CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91359ea419023e13',cH: 'ndEQo64fU.xWU1OIgqWPGkXN.hqlqc39vRHSfCVSMMo-1739793654-1.2.1.1-5_cE3.izZaj8pHZ.nASegQtDjeQgOBzhpUjOrXiGSV7mpo.bCxyMw_VjFH5YbL8K',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=bio-activity&__cf_chl_tk=78.vYyU2J9dknzmyhk2g41SvJOngEtzcJP_fYaZGCho-1739793654-1.0.1.1-qaeAQIHezKOokyd17.H73vFEXPPJiBZDFPB9wywDAOU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739793654',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=bio-activity&__cf_chl_f_tk=78.vYyU2J9dknzmyhk2g41SvJOngEtzcJP_fYaZGCho-1739793654-1.0.1.1-qaeAQIHezKOokyd17.H73vFEXPPJiBZDFPB9wywDAOU",md: "1ipSDTx3cm_C3wKltskA6lH3mqjRGgY2QUvCKrolNKc-1739793654-1.2.1.1-cx.sxrCpTZ3MqLwi0ltKH.i0BYsfuhBB48vFjGmhqH3jKt7zVzmZSqvippU0OfUyCFbLIo9pdmxMQ.3Q7J0oNIYix397zalXI.Wnp2PuTCuDu2fCYUsmi7pbNEH483sA6MqqV3rM_L2fVRskX9FfzpsVpf0aRTGwOrScYbbUW4K1wFCWCRqVjMqlAbc0.9Cd0rGFAiONF6yIy3qynkobcZVNBJMSUZIQ9y5GTH1cvQJ7uYTHRkCz.5mc4_MCeCX5AhE4EKtrs4aqJVw7Iby.7xV2xT7EohoEyE8teM4a0kAn8IfrU0m24wBiroDCm1YDR9VOEy3n8RpameYYIWnuPY0FtDxL49lvS866lK83SwuxjC7gu0wHPqZZnTmPmMtgAzNBnqSugrVDcwNVxXlGNnf8fbmBPwYPDtkRBbVMOePtNK.yIIk5nFC9AAyIaquwttoNcKTKbe_Pwlg1QUonhzU7EHYER69veXRuiHaLQTTY1u2BNnOGOa0CfAonFpQUR33h3PcX7ZilX.KxoFCitclTsp69p9qtNVRK_c3hdxRzKxsq__jWH6VW9dOIkeQngdHS1wKLcZeuGkLQvDZhROCBBcQqRMxXsBk2Yt7C4gkcRPAb0DUbZsuNJiqwM0li5O6B8DxEpk.yrQ3WK8BJJZ37JqhS62c4qCtLn7Rv9pvzxo5vqZcdKJWjzWli16iNsL8qrYBacVz22SM.3fsBH2VJwzYGlVetx.9PFqfjpPasHqKAGVk_VbYVat1ktFF_oynFP.U26CX5iGQZGfLDcp1jjvKy2Y7PCf0r_g0DaCOQpXxsZGNXxBuLiTGKuFGLGpM255EpfN52.PpARl58TqU5N6MdkOGYXse_TeoX0n5Vutc8R8TL0sZnW_T0DVFLZf5KUGxnvh3G7SyByMDEyouP2SoXRAJ7tlvLQwwLpC2OQxayuJfjF7bEYSjnfX.z2FML9ybrdpct_vN3ivntJzXDGJTchcD_45VkVAUxEORbepkrvFp6kKKvGdQjHOMC70UTyPe3_OJBdoHeJo1MsBxL2fMXzIXXXNXtNIKY5sGVHxd4bqmicyWXZ7oMTtfiLBzC3p1LldytZHhytnqfB6DHvH5GFuLRTubq5_tf3x0fPEAitMGx6iEQZt6SVXFo02CqBb6n17_4iHAHNTAu72r8cHkBe1pAawgyzyDHQPtafDTfNyGd1GSi0vLb_YbIGY0JW_fSK0RQZAdWwiPxY6dsXSi1LfykJhbdsJP8NlQiD66YnwvUT684JcIpxU8bcezNK138WmxFv8xelqinJ2v6Ajr_B_IEoICWI2KN1DV44vz8AW7TbUHP0qdTiPc0gV.iM.qWvOoR_7fHYBDR0yuyZ877hEPmUngw73zFQbHg5tzs2mJ9.ACmLiOa4LKIho9BPlE.PBc.Ke_BXL7MsGtuovHwgV9QVEdupsGqEB0EvZHtNy7zCotsDKn.6ozU8klqFOCZscCattr5xmiyuBHtzQTLT6ss10oWaUCihF7NMNktSSnx5omhVny42rvSoUp3Ip_qFxOVdnMG40Mc32EgGXLleE8N_aiJHfSoK4jUlH1zjzVXkjEACh0EI9ZFYkTTiT14zPolNXV67p3H3HgYsvUWYHA7cH8d3DYL9S5XWtzO8Jy7LUiHPz9Omlk0f24GqQa_SV4l_HVcrX80xP6ITCRWde39MKk.LMjPtvd2sgp1FHdR7c3Yg0AHvRdIwf6zgZI9EDJFnlA9pxqvi6AwYXe8jDt35j2JT8c73PZlaQ9nom9VTJAkc2J_BPqrGGkuTqV2RTdRwtBkhNNToDMICzhkPm2.V2LaStHwWNHm4oa01ZhEOJhWhc.F4LELLFkovC2TbUXESBWG4RGCpoxM3IMEDo4CiJeypIlmr.LwjCzhcdPNRtu8oFrfA0Q0ouz1Pl7.Z5Hax_zyIrZ2Xw",mdrd: "NcBz01CwploKi1Q3cnh1cCcYbbT1MMfPHbxIXIGGZZ4-1739793654-1.2.1.1-NNa0G8xlsCfqaUleoP.zqD3A7QfNCSfVli0vu0Iiv3IkcX8eH4N.FWvg5ABKfTIsbEb3OiKwA.oInKNxxIhbfzF2Iqi_g5WujlfdGAJtFiFof7OxtgCGAWoW9S7ijXb7BHA3aVs9G8qv5XnND2EJdhfneapeTbY9kLXFS2uErWkHsu_bzqusq2tDM9NVj8G4hsasdh7THuo0Rw_e7jVfwLV2_PNIqeoy.5XzelovJU1fGsTr33vj13ZV5NnFz6mr7hslC0cvSbbKrkv6PImG8VdD_dwhnrBdp8GxR7lV9f6DMkqzLC_kznffUhNp2cTufOsCv_Ihdl2bIdLldt5Wxz3D5CnakP10sAoaNPcGG4J3Lf93fY_RsViNYt1SM1Rz9Z3HUqA5O6pLUUtoxrEzTdseAdddDVGvOwTlDaqNv2cYS0kYTkI9X2GXtbaHTPM3a1.uRFUX2bR_lw1AY0756iv69qUCdvhyMZ67vLeVLYVxdMtn7B.1baunJSDRGAEKu0SZoGTHC253Be9tInftvCF_pgo0wfpOYIHGIskC9vTYVfuZ0bLYiAmMWsh.u5uCISsH3lyuohFYXBfs4D.xy7KerMOj5HeQhkzw9xIz_XivLfzKdhCPICmCThITut.Qw6av428XHaqNmSv6Dt4BLq65LNqEjrMFgI0z5b4S7kGH2L1k7ZHR_Tc04NTyE4tvXflORLWnnQHyPXC5c3S1Bu6QqgHqtZ20DOYmj4vGw_pDP3RfGMLsT2i6FcRMdzh0IGiGLI_HvBS7ix2tL54C.8xMGjT9irAJij_2NIRkzSZZNfTCNPwdU5pU1KCusYK2TI8XHaIQRa9Yp.57h4ns6dEypkGqKPTdqhaCTVsH.0mZ8yV51CP7wN7riixZaRpa1GoWe2GZYA0.jya5kZDpD5XQBqP7xGUNfDb5cfj2xRh_LvaPYWJ_2Hmcy8x8QaUFQk2ZF7uTDEBQ2y9seqt0KTxRg.IDcok2dscUkcH4Ylc.OHhbExX_eQkRV.8quPOzPfnlK0E_f545_3WwVkv1TysZZm1iZi0.U5m0xVH_UZaw5TH6A8jUnpYSC7lDyUbHudTfdHr2Fayo_hJvs6wIxyk0HRKpXeoWWq95mY5mpHvG8zikqZErKbij3.9EimVjTMNBF6LTf6Py6xmrAOTRh5PUOn.9a.Ngq83EV64y2wRHjEojKdQNnxWJ4SzJp7E6VQkgzXiQsL3XhdQP4ADsk9KS2jkVt9788sBayUYvK0uSdgd8ZHqn2PJT_I8Ih0ONYLCrths4y6mZxDJkmliz_znlNLpluC8Eks_ZLDrPvNid4ixXF6GfYo6IYytXvd82cdbOMQIK9GBy7FJUxy8_SIkF9Qb3BPYF9BU0RqLs_OcHq5cM15N3OrvKa4R7x9skOM9hCVmhXQHkalQq3ozo8Iua6YP.5_rjPtMxHJdCC0vNabhC9A2Zzmss1UIbHinjS4w2tMTlSYN1owmJ_HjxeHeE_qhLGs3f0uU0fStg1bn00Lua.hloXJk0QXyW3YNg8St56b9wXjy3_RcLgxpy60.vsJCu5pFIprHk2HaF8mow8Fy5TMosc9B9j9DnAESac69o9eiu4Jt1YQA.zaEBN4Kah5qE49GfO.tDP2yOOHmdglq3vU_hGzwcDYNWQtDApO.22N0N1TWUv6yC4YOE02YwUfPpHAA3LdpqNgjUqYTh3OOXB4DUo9PaozE4wyVhDiPKCwUqhuALrB0mQjcFy2VmPIqy9HGmoFBXGgC5OMuzzsOnMD4OkxYgjeQdTuIkI46KjPhKpI6TRNBtVbPSX.HZ_syduYym0qC6hk61hGEBdLzpGFeXYbEoR6B1CxOPyRfqUB.2o4O8vLYFDTLrT.1LXSQCiA64x7LAbOI4QzeFJgSQW5872TEoBqRF0USaE7ylzuQEUIgPdBI.DS.r5UblKNpw2F7krkQL1FAuvl9YlyWiVeIqwlQ7Zcr8VgD2ksdQ6RDfBwyhSaBMQ.EynA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91359ea419023e13';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=bio-activity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=78.vYyU2J9dknzmyhk2g41SvJOngEtzcJP_fYaZGCho-1739793654-1.0.1.1-qaeAQIHezKOokyd17.H73vFEXPPJiBZDFPB9wywDAOU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>