggregoatietoestand" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_han_materya" title="Estado han materya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estado han materya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="物质状态 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物质状态" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="צושטאנד פון מאטעריע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צושטאנד פון מאטעריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="物质状态 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物质状态" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%85%8B" title="物態 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物態" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-chit_ch%C5%8Dng-th%C3%A0i" title="Bu̍t-chit chōng-thài - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-chit chōng-thài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%85%8B" title="相態 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="相態" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izimo_zotho" title="Izimo zotho - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izimo zotho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11430#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" 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.hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento fisica <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r133964453"><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-important.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voce da controllare"><img alt="Voce da controllare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/40px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/60px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/80px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sugli argomenti fisica e chimica è ritenuta <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Voci_da_controllare" title="Aiuto:Voci da controllare">da controllare</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"><b>Motivo</b>: <i>Considerare i condensati di Bose-Einstein come uno stato principale, mentre molti altri analoghi non sono considerati tali, è alquanto discutibile (vedere la voce su enwiki)</i> <div class="noprint"><hr />Partecipa alla <a href="/wiki/Discussione:Stato_della_materia" title="Discussione:Stato della materia">discussione</a> e/o <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit">correggi</a> la voce. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Chimica" title="Progetto:Chimica">2</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Con <b>stato della materia</b> (o <b>stato di aggregazione delle molecole</b>) si intende una classificazione convenzionale degli stati che può assumere la <a href="/wiki/Materia_(fisica)" title="Materia (fisica)">materia</a> a seconda delle proprietà <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_(fisica)" title="Meccanica (fisica)">meccaniche</a> che manifesta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_principali_stati_della_materia">I principali stati della materia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione I principali stati della materia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: I principali stati della materia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La distinzione tra gli stati della materia viene storicamente fatta basandosi sulle seguenti differenze qualitative: </p> <ul><li>una <a href="/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale">materia</a> allo stato <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> ha un <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> e una <a href="/wiki/Figura_(geometria)" title="Figura (geometria)">forma</a> propria;</li> <li>una materia allo stato <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">liquido</a> ha un volume proprio, ma acquisisce la forma del recipiente che la contiene;</li> <li>una materia allo stato <a href="/wiki/Gassoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gassoso">gassoso</a> (o aeriforme) non ha né volume né forma propria, ma si espande fino a occupare tutto lo <a href="/wiki/Spazio_(fisica)" title="Spazio (fisica)">spazio</a> disponibile.</li> <li>una materia allo stato <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">plasmatico</a> può somigliare a un gas non avendo forma propria e può espandersi come un aeriforme, dal quale si distingue per la sua ionizzazione.</li> <li>una materia allo stato <a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">condensato di Bose-Einstein</a> è una nuvola di atomi ultrafreddi ad alta densità col comportamento di un <a href="/wiki/Superatomo" title="Superatomo">superatomo</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati di aggregazione della materia e passaggi di stato."><img alt="Stati di aggregazione della materia e passaggi di stato." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg/800px-Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg/1200px-Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg/1600px-Fisica_materia_passaggi_stato_1_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>Stati di aggregazione della materia e passaggi di stato.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solido">Solido</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Solido" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Solido"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nello stato solido i costituenti della materia sono legati da forze molto intense che consentono soltanto moti di vibrazione attorno a posizioni di equilibrio; nella maggior parte dei casi gli atomi o le molecole costituenti si distribuiscono in maniera geometricamente regolare formando un <a href="/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo">reticolo cristallino</a>, oppure in maniera non regolare (disordinata) formando una <a href="/wiki/Solido_amorfo" title="Solido amorfo">solido amorfo</a>. L'unico modo per variare la forma di un solido consiste nell'applicazione di forze, ciò può causare <a href="/wiki/Deformazioni_elastiche_e_plastiche" title="Deformazioni elastiche e plastiche">deformazioni plastiche o elastiche</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquido">Liquido</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Liquido" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Liquido"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">Liquido</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nello stato liquido le forze tra i componenti della materia sono meno intense ed essi sono liberi di scorrere gli uni sugli altri. Un liquido va incontro a variazioni di <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> molto meno marcate rispetto ai gas tanto che nel linguaggio comune si dice impropriamente che il volume dei liquidi non varia, ma questo non è vero: piuttosto, a parità di variazione di temperatura <i>ΔT</i> o variazione di pressione <i>ΔP</i>, la variazione di volume nei liquidi è molto più bassa della variazione di volume nei gas e il liquido tende ad assumere la forma del recipiente nel quale è contenuto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aeriforme">Aeriforme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Aeriforme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Aeriforme"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">Aeriforme</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nello stato aeriforme le interazioni sono estremamente deboli e ai costituenti è consentito muoversi indipendentemente; di conseguenza, gli aeriformi non hanno forma propria e tendono a espandersi e occupare tutto il volume disponibile, risultando comprimibili. </p><p>Particolari aeriformi sono i <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapori</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Fluido_supercritico" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluido supercritico">fluidi supercritici</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma">Plasma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Plasma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Plasma"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">Plasma (fisica)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Lo stato plasmatico è simile a un gas ma è ionizzato, costituito da un insieme di elettroni e ioni e globalmente neutro (la cui carica elettrica totale è nulla). In quanto tale, il plasma è considerato come il <i>quarto stato</i> della materia, che si distingue quindi dal solido, dal liquido e dall'aeriforme, mentre il termine "ionizzato" indica che una frazione significativamente grande di elettroni è stata strappata dai rispettivi atomi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein">Condensato di Bose-Einstein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Condensato di Bose-Einstein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Condensato di Bose-Einstein"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">Condensato di Bose-Einstein</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il condensato si forma quando dei <a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">bosoni</a> sono raffreddati a temperature di poco superiori allo <a href="/wiki/Zero_assoluto" title="Zero assoluto">zero assoluto</a>. In questo stato la maggior parte delle particelle del condensato occupa lo stato quantistico di minima energia, e gli effetti quantistici (come la sovrapposizione delle loro <a href="/wiki/Funzioni_d%27onda" class="mw-redirect" title="Funzioni d'onda">funzioni d'onda</a>), che di solito sono rilevanti solo su scala microscopica, diventano osservabili anche a livello macroscopico. Possono essere formati a partire da gas a bassa densità di <a href="/wiki/Atomi_ultrafreddi" title="Atomi ultrafreddi">atomi ultrafreddi</a>, o da alcune <a href="/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella">quasiparticelle</a> all'interno di solidi, come gli <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">eccitoni</a>. Ha molte somiglianze con lo stato <a href="/wiki/Elio-4_superfluido" title="Elio-4 superfluido">superfluido dell'elio-4</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_stati">Altri stati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri stati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri stati"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nella scienza moderna in realtà questa semplice classificazione risulta inadeguata a descrivere esaustivamente le numerose possibilità che ha la materia di organizzarsi. Il <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">plasma</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">condensato di Bose-Einstein</a> sono stati probabilmente i primi <i>nuovi</i> stati della materia a essere aggiunti a questa catalogazione,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ma ce ne sono molti altri, i quali compaiono in condizioni particolari di <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghiaccio" title="Ghiaccio">Ghiaccio</a> - ce ne sono vari tipi, denominati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghiaccio_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghiaccio I (la pagina non esiste)">ghiaccio I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiaccio_II" title="Ghiaccio II">ghiaccio II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiaccio_III" title="Ghiaccio III">ghiaccio III</a> e così via fino al ghiaccio XIX;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfluido" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluido">Superfluido</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio</a> a bassissime temperature;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_supercritico" title="Stato supercritico">Stato supercritico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supersolido" title="Supersolido">Supersolido</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloidale</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutronio" title="Neutronio">Neutronio</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia_fortemente_simmetrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia fortemente simmetrica (la pagina non esiste)">Materia fortemente simmetrica</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia_fortemente_asimmetrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia fortemente asimmetrica (la pagina non esiste)">Materia fortemente asimmetrica</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materia_strana" title="Materia strana">Materia strana</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensato_chirale" title="Condensato chirale">Condensato chirale</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materia_degenere" title="Materia degenere">Materia degenere</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristallo liquido</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccitonio" title="Eccitonio">Eccitonio</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensato_fermionico" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensato fermionico">Condensato fermionico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia_fotonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia fotonica (la pagina non esiste)">Materia fotonica</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superconduttore" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconduttore">Superconduttore</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluido_supercritico" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluido supercritico">Fluido supercritico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallo_di_Jahn-Taller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallo di Jahn-Taller (la pagina non esiste)">Metallo di Jahn-Taller</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conduttore_balistico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conduttore balistico (la pagina non esiste)">Conduttore balistico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluido_quasiparticellari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluido quasiparticellari (la pagina non esiste)">Fluido quasiparticellari</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dropletonio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dropletonio (la pagina non esiste)">Dropletonio</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido_di_spin-quantico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquido di spin-quantico (la pagina non esiste)">Liquido di spin-quantico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluido_string-net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluido string-net (la pagina non esiste)">Fluido string-net</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cambiamenti_di_stato">Cambiamenti di stato</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Cambiamenti di stato" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Cambiamenti di stato"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Transizione di fase</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Quando la materia viene sottoposta a variazione di pressione e temperatura può passare a uno stato di aggregazione diverso, si verifica quindi un passaggio di stato. </p><p>Ogni passaggio di stato è caratterizzato dalla rottura o dalla formazione di legami chimici, durante il cambiamento di stato la temperatura del sistema rimane costante e ogni sostanza per cambiare stato ha bisogno di una certa quantità di calore, il calore latente, di ioni o di energia. </p><p>I passaggi di stato sono i seguenti:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusione_(fisica)" title="Fusione (fisica)">fusione</a>: passaggio dallo stato solido a quello liquido, avviene con acquisto di calore (processo endotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">solidificazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato liquido a quello solido, viene ceduto del calore (processo esotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">vaporizzazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato liquido a quello aeriforme, viene acquisito calore (endotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">condensazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato aeriforme a quello liquido, avviene con cessione di calore (esotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquefazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquefazione">liquefazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato gassoso a quello liquido per compressione, soltanto se l'aeriforme è a temperatura inferiore alla temperatura critica (esotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brinamento" title="Brinamento">brinamento</a>: passaggio dallo stato gassoso a quello solido (esotermico);</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">sublimazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato solido a quello aeriforme (endotermico);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionizzazione_dei_gas" title="Ionizzazione dei gas">ionizzazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato aeriforme a quello plasmatico;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionizzazione_dei_gas" title="Ionizzazione dei gas">deionizzazione</a>: passaggio dallo stato plasmatico a quello aeriforme;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione_quantistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Condensazione quantistica (la pagina non esiste)">condensazione quantistica</a>: passaggio dallo stato aeriforme (liquido bosonico) a quello condensato di Bose-Einstein;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decondensazione_quantistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decondensazione quantistica (la pagina non esiste)">decondensazione quantistica</a>: passaggio dallo stato condensato di Bose-Einstein a quello aeriforme (liquido bosonico).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 89</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmpe.it/chimica/passaggi-stato"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito web di riferimento</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gmpe.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">chimica-online.it</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chimica-online.it/download/passaggi-di-stato.htm">https://www.chimica-online.it/download/passaggi-di-stato.htm</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">Aeriforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">Liquido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisica_del_plasma" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisica del plasma">Fisica del plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">Fluido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfluido" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluido">Superfluido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_supercritico" title="Stato supercritico">Stato supercritico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamento_di_stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambiamento di stato">Cambiamento di stato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entalpia" title="Entalpia">Entalpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristallo_di_Wigner" title="Cristallo di Wigner">Cristallo di Wigner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:States of aggregation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:States_of_aggregation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sullo <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:States_of_aggregation?uselang=it">stato della materia</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stato_della_materia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/stati-di-aggregazione"><span style="font-style:italic;">aggregazióne, stati di</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11430#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itchiavari.org/chimica/lab/stataggr.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Esperienze in laboratorio - Gli stati di aggregazione della materia ed i passaggi di stato</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">itchiavari.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output 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th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Stati_della_materia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stati_della_materia" title="Template:Stati della materia"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Stati della materia (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stati della materia</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Principali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">Liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">Aeriforme</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">Plasma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">Condensato di Bose-Einstein</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/170px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/255px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/340px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Cambiamenti di stato</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Fusione_(fisica)" title="Fusione (fisica)">Fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">Solidificazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione" title="Cristallizzazione">Cristallizzazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">Ebollizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">Evaporazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">Condensazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brinamento" title="Brinamento">Brinamento</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">Miscele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Caligine" title="Caligine">Caligine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">Sospensione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dispersione_(chimica)" title="Dispersione (chimica)">Dispersione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">Lega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nebbia" title="Nebbia">Nebbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spray_liquido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spray liquido (la pagina non esiste)">Spray liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo">Fumo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Particolato" title="Particolato">Particolato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polvere" title="Polvere">Polvere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Schiuma" title="Schiuma">Schiuma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emulsione" title="Emulsione">Emulsione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sol_(chimica)" title="Sol (chimica)">Sol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerogel" title="Aerogel">Aerogel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">Gel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiuma_solida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiuma solida (la pagina non esiste)">Schiuma solida</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Miscela_gassosa" title="Miscela gassosa">Miscela gassosa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">Vapore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">Fluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideale" title="Gas ideale">Gas ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_reale" title="Gas reale">Gas reale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_supercritico" title="Stato supercritico">Fluido supercritico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superfluidit%C3%A0" title="Superfluidità">Superfluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Supersolido" title="Supersolido">Supersolido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supervetro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supervetro (la pagina non esiste)">Supervetro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensato_chirale" title="Condensato chirale">Condensato fermionico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_degenere" title="Materia degenere">Materia degenere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_strana" title="Materia strana">Materia strana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido_ideale" title="Fluido ideale">Fluido ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_Rydberg" title="Materia di Rydberg">Materia di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone_di_Rydberg" title="Polarone di Rydberg">Polarone di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_quark" title="Materia di quark">Materia di quark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquido_di_spin_quantistico" title="Liquido di spin quantistico">Liquido di spin quantistico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitonio" title="Eccitonio">Eccitonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eccitone_legato_al_fotone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eccitone legato al fotone (la pagina non esiste)">Eccitone legato al fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_a_fusione_di_catena" title="Stato a fusione di catena">Stato a fusione di catena</a></td></tr><tr><th 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