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Key Figures and Milestones

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id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/key-figures-and-milestones-4133029" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_7-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Key Figures & Milestones</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_3-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li></ul> <h1 class="hero-complex-title">Key Figures and Milestones</h1> <p class="hero-complex-desc">Discover the fascinating history of geography. Learn about the explorers and academics whose discoveries and ideas helped us understand Earth and its features.</p> </div> <div class="loc hero-complex-img"><img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VnqLsoND58y9D9IZsE2Lbq7t_SE=/360x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/tax2_image_geography-58a22d1368a0972917bfb544.png" width="360" height="0" class=" hero-complex-img mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </div></div><div class="l-left-sidebar "> <div class="loc sidebar l-sidebar"> <div id="breadcrumbs-list_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs-list is-full is-expandable hide-toplevel-small" data-tracking-container="true"> <span class="breadcrumbs-list-title"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" >Geography</a> </span> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-list"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-basics-4133034" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Basics <svg class="icon 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src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/-KeeqePEdYQ94a_4dG0C6BYkr3M=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/inigoarza-5c72cffe46e0fb0001b68224.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Great wall of china" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Great Wall of China</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_11-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_11-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434998" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-at-harvard-1434998" data-ordinal="11"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/plFTBWtTVHCNOcO0346BOcxoVmA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/harvard-university-5956d1a73df78c4eb6a7f401.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Harvard University" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/plFTBWtTVHCNOcO0346BOcxoVmA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/harvard-university-5956d1a73df78c4eb6a7f401.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Harvard University" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Geography at Harvard</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_12-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_12-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435000" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/important-cities-in-black-history-1435000" data-ordinal="12"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/INTjJQqYniwyYil7Pc_3MbouRzk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1125109125-fa64dc4370da46c5a9a0e7a27ab4cb03.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Little Rock, Arkansas" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/INTjJQqYniwyYil7Pc_3MbouRzk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1125109125-fa64dc4370da46c5a9a0e7a27ab4cb03.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Little Rock, Arkansas" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Important Cities in Black History</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_13-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_13-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435033" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-anaximander-1435033" data-ordinal="13"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rjzStmJ7NaT8giPtprx2p8JsmnU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-182471465-5b4c8478c9e77c003729641f.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Compass on a map" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rjzStmJ7NaT8giPtprx2p8JsmnU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-182471465-5b4c8478c9e77c003729641f.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Compass on a map" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Biography of Anaximander</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_14-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_14-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435008" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/carl-o-sauer-biography-1435008" data-ordinal="14"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rxCexKgE9edHgk0RwSQdGiwW3CI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/carlosauer-5b57577646e0fb0037892720.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Carl Ortwin Sauer" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rxCexKgE9edHgk0RwSQdGiwW3CI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/carlosauer-5b57577646e0fb0037892720.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Carl Ortwin Sauer" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Biography of Carl O. Sauer</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_15-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_15-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435015" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/islamic-geography-in-the-middle-ages-1435015" data-ordinal="15"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/161pZmgQWuPoliLAl0tNGozOmzE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TabulaRogeriana-58b9ca0b3df78c353c3730ae.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Tabula Rogeriana" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/161pZmgQWuPoliLAl0tNGozOmzE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TabulaRogeriana-58b9ca0b3df78c353c3730ae.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Tabula Rogeriana" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Rise of Islamic Geography in the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_16-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_16-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1433497" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/amerigo-vespucci-geographer-1433497" data-ordinal="16"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_ZgttA689wGG5cuxRm5TlETNNp0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/amerigo-vespucci-finding-the-southern-cross-constellation-with-an-astrolabe--americae-retectio---1591--artist--galle--philipp--1537-1612--464447635-5c79b5aac9e77c000136a733.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Amerigo Vespucci finding the Southern Cross constellation" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_ZgttA689wGG5cuxRm5TlETNNp0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/amerigo-vespucci-finding-the-southern-cross-constellation-with-an-astrolabe--americae-retectio---1591--artist--galle--philipp--1537-1612--464447635-5c79b5aac9e77c000136a733.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Amerigo Vespucci finding the Southern Cross constellation" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Amerigo Vespucci, Italian Explorer and Cartographer</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_17-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_17-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434999" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/harm-de-blij-1434999" data-ordinal="17"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Aig2xcIYTp0WQwFyBJzCz438d5c=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/faculty_hannah_deBlij-5b7597f0c9e77c005027356c.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Harm de Blij" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Aig2xcIYTp0WQwFyBJzCz438d5c=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/faculty_hannah_deBlij-5b7597f0c9e77c005027356c.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Harm de Blij" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Harm de Blij - Biography of the Famous Geographer</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_18-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_18-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435014" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/grand-tour-of-europe-1435014" data-ordinal="18"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ATyfA0-9oaVgtp9HZlCxvnkTyNE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GrandCanalVenice-5c394920c9e77c0001152b4e.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ATyfA0-9oaVgtp9HZlCxvnkTyNE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GrandCanalVenice-5c394920c9e77c0001152b4e.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">18th Century Grand Tour of Europe</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_19-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_19-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435030" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/william-morris-davis-1435030" data-ordinal="19"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/D7ESkXxFVlyadKd5s7sVbprHXRg=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/geologic-forms-in-arches-national-park-utah-usa-121837826-58e146da3df78c5162a72dbe.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/D7ESkXxFVlyadKd5s7sVbprHXRg=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/geologic-forms-in-arches-national-park-utah-usa-121837826-58e146da3df78c5162a72dbe.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">William Morris Davis</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_20-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_20-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435003" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ottoman-empire-1435003" data-ordinal="20"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LLtPI85MsZLB1RkHvHG3qc_xc-o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-624913026-5b16b8683418c600370c85c9.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey on a sunny day." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LLtPI85MsZLB1RkHvHG3qc_xc-o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-624913026-5b16b8683418c600370c85c9.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey on a sunny day." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_21-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_21-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435696" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-cartography-1435696" data-ordinal="21"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Bl8gnRXI_Mj_IWP_dBHsg5CMczc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-840106336-5b64c6aa46e0fb0025b56712.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Tourists looking at a map" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Bl8gnRXI_Mj_IWP_dBHsg5CMczc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-840106336-5b64c6aa46e0fb0025b56712.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Tourists looking at a map" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The History of Cartography</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_22-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_22-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435017" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/louisiana-purchase-1435017" data-ordinal="22"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7lYql2dSdb_A56UDaNO---qFaCQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Thomas-Jefferson-Louisiana-resized-58b9c9fb3df78c353c372fa8.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7lYql2dSdb_A56UDaNO---qFaCQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Thomas-Jefferson-Louisiana-resized-58b9c9fb3df78c353c372fa8.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_23-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_23-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="4068393" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-mackinders-heartland-theory-4068393" data-ordinal="23"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hRlsK2EDEw1BxknxDDqPwY4SEms=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/antique-vintage-map-of-europe-selective-focus-sepia-174445944-58dea3c13df78c5162dac56f.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Antique Vintage Map of Europe Selective Focus Sepia" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hRlsK2EDEw1BxknxDDqPwY4SEms=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/antique-vintage-map-of-europe-selective-focus-sepia-174445944-58dea3c13df78c5162dac56f.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Antique Vintage Map of Europe Selective Focus Sepia" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">What Is Mackinder&#39;s Heartland Theory?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_24-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_24-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435547" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/istanbul-was-once-constantinople-1435547" data-ordinal="24"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/k5k-HC3ATtnnyEew39FGq3i1Gmc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-569029413-bdf2c944e05943ada1f896c958863354.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Istanbul, Turkey" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/k5k-HC3ATtnnyEew39FGq3i1Gmc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-569029413-bdf2c944e05943ada1f896c958863354.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Istanbul, Turkey" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Istanbul Was Once Constantinople</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_25-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_25-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435024" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/prince-henry-the-navigator-1435024" data-ordinal="25"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/UdcWgr3clvWVMx9ZMo_bZ3fR3yo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-553316617-58b9c9e35f9b58af5ca6b142.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Monument of the Discoveries in Lisbon, Portugal" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/UdcWgr3clvWVMx9ZMo_bZ3fR3yo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-553316617-58b9c9e35f9b58af5ca6b142.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Monument of the Discoveries in Lisbon, Portugal" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Profile of Prince Henry the Navigator</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_26-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_26-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435025" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ptolemy-biography-1435025" data-ordinal="26"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Zr3d5NKyAf8EGssJCiWAcQy6kUY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/85768521-58b9cade5f9b58af5ca6d713.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Compass on map" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Zr3d5NKyAf8EGssJCiWAcQy6kUY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/85768521-58b9cade5f9b58af5ca6d713.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Compass on map" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Ptolemy&#39;s Contributions to Geography</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_27-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_27-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1433438" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/reillys-law-of-retail-gravitation-1433438" data-ordinal="27"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9e0JjXCxm6vjNFGpFMpCg1oligs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/r-58b9dc463df78c353c472fbb.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Reilly&#39;s Law of Retail Gravitation" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9e0JjXCxm6vjNFGpFMpCg1oligs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/r-58b9dc463df78c353c472fbb.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Reilly&#39;s Law of Retail Gravitation" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Reilly&#39;s Law of Retail Gravitation</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_28-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_28-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434533" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-hanging-gardens-of-babylon-1434533" data-ordinal="28"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BHyD8brPqWG0tp91aGXGnT0Igyw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/hanginggardens-58b9e01b3df78c353c4d5d0b.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven Ancient Wonders of the World" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BHyD8brPqWG0tp91aGXGnT0Igyw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/hanginggardens-58b9e01b3df78c353c4d5d0b.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven Ancient Wonders of the World" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Hanging Gardens of Babylon</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_29-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_29-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435034" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/famous-geographers-1435034" data-ordinal="29"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ctf171tyfLooRLO0mRGQXJ9-WU8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-900301534-5b711b1346e0fb0050f13690.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Thumbtack on a map" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ctf171tyfLooRLO0mRGQXJ9-WU8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-900301534-5b711b1346e0fb0050f13690.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Thumbtack on a map" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Famous People Who Studied Geography and Renowned Geographers</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_30-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_30-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435007" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/carl-ritter-geographer-1435007" data-ordinal="30"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NNsSpCa_yG8zY8Cytag3Z0S2ZFU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-517402370-5b622aa2c9e77c002c7ef9f3-5b8812d7c9e77c0050ea7010.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Portrait of Karl Ritter, painting by Carl Begas." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NNsSpCa_yG8zY8Cytag3Z0S2ZFU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-517402370-5b622aa2c9e77c002c7ef9f3-5b8812d7c9e77c0050ea7010.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Portrait of Karl Ritter, painting by Carl Begas." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Carl Ritter</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_31-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_31-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434534" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-lighthouse-of-alexandria-1434534" data-ordinal="31"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OQjGPMWpGM8ZrCcuiiU7K7ZlN10=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lighthousealexandria-58b9e0143df78c353c4d48a4.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Lighthouse of Alexandria" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OQjGPMWpGM8ZrCcuiiU7K7ZlN10=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lighthousealexandria-58b9e0143df78c353c4d48a4.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Lighthouse of Alexandria" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Lighthouse of Alexandria</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_32-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_32-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435526" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/spanish-enclaves-of-north-africa-1435526" data-ordinal="32"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/S9fJ01SNQgKA0jo0zNdVWURwpmY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-953416586-5b7de07e46e0fb00250ca216.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Scenic View Of Sea Against Sky" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/S9fJ01SNQgKA0jo0zNdVWURwpmY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-953416586-5b7de07e46e0fb00250ca216.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Scenic View Of Sea Against Sky" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Spanish Enclaves of North Africa</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_33-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_33-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1433427" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/captain-james-cook-1433427" data-ordinal="33"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/r7tOXgGKA-S3vlB9InAub7rb3Kc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/160541624-58b9dc4a5f9b58af5cb6b9a1.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="statue of Captain James Cook" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/r7tOXgGKA-S3vlB9InAub7rb3Kc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/160541624-58b9dc4a5f9b58af5cb6b9a1.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="statue of Captain James Cook" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Captain James Cook</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_34-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_34-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435001" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/new-and-old-countries-1435001" data-ordinal="34"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3FFr3bFuvjzzzQpQQIMDRbnfaBk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-735959973-5b520a4ac9e77c00379bb0e5-8c83189e34ff42e58a2dfb3094cbb98a.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The statue of Liberty in front of New York City&#39;s World Trade Center" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3FFr3bFuvjzzzQpQQIMDRbnfaBk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-735959973-5b520a4ac9e77c00379bb0e5-8c83189e34ff42e58a2dfb3094cbb98a.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The statue of Liberty in front of New York City&#39;s World Trade Center" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">&#34;New&#34; and &#34;Old&#34; Countries</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_35-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_35-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434531" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-colossus-at-rhodes-1434531" data-ordinal="35"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/EtgODMr4Ji6J5Kra2AKUjifnL7o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-514887778-5bae4689c9e77c0051167c9e.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Drawing depicting the Colossus of Rhodes." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/EtgODMr4Ji6J5Kra2AKUjifnL7o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-514887778-5bae4689c9e77c0051167c9e.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Drawing depicting the Colossus of Rhodes." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Colossus at Rhodes</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_36-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_36-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434526" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/statue-of-zeus-at-olympia-1434526" data-ordinal="36"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BKS5DIyrdZ4mhbv2mPjnzbfzop8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/statueofzeus-58b9e03e3df78c353c4d9e95-5b60869746e0fb002cee3eb1.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Statue of Zeus at Olympia" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BKS5DIyrdZ4mhbv2mPjnzbfzop8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/statueofzeus-58b9e03e3df78c353c4d9e95-5b60869746e0fb002cee3eb1.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Statue of Zeus at Olympia" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Statue of Zeus at Olympia</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_37-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_37-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435670" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/temple-of-artemis-at-ephesus-1435670" data-ordinal="37"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ISpK0wc3Oh2LMBYundQKUGKJJCE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-125176388-5b521fe546e0fb0037a9a056.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Illustration of the Temple of Artemis" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ISpK0wc3Oh2LMBYundQKUGKJJCE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-125176388-5b521fe546e0fb0037a9a056.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Illustration of the Temple of Artemis" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">Temple of Artemis at Ephesus</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_38-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_38-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1434535" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-mausoleum-at-halicarnassus-1434535" data-ordinal="38"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/-hE302mLuvtVST1A4NXlw0lJ2dI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/mausoleum-58b9e0085f9b58af5cbcc6e2.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/-hE302mLuvtVST1A4NXlw0lJ2dI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/mausoleum-58b9e0085f9b58af5cbcc6e2.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_39-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_39-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1433538" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/map-stops-cholera-1433538" data-ordinal="39"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xOY2Trf_eF9MCJOEpwBjK9BlNNw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/choleralondon2-58b9de315f9b58af5cba4691.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="A picture of a crowded London street, easy prey for cholera in the 1850s." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xOY2Trf_eF9MCJOEpwBjK9BlNNw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/choleralondon2-58b9de315f9b58af5cba4691.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="A picture of a crowded London street, easy prey for cholera in the 1850s." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Key Figures & Milestones"></div> <span class="block-title">A Map Stops Cholera</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_40-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_40-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="1435695" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/gerardus-mercator-maps-1435695" data-ordinal="40"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img 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