CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Social Democratic Party (UK) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"03ddeaaa-2883-41fd-bffa-e0551a3750de","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)","wgTitle":"Social Democratic Party (UK)","wgCurRevisionId":1276600662,"wgRevisionId":1276600662,"wgArticleId":40605472,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from November 2012","Use dmy dates from September 2020","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016","Articles with hCards","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Social Democratic Party (UK)","1981 establishments in the United Kingdom", "1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom","Centre-left parties in the United Kingdom","Centrist political parties in the United Kingdom","Defunct social democratic parties in the United Kingdom","Liberal parties in the United Kingdom","Political schisms","Social liberal parties","Political parties established in 1981","Political parties disestablished in 1988"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)","wgRelevantArticleId":40605472,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search": true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q40052","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/1200px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="721"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/800px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/640px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="384"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Social Democratic Party (UK) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Social_Democratic_Party_UK rootpage-Social_Democratic_Party_UK skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Social+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Social+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Social+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Social+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-March_1973_Lincoln_by-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_1973_Lincoln_by-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>March 1973 Lincoln by-election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_1973_Lincoln_by-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_SDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_SDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creation of the SDP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_SDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The Alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger,_disestablishment_and_splits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger,_disestablishment_and_splits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Merger, disestablishment and splits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger,_disestablishment_and_splits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure and organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure_and_organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure and organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Policy_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Policy Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>National Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_for_Social_Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_for_Social_Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Council for Social Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_for_Social_Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Commons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Commons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>House of Commons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Commons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By-elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By-elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>By-elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By-elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leadership history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders_of_the_SDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders_of_the_SDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Leaders of the SDP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders_of_the_SDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Democratic Party (UK)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي (المملكة المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي (المملكة المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF)" title="সামাজিক গণতান্ত্রিক দল (যুক্তরাজ্য) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সামাজিক গণতান্ত্রিক দল (যুক্তরাজ্য)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Socialdem%C3%B2crata_(Regne_Unit)" title="Partit Socialdemòcrata (Regne Unit) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Socialdemòcrata (Regne Unit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Democratiaid_Cymdeithasol_(DU)" title="Y Democratiaid Cymdeithasol (DU) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Democratiaid Cymdeithasol (DU)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Social_Dem%C3%B3crata_(Reino_Unido)" title="Partido Social Demócrata (Reino Unido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Social Demócrata (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_socia_demokrata_(Britio)" title="Partio socia demokrata (Britio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio socia demokrata (Britio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="حزب سوسیال دموکرات (بریتانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب سوسیال دموکرات (بریتانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Parti social-démocrate (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti social-démocrate (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9_(%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD)" title="사회민주당 (영국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회민주당 (영국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Social_Democratico_(Regno_Unito)" title="Partito Social Democratico (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Social Democratico (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%AA)" title="המפלגה הסוציאל-דמוקרטית (הממלכה המאוחדת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה הסוציאל-דמוקרטית (הממלכה המאוחדת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D)" title="სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტია (გაერთიანებული სამეფო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტია (გაერთიანებული სამეფო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Социал-демократиялық партиялар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Социал-демократиялық партиялар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialdemokrat%C5%B3_partija_(Jungtin%C4%97_Karalyst%C4%97)" title="Socialdemokratų partija (Jungtinė Karalystė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Socialdemokratų partija (Jungtinė Karalystė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%89_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="الحزب الاجتماعى الديموقراطى (المملكة المتحدة) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الاجتماعى الديموقراطى (المملكة المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Social Democratic Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Social Democratic Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9)" title="社会民主党 (イギリス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会民主党 (イギリス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_sosialdemokratiske_parti_(Storbritannia)" title="Det sosialdemokratiske parti (Storbritannia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det sosialdemokratiske parti (Storbritannia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Socjaldemokratyczna_(Wielka_Brytania,_1981)" title="Partia Socjaldemokratyczna (Wielka Brytania, 1981) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Socjaldemokratyczna (Wielka Brytania, 1981)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Social_Democrata_(Reino_Unido)" title="Partido Social Democrata (Reino Unido) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Social Democrata (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F,_1981%E2%80%941988)" title="Социал-демократическая партия (Великобритания, 1981—1988) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Социал-демократическая партия (Великобритания, 1981—1988)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Social Democratic Party (UK)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party" title="Social Democratic Party – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Social Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Соціал-демократична партія (Велика Британія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соціал-демократична партія (Велика Британія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="社會民主黨 (英國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="社會民主黨 (英國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40052#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&oldid=1276600662" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Social_Democratic_Party_%28UK%29&id=1276600662&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSocial_Democratic_Party_%28UK%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSocial_Democratic_Party_%28UK%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Social_Democratic_Party_%28UK%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40052" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in the United Kingdom (1981–88)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the current minor political party of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)</a>. For other parties with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1979)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1979)">Social Democratic Party (UK, 1979)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1988%E2%80%931990)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)">Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6C2f56; border-bottom:2px solid #6C2f56; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Social Democratic Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_Democratic_Party_logo_(1981).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/180px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/270px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg/360px-Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">SDP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">26 March 1981<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3 March 1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1988%E2%80%931990)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)">SDP (1988)</a> (minority)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/4_Cowley_Street" title="4 Cowley Street">4 Cowley Street</a>, London</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Young Social Democrats</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1979%E2%80%931984)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)">Technical Group of Independents</a><br />(1983–1984)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Red and blue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Breaking the Mould</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6C2f56;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Social Democratic Party</b> (<b>SDP</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party in the United Kingdom">political party in the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Centrist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centrist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party supported a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> (favouring a system inspired by the German <a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">social market economy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral reform in the United Kingdom">electoral reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralised state</a> while rejecting the possibility of trade unions being overly influential within <a href="/wiki/Industrial_relations" title="Industrial relations">industrial relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SDP officially advocated <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unofficially for <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism#United_Kingdom" title="Social liberalism">social liberalism</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Driver2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driver2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adams1998_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams1998-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SDP was founded on 26 March 1981 by four senior <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> moderates, dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a>":<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a>, who issued the <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CookStevenson2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CookStevenson2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owen and Rodgers were sitting Labour Members of Parliament (MPs); Jenkins had left Parliament in 1977 to serve as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>, while Williams had lost her seat in the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>. All four had held cabinet experience in the 1970s before Labour lost power in 1979. The four left the Labour Party as a result of the January 1981 Wembley conference which committed the party to unilateral <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">nuclear disarmament</a> and withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>. They also believed that Labour had become too left-wing, and had been <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">infiltrated</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">constituency party</a> level by <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a> whose views and behaviour they considered to be at odds with the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> and Labour voters. </p><p>Shortly after its formation, the SDP formed a <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">political and electoral alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a>, which lasted through the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a> and <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general elections</a>. In 1988, the two parties merged, forming the <a href="/wiki/Social_and_Liberal_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Social and Liberal Democrats">Social and Liberal Democrats</a>, later renamed the Liberal Democrats,<sup id="cite_ref-BarberisMcHugh2000_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarberisMcHugh2000-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a minority, led by Owen, left to form a <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1988)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)">continuing SDP</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the party can be traced back to the ideological divisions in the Labour Party in the 1950s (with its forerunner being the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a> established to support the <a href="/wiki/Gaitskellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaitskellites">Gaitskellites</a>), but publicly lies in the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Dimbleby_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimbleby Lecture">Dimbleby Lecture</a> given by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> as he neared the end of his <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">presidency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. Jenkins argued the necessity for a realignment in British politics, and discussed whether this could be brought about from within the existing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>, or from a new group driven by European principles of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some areas, the <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a> were held to be systematically targeting weak local party branches in safe seat areas in order to have their own candidates selected, and thus become MPs. <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Milne" title="Eddie Milne">Eddie Milne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Blyth_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Blyth Valley (UK Parliament constituency)">Blyth</a> (Northumberland) and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Taverne" title="Dick Taverne">Dick Taverne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lincoln (UK Parliament constituency)">Lincoln</a> were both victims of such intrigues during the 1970s, but in both cases there was enough of a local outcry by party members – and the electorate – for them to fight and win their seats as independent candidates against the official Labour candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="March_1973_Lincoln_by-election">March 1973 Lincoln by-election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: March 1973 Lincoln by-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1973_Lincoln_by-election" title="1973 Lincoln by-election">1973 Lincoln by-election</a></div> <p>In Taverne's case, he had been fighting efforts by the Lincoln <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a> to deselect him largely over his support for British membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Communities</a>. In October 1972 he resigned his seat to force a <a href="/wiki/1973_Lincoln_by-election" title="1973 Lincoln by-election">by-election</a> in which he fought as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(UK,_1972)" title="Democratic Labour Party (UK, 1972)">Democratic Labour</a> candidate against the official party candidate. Taverne won by an unexpectedly large margin.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_by-election_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_by-election-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded the short lived <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Social_Democracy" title="Campaign for Social Democracy">Campaign for Social Democracy</a> (CFSD) thereafter, and wrote a book about events surrounding the by-election called <i>The Future of the Left – Lincoln and After</i> (1972). But the CFSD failed to gain nationwide support, and Taverne lost the seat at the <a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">October 1974 general election</a>. Some independent Social Democrats contested the October 1974 and <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general elections</a>, but none were elected. </p><p>Taverne's Lincoln by-election campaign was also helped to a lesser degree by problems with the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_and_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative and Unionist Party">Conservative and Unionist Party</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Monday_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Monday Club">Conservative Monday Club</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Guinness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Guinness">Jonathan Guinness</a>. His suggestion during the by-election that murderers should have razor blades left in their cells so they could decently commit suicide resulted in him being nicknamed "Old Razor Blades" during the campaign. This, combined with considerable Conservative grassroots disquiet over the Monday Club's links to the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a>, persuaded some Conservative voters to switch to Taverne in protest as much as tactically to ensure Labour suffered an embarrassing loss. (Guinness had been elected as Chairman specifically to eradicate such links.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_the_SDP">Creation of the SDP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation of the SDP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirley_Williams,_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/93px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/140px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/186px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/91px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/137px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/182px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Owen-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/90px-David_Owen-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/135px-David_Owen-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/180px-David_Owen-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/94px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/141px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/188px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The gang of four, clockwise; <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a></div></div></div></div> <p>On 25 January 1981, leading figures from the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a>, known collectively as the "<a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a>") launched the Council for Social Democracy, after outlining their policies in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a>. In March it was renamed the Social Democratic Party. The "Gang of Four" were <a href="/wiki/Centrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrists">centrists</a>, who defected from the Labour Party due to what they perceived to be the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a> and the "<a href="/wiki/Hard_left" title="Hard left">hard left</a>" within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-ChildsStorry2013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChildsStorry2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sassoon2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sassoon2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirteen Labour MPs initially declared support for the Council for Social Democracy. On 20 February 1981, three of these <a href="/wiki/Tom_Ellis_(politician)" title="Tom Ellis (politician)">Tom Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crawshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Crawshaw">Richard Crawshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Ian Wrigglesworth</a> resigned the Labour whip and another, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(British_politician)" title="Tom Bradley (British politician)">Tom Bradley</a>, announced he would not contest his seat again as a Labour candidate. These moves were reported to be a clear move towards formally creating a new centre party.<sup id="cite_ref-GH21Feb1981_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH21Feb1981-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Labour Party deputy leader, <a href="/wiki/Baron_George-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron George-Brown">Baron George-Brown</a> also announced his membership of the Council for Social Democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-GH5thFeb1981p1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH5thFeb1981p1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Democratic", "Democratic Labour", and "Radical" were all mentioned as possible names for the new party, as well as "New Labour"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but eventually "Social Democratic" was settled on because the "Gang of Four" consciously wanted to mould the philosophy and ideology of the new party on the social democracy practised on mainland Europe. </p><p>The opening statement of principles contained in the preamble of the party's constitution stated that: "The SDP exists to create and defend an open, classless and more equal society which rejects prejudices based upon sex, race, colour or religion". The constitution set out the establishment of a "Council for Social Democracy" (CSD) which was, in effect, the party's standing conference. Each area party was entitled to elect delegates to the CSD. A number of internal groups flourished within the new party, the most notable of which was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawney_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawney Society (page does not exist)">Tawney Society</a> (mirroring the function of the Fabian Society within the Labour Party). </p><p>Twenty-eight Labour MPs eventually joined the new party, along with one member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Brocklebank-Fowler" title="Christopher Brocklebank-Fowler">Christopher Brocklebank-Fowler</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/North_West_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Norfolk">North West Norfolk</a>, who joined on 16 March 1981, a fortnight after the party's launch. Williams and Jenkins were not at the time Members of Parliament, but were elected to the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> at by-elections in <a href="/wiki/1981_Crosby_by-election" title="1981 Crosby by-election">Crosby</a> and <a href="/wiki/1982_Glasgow_Hillhead_by-election" title="1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election">Glasgow Hillhead</a> respectively. </p><p>The defecting Labour MPs were: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(British_politician)" title="Tom Bradley (British politician)">Tom Bradley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leicester_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Leicester East">Leicester East</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brown_(English_politician)" title="Ronald Brown (English politician)">Ronald Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hackney_South_and_Shoreditch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackney South and Shoreditch">Hackney South and Shoreditch</a>) <i>– joined on 2 December 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cartwright_(British_politician)" title="John Cartwright (British politician)">John Cartwright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Woolwich_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Woolwich East (UK Parliament constituency)">Woolwich East</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crawshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Crawshaw">Richard Crawshaw</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Toxteth" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Toxteth">Liverpool Toxteth</a>) <i>– resigned Lab whip 20 February 1981, joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cunningham_(British_politician)" title="George Cunningham (British politician)">George Cunningham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islington_South_and_Finsbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Islington South and Finsbury">Islington South and Finsbury</a>) <i>– resigned Lab whip 30 November 1981, joined on 16 June 1982</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Douglas-Mann" title="Bruce Douglas-Mann">Bruce Douglas-Mann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitcham_and_Morden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitcham and Morden">Mitcham and Morden</a>, resigned his seat and lost <a href="/wiki/1982_Mitcham_and_Morden_by-election" title="1982 Mitcham and Morden by-election">the ensuing by-election</a>) <i>– joined on 11 December 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(British_politician)" title="James Dunn (British politician)">James Dunn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Kirkdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Kirkdale">Liverpool Kirkdale</a>) <i>– joined on 7 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ellis_(politician)" title="Tom Ellis (politician)">Tom Ellis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wrexham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wrexham (UK Parliament constituency)">Wrexham</a>) <i>– resigned Lab whip 20 February 1981, joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ginsburg_(politician)" title="David Ginsburg (politician)">David Ginsburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dewsbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dewsbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Dewsbury</a>) <i>– joined on 6 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(British_politician)" title="John Grant (British politician)">John Grant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islington_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Islington Central">Islington Central</a>) <i>– joined on 16 November 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Horam" title="John Horam">John Horam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gateshead_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gateshead West (UK Parliament constituency)">Gateshead West</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ednyfed_Hudson_Davies" title="Ednyfed Hudson Davies">Ednyfed Hudson Davies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Caerphilly (UK Parliament constituency)">Caerphilly</a>) <i>– joined on 22 December 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lyons_(British_politician)" title="Edward Lyons (British politician)">Edward Lyons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bradford_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford West">Bradford West</a>) <i>– joined on 19 March 1981</i></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Dickson_Mabon" title="Dickson Mabon">Dickson Mabon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenock_and_Port_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenock and Port Glasgow">Greenock and Port Glasgow</a>) <i>– joined on 1 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Magee" title="Bryan Magee">Bryan Magee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leyton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leyton (UK Parliament constituency)">Leyton</a>) <i>– resigned Lab whip 22 January 1982, joined in March 1982</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Maclennan">Robert Maclennan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caithness_and_Sutherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Caithness and Sutherland">Caithness and Sutherland</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom McNally">Tom McNally</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stockport_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockport South">Stockport South</a>) <i>– joined on 7 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mitchell_(British_politician)" title="Bob Mitchell (British politician)">Bob Mitchell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southampton_Itchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton Itchen">Southampton Itchen</a>) <i>– joined on 5 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Ogden_(politician)" title="Eric Ogden (politician)">Eric Ogden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_West_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool West Derby">Liverpool West Derby</a>) <i>– joined on 29 October 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Halloran_(British_politician)" title="Michael O'Halloran (British politician)">Michael O'Halloran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islington_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)">Islington North</a>) <i>– joined on 7 September 1981; resigned from SDP on 10 February 1983, after not being selected as a general election candidate</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Devonport" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Devonport">Plymouth Devonport</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">William Rodgers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stockton-on-Tees (UK Parliament constituency)">Stockton-on-Tees</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roper,_Baron_Roper" title="John Roper, Baron Roper">John Roper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farnworth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Farnworth (UK Parliament constituency)">Farnworth</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Sandelson" title="Neville Sandelson">Neville Sandelson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hayes_and_Harlington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hayes and Harlington (UK Parliament constituency)">Hayes and Harlington</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Thomas_(politician)" title="Jeffrey Thomas (politician)">Jeffrey Thomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abertillery_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Abertillery (UK Parliament constituency)">Abertillery</a>) <i>– joined on 11 December 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Thomas_(politician)" title="Mike Thomas (politician)">Mike Thomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newcastle upon Tyne East (UK Parliament constituency)">Newcastle East</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wellbeloved" title="James Wellbeloved">James Wellbeloved</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erith_and_Crayford" class="mw-redirect" title="Erith and Crayford">Erith and Crayford</a>) <i>– joined on 4 July 1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Ian Wrigglesworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thornaby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Thornaby (UK Parliament constituency)">Thornaby</a>) <i>– joined new party on its launch, 2 March 1981</i></li></ul> </div> <p>Nine Labour members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> also joined the SDP on its creation, eight of whom had previously held ministerial office. In a letter to Labour Party leader <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>, the defecting peers said they had taken their decision "with great sorrow".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden,_Baron_Aylestone" title="Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone">Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harris,_Baron_Harris_of_Greenwich" title="John Harris, Baron Harris of Greenwich">John Harris, Baron Harris of Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walston,_Baron_Walston" title="Henry Walston, Baron Walston">Henry Walston, Baron Walston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Burton,_Baroness_Burton_of_Coventry" title="Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry">Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donaldson,_Baron_Donaldson_of_Kingsbridge" title="Jack Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge">Jack Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_Young,_2nd_Baron_Kennet" title="Wayland Young, 2nd Baron Kennet">Wayland Young, 2nd Baron Kennet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Winterbottom,_Baron_Winterbottom" title="Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom">Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Dartington" title="Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington">Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Much of the party's initial public membership came from the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Alliance (UK)">Social Democratic Alliance</a>. The party also received a boost with the recruitment of former student leaders from outside the Labour Party. These included former Communist Party of Great Britain member <a href="/wiki/Sue_Slipman" title="Sue Slipman">Sue Slipman</a> as well as Conservative Party members including: <a href="/wiki/Adair_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Adair Turner">Adair Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayhoe" title="Tom Hayhoe">Tom Hayhoe</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the SDP was seen as being largely a breakaway from the right-wing of the Labour Party, a 1984 internal party survey found that 65% of its membership had not belonged to a political party before, with 22% being drawn from Labour, 8% from the Conservatives and 8% from the Liberals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995562_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995562-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1981 Opinion Research Centre survey of SDP members commissioned by <i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_World" title="Weekend World">Weekend World</a></i> found that 72% of SDP members had never been in a party before were joining a political party for the very first time, and that only 15% being former Labour Party members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party enjoyed a considerable honeymoon period with the press, who made much mileage out of Roy Jenkins' apocryphal fondness for <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">claret</a>; claret is an "agreeable" wine, and a metaphor for the party's harmonious internal relations compared to those of the strife-torn Labour Party of the period. </p><p>The policies of the SDP emphasised a middle position between perceived extremes of <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> and the Labour Party. Its constitution argued for "the fostering of a strong public sector and a strong private sector without frequent frontier changes". The SDP favoured some <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> Thatcherite reforms during the 1980s, such as legislation aimed at restricting trade unions (although the parliamentary SDP actually split three ways on Norman Tebbit's 1982 Industrial Relations Bill, most voting for, some against, and others abstaining<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). However, the party took a more welfarist position than the Conservative Party, being more sceptical of Conservative welfare reforms (particularly regarding the National Health Service).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the party's first electoral contest, Jenkins narrowly failed to win a <a href="/wiki/1981_Warrington_by-election" title="1981 Warrington by-election">by-election at Warrington</a> in July 1981, describing it as his "first defeat (in many years), but by far my greatest victory". At the <a href="/wiki/1982_Glasgow_Hillhead_by-election" title="1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election">Glasgow Hillhead by-election</a> in March 1982, another candidate called Douglas Parkin, nominated by a party called the Social Democratic Party which had been formed in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> in 1979, changed his name to Roy Harold Jenkins to contest the seat.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SDP polling agents were given special dispensation by the Returning Officer to have placards outside of polling stations to state which one on the ballot papers was the real Roy. Ultimately, the SDP's Jenkins was elected. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/1982_Social_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1982 Social Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election</a> was held later in the year, Jenkins beating Owen in the ballot to become the first leader of the new party. Later in the year, Shirley Williams defeated Bill Rodgers in the ballot to become SDP president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Alliance">The Alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDP-Liberal_Alliance_-_Red,_White,_Blue_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/SDP-Liberal_Alliance_-_Red%2C_White%2C_Blue_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a> electoral logo in 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>The SDP formed the <a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> in June 1981, under the joint leadership of Roy Jenkins (SDP) and Liberal leader <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a>. The Liberal Party, and in particular its leader, <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a>, had applauded the formation of the SDP from the sidelines from the very start. Senior Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochdale</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Smith" title="Cyril Smith">Cyril Smith</a> caused some embarrassment, however, by publicly stating that the SDP "should be strangled at birth".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During an era of widescale unemployment and public disillusionment with the two main parties—Labour and the Conservatives—the Alliance achieved considerable success at parliamentary by-elections. At one point in late-1981, the Alliance had an opinion poll rating of over 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, David Steel addressed the Liberal Party conference with the phrase "Go back to your constituencies, and prepare for government!"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1982, after public disagreements over who could fight which seats in the forthcoming election, the poll rating dipped, but the party remained ahead of both Labour and the Conservatives. However, following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> on 2 April 1982, the Conservative government of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> soared from third to first place in the public opinion polls. The standing of the SDP–Liberal Alliance and Labour Party declined. By this stage, however, the SDP already had 28 MPs in parliament, virtually all of them defectors from Labour, joined by one Conservative MP and two by-election winners. </p><p>Labour lost <a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bermondsey (UK Parliament constituency)">Bermondsey</a>, one of their ten safest seats, at a <a href="/wiki/1983_Bermondsey_by-election" title="1983 Bermondsey by-election">by-election in February 1983</a> to Liberal candidate <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Simon Hughes</a>: the sitting Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mellish" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mellish">Robert Mellish</a> resigned to work for the <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands_Development_Corporation" title="London Docklands Development Corporation">London Docklands Development Corporation</a> but, being opposed to the selection by his left-wing <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Peter Tatchell</a>, supported the former leader of <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark council</a> John O'Grady as "<a href="/wiki/Real_Bermondsey_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Bermondsey Labour">Real Bermondsey Labour</a>" giving an impression of Labour division and in-fighting. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 general election</a>, the SDP–Liberal Alliance won more than 25% of the national vote, close behind Labour's 28%, but well behind the 44% secured by the Conservatives. However, because of the characteristics of the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_electoral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post electoral system">first-past-the-post electoral system</a> used in the United Kingdom, only 23 Alliance MPs were elected, just six of whom were members of the SDP. The party's leader, Roy Jenkins, managed to retain his seat at <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Hillhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Hillhead">Glasgow Hillhead</a>, but SDP President Shirley Williams was defeated at Crosby (which she had won at a by-election in November 1981) as a result of unfavourable boundary changes. Labour Party leader Michael Foot, who resigned within days of the election, was critical of the SDP–Liberal Alliance for siphoning support away from Labour, allowing the Conservatives to win more seats and secure a triple-digit majority, while Labour was left with 209 seats in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the result, Jenkins was pressured to step down as leader of the SDP by <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>, MP of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Devonport_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Plymouth Devonport (UK Parliament constituency)">Plymouth Devonport</a> who between 1974 and 1979 had been a Labour Government Minister under <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 June, Jenkins stood down and of the six SDP MPs elected in 1983, only Owen stood for leader of the Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently he became leader without any contest a week later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owen was more sceptical about close relations with the Liberals than his predecessor Roy Jenkins, and favoured retaining the party's distinct identity. Owen's influence ensured that proposals for a merger between the two parties were shelved after a lengthy debate at the 1983 SDP conference. </p><p>During the 1983–87 parliament, some SDP members started to become unsettled at what appeared to be the increasingly right-wing course taken by SDP leader David Owen. This resulted in some members launching the Limehouse Group in an attempt to keep the party on the centre-left course that was first propounded in the <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a>. </p><p>Two more SDP MPs were elected at by-elections during the 1983–87 parliament, but at the <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general election</a>, the Alliance's share of the vote fell to 23%, and the SDP's parliamentary party was reduced from eight members to five. Roy Jenkins was among those who lost their seats. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hancock_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Hancock (UK politician)">Mike Hancock</a> had won a <a href="/wiki/1984_Portsmouth_South_by-election" title="1984 Portsmouth South by-election">by-election at Portsmouth South in 1984</a> from the Conservatives which was lost in 1987, but <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Barnes" title="Rosie Barnes">Rosie Barnes</a>, who had won the bitterly contested <a href="/wiki/1987_Greenwich_by-election" title="1987 Greenwich by-election">Greenwich by-election</a> in February 1987 from Labour; managed to hold on at the general election in June that year. </p><p>From the outset, the formation of the Alliance had raised questions as to whether it would lead to a merged party, or the two parties were destined to compete with each other. This in turn led to grassroots tensions in some areas between Liberal and SDP branches that impaired their ability to mount joint campaigns successfully. Such cross-party feuding was part of the reason for Jenkins losing his Glasgow Hillhead seat to <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> of the Labour Party in 1987. </p><p>Liberal pride was further damaged by the sustained lampooning of the Alliance by ITV's popular <i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image</a></i> satirical puppet comedy programme, which portrayed Steel as the craven lickspittle of Owen; One sketch had Owen proposing to a simpering Steel that the parties merged under a new name: "and for our side we'll take 'Social Democratic', and from your side, we'll take 'Party'"; and indeed a new leader "from your side we will take 'David' and from ours 'Owen'", to which a hesitant Steel agreed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger,_disestablishment_and_splits"><span id="Merger.2C_disestablishment_and_splits"></span>Merger, disestablishment and splits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Merger, disestablishment and splits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the disappointment of 1987, Steel proposed a formal merger of the two parties. Jenkins and Steel had believed this to be eventually inevitable after the party failed to break through at the 1983 election. The proposal, also supported by Williams and Rodgers, was fiercely opposed by Owen, who argued that such a merger would not be accepted by the electorate, and would not reverse their declining share of the vote. Jenkins denied that a merger had been his original intent.<sup id="cite_ref-royjenkins-autobio_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royjenkins-autobio-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But the majority of the SDP's membership (along with those of the Liberals) voted in favour of the union. Owen resigned as leader and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Maclennan">Robert Maclennan</a>. Steel and Maclennan headed the new "Social and Liberal Democrats" party from 3 March 1988. An interim working name for the party, the "Democrats", was adopted by conference on 26 September 1988. This proved to be unpopular, and the party was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> in October 1989, as had been originally proposed at the September 1988 conference by the party's <a href="/wiki/Tiverton,_Devon" title="Tiverton, Devon">Tiverton</a> branch.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most SDP members, including SDP MP and future Liberal Democrat leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a>, joined Maclennan in the merged party, but Owen created a <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1988)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)">continuing SDP</a>, along with two other MPs, <a href="/wiki/John_Cartwright_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cartwright (UK politician)">John Cartwright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Barnes" title="Rosie Barnes">Rosie Barnes</a>. This party performed poorly at the <a href="/wiki/May_1990_Bootle_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1990 Bootle by-election">May 1990 by-election</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bootle" title="Bootle">Bootle</a>, behind the <a href="/wiki/Monster_Raving_Loony_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Monster Raving Loony Party">Monster Raving Loony Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It disbanded, although a <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">third SDP</a> was formed, which currently operates on a much less influential scale.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also a continuing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Meadowcroft" title="Michael Meadowcroft">Michael Meadowcroft</a> and David Morrish, mainly based on Liverpool and West Country Liberals who feared a dilution by the former SDP members of the Liberal tradition within the merged party.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It too continues in the present day, as one of the smallest political parties with elected representatives. </p><p>Following the dissolution of the SDP, a number of members endorsed <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_organisation">Structure and organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structure and organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic unit of the SDP was its Area Parties, most of which corresponded with more than one <a href="/wiki/Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster constituencies">Westminster constituency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 223 area parties that existed in September 1986, only 42 were single-constituency Area Parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Area Parties were considered by party leaders as better at resisting <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">entryism</a> or the formation of <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">local cliques</a> that opposed the national party, issues the SDPs founders believed the <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">CLPs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> struggled with.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally area parties aided the SDP's coöperation <a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a>, as multi-consituancy area parties were at less risk of disenfranchisement in cases of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> led seats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Party had three key leading organs. The first was the National Committee which was the executive body of the party,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second was the Council for Social Democracy (CSD),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the last was Policy Committee which set the policy of the SDP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_Committee">Policy Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Policy Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Policy Committee was a sub-committee of the National Committee, and was the most powerful body of the SDP. </p><p>Membership of the Policy Committee was composed of:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Leader of the SDP</li> <li>President</li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> sitting on the National Committee</li> <li>9 members elected by the National Committee</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Committee">National Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Committee was the SDP's executive body and was responsible for much of the day-to-day administration of the party </p><p>Membership of the National Committee was composed of:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995488_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995488-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Leader of the SDP</li> <li>President</li> <li>13 Parliamentarians: <ul><li>10 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> (voted on by all SDP MPs)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">Peers</a> (voted on by all SDP Peers)</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/MEPs" class="mw-redirect" title="MEPs">MEPs</a> (voted on by all SDP MEPs)</li></ul></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local councillors</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (voted on by the CSD)</li> <li>12 area councillors (voted on by party members of each area)</li> <li>8 directly elected members</li> <li>1 Young Social Democrats or SDP Students representative</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_for_Social_Democracy">Council for Social Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Council for Social Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council for Social Democracy was the largest of the three organs. Totaling approximately 400 elected members, it was often nicknamed as the "Parliament of the Party".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986206_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986206-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution of the SDP stipulated that the CSD met thrice yearly, and that it be chaired by the President.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_election_results" title="Social Democratic Party election results">Social Democratic Party election results</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: House of Commons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">Votes </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">Position </th> <th rowspan="2">Government </th></tr> <tr> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th># </th> <th>± </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> </td> <td>3,507,803 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 650</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6C2f56; color:inherit; width: 0.9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a> </td> <td>3,168,183 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 650</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6C2f56; color:inherit; width: 0.8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As of the dissolution of parliament before the 1983 election, the SDP had 32 MPs. In the 1983 election, only 4 SDP MPs gained through defections were held. </p><p>Between the 1983–1987 elections, the SDP won two by-elections taking their total to 8 at dissolution, however neither were re-elected. They are not counted in the seats gained or lost section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By-elections">By-elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: By-elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>By-election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Position </th> <th colspan="2">Winner </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Crosby_by-election" title="1981 Crosby by-election">1981 Crosby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a> </td> <td>28,118 </td> <td>49.1% </td> <td>1st </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6C2f56;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SDP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Warrington_by-election" title="1981 Warrington by-election">1981 Warrington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> </td> <td>12,521 </td> <td>42.4% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Peckham_by-election" title="1982 Peckham by-election">1982 Peckham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Taverne" title="Dick Taverne">Dick Taverne</a> </td> <td>7,418 </td> <td>32.9% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Gower_by-election" title="1982 Gower by-election">1982 Gower</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwynoro_Jones" title="Gwynoro Jones">Gwynoro Jones</a> </td> <td>9,875 </td> <td>25.1% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Mitcham_and_Morden_by-election" title="1982 Mitcham and Morden by-election">1982 Mitcham and Morden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Douglas-Mann" title="Bruce Douglas-Mann">Bruce Douglas-Mann</a> </td> <td>9,032 </td> <td>29.4% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Glasgow_Hillhead_by-election" title="1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election">1982 Glasgow Hillhead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> </td> <td>10,106 </td> <td>33.4% </td> <td>1st </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6C2f56;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SDP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Portsmouth_South_by-election" title="1984 Portsmouth South by-election">1984 Portsmouth South</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hancock, Mike"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hancock_(British_politician)" title="Mike Hancock (British politician)">Mike Hancock</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>15,358 </td> <td>37.6% </td> <td>1st </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6C2f56;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SDP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Cynon_Valley_by-election" title="1984 Cynon Valley by-election">1984 Cynon Valley</a> </td> <td>Felix Aubel </td> <td>6,554 </td> <td>19.9% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Stafford_(England)_by-election" title="1984 Stafford (England) by-election">1984 Stafford</a> </td> <td>David Dunn </td> <td>14,733 </td> <td>31.8% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Tyne_Bridge_by-election" title="1985 Tyne Bridge by-election">1985 Tyne Bridge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rod_Kenyon" title="Rod Kenyon">Rod Kenyon</a> </td> <td>6,942 </td> <td>29.7% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1986_Fulham_by-election" title="1986 Fulham by-election">1986 Fulham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Liddle" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Liddle">Roger Liddle</a> </td> <td>6,953 </td> <td>18.26% </td> <td>3rd </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1987_Greenwich_by-election" title="1987 Greenwich by-election">1987 Greenwich</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Barnes, Rosie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Barnes" title="Rosie Barnes">Rosie Barnes</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>18,287 </td> <td>53.0% </td> <td>1st </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6C2f56;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SDP</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a> </th> <td>1,233,490 </td> <td>9.3 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6C2f56; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_history">Leadership history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leadership history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders_of_the_SDP">Leaders of the SDP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Leaders of the SDP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"># </th> <th width="150">Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th width="150">Constituency </th> <th width="80">Entered office </th> <th width="80">Left office </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6C2f56;"> </th> <th>1 </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a><br /><small>(1920–2003)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/60px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/90px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/120px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Hillhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Hillhead">Glasgow Hillhead</a> <small>from 1982</small> </td> <td>7 July 1982 </td> <td>13 June 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6C2f56;"> </th> <th>2 </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a><br /><small>(born 1938)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Owen-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/60px-David_Owen-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/90px-David_Owen-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/120px-David_Owen-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Devonport" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Devonport">Plymouth Devonport</a> </td> <td>13 June 1983 </td> <td>6 August 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6C2f56;"> </th> <th>3 </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Maclennan">Robert Maclennan</a><br /><small>(1936–2020)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg/60px-RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg/90px-RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg/120px-RobertMacLennan1987_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="177" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caithness_and_Sutherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Caithness and Sutherland">Caithness and Sutherland</a> </td> <td>29 August 1987 </td> <td>3 March 1988 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"># </th> <th width="150">Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th width="80">Entered office </th> <th width="80">Left office </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6C2f56;"> </th> <th>1 </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a><br /><small>(1930–2021)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirley_Williams,_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/60px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/90px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/119px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span> </td> <td>7 July 1982 </td> <td>29 August 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6C2f56;"> </th> <th>2 </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/John_Cartwright_(British_politician)" title="John Cartwright (British politician)">John Cartwright</a><br /><small>(1933–2024)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cartwright_(politician).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg/60px-John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg/90px-John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg/120px-John_Cartwright_%28politician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="547" /></a></span> </td> <td>29 August 1987 </td> <td>16 July 1988 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/26px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/39px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/52px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_election_results" title="Social Democratic Party election results">Social Democratic Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elected_British_politicians_who_have_changed_party_affiliation" title="List of elected British politicians who have changed party affiliation">List of elected British politicians who have changed party affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_breakaway_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Labour Party (UK) breakaway parties">List of Labour Party (UK) breakaway parties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Future <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> leader and eventual Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> would later use "New Labour" to promote the Labour Party. (see: <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When there were less than 10 SDP MPs, all of them would be automatically members of the National Committee</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only city, district, and county councillors were eligible. Town and parish councillors were not eligible</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/26/newsid_2531000/2531151.stm">"26 March 1981: 'Gang of four' launches new party"</a>. <i>BBC News On This Day</i>. 26 March 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+On+This+Day&rft.atitle=26+March+1981%3A+%27Gang+of+four%27+launches+new+party&rft.date=1981-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F26%2Fnewsid_2531000%2F2531151.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Centrist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Centrist_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The SDP is widely described as a centrist political party: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Rutland2005" class="citation book cs1">Peter Rutland (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NDP8RVXvlUMC&pg=PA66">"Britain"</a>. In Jeffrey Kopstein; Mark Lichbach (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativepolit0000unse_t7g3/page/66"><i>Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativepolit0000unse_t7g3/page/66">66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84316-4"><bdi>978-0-521-84316-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Britain&rft.btitle=Comparative+Politics%3A+Interests%2C+Identities%2C+and+Institutions+in+a+Changing+Global+Order&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84316-4&rft.au=Peter+Rutland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNDP8RVXvlUMC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_KesselmanJoel_KriegerChristopher_S._AllenStephen_Hellman2008" class="citation book cs1">Mark Kesselman; Joel Krieger; Christopher S. Allen; Stephen Hellman (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FGK0Ht0OM_IC&pg=PA88"><i>European Politics in Transition</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-87078-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-87078-3"><bdi>978-0-618-87078-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Politics+in+Transition&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-618-87078-3&rft.au=Mark+Kesselman&rft.au=Joel+Krieger&rft.au=Christopher+S.+Allen&rft.au=Stephen+Hellman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFGK0Ht0OM_IC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_R._CookPeter_Wright2006" class="citation book cs1">John R. Cook; Peter Wright (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo_vcscFbZEC&pg=PA211"><i>British Science Fiction Television: A Hitchhiker's Guide</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-048-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-048-2"><bdi>978-1-84511-048-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Science+Fiction+Television%3A+A+Hitchhiker%27s+Guide&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-048-2&rft.au=John+R.+Cook&rft.au=Peter+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBo_vcscFbZEC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKerstin_HamannJohn_Kelly2011" class="citation book cs1">Kerstin Hamann; John Kelly (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mId4kwMugA4C&pg=PA75"><i>Parties, Elections, and Policy Reforms in Western Europe: Voting for Social Pacts</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58195-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58195-0"><bdi>978-0-415-58195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parties%2C+Elections%2C+and+Policy+Reforms+in+Western+Europe%3A+Voting+for+Social+Pacts&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-58195-0&rft.au=Kerstin+Hamann&rft.au=John+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmId4kwMugA4C%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_BarberisJohn_McHughMike_Tyldesley2000" class="citation book cs1">Peter Barberis; John McHugh; Mike Tyldesley (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qps14mSlghcC&pg=PA302"><i>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century</i></a>. Continuum. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-5814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+and+Irish+Political+Organizations%3A+Parties%2C+Groups+and+Movements+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-5814-8&rft.au=Peter+Barberis&rft.au=John+McHugh&rft.au=Mike+Tyldesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqps14mSlghcC%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/3f2c0708-204f-3681-8158-c47cf67026d7">"Social Democratic Party (SDP) Archives - Archives Hub"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Democratic+Party+%28SDP%29+Archives+-+Archives+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiveshub.jisc.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2Farchives%2F3f2c0708-204f-3681-8158-c47cf67026d7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKay_Lawson,_Peter_H._Merkl2014" class="citation book cs1">Kay Lawson, Peter H. Merkl, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgMABAAAQBAJ&dq=left-wing+%22British+SDP%22&pg=PA236"><i>When Parties Fail: Emerging Alternative Organizations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400859498" title="Special:BookSources/9781400859498"><bdi>9781400859498</bdi></a>. <q>On the other hand, the British SDP might settle into an ideological space in line with most West European Social Democrats, i.e., on the center-left, a position perhaps facilitated by the strong pro-Europeanism of its leaders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Parties+Fail%3A+Emerging+Alternative+Organizations&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400859498&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdgMABAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dleft-wing%2B%2522British%2BSDP%2522%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Social-Democratic-Party">"Social Democratic Party | political party, United Kingdom"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+Democratic+Party+%7C+political+party%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSocial-Democratic-Party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Driver2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Driver2011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Driver2011" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Driver (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_Qq6RJr6_QC&pg=PA117"><i>Understanding British Party Politics</i></a>. Polity. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4077-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4077-8"><bdi>978-0-7456-4077-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+British+Party+Politics&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-4077-8&rft.au=Stephen+Driver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_Qq6RJr6_QC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams1998-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adams1998_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIan_Adams1998" class="citation book cs1">Ian Adams (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_7t714alm68C&pg=PA63"><i>Ideology and Politics in Britain Today</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5056-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5056-5"><bdi>978-0-7190-5056-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Politics+in+Britain+Today&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5056-5&rft.au=Ian+Adams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_7t714alm68C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This name was a tongue-in-cheek reference to the Maoist <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CookStevenson2000-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CookStevenson2000_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChris_CookJohn_Stevenson2000" class="citation book cs1">Chris Cook; John Stevenson (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longmancompanion0000cook"><i>The Longman Companion to Britain Since 1945</i></a></span>. Longman. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longmancompanion0000cook/page/95">95</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-35674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-35674-0"><bdi>978-0-582-35674-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longman+Companion+to+Britain+Since+1945&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-582-35674-0&rft.au=Chris+Cook&rft.au=John+Stevenson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flongmancompanion0000cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BarberisMcHugh2000-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BarberisMcHugh2000_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_BarberisJohn_McHughMike_Tyldesley2000" class="citation book cs1">Peter Barberis; John McHugh; Mike Tyldesley (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qps14mSlghcC&pg=PA360"><i>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century</i></a>. Continuum. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-5814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+and+Irish+Political+Organizations%3A+Parties%2C+Groups+and+Movements+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-5814-8&rft.au=Peter+Barberis&rft.au=John+McHugh&rft.au=Mike+Tyldesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqps14mSlghcC%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Shaw, "The Labour Party and the Militant Tendency." <i>Parliamentary Affairs</i> 42.2 (1989): 180–196. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lincoln_by-election-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln_by-election_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Ramsden and Richard Jay, "Lincoln: Background to Taverne's Triumph" in "By-elections in British Politics", Macmillan, 1973, pp. 264–315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChildsStorry2013-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChildsStorry2013_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_ChildsMichael_Storry2013" class="citation book cs1">Peter Childs; Michael Storry (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tlsKXeRt0wgC&pg=PA485"><i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture</i></a>. Routledge. p. 485. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75555-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75555-4"><bdi>978-1-134-75555-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+British+Culture&rft.pages=485&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75555-4&rft.au=Peter+Childs&rft.au=Michael+Storry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtlsKXeRt0wgC%26pg%3DPA485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sassoon2010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sassoon2010_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Sassoon2010" class="citation book cs1">Donald Sassoon (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IUkBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA698"><i>One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European Left in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 698. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-530-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-530-2"><bdi>978-0-85771-530-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+Years+of+Socialism%3A+The+West+European+Left+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=698&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-530-2&rft.au=Donald+Sassoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIUkBAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GH21Feb1981-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GH21Feb1981_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19810221&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Labour's largest move yet to Centre – Three rebel MPs intend to resign"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. 21 February 1981. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Labour%27s+largest+move+yet+to+Centre+%E2%80%93+Three+rebel+MPs+intend+to+resign&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19810221%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GH5thFeb1981p1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GH5thFeb1981p1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParkhouse1981" class="citation news cs1">Parkhouse, Geoffrey (5 February 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19810205&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Steel goes all out for poll pact"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Steel+goes+all+out+for+poll+pact&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-02-05&rft.aulast=Parkhouse&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19810205%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussellParkhouse1981" class="citation news cs1">Russell, William; Parkhouse, Geoffrey (3 March 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19810303&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Nine Labour peers join breakaway MPs"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Nine+Labour+peers+join+breakaway+MPs&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-03-03&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Parkhouse%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19810303%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussell1981" class="citation news cs1">Russell, William (3 March 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19810303&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Who's who of Labour's nine rebel peers"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Who%27s+who+of+Labour%27s+nine+rebel+peers&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1981-03-03&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19810303%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995276_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995562-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995562_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 562.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1982/feb/08/employment-bill">'Hansard<i>, 8 February 1982, Col. 738</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._W._S._Craig" title="F. W. S. Craig">Craig, F. W. S.</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai_z8o5"><i>British Parliamentary Election Results 1974–1983</i></a></span>. Parliamentary Research Services. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai_z8o5/page/311">311</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780900178238" title="Special:BookSources/9780900178238"><bdi>9780900178238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Parliamentary+Election+Results+1974%E2%80%931983&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Research+Services&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780900178238&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=F.+W.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishparliamen0000crai_z8o5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/sep/03/sir-cyril-smith-obituary">"Sir Cyril Smith obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 3 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sir+Cyril+Smith+obituary&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fsep%2F03%2Fsir-cyril-smith-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1136223.stm">"SDP: Breaking the mould"</a>. BBC News. 25 January 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SDP%3A+Breaking+the+mould&rft.date=2001-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F1136223.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStone-Lee2003" class="citation news cs1">Stone-Lee, Ollie (10 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3185313.stm">"Conference season's greatest hits"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Conference+season%27s+greatest+hits&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.aulast=Stone-Lee&rft.aufirst=Ollie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3185313.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/9/newsid_2500000/2500847.stm">"1983: Thatcher wins landslide victory"</a>. BBC News. 9 June 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1983%3A+Thatcher+wins+landslide+victory&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=1970-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjune%2F9%2Fnewsid_2500000%2F2500847.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995303_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royjenkins-autobio-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royjenkins-autobio_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2006" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Roy (2006). <i>A Life at the Centre</i>. Politico's. p. 535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84275-177-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84275-177-0"><bdi>978-1-84275-177-0</bdi></a>. <q>The case for merger arose only once the partnership had been tried on the ground ... At the beginning, while I was committed in my mind to a close partnership, I had no set view either for or against eventual merger.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+at+the+Centre&rft.pages=535&rft.pub=Politico%27s&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84275-177-0&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite2010" class="citation news cs1">White, Michael (17 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/sep/17/liberal-democrat-conferences-past">"Liberal Democrat conferences past: how times – and people – change"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liberal+Democrat+conferences+past%3A+how+times+%E2%80%93+and+people+%E2%80%93+change&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fsep%2F17%2Fliberal-democrat-conferences-past&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/lib-dem-meltdown-five-other-humiliating-byelection-defeats-9500624.html">"Lib Dem meltdown: Five other humiliating by-election defeats"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 6 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Lib+Dem+meltdown%3A+Five+other+humiliating+by-election+defeats&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Flib-dem-meltdown-five-other-humiliating-byelection-defeats-9500624.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilpot2006" class="citation web cs1">Philpot, Robert (16 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/node/195459">"The SDP lives on – in Bridlington"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+SDP+lives+on+%E2%80%93+in+Bridlington&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.aulast=Philpot&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fnode%2F195459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-elected-mayor-candidates-steve-3348321">"Liverpool elected mayor candidates: Steve Radford, Liberal"</a>. Liverpool Echo. 8 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+elected+mayor+candidates%3A+Steve+Radford%2C+Liberal&rft.pub=Liverpool+Echo&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-elected-mayor-candidates-steve-3348321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johnmajorarchive.org.uk/1992/02/17/social-democrats-press-release-supporting-john-major-17-february-1992/">"Social Democrats Press Release - Supporting John Major"</a>. John Major official. 17 February 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Democrats+Press+Release+-+Supporting+John+Major&rft.pub=John+Major+official&rft.date=1992-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohnmajorarchive.org.uk%2F1992%2F02%2F17%2Fsocial-democrats-press-release-supporting-john-major-17-february-1992%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995227_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986209–210_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPridhamWhiteley1986">Pridham & Whiteley 1986</a>, pp. 209–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995228_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995229_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995488-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreweKing1995488_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreweKing1995">Crewe & King 1995</a>, p. 488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986206-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPridhamWhiteley1986206_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPridhamWhiteley1986">Pridham & Whiteley 1986</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBochelDenver1984" class="citation journal cs1">Bochel, J. M; Denver, D. T. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/193959">"The SDP and the left-right dimension"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="British Journal of Political Science">British Journal of Political Science</a></i>. <b>14</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">386–</span>392. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/193959">193959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+SDP+and+the+left-right+dimension&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E386-%3C%2Fspan%3E392&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F193959%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bochel&rft.aufirst=J.+M&rft.au=Denver%2C+D.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F193959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradley1981" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Ian C. (1981). <i>Breaking the mould? the birth and prospects of the Social Democratic Party</i>. Oxford: Martin Robertson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85520-468-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85520-468-6"><bdi>978-0-85520-468-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+the+mould%3F+the+birth+and+prospects+of+the+Social+Democratic+Party&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Martin+Robertson&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-85520-468-6&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Ian+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButlerKavanagh1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Butler_(psephologist)" title="David Butler (psephologist)">Butler, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kavanagh" title="Dennis Kavanagh">Kavanagh, Dennis</a> (1984). <i>The British general election of 1983: by David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-34578-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-34578-8"><bdi>978-0-333-34578-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+general+election+of+1983%3A+by+David+Butler+and+Dennis+Kavanagh&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-333-34578-8&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kavanagh%2C+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCreweKing1995" class="citation book cs1">Crewe, Ivor; King, Anthony Stephen (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WKWquDmoYUEC"><i>SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198280507" title="Special:BookSources/9780198280507"><bdi>9780198280507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SDP%3A+The+Birth%2C+Life+and+Death+of+the+Social+Democratic+Party&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780198280507&rft.aulast=Crewe&rft.aufirst=Ivor&rft.au=King%2C+Anthony+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWKWquDmoYUEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenver1983" class="citation journal cs1">Denver, D.T. (October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402388308424441">"The SDP-liberal alliance: The end of the two-party system?"</a>. <i>West European Politics</i>. <b>6</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402388308424441">10.1080/01402388308424441</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-2382">0140-2382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+European+Politics&rft.atitle=The+SDP-liberal+alliance%3A+The+end+of+the+two-party+system%3F&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=1983-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402388308424441&rft.issn=0140-2382&rft.aulast=Denver&rft.aufirst=D.T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F01402388308424441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenverBochel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Denver, David; Bochel, Hugh (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/194255">"Merger or Bust: Whatever Happened to Members of the SDP?"</a>. <i>British Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>24</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">403–</span>417. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1234">0007-1234</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/194255">194255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Merger+or+Bust%3A+Whatever+Happened+to+Members+of+the+SDP%3F&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E403-%3C%2Fspan%3E417&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F194255%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0007-1234&rft.aulast=Denver&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Bochel%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F194255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins, Roy</a> (2006). <i>A Life in the Centre</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Politico%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico's">Politico's</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781842751770" title="Special:BookSources/9781842751770"><bdi>9781842751770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+in+the+Centre&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Politico%27s&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781842751770&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevy1988" class="citation journal cs1">Levy, Roger (July 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402388808424694">"Third party decline in the UK: The SNP and SDP in comparative perspective"</a>. <i>West European Politics</i>. <b>11</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">57–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402388808424694">10.1080/01402388808424694</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-2382">0140-2382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+European+Politics&rft.atitle=Third+party+decline+in+the+UK%3A+The+SNP+and+SDP+in+comparative+perspective&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.date=1988-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402388808424694&rft.issn=0140-2382&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F01402388808424694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOwen1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Owen, David</a> (1992). <i>Time to Declare</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140148053" title="Special:BookSources/9780140148053"><bdi>9780140148053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+to+Declare&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780140148053&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPridhamWhiteley1986" class="citation journal cs1">Pridham, Geoffrey; Whiteley, Paul (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44483581">"Anatomy of the SDP: Is the Party Structurally Top-Heavy?"</a>. <i>Government and Opposition</i>. <b>21</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">205–</span>217. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-257X">0017-257X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44483581">44483581</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+the+SDP%3A+Is+the+Party+Structurally+Top-Heavy%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E217&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44483581%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0017-257X&rft.aulast=Pridham&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Whiteley%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44483581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodgers2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers, Bill</a> (2000). <i>Fourth Among Equals</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Politico%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico's">Politico's</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902301365" title="Special:BookSources/9781902301365"><bdi>9781902301365</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fourth+Among+Equals&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Politico%27s&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781902301365&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSemetko1987" class="citation journal cs1">Semetko, Holli A (April 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1987.tb00267.x">"A Study Guide to the Social Democratic Party (SDP)"</a>. <i>Politics</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9256.1987.tb00267.x">10.1111/j.1467-9256.1987.tb00267.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-3957">0263-3957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics&rft.atitle=A+Study+Guide+to+the+Social+Democratic+Party+%28SDP%29&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1987-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9256.1987.tb00267.x&rft.issn=0263-3957&rft.aulast=Semetko&rft.aufirst=Holli+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9256.1987.tb00267.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephenson1982" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, Hugh (1982). <i>Claret and Chips: The Rise of the SDP</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_(publisher)" title="Michael Joseph (publisher)">Michael Joseph</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718121891" title="Special:BookSources/9780718121891"><bdi>9780718121891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claret+and+Chips%3A+The+Rise+of+the+SDP&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780718121891&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1993" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, John (1993). <i>Third Party Politics since 1945: Liberals, Alliance and Liberal Democrats</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing Limited">Blackwell Publishing Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631171263" title="Special:BookSources/9780631171263"><bdi>9780631171263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+Party+Politics+since+1945%3A+Liberals%2C+Alliance+and+Liberal+Democrats&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780631171263&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSykes1988" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Patricia Lee (1988). <i>Losing from the Inside: The Cost of Conflict in the British Social Democratic Party</i>. <a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887388156" title="Special:BookSources/9780887388156"><bdi>9780887388156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Losing+from+the+Inside%3A+The+Cost+of+Conflict+in+the+British+Social+Democratic+Party&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780887388156&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Democratic+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Journal of Liberal History, Issue 39 Summer 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/39-Short-History-of-Political-Virginity.pdf"><i>A Short History of Political Virginity</i></a> (edition devoted to the SDP)</li> <li>Journal of Liberal History, Issue 18 Spring 1998, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/18_Spring_1998.pdf"><i>Ten Years On, The Legacy of the Alliance and Merger</i></a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party (UK)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_Democrats234" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Template talk:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Democrats234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)"><span style="color:#000000">Liberal Democrats</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Steel</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Ashdown</a> (1988–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Clegg</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Johnston" title="Russell Johnston">Johnston</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Beith" title="Alan Beith">Beith</a> (1992–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2006–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bruce" title="Malcolm Bruce">Bruce</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Cooper" title="Daisy Cooper">Cooper</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords">Leaders in the Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear" title="Nancy Seear, Baroness Seear">Seear</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Diamond</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a> (1988–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally,_Baron_McNally" title="Tom McNally, Baron McNally">McNally</a> (2004–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Wallace</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newby,_Baron_Newby" title="Richard Newby, Baron Newby">Newby</a> (from 2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="President of the Liberal Democrats">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Wrigglesworth</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Maddock,_Baroness_Maddock" title="Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock">Maddock</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navnit_Dholakia,_Baron_Dholakia" title="Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia">Dholakia</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Scott,_Baroness_Scott_of_Needham_Market" title="Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market">Scott</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Brinton" title="Sal Brinton">Brinton</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Pack">Pack</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership_elections234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Social_and_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election">1988 (Ashdown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1999 Liberal Democrats leadership election">1999 (Kennedy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2006 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 (Clegg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2015 (Farron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2017 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2019 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2020 (Davey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2024 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2024 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Deputy leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2003 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2006 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2010 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2010 (Hughes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2014 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2014 (Bruce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2017 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2019 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Frontbench_team234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Treasury_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Structure234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">MPs and Frontbench</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Democrat_MPs_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Democrat MPs (2024–present)">Current members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Chief Whip of the Liberal Democrats">Chief whip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Frontbench in opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Paddy_Ashdown" title="Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown">Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Charles_Kennedy" title="Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy">Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Menzies_Campbell" title="Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell">Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Tim_Farron" title="Frontbench Team of Tim Farron">Frontbench Team of Tim Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Jo_Swinson" title="Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson">Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Ed_Davey" title="Frontbench Team of Ed Davey">Frontbench Team of Ed Davey</a> (2020-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Liberal_Democrats" title="English Liberal Democrats">English Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Liberal_Democrats" title="Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats">Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Conference" title="Liberal Democrat Conference">Liberal Democrat Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Board_(Liberal_Democrats)" title="Federal Board (Liberal Democrats)">Federal Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specified_Associated_Organisation" title="Specified Associated Organisation">SAOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(UK)" title="Young Liberals (UK)">Young Liberals</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="English Young Liberals">English Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Young Liberals">Scottish Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Young Liberals">Welsh Young Liberals/Rhyddfrydwr Ifanc Cymru</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Related_organisations234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Group" title="Beveridge Group">Beveridge Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Christian_Forum" title="Liberal Democrat Christian Forum">Christian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Israel" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel">Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Turkey">Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_History_Group" title="Liberal Democrat History Group">History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reform" title="Liberal Reform">Liberal Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Forum" title="Social Liberal Forum">Social Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="History_and_related_topics234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Headquarters_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)">Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Democrat_MPs" title="List of Liberal Democrat MPs">List of MPs (past and present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Party_and_Liberal_Democrats_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glee_Club_(UK_politics)" title="Glee Club (UK politics)">Glee Club (UK politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_(song)" title="The Land (song)">The Land (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(magazine)" title="Liberator (magazine)">Liberator (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peelite" title="Peelite">Peelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Party" title="Scottish Liberal Party">Scottish Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1918)" title="Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)">Independent Liberal Party (Asquith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal Party (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(UK,_1931)" title="Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)">Independent Liberals (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party ("Simonites")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum#Liberal_Leave" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Liberal Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_Resolution" title="Southport Resolution">Southport Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book" title="The Orange Book">The Orange Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Fair_Deal" title="For a Fair Deal">For a Fair Deal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Breakaway_parties234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Breakaway parties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party (UK, 1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party231" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Creation_of_the_SDP">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Listens" title="Labour Listens">Labour Listens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition <br /> ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Wall_Caucus" title="Red Wall Caucus">Red Wall Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> <small>Formerly Socialist Appeal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata792" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40052#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141208153">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Social Democratic Party (Velká Británie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004252709&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/uUsLuHtv">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&oldid=1276600662">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&oldid=1276600662</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Category:Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1981_establishments_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:1981 establishments in the United Kingdom">1981 establishments in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1988_disestablishments_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom">1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Centre-left_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Centre-left parties in the United Kingdom">Centre-left parties in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Centrist_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Centrist political parties in the United Kingdom">Centrist political parties in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_social_democratic_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Defunct social democratic parties in the United Kingdom">Defunct social democratic parties in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Liberal parties in the United Kingdom">Liberal parties in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_schisms" title="Category:Political schisms">Political schisms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_liberal_parties" title="Category:Social liberal parties">Social liberal parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_established_in_1981" title="Category:Political parties established in 1981">Political parties established in 1981</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_disestablished_in_1988" title="Category:Political parties disestablished in 1988">Political parties disestablished in 1988</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2012" title="Category:Use British English from November 2012">Use British English from November 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2020">Use dmy dates from September 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 February 2025, at 19:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Democratic Party (UK)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>25 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-76d4c66f66-bfqbs","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.157","walltime":"1.376","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7362,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":317389,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8938,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":182734,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1141.226 1 -total"," 19.20% 219.063 2 Template:Reflist"," 11.00% 125.508 1 Template:Infobox_political_party"," 10.77% 122.883 2 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 9.79% 111.708 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.56% 109.156 23 Template:Sfn"," 9.05% 103.238 10 Template:Cite_news"," 8.19% 93.510 23 Template:Cite_book"," 7.72% 88.106 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.83% 77.976 1 Template:UK_Liberal_Democrats"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.679","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13819512,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBochelDenver1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButlerKavanagh1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChris_CookJohn_Stevenson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCreweKing1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenver1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenverBochel1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonald_Sassoon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIan_Adams1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_R._CookPeter_Wright2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKay_Lawson,_Peter_H._Merkl2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerstin_HamannJohn_Kelly2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_KesselmanJoel_KriegerChristopher_S._AllenStephen_Hellman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwen1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkhouse1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_BarberisJohn_McHughMike_Tyldesley2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_ChildsMichael_Storry2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Rutland2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilpot2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPridhamWhiteley1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodgers2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussellParkhouse1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemetko1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_Driver2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephenson1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevenson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone-Lee2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSykes1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Composition bar\"] = 3,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Social Democratic Party (UK) 1981 - 1988\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"For-multi\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox political party\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"No2\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color\"] = 9,\n [\"Party name with colour\"] = 12,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 23,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sortname\"] = 2,\n [\"Steady\"] = 2,\n [\"UK Labour Party\"] = 1,\n [\"UK Liberal Democrats\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-76d4c66f66-pdqrb","timestamp":"20250302033425","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Social Democratic Party (UK)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q40052","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q40052","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-02T07:23:31Z","dateModified":"2025-02-19T19:46:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Social_Democratic_Party_logo_%281981%29.svg","headline":"Political party in the United Kingdom (1981-88)"}</script> </body> </html>