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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Select filmography (as writer)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Select_filmography_(as_writer)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viktor Shklovsky</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="فيكتور بوريسوفيتش شكلوفسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكتور بوريسوفيتش شكلوفسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Віктар Барысавіч Шклоўскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віктар Барысавіч Шклоўскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Виктор Шкловски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виктор Шкловски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Xklovski" title="Víktor Xklovski – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Víktor Xklovski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шкловский Виктор Борисович – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шкловский Виктор Борисович" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Viktor Šklovskij – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viktor Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Borissowitsch_Schklowski" title="Wiktor Borissowitsch Schklowski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiktor Borissowitsch Schklowski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%A0klovski" title="Viktor Šklovski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viktor Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Βίκτορ Σκλόφσκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίκτορ Σκλόφσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Shklovski" title="Víktor Shklovski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Víktor Shklovski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Xklovski" title="Viktor Xklovski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viktor Xklovski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ویکتور شکلوفسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکتور شکلوفسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Chklovski" title="Victor Chklovski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Victor Chklovski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%87%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Վիկտոր Շկլովսկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտոր Շկլովսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%A0klovski" title="Viktor Šklovski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viktor Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Shklovsky" title="Viktor Shklovsky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Viktor Shklovsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Borisovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Viktor Borisovič Šklovskij – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viktor Borisovič Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ויקטור שקלובסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקטור שקלובסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Виктор Борисович Шкловский – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Виктор Борисович Шкловский" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Victor Šklovskij – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Victor Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktors_%C5%A0klovskis" title="Viktors Šklovskis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktors Šklovskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoras_%C5%A0klovskis" title="Viktoras Šklovskis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktoras Šklovskis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Boriszovics_Sklovszkij" title="Viktor Boriszovics Sklovszkij – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Viktor Boriszovics Sklovszkij" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Виктор Шкловски – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виктор Шкловски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="فيكتور بوريسوفيتش شكلوفسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور بوريسوفيتش شكلوفسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Sjklovski" title="Viktor Sjklovski – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viktor Sjklovski" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ヴィクトル・シクロフスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトル・シクロフスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shklovsky" title="Victor Shklovsky – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Victor Shklovsky" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਕਟਰ ਸ਼ਕਲੋਵਸਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕਟਰ ਸ਼ਕਲੋਵਸਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Szk%C5%82owski" title="Wiktor Szkłowski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiktor Szkłowski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Chklovsky" title="Viktor Chklovsky – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viktor Chklovsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C8%98klovski" title="Viktor Șklovski – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viktor Șklovski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шкловский, Виктор Борисович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шкловский, Виктор Борисович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%A0klovski" title="Viktor Šklovski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktor Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%A0klovski" title="Viktor Šklovski – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktor Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Sjklovskij" title="Viktor Sjklovskij – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viktor Sjklovskij" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_%C5%9Eklovski" title="Viktor Şklovski – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viktor Şklovski" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шкловський Віктор Борисович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкловський Віктор Борисович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="域托·史克洛夫斯基 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="域托·史克洛夫斯基" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Viktor Shklovsky</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Shklovsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Viktor_Shklovsky.jpg/220px-Viktor_Shklovsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Viktor_Shklovsky.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky</div><br />24 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 12 January] 1893<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 December 1984<span style="display:none">(1984-12-06)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg Imperial University">Saint Petersburg Imperial University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Воскрешение слова</i> (1914) <br /><i>Art as Device</i> (1917) <br /><i>Zoo, or Letters Not About Love</i> (1923)<br /><i>Theory of Prose</i> (1925)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Formalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Formalism">Russian Formalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">Literary theory</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Ostranenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostranenie">Ostranenie</a></i> (1917)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈʂklofskʲɪj]</a></span>; 24 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 12 January] 1893 – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet <a href="/wiki/Literary_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary theorist">literary theorist</a>, critic, writer, and <a href="/wiki/Pamphleteer" title="Pamphleteer">pamphleteer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is one of the major figures associated with <a href="/wiki/Russian_formalism" title="Russian formalism">Russian formalism</a>. </p><p>Viktor Shklovsky's <i>Theory of Prose</i> was published in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shklovsky himself is still praised as "one of the most important literary and cultural theorists of the twentieth century"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a> Prize Committee); "one of the most lively and irreverent minds of the last century"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/David_Bellos" title="David Bellos">David Bellos</a>); "one of the most fascinating figures of Russian cultural life in the twentieth century"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a>) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shklovsky was born in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, Russia. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jewish</a> mathematician (with ancestors from <a href="/wiki/Shklo%C5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Shkloŭ">Shklov</a>) who converted to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a> and his mother was of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">German-Russian</a> origin. He attended <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg University">St. Petersburg University</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, he volunteered for the Russian Army and eventually became a driving trainer in an <a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">armoured car</a> unit in St. Petersburg. There, in 1916, he founded <a href="/wiki/OPOYAZ" class="mw-redirect" title="OPOYAZ">OPOYAZ</a> (Obshchestvo izucheniya POeticheskogo YAZyka—Society for the Study of Poetic Language), one of the two groups (with the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Linguistic_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Linguistic Circle">Moscow Linguistic Circle</a>) that developed the critical theories and techniques of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Formalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Formalism">Russian Formalism</a>. </p><p>Shklovsky participated in the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> sent him as an assistant <a href="/wiki/Commissar" title="Commissar">Commissar</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)">Southwestern Front</a> where he was wounded and got an award for bravery. After that he was an assistant Commissar of the Russian Expeditionary Corps in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persian Campaign</a>). </p><p>Shklovsky returned to St. Petersburg in early 1918, after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. During the Civil War he opposed <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> and took part in an anti-Bolshevik plot organised by members of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist-Revolutionary Party">Socialist-Revolutionary Party</a>. After the conspiracy was discovered by the <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a>, Shklovsky went into hiding, traveling in Russia and Ukraine, but was eventually pardoned in 1919 due to his connections with <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a>, and decided to abstain from political activity. His two brothers were executed by the Soviet regime (one in 1918, the other in 1937) and his sister died from hunger in St. Petersburg in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shklovsky integrated into Soviet society and even took part in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, serving in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. However, in 1922, he had to go into hiding once again, as he was threatened with arrest and possible execution for his former political activities, and he fled via Finland to Germany. In <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, in 1923, he published his memoirs about the period 1917–22 under the title <i><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сентиментальное путешествие, воспоминания</span></span></i> (<i><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Sentimental'noe puteshestvie, vospominaniia</i></span></i>, <i>A Sentimental Journey</i>), alluding to <i><a href="/wiki/A_Sentimental_Journey_Through_France_and_Italy" title="A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy">A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a>, an author he much admired and whose digressive style had a powerful influence on Shklovsky's writing. In the same year he was allowed to return to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, not least because of an appeal to Soviet authorities that he included in the last pages of his <a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">epistolary novel</a> <i>Zoo, or Letters Not About Love</i>. </p><p>The Yugoslav scholar <a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_Mihajlov" title="Mihajlo Mihajlov">Mihajlo Mihajlov</a> visited Shklovsky in 1963 and wrote: "I was much impressed by Shklovsky's liveliness of spirit, his varied interests and his enormous culture. When we said goodbye to Viktor Borisovich and started for Moscow, I felt that I had met one of the most cultured, most intelligent and best-educated men of our century."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died in Moscow in 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writer_and_theorist">Writer and theorist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writer and theorist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to literary criticism and biographies about such authors as <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Vladimir Mayakovsky</a>, he wrote a number of semi-autobiographical works disguised as fiction, which also served as experiments in his developing theories of literature. </p><p>Shklovsky is perhaps best known for developing the concept of <i>ostranenie</i> or <a href="/wiki/Defamiliarization" title="Defamiliarization">defamiliarization</a> (also translated as "estrangement") in literature.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained the concept in 1917 in the important essay "Art as Technique" (also translated as "Art as Device")<sup id="cite_ref-Shklovsky1917_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shklovsky1917-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which comprised the first chapter of his seminal <i>Theory of Prose</i>, first published in 1925. He argued for the need to turn something that has become over-familiar, like a <a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">cliché</a> in the literary canon, into something revitalized:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And so, in order to return sensation to our limbs, in order to make us feel objects, to make a stone feel stony, man has been given the tool of art. The purpose of art, then, is to lead us to a knowledge of a thing through the organ of sight instead of recognition. By "enstranging" objects and complicating form, the device of art makes perception long and "laborious." The perceptual process in art has a purpose all its own and ought to be extended to the fullest. Art is a means of experiencing the process of creativity. The artifact itself is quite unimportant.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Shklovsky, Viktor, Theory of Prose. Translated by Benjamin Sher, (Dalkey Archive Press, 1990), p. 6.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Among other things, Shklovsky also contributed the plot/story distinction (syuzhet/fabula), which separates out the sequence of events the work relates (the plot) from the sequence in which those events are presented in the work (the story). </p><p>Shklovsky's work pushes Russian Formalism towards understanding literary activity as integral parts of social practice, an idea that becomes important in the work of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Mikhail Bakhtin</a> and Russian and <a href="/wiki/Prague_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague School">Prague School</a> scholars of <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Shklovsky's thought also influenced western thinkers, partly due to <a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a>'s translations of the works of Russian formalists in the 1960s and 1970s, including <a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a> himself, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Genette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Genette">Gerard Genette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Robert_Jauss" title="Hans Robert Jauss">Hans Robert Jauss</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shklovsky was one of the very early serious writers on film. A collection of his essays and articles on film was published in 1923 (<i>Literature and Cinematography</i>, first English edition 2008). He was a close friend of director <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a> and published an extensive critical assessment of his life and works (Moscow 1976, no English translation). </p><p>Beginning in the 1920s and well into the 1970s Shklovsky worked as a screenwriter on numerous Soviet films (see <i>Select Filmography</i> below), a part of his life and work that, thus far, has seen very limited attention. In his book <i>Third Factory</i> Shklovsky reflects on his work in film, writing: "First of all, I have a job at the third factory of <a href="/wiki/Goskino" class="mw-redirect" title="Goskino">Goskino</a>. Second of all, the name isn't hard to explain. The first factory was my family and school. The second was <a href="/wiki/OPOJAZ" title="OPOJAZ">Opoyaz</a>. And the third – is processing me at this very moment."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography_(English)"><span id="Bibliography_.28English.29"></span>Bibliography (English)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography (English)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Sentimental Journey: Memoirs, 1917–1922</i> (1923, translated in 1970 by Richard Sheldon)</li> <li><i>Zoo, or Letters Not About Love</i> (1923, translated in 1971 by Richard Sheldon) – epistolary novel</li> <li><i>Knight's Move</i> (1923, translated in 2005) – collection of essays first published in the Soviet theatre journal, <i>The Life of Art</i></li> <li><i>Literature and Cinematography</i> (1923, translated in 2008)</li> <li><i>Theory of Prose</i> (1925, translated in 1990) – essay collection</li> <li><i>Third Factory</i> (1926, translated in 1979 by Richard Sheldon)</li> <li><i>The Hamburg Score</i> (1928, translation by Shushan Avagyan published in 2017)</li> <li><i>Life of a Bishop's Assistant</i> (1931, translation by Valeriya Yermishova published in 2017)</li> <li><i>A Hunt for Optimism</i> (1931, translated in 2012)</li> <li><i>Mayakovsky and his circle</i> (1941, translated in 1972) – about the times of poet <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Vladimir Mayakovsky</a></li> <li><i>Leo Tolstoy</i> (1963, translated in 1996)</li> <li><i>Bowstring: On the Dissimilarity of the Similar</i> (1970, translated in 2011)</li> <li><i>Energy of Delusion: A Book on Plot</i> (1981, translated in 2007)</li> <li><i>Shklovsky: A Reader</i> (selected writings, translated and published in 2016)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Select_filmography_(as_writer)"><span id="Select_filmography_.28as_writer.29"></span>Select filmography (as writer)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Select filmography (as writer)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>By the Law</i>, 1926, director <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Lev Kuleshov</a>, based on a story by <a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">Jack London</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jews_on_Land" title="Jews on Land">Jews on Land</a></i>, 1927, director <a href="/wiki/Abram_Room" title="Abram Room">Abram Room</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bed_and_Sofa" title="Bed and Sofa">Bed and Sofa</a></i>, 1927, director <a href="/wiki/Abram_Room" title="Abram Room">Abram Room</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_on_Trubnaya" title="The House on Trubnaya">The House on Trubnaya</a></i>, 1928, director <a href="/wiki/Boris_Barnet" title="Boris Barnet">Boris Barnet</a></li> <li><i> The House of Ice</i>, 1928, director <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Eggert" title="Konstantin Eggert">Konstantin Eggert</a>, based on the eponymous novel by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lazhechnikov" title="Ivan Lazhechnikov">Ivan Lazhechnikov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krazana" title="Krazana">Krazana</a></i>, 1928, director <a href="/wiki/Kote_Mardjanishvili" class="mw-redirect" title="Kote Mardjanishvili">Kote Mardjanishvili</a>, based on the novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gadfly" title="The Gadfly">The Gadfly</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Lilian_Voynich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethel Lilian Voynich">Ethel Lilian Voynich</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turksib_(1929_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turksib (1929 film)">Turksib</a></i>, documentary, 1929, director <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Alexandrovitsh_Turin" title="Viktor Alexandrovitsh Turin">Viktor Alexandrovitsh Turin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikanka_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerikanka (film) (page does not exist)">Amerikanka (film)</a></i>, 1930, director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Esakya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Esakya (page does not exist)">Leo Esakya</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Horizon</i>, 1932, director Lev Kuleshov</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minin_and_Pozharsky_(film)" title="Minin and Pozharsky (film)">Minin and Pozharsky</a></i>, 1939, director <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Vsevolod Pudovkin</a></li> <li><i>The Gadfly</i>, 1956, director <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Faintsimmer" title="Aleksandr Faintsimmer">Aleksandr Faintsimmer</a>, based on the eponymous novel by Ethel Lilian Voynich</li> <li><i>Kazaki</i>, 1961, director <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Pronin">Vasili Pronin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interviews">Interviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Serena Vitale: <i>Shklovsky: Witness to an Era</i>, translated by Jamie Richards, Dalkey Archive Press, Champaign, London, Dublin, 2012 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56478-791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56478-791-0">978-1-56478-791-0</a> (Italian edition first pub. in 1979). The interview by Vitale is arguably the most important historical document covering the later years of Shklovsy’s life and work.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">transliterated</a> <b>Shklovskii</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Rollberg2016" class="citation book cs1">Peter Rollberg (2016). <i>Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema</i>. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 670–671. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442268425" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442268425"><bdi>978-1442268425</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Russian+and+Soviet+Cinema&rft.place=US&rft.pages=670-671&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1442268425&rft.au=Peter+Rollberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Shklovsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShklovskySherBruns1993" class="citation book cs1">Shklovsky, Viktor; Sher, Benjamin; Bruns, Gerald (1 April 1993). <i>Theory of Prose</i>. Elmwood Park, Ill: Dalkey Archive Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780916583644" title="Special:BookSources/9780916583644"><bdi>9780916583644</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Prose&rft.place=Elmwood+Park%2C+Ill&rft.pub=Dalkey+Archive+Press&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.isbn=9780916583644&rft.aulast=Shklovsky&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rft.au=Sher%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Bruns%2C+Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Shklovsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bloomsburyliterarystudiesblog.com/continuum-literary-studie/2017/12/announcing-mla-award-winners-ecocriticism-italy-viktor-shklovsky-reader.html">"Announcing MLA award winners: Ecocriticism and Italy and Viktor Shklovsky: A Reader - Bloomsbury Literary Studies Blog"</a>. <i>Bloomsbury Literary Studies Blog</i>. 11 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomsbury+Literary+Studies+Blog&rft.atitle=Announcing+MLA+award+winners%3A+Ecocriticism+and+Italy+and+Viktor+Shklovsky%3A+A+Reader+-+Bloomsbury+Literary+Studies+Blog&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbloomsburyliterarystudiesblog.com%2Fcontinuum-literary-studie%2F2017%2F12%2Fannouncing-mla-award-winners-ecocriticism-italy-viktor-shklovsky-reader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Shklovsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury.com" class="citation web cs1">Bloomsbury.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/viktor-shklovsky-9781501310379/">"Viktor Shklovsky"</a>. <i>Bloomsbury Publishing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.atitle=Viktor+Shklovsky&rft.au=Bloomsbury.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fus%2Fviktor-shklovsky-9781501310379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Shklovsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury.com" class="citation web cs1">Bloomsbury.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/viktor-shklovsky-9781501310379/">"Viktor Shklovsky"</a>. <i>Bloomsbury Publishing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.atitle=Viktor+Shklovsky&rft.au=Bloomsbury.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fus%2Fviktor-shklovsky-9781501310379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Shklovsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shklovsky, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614124558/http://magazines.russ.ru/voplit/2002/4/sh22.html">Письма внуку. Letters to My Grandson</a> (In Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mihajlo Mihajlov, <i>Moscow Summer</i> (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1965), p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carla Benedetti (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7Aj5x6hX08C&pg=PA118"><i>The empty cage: inquiry into the mysterious disappearance of the author</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shklovsky1917-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shklovsky1917_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viktor Shklovsky (1917) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vahidnab.com/defam.htm"><i>Art as Technique</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091205211412/http://www.vahidnab.com/defam.htm">Archived</a> 5 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Brooker, Andrzej Gasiorek, Deborah Longworth (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47AfJ0umxQ8C&pg=PA841"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Modernism</i></a><i> p.841</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viktor Shklovsky: <i>Third Factory</i>, Dalkey Archive Press 2002, pp.8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antti Alanen: <i>Film Diary</i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anttialanenfilmdiary.blogspot.com/2011/10/amerikanka.html">Amerikanka</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/45234726/The_Motherland_will_Notice_her_Terrible_Mistake_Paradox_of_Futurism_in_Jasienski_Mayakovsky_and_Shklovsky">The Motherland will Notice her Terrible Mistake: Paradox of Futurism in Jasienski, Mayakovsky and Shklovsky</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shklovsky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asymptotejournal.com/article.php?cat=Nonfiction&id=11&curr_index=4">An excerpt from <i>Bowstring</i> in <i>Asymptote</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/12055/">The Formalist’s Formalist: On Viktor Shklovsky by Joshua Cohen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/reading-viktor-shklovsky-with-a-little-bit-about-jonathan-franzen/">Reading Viktor Shklovsky with a little bit about Jonathan Franzen by Martin Riker, <i>Context</i> #13</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/currentstudents/undergraduate/modules/fulllist/first/en122/lecturelist-2015-16-2/shklovsky.pdf">An excerpt from the essay "Art as Technique" (An alternate translation of "Iskusstvo kak priyom")</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/SHKLOVSKI_VIKTOR_BORISOVICH.html">Biography in "Энциклопедия Кругосвет" (in Russian)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidbordwell.net/essays/shklovsky.php">Shklovsky's "Monument to a Scientific Error"</a>, translation available online at <a href="/wiki/David_Bordwell" title="David Bordwell">David Bordwell</a>'s site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijors.net/issue6_1_2017/pdf/__www.ijors.net_issue6_1_2017_article_2_francis.pdf">The Trotsky-Shklovsky Debate: Formalism versus Marxism</a>. <i>International Journal of Russian Studies</i> 6 (January 2017): 15–27.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/154703239">Victor Shklovsky and Roman Jacobson. Life as a Novel</a> documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nepevny" title="Vladimir Nepevny">Vladimir Nepevny</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312467#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312467#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312467#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121469164">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108303033">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1717073/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj8JtFjDr4vRPgCDxPG73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118765701">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79105923">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11896719b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11896719b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00456448">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Šklovskij, Viktor Borisovič"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV020175">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35496901">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990209858&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5006903">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200900553">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn2415z8221h5sj">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810581997505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/39872">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268014905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14373224">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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