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Yunus</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Faridah Yunus"> <meta name="keywords" content="Faridah Yunus"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Faridah Yunus"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 57</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Faridah Yunus</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Development Framework Based on Mobile Augmented Reality for Pre-Literacy Kit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazatul%20Aini%20Abd%20Majid">Nazatul Aini Abd Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Yunus"> Faridah Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haslina%20Arshad"> Haslina Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Farhan%20Mohammad%20Johari"> Mohammad Farhan Mohammad Johari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning technologies that can be fully optimized to promote pre-literacy skills. The problem is how to design an effective pre-literacy kit that utilizes some of the learning technologies. This paper presents a framework based on mobile augmented reality for the development of pre-literacy kit. This pre-literacy kit incorporates three main components which are contents, design, and tools. A prototype of a mobile app based on the three main components was developed for promoting pre-literacy. The results show that the children and teachers gave positive feedbacks after using the mobile app for the pre-literacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title="framework">framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title=" mobile technology"> mobile technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title=" augmented reality"> augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-literacy%20skills" title=" pre-literacy skills"> pre-literacy skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610/development-framework-based-on-mobile-augmented-reality-for-pre-literacy-kit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> The Influence of Leader’s Sources of Power on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Azlina%20Mohamed%20Yunus">Noor Azlina Mohamed Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noorlaila%20Yunus"> Noorlaila Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadulliah%20Ghazali"> Kadulliah Ghazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this an era of intense competition, Malaysia aspires to be a fully developed country by 2020 and desires its citizens to perform and execute excellent work behaviors. For that reason, organizations are focusing on employees’ positive and constructive behaviors such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). They expect employees to not only complete their required duties by providing excellent performance but also keenly go beyond their roles that are not specifying in their formal job descriptions to ensure organizational success. The role and duty to acquire employees to engage and connect in OCB is the responsibility of a leader. Thus, leaders can utilize their sources of power to enable subordinates to accomplish organizational objective including OCB. Therefore, this paper formulates a framework postulating leader’s sources of power as an antecedent of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The discussion on implications for future theory development is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20citizenship%20behaviour%20%28OCB%29" title="organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB)">organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leader%E2%80%99s%20sources%20of%20power" title=" leader’s sources of power"> leader’s sources of power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20centre%20industry" title=" call centre industry"> call centre industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20paper" title=" conceptual paper"> conceptual paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12041/the-influence-of-leaders-sources-of-power-on-organizational-citizenship-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Schools of Thought in the Field of Social Entrepreneurship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cris%20Bravo">Cris Bravo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social entrepreneurship is a new and exciting topic that holds a great promise in helping alleviate the social problems of the world. As a new subject, the meaning of the term is too broad and this is counterproductive in trying to build understanding around the concept. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare the elements of social entrepreneurship as defined by seven international organizations leading social entrepreneurship projects: Ashoka Foundation, Skoll Foundation, Schwab Foundation and Yunus Center; as well as from three other institutions fostering social entrepreneurship: Global Social Benefit Institute, BRAC University, and Socialab. The study used document analysis from Skoll Foundation, Schwab Foundation, Yunus Center and Ashoka Foundation; and open ended interview to experts from the Global Social Benefit Institute at Santa Clara University in United States, BRAC University from Bangladesh, and Socialab from Argentina. The study identified three clearly differentiated schools of thought, based on their views on revenue, scalability, replicability and geographic location. While this study is by no means exhaustive, it provides an indication of the patterns of ideas fostered by important players in the field. By clearly identifying the similarities and differences in the concept of social entrepreneurship, research and practitioners are better equipped to build on the subject, and to promote more adequate and accurate social policies to foster the development of social entrepreneurship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replicability" title="replicability">replicability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue" title=" revenue"> revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalability" title=" scalability"> scalability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools%20of%20thought" title=" schools of thought"> schools of thought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20entrepreneurship" title=" social entrepreneurship"> social entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42889/schools-of-thought-in-the-field-of-social-entrepreneurship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities of Compounds Isolated from Callicarpa maingayi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Ado">Muhammad A. Ado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intan%20S.%20Ismail"> Intan S. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasanah%20M.%20Ghazali"> Hasanah M. Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Abas"> Faridah Abas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have investigated the phytochemical constituents of soluble fractions of dichloromethane (DCM) of methanolic leaves extract of the Callicarpa maingayi. The phytochemicals investigation has resulted in the isolation of three triterpenoids (euscaphic acid (1), arjunic acid (2), and ursolic acid (3)) together with two flavones apigenin (4) and acacetin (5)), two phytosterols (stigmasterol 3-O-β-glycopyranoside (6) and sitosterol 3-O-β-glycopyranoside (7)), and one fatty acid (n-hexacosanoic acid (8)). Six (6) compounds isolated from this species were isolated for the first time (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8). Their structures were elucidated and identified by spectral methods of one and two-dimensional NMR techniques, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and comparison with the previously reported literature. The biological activity of three compounds (1-3) was carried out on acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Compound (3) was found to displayed good inhibition against AChE with an IC₅₀ value of 21.5 ± 0.022 μM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title="acetylcholinesterase">acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callicarpa%20maingayi" title=" Callicarpa maingayi"> Callicarpa maingayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euscaphic%20acid" title=" euscaphic acid"> euscaphic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ursolic%20acid" title=" ursolic acid"> ursolic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132971/isolation-characterization-and-biological-activities-of-compounds-isolated-from-callicarpa-maingayi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Effects of Enzymatic Liquefaction on the Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Zn-Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) Puree</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Siti%20Faridah">M. A. Siti Faridah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Muhammad"> K. Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Ghazali"> H. M. Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20A.%20Yusof"> Y. A. Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate the effects of three variables namely types of cell wall degrading enzymes (Viscozyme L, Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Rapidase PAC, Rohament CL and Rohapect PTE) at varying concentrations (0.25-3% v/w) and times (30 min-24 h) on the zinc (Zn-) amaranth purees. Liquefaction treatment of the Zn-amaranth purees with Viscozyme (1% v/w at pH 5 and 45ºC for 3 h) was found to be the best procedure, which produced Zn-amaranth puree with low viscosity (8.60 mPas). Zn-amaranth purees were also found to have the highest metallo-chlorophyll derivative contents (0.16 mg/g), free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values (12.49 mM (TE)/g fresh weight) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values (4.57 mM (TE)/g fresh weight) within 3 h of liquefaction. Other physicochemical properties of the enzyme-liquefied Zn-amaranth purees indicated that lightness (L*) (12.54), greenness a*/b* (-0.30), reducing sugar (103.88 mg/mL) and soluble dietary fibre (5.94%) of the purees were higher compared to that of nonenzyme-liquefied amaranth purees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amaranth" title="amaranth">amaranth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20derivative" title=" chlorophyll derivative"> chlorophyll derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20liquefaction" title=" enzymatic liquefaction"> enzymatic liquefaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123786/effects-of-enzymatic-liquefaction-on-the-physicochemical-properties-and-antioxidant-activity-of-zn-amaranth-amaranthus-viridis-puree" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Characterization and Detection of Cadmium Ion Using Modification Calixarene with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Shakila%20Razali">Amira Shakila Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Lisa%20Supian"> Faridah Lisa Supian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mat%20Salleh"> Muhammad Mat Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriani%20Abu%20Bakar"> Suriani Abu Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water contamination by toxic compound is one of the serious environmental problems today. These toxic compounds mostly originated from industrial effluents, agriculture, natural sources and human waste. These study are focused on modification of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) with nanoparticle of calixarene and explore the possibility of using this nanocomposites for the remediation of cadmium in water. The nanocomposites were prepared by dissolving calixarene in chloroform solution as solvent, followed by additional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) then sonication process for 3 hour and fabricated the nanocomposites on substrate by spin coating method. Finally, the nanocomposites were tested on cadmium ion (10 mg/ml). The morphology of nanocomposites was investigated by FESEM showing the formation of calixarene on the outer walls of carbon nanotube and cadmium ion also clearly seen from the micrograph. This formation was supported by using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The presence of cadmium ions in the films, leads to some changes in the surface potential and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).This nanocomposites have potential for development of sensor for pollutant monitoring and nanoelectronics devices applications <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calixarene" title="calixarene">calixarene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiwalled%20carbon%20nanotubes" title=" multiwalled carbon nanotubes"> multiwalled carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16972/characterization-and-detection-of-cadmium-ion-using-modification-calixarene-with-multiwalled-carbon-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Valuation on MEMS Pressure Sensors and Device Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ong%20Kai%20Sheng"> Ong Kai Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MEMS pressure sensor has been introduced and presented in this paper. The types of pressure sensor and its theory of operation are also included. The latest MEMS technology, the fabrication processes of pressure sensor are explored and discussed. Besides, various device applications of pressure sensor such as tire pressure monitoring system, diesel particulate filter and others are explained. Due to further miniaturization of the device nowadays, the pressure sensor with nanotechnology (NEMS) is also reviewed. The NEMS pressure sensor is expected to have better performance as well as lower in its cost. It has gained an excellent popularity in many applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor" title="pressure sensor">pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm" title=" diaphragm"> diaphragm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20application" title=" automotive application"> automotive application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20application" title=" biomedical application"> biomedical application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEMS" title=" NEMS"> NEMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395/valuation-on-mems-pressure-sensors-and-device-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Exploring the Birth of Modern Art in Borneo, Post-War Era 1945 to 1970 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahah%20Hasan">Rahah Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Sahari"> Faridah Sahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the development of modern art in Borneo, particularly in Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei, after the Second World War until the 1970s. This was the period when the British Colonial government dictated the education system, which consequentially inculcated visual art through art and craft subjects imposed on all vernacular schools in Borneo. British influence within the state governance, social, and education system designed with Western ideology created not only a westernized society and mindset but at the same time generated artistic opportunities for emerging local painters to be involved in the initiation of Modern Art in Borneo. Through the historical method and analysis of primary and secondary data, it was obvious that the existence of colonial government departments and institutions such as museums and teaching colleges, and other social organizations in Borneo at that time contributed significantly to the artistic movement. The similar structure and motivation of development in other areas of Borneo confirmed that artistic affirmation of modern art advanced homogenously. Their understanding of easel painting as well as a unique interpretation of culture once distanced from traditional art, resulting in a new visual image that transcended their ethnicity and identity through new mediums and tools. These meticulous interventions modestly visualized in each painting, as discussed in this paper, hopefully, will give a deeper understanding and appreciation of the history of modern art in Borneo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20history" title="art history">art history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Borneo%20art" title=" Borneo art"> Borneo art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20art" title=" fine art"> fine art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20art" title=" modern art"> modern art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132039/exploring-the-birth-of-modern-art-in-borneo-post-war-era-1945-to-1970" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Graphic Calculator Effectiveness in Biology Teaching and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Azmah%20Nik%20Yusuff">Nik Azmah Nik Yusuff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Hassan%20Basri"> Faridah Hassan Basri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnidar%20Mansor"> Rosnidar Mansor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the study is to find out the effectiveness of using Graphic calculators (GC) with Calculator Based Laboratory 2 (CBL2) in teaching and learning of form four biology for these topics: Nutrition, Respiration and Dynamic Ecosystem. Sixty form four science stream students were the participants of this study. The participants were divided equally into the treatment and control groups. The treatment group used GC with CBL2 during experiments while the control group used the ordinary conventional laboratory apparatus without using GC with CBL2. Instruments in this study were a set of pre-test and post-test and a questionnaire. T-Test was used to compare the student’s biology achievement while a descriptive statistic was used to analyze the outcome of the questionnaire. The findings of this study indicated the use of GC with CBL2 in biology had significant positive effect. The highest mean was 4.43 for item stating the use of GC with CBL2 had saved collecting experiment result’s time. The second highest mean was 4.10 for item stating GC with CBL2 had saved drawing and labelling graphs. The outcome from the questionnaire also showed that GC with CBL2 were easy to use and save time. Thus, teachers should use GC with CBL2 in support of efforts by Malaysia Ministry of Education in encouraging technology-enhanced lessons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biology%20experiments" title="biology experiments">biology experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calculator-Based%20Laboratory%202%20%28CBL2%29" title=" Calculator-Based Laboratory 2 (CBL2)"> Calculator-Based Laboratory 2 (CBL2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20calculators" title=" graphic calculators"> graphic calculators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia%20Secondary%20School" title=" Malaysia Secondary School"> Malaysia Secondary School</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%2Flearning" title=" teaching/learning"> teaching/learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4230/graphic-calculator-effectiveness-in-biology-teaching-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Healing Architecture and Evidence Based Design: An Interior Design Example in Medicana KızıLtoprak Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Emre%20Kara">Yunus Emre Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilla%20Kuzu"> Atilla Kuzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Cirpici"> Levent Cirpici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, in the interior design of hospitals, the effect of the physical environment on the healing process has been frequently emphasized, and the importance of psychological and behavioral factors has increased day by day. When designing new hospital interiors, it became important to create spaces that not only meet medical requirements but also support the healing process of patients with interior design. In this study, the patient rooms, corridor, atrium area, waiting area, and entrance counter in a hospital were handled with patient-centered design, evidence-based design, and remedial architectural approaches, and it was seen that the healing and reassuring elements in hospitals were extremely important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence%20based%20design" title="evidence based design">evidence based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healing%20architecture" title=" healing architecture"> healing architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20design" title=" organic design"> organic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20design" title=" parametric design"> parametric design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131160/healing-architecture-and-evidence-based-design-an-interior-design-example-in-medicana-kiziltoprak-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) of Castor Oil from Castor Bean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Faisal%20Najmuldeen">Ghazi Faisal Najmuldeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Mohd%20Yunus"> Rosli Mohd Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurfarahin%20Bt%20Harun"> Nurfarahin Bt Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardhiana%20Binti%20Ismail"> Mardhiana Binti Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microwave extraction has attracted great interest among the researchers. The main virtue of the microwave technique is cost-effective, time saving and simple handling procedure. Castor beans was chosen because of its high content in fatty acid, especially ricinoleic acid. The purpose of this research is to extract the castor oil by using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using ethanol as solvent and to investigate the influence of extraction time on castor oil yield and to characterize the main composition of the produced castor oil by using the GC-MS. It was found that there is a direct dependence between the oil yield and the time of extraction as it increases from 45% to 58% as the time increase from 10 min to 60 min. The major components of castor oil detected by GC-MS were ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20assisted%20extraction%20%28MAE%29" title="microwave assisted extraction (MAE)">microwave assisted extraction (MAE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castor%20oil" title=" castor oil"> castor oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ricinoleic%20acid" title=" ricinoleic acid"> ricinoleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linoleic%20acid" title=" linoleic acid"> linoleic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10844/microwave-assisted-extraction-mae-of-castor-oil-from-castor-bean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Why Trust Matters for Women Entrepreneurs: Insights from Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraini%20Mohd%20Rhouse">Suraini Mohd Rhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Lela%20Ahmad"> Noor Lela Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nek%20Kamal%20Yeop%20Yunus"> Nek Kamal Yeop Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosfizah%20Md%20Taib"> Rosfizah Md Taib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article aims to explore the importance of trust to women entrepreneurs. In particular, the research uses a social constructionist lens to examine ways in which women entrepreneurs construct trust in relation to their various stakeholders. A semi-structured interview was used to gather the data. The findings suggest women highlight the importance of trust in order to establish customer satisfaction that can further develop customer loyalty. In addition, aspect of trust with the employees is seen as vital for building organizational commitment to the business organization. Women also see the trust dimension in terms of their relationships with financial providers in order to gain approval for financial resources. This article contributes to the literature on the value of trust to women’s business environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative" title="qualitative">qualitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20constructionist" title=" social constructionist"> social constructionist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20entrepreneurship" title=" women entrepreneurship"> women entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1277/why-trust-matters-for-women-entrepreneurs-insights-from-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> A Compilation of Nanotechnology in Thin Film Solar Cell Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Hasniza%20Nik%20Aman"> Nik Hasniza Nik Aman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanotechnology has become the world attention in various applications including the solar cells devices due to the uniqueness and benefits of achieving low cost and better performances of devices. Recently, thin film solar cells such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium-gallium-diSelenide (CIGS), copper-zinc-tin-sulphide (CZTS), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) enhanced by nanotechnology have attracted much attention. Thus, a compilation of nanotechnology devices giving the progress in the solar cells has been presented. It is much related to nanoparticles or nanocrystallines, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires or nanorods structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title="nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowires" title=" nanowires"> nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanorods" title=" nanorods"> nanorods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20solar%20cells" title=" thin film solar cells"> thin film solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27188/a-compilation-of-nanotechnology-in-thin-film-solar-cell-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">627</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Social Business: Opportunities and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mustafizur%20Rahaman">Muhammad Mustafizur Rahaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social business is a new concept in the field of Business Economics and Capitalist Economy. It has increased the importance in economic and social development in emerging economies. Professor Muhammad Yunus is the founding father of the notion. While conventional business underscores profit maximization as a core business principle, social business calls for addressing social problems at the expense of profit. This underlying principle gives social business advantageous position over conventional businesses to serve those who live at the bottom of the pyramid. It also poses grave challenges to the social business because social business sacrifices profit at one hand and seeks financial sustainability on the other. For the sake of its financial sustainability, the social business might increase the price of its product or service which might lower its social impact, thus, makes the business self-defeating. Therefore, social business should be more innovative in every business process including production, marketing, and management. Otherwise, the business is unlikely to be driven out from the society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovativeness" title="innovativeness">innovativeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-defeat" title=" self-defeat"> self-defeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20business" title=" social business"> social business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20problem" title=" social problem "> social problem </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19929/social-business-opportunities-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fiber via Simultaneous Ultrasonic and Alkali Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridzuan%20Ramli">Ridzuan Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhafzan%20Junadi"> Norhafzan Junadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20D.H.%20Beg"> Mohammad D.H. Beg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20M.%20Yunus"> Rosli M. Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) cellulose which was earlier isolated from oil palm EFB fibre. In order to isolate the cellulose, the chlorination method was carried out. Then, the MCC was prepared by simultaneous ultrasonic and alkali treatment from the isolated α-cellulose. Based on mass balance calculation, the yields for MCC obtained from EFB was 44%. For fiber characterization, it is observed that the chemical composition of the hemicellulose and lignin for all samples decreased while composition for cellulose increased. The structural property of the MCC was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the result shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 73% crystallinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunch" title="oil palm empty fruit bunch">oil palm empty fruit bunch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcrystalline%20cellulose" title=" microcrystalline cellulose"> microcrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20treatment" title=" alkali treatment"> alkali treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20diffraction" title=" x-ray diffraction"> x-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17460/microcrystalline-cellulose-mcc-from-oil-palm-empty-fruit-bunch-efb-fiber-via-simultaneous-ultrasonic-and-alkali-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Hand Gestures Based Emotion Identification Using Flex Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ali">S. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Yunus"> R. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Arif"> A. Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ayaz"> Y. Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Baber%20Sial"> M. Baber Sial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Asif"> R. Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Naseer"> N. Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jawad%20Khan"> M. Jawad Khan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have proposed a gesture to emotion recognition method using flex sensors mounted on metacarpophalangeal joints. The flex sensors are fixed in a wearable glove. The data from the glove are sent to PC using Wi-Fi. Four gestures: finger pointing, thumbs up, fist open and fist close are performed by five subjects. Each gesture is categorized into sad, happy, and excited class based on the velocity and acceleration of the hand gesture. Seventeen inspectors observed the emotions and hand gestures of the five subjects. The emotional state based on the investigators assessment and acquired movement speed data is compared. Overall, we achieved 77% accurate results. Therefore, the proposed design can be used for emotional state detection applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20identification" title="emotion identification">emotion identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20models" title=" emotion models"> emotion models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gesture%20recognition" title=" gesture recognition"> gesture recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20perception" title=" user perception"> user perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98297/hand-gestures-based-emotion-identification-using-flex-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Implementation of Unclos 1982 on Capture Fisheries in the Case of Illegal Fishing in the Waters of Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habson%20Batubara">Habson Batubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patawari"> Patawari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Mery"> Lisa Mery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syaichuddin"> Mohammad Syaichuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitti%20Faridah"> Sitti Faridah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah"> Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akmal"> Akmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Gafur"> Abdul Gafur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Sudrajad"> Iman Sudrajad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lideman"> Lideman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuani%20Mundaya"> Yuani Mundaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaruddin"> Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslimin"> Muslimin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Jompa"> Herlina Jompa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joula%20Sondack"> Joula Sondack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nani%20Undap"> Nani Undap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Winanda"> Elisa Winanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfandi%20Amin"> Arfandi Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the status of the law, legislation, and its implementation against Foreign Nationals (WNA) Illegal Fishing Business Actors in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), based on the Indonesian Positive Law and UNCLOS 1982. The research method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach to study the Fisheries Criminal Verdict (Tipikan) and the Bitung District Court / Fisheries SIPP from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that cases of Illegal Fishing by Foreign Nationals (WNA) in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were examined, tried, and decided in accordance with the fisheries law, criminal sanctions were not in accordance with and contrary to Indonesian positive law, both criminal law and fisheries law, but followed and were in line with UNCLOS Year 1982. Legal status and responsibility are only imposed on the master as the leader on board the ship as the representative of the ship owner/company. Meanwhile, the application of Indonesia's positive law to Unclos in 1982 was only in the form of fines and confiscation of evidence as an effort to seek compensation for illegal fishing activities in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Zone (EEZ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEZ" title="EEZ">EEZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20fishing" title=" illegal fishing"> illegal fishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WNA" title=" WNA"> WNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20law" title=" positive law"> positive law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unclos%201982" title=" Unclos 1982"> Unclos 1982</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501/implementation-of-unclos-1982-on-capture-fisheries-in-the-case-of-illegal-fishing-in-the-waters-of-indonesias-exclusive-economic-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridzuan%20Ramli">Ridzuan Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zianor%20Azrina%20Zianon%20Abdin"> Zianor Azrina Zianon Abdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Dalour%20Beg"> Mohammad Dalour Beg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20M.%20Yunus"> Rosli M. Yunus </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were produced by using the ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) pulp with different hydrolysis time then were analyzed by using FESEM and TGA as in comparison with EFB fiber and EFB pulp. Based on the FESEM analysis, it was found that NCC has a rod like shaped under the acid hydrolysis with an assistant of ultrasound. According to thermal stability, the NCC obtained show remarkable sign of high thermal stability compared to EFB fiber and EFB pulp. However, as the hydrolysis time increase, the thermal stability of NCC was deceased. As in conclusion, the NCC can be prepared by using ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis. The NCC obtained have good thermal stability and have a great potential as the reinforcement in composite materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title="Nanocrystalline cellulose">Nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20assisted%20acid%20hydrolysis" title=" ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis"> ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empty%20fruit%20bunch%20%28EFB%29" title=" empty fruit bunch (EFB)"> empty fruit bunch (EFB)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16060/nanocrystalline-cellulose-from-oil-palm-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Effectiveness of Earthing System in Vertical Configurations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Yunus">S. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Suratman"> A. Suratman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Mohamad%20Nor"> N. Mohamad Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Othman"> M. Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the measurement and simulation results by Finite Element Method (FEM) for earth resistance (R<sub>DC</sub>) for interconnected vertical ground rod configurations. The soil resistivity was measured using the Wenner four-pin Method, and R<sub>DC </sub>was measured using the Fall of Potential (FOP) method, as outlined in the standard. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to interpret the soil resistivity to that of a 2-layer soil model. The same soil resistivity data that were obtained by Wenner four-pin method were used in FEM for simulation. This paper compares the results of R<sub>DC</sub> obtained by FEM simulation with the real measurement at field site. A good agreement was seen for R<sub>DC </sub>obtained by measurements and FEM. This shows that FEM is a reliable software to be used for design of earthing systems. It is also found that the parallel rod system has a better performance compared to a similar setup using a grid layout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthing%20system" title="earthing system">earthing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20electrodes" title=" earth electrodes"> earth electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20resistances" title=" earth resistances"> earth resistances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128846/effectiveness-of-earthing-system-in-vertical-configurations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Correlates of Tourism and Power Alleviation: A Case Study of Osun Osogbo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohood%20A.%20Bamidele">Mohood A. Bamidele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadairo%20O.%20Olokesunsi"> Fadairo O. Olokesunsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20A.%20Yunus"> Muhammed A. Yunus </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work focuses on tourism and poverty alleviation in Osun State, it delves in the tourism resources of the state and strategic framework that has been put in place to manage the cultural base tourism that is most prominent in the state. The major instrument used for data collection was questionnaire which was designed for the area and data collected were analyzed using statistical table and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that tourism is under development in Osun State and the tourism potential of the state is yet to be exploited, this is due to lack of appropriate policy to master the development and management of tourism resources, poor publicity, awareness, and lack of adequate basic infrastructure. The research work, therefore, recommended, that, there should be proper and appropriate policy, and that the government should take a leading step to develop tourism in Osun State by creating a workable environment to the private sector and given a substantial budgetary allocation to the tourism in the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate%20policy" title="appropriate policy">appropriate policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20publicity" title=" poor publicity"> poor publicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty%20alleviation" title=" poverty alleviation"> poverty alleviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substantial%20budgetary%20allocation" title=" substantial budgetary allocation"> substantial budgetary allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80075/correlates-of-tourism-and-power-alleviation-a-case-study-of-osun-osogbo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Nanocellulose Incorporated Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Mohd%20Yunus">Rosli Mohd Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zianor%20Azrina%20Zianon%20Abdin"> Zianor Azrina Zianon Abdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Dalour%20Hossen%20Beg"> Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridzuan%20Ramli"> Ridzuan Ramli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained considerable interest as a promising biomaterial due to their outstanding properties such as high surface area, high mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The NCC also has good stability in water which is compatible for mixing of water based polymer solution or emulsions with NCC. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) contained different amount of lignocellulosic materials such as lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulose is the most significant materials that can be extracted from EFB as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). In this work the nanocrystalline cellulose were produced through acid hydrolysis together with ultrasound technique. The morphology of NCC was characterized by TEM, thermal behavior has been studied with DSC, TGA analysis. Structural properties were illustrated X-Ray diffraction as well as FTIR. The hydrogel was produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different concentration of NCC. The hydrogel composite was characterized by swelling ratio, crosslinking density, mechanical properties and morphology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocellulose" title="nanocellulose">nanocellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm" title=" oil palm"> oil palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49487/nanocellulose-incorporated-polyvinyl-alcohol-hydrogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Summarizing Data Sets for Data Mining by Using Statistical Methods in Coastal Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Do%C4%9Fan">Yunus Doğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Durap"> Ahmet Durap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coastal regions are the one of the most commonly used places by the natural balance and the growing population. In coastal engineering, the most valuable data is wave behaviors. The amount of this data becomes very big because of observations that take place for periods of hours, days and months. In this study, some statistical methods such as the wave spectrum analysis methods and the standard statistical methods have been used. The goal of this study is the discovery profiles of the different coast areas by using these statistical methods, and thus, obtaining an instance based data set from the big data to analysis by using data mining algorithms. In the experimental studies, the six sample data sets about the wave behaviors obtained by 20 minutes of observations from Mersin Bay in Turkey and converted to an instance based form, while different clustering techniques in data mining algorithms were used to discover similar coastal places. Moreover, this study discusses that this summarization approach can be used in other branches collecting big data such as medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithms" title="clustering algorithms">clustering algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20engineering" title=" coastal engineering"> coastal engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20summarization" title=" data summarization"> data summarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61856/summarizing-data-sets-for-data-mining-by-using-statistical-methods-in-coastal-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Applications of Nonlinear Models to Measure and Predict Thermo Physical Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures1, 4 Dioxane with Bromo Benzene at Various Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ramesh">R. Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20M.%20Yunus"> M. Y. M. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramesh"> K. Ramesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study conducted in this research are Viscosities, η, and Densities ,ρ, of 1, 4-dioxane with Bromobenzene at different mole fractions and various temperatures in the atmospheric pressure condition. From experimentations excess volumes, VE, and deviations in viscosities, Δη, of mixtures at infinite dilutions have been obtained. The measured systems exhibited positive values of VmE and negative values of Δη. The binary mixture 1, 4 dioxane + Bromobenzene show positive VE and negative Δη with increasing temperatures. The outcomes clearly indicate that weak interactions present in mixture. It is mainly because of number and position of methyl groups exist in these aromatic hydrocarbons. These measured data tailored to the nonlinear models to derive the binary coefficients. Standard deviations have been considered between the fitted outcomes and the calculated data is helpful deliberate mixing behavior of the binary mixtures. It can conclude that in our cases, the data found with the values correlated by the corresponding models very well. The molecular interactions existing between the components and comparison of liquid mixtures were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1" title="1">1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4%20dioxane" title="4 dioxane">4 dioxane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bromobenzene" title=" bromobenzene"> bromobenzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excess%20molar%20volume" title=" excess molar volume"> excess molar volume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30810/applications-of-nonlinear-models-to-measure-and-predict-thermo-physical-properties-of-binary-liquid-mixtures1-4-dioxane-with-bromo-benzene-at-various-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Measurement and Monitoring of Graduate Attributes via iCGPA Implementation and ACADEMIA Programming: UNIMAS Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanti%20Faridah%20Salleh">Shanti Faridah Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzahrah%20Anuar"> Azzahrah Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamimah%20Ujir"> Hamimah Ujir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Sapawi"> Rohana Sapawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Hashim%20Wan%20Ibrahim"> Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Abdul%20Wahab"> Noraziah Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majina%20Sulaiman"> Majina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raudhah%20Ahmadi"> Raudhah Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Khalid%20Othman"> Al-Khalid Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johari%20Abdullah"> Johari Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average or iCGPA is an evaluation and reporting system that represents a comprehensive development of students’ achievement in their academic programs. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS has started its implementation of iCGPA in 2016. iCGPA is driven by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) system that has been long integrated into the higher education in Malaysia. iCGPA is not only a tool to enhance the OBE concept through constructive alignment but it is also an integrated mechanism to assist various stakeholders in making decisions or planning for program improvement. The outcome of this integrated system is the reporting of students’ academic performance in terms of cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (attitude) of which the students acquire throughout the duration of their study. The iCGPA reporting illustrates the attainment of student’s attribute in the eight domains of learning outcomes listed in the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF). This paper discusses on the implementation of iCGPA in UNIMAS on the policy and strategy to direct the whole university to implement the iCGPA. The steps and challenges in integrating the exsting Outcome-Based Education and utilising iCGPA as a tool to quantify the students’ achievement are also highlighted in this paper. Finally, the ACADEMIA system, which is a dedicated centralised program ensure the implementation of iCGPA is a success has been developed. This paper discusses the structure and the analysis of ACADEMIA program and concludes the analysis made on the improvement made on the implementation of constructive alignment in all 40 programs involves in iCGPA implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructive%20alignment" title="constructive alignment">constructive alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20graduates" title=" holistic graduates"> holistic graduates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping%20of%20assessment" title=" mapping of assessment"> mapping of assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20outcome" title=" programme outcome"> programme outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051/measurement-and-monitoring-of-graduate-attributes-via-icgpa-implementation-and-academia-programming-unimas-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Robot-Assisted Learning for Communication-Care in Autism Intervention </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamimi%20Shamsuddin">Syamimi Shamsuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanafiah%20Yussof"> Hanafiah Yussof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazah%20Akhtar%20Hanapiah"> Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salina%20Mohamed"> Salina Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Farah%20Farhan%20Jamil"> Nur Farah Farhan Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhana%20Wan%20Yunus"> Farhana Wan Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robot-based intervention for children with autism is an evolving research niche in human-robot interaction (HRI). Recent studies in this area mostly covered the role of robots in the clinical and experimental setting. Our previous work had shown that interaction with a robot pose no adverse effects on the children. Also, the presence of the robot, together with specific modules of interaction was associated with less autistic behavior. Extending this impact on school-going children, interactions that are in-tune with special education lessons are needed. This methodological paper focuses on how a robot can be incorporated in a current learning environment for autistic children. Six interaction scenarios had been designed based on the existing syllabus to teach communication skills, using the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) technique as the framework. Development of the robotic experience in class also covers the required set-up involving participation from teachers. The actual research conduct involving autistic children, teachers and robot shall take place in the next phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASD" title=" ASD"> ASD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanoid%20robot" title=" humanoid robot"> humanoid robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20skills" title=" communication skills"> communication skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot-assisted%20learning" title=" robot-assisted learning"> robot-assisted learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22492/robot-assisted-learning-for-communication-care-in-autism-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Conversion of Jatropha curcas Oil to Ester Biolubricant Using Solid Catalyst Derived from Saltwater Clam Shell Waste (SCSW)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Nurdin">Said Nurdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20A.%20Misebah"> Fatimah A. Misebah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20M.%20Yunus"> Rosli M. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20S.%20Mahmud"> Mohd S. Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Z.%20Sulaiman"> Ahmad Z. Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discarded clam shell waste, fossil and edible oil as biolubricant feedstocks create environmental impacts and food chain dilemma, thus this work aims to circumvent these issues by using activated saltwater clam shell waste (SCSW) as solid catalyst for conversion of Jatropha curcas oil as non-edible sources to ester biolubricant. The characterization of solid catalyst was done by Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The calcined catalyst was used in the transesterification of Jatropha oil to methyl ester as the first step, and the second stage was involved the reaction of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) based on the various process parameters. The formated biolubricant was analyzed using the capillary column (DB-5HT) equipped Gas Chromatography (GC). The conversion results of Jatropha oil to ester biolubricant can be found nearly 96.66%, and the maximum distribution composition mainly contains 72.3% of triester (TE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title="conversion">conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatropha%20curcas%20oil" title=" Jatropha curcas oil"> Jatropha curcas oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ester%20biolubricant" title=" ester biolubricant"> ester biolubricant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20catalyst" title=" solid catalyst"> solid catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14847/conversion-of-jatropha-curcas-oil-to-ester-biolubricant-using-solid-catalyst-derived-from-saltwater-clam-shell-waste-scsw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Optimization of Soybean Oil by Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20R.%20Putra">N. R. Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Abdul%20Aziz"> A. H. Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Zaini"> A. S. Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Idham"> Z. Idham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Idrus"> F. Idrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Bin%20Zullyadini"> M. Z. Bin Zullyadini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Che%20Yunus"> M. A. Che Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The content of omega-3 in soybean oil is important in the development of infants and is an alternative for the omega-3 in fish oils. The investigation of extraction of soybean oil is needed to obtain the bioactive compound in the extract. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is modern and green technology to extract herbs and plants to obtain high quality extract due to high diffusivity and solubility of the solvent. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum condition of soybean oil extraction by modified supercritical carbon dioxide. The soybean oil was extracted by using modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) under the temperatures of 40, 60, 80 °C, pressures of 150, 250, 350 Bar, and constant flow-rate of 10 g/min as the parameters of extraction processes. An experimental design was performed in order to optimize three important parameters of SC-CO<sub>2 </sub>extraction which are pressure (X<sub>1</sub>), temperature (X<sub>2</sub>) to achieve optimum yields of soybean oil. Box Behnken Design was applied for experimental design. From the optimization process, the optimum condition of extraction of soybean oil was obtained at pressure 338 Bar and temperature 80 °C with oil yield of 2.713 g. Effect of pressure is significant on the extraction of soybean oil by modified supercritical carbon dioxide. Increasing of pressure will increase the oil yield of soybean oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20oil" title="soybean oil">soybean oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SC-CO%E2%82%82%20extraction" title=" SC-CO₂ extraction"> SC-CO₂ extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97054/optimization-of-soybean-oil-by-modified-supercritical-carbon-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> NO2 Exposure Effect on the Occurrence of Pulmonary Dysfunction the Police Traffic in Jakarta</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20Wispriyono">Bambang Wispriyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satria%20Pratama"> Satria Pratama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haryoto%20Kusnoputranto"> Haryoto Kusnoputranto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Yunus"> Faisal Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meliana%20Sari"> Meliana Sari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction/objective: The impact of the development of motor vehicles is increasing the number of pollutants in the air. One of the substances that cause serious health problems is NO2. The health impacts arising from exposure to NO2 include pulmonary function impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of NO2 exposure on the incidence of pulmonary function impairment. Methods: We are using a cross-sectional study design with 110 traffic police who were divided into two groups: exposed (police officers working on the highway) and the unexposed group (police officers working in the office). Election subject convenient sampling carried out in each group to the minimum number of samples met. Results: The results showed that the average NO2 in the exposed group was 18.72 ppb and unexposed group is 4.14 ppb. Pulmonary dysfunction on exposed and unexposed groups showed that FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) value are 88.68 and 90.27. And FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in One) value are 94.9 and 95.16. Some variables like waist circumference, Body Mass Index, Visceral Fat, and Fat has associated with the incidence of Pulmonary Dysfunction (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Health monitoring is needed to decreasing health risk in Policeman. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO2" title="NO2">NO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20dysfunction" title=" pulmonary dysfunction"> pulmonary dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20traffic" title=" police traffic"> police traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakarta" title=" Jakarta"> Jakarta</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62743/no2-exposure-effect-on-the-occurrence-of-pulmonary-dysfunction-the-police-traffic-in-jakarta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Identity Formation Towards Design Typology of Malay Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Hayati%20Binti%20Ismail">Noor Hayati Binti Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastor%20Bin%20Surat"> Mastor Bin Surat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Nafida%20Binti%20Raja%20Shahminan"> Raja Nafida Binti Raja Shahminan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrul%20Kamil%20Bin%20Yunus"> Shahrul Kamil Bin Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional Malay house built in the various custom and culture for every state in Malaysia. Each state has its characteristics, design and different concepts that form the distinctive identity. The uniqueness of a traditional house design is a symbolize of Negeri Sembilan society. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the feature, a traditional Malay house in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This typology will describe five types of traditional Malay houses in Negeri Sembilan by briefly about the concept of a traditional Malay house design. The design represents a variety of purposes that are often associated with its own culture and customs practiced by the community. In addition, the design of long tapering roof with both ends of the roof went up a little bit architecture has become an identity of its own in Negeri Sembilan. The study involves several villages of traditional houses in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Data collection was obtained through a process of observation, interviews, questionnaire and taking photos related. Through this research, We are expected to provide awareness and also a reference to the next generation of traditional houses in Malaysia especially in Negeri Sembilan. Identity and uniqueness of traditional houses Negeri Sembilan increasingly difficult to maintain and can be kept from being lost in their own land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Malay%20house" title=" traditional Malay house"> traditional Malay house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typology" title=" typology"> typology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25141/identity-formation-towards-design-typology-of-malay-traditional-house-in-negeri-sembilan-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">624</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Application of Data Driven Based Models as Early Warning Tools of High Stream Flow Events and Floods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Seyam">Mohammed Seyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Othman"> Faridah Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20El-Shafie"> Ahmed El-Shafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The early warning of high stream flow events (HSF) and floods is an important aspect in the management of surface water and rivers systems. This process can be performed using either process-based models or data driven-based models such as artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The main goal of this study is to develop efficient AI-based model for predicting the real-time hourly stream flow (Q) and apply it as early warning tool of HSF and floods in the downstream area of the Selangor River basin, taken here as a paradigm of humid tropical rivers in Southeast Asia. The performance of AI-based models has been improved through the integration of the lag time (Lt) estimation in the modelling process. A total of 8753 patterns of Q, water level, and rainfall hourly records representing one-year period (2011) were utilized in the modelling process. Six hydrological scenarios have been arranged through hypothetical cases of input variables to investigate how the changes in RF intensity in upstream stations can lead formation of floods. The initial SF was changed for each scenario in order to include wide range of hydrological situations in this study. The performance evaluation of the developed AI-based model shows that high correlation coefficient (R) between the observed and predicted Q is achieved. The AI-based model has been successfully employed in early warning throughout the advance detection of the hydrological conditions that could lead to formations of floods and HSF, where represented by three levels of severity (i.e., alert, warning, and danger). Based on the results of the scenarios, reaching the danger level in the downstream area required high RF intensity in at least two upstream areas. According to results of applications, it can be concluded that AI-based models are beneficial tools to the local authorities for flood control and awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floods" title="floods">floods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20flow" title=" stream flow"> stream flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20modelling" title=" hydrological modelling"> hydrological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title=" hydrology"> hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67451/application-of-data-driven-based-models-as-early-warning-tools-of-high-stream-flow-events-and-floods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Yunus&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Yunus&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About 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