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Battle of Tangier (1664) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1664 battle between English and Moroccan forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Tangier</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg/300px-Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg/450px-Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg/600px-Capture_of_a_Moorish_Standard_at_Tangier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span><br />An illustration of the battle</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>4 May 1664</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/English_Tangier" title="English Tangier">English Tangier</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Moroccan victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="England"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco_%281666%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khadir_Gha%C3%AFlan" title="Khadir Ghaïlan">Khadir Ghaïlan</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rutherford,_1st_Earl_of_Teviot" title="Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot">Earl of Teviot</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;Old English Text MT&#39;,serif"><b>&#8224;</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~11,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 500</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown (heavy)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~470 killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Battle of Tangier</b>, also known as the <b>Battle of Jew's Hill</b>, took place between a detachment of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Tangier_Garrison" title="Tangier Garrison">Tangier Garrison</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tangier" title="List of governors of Tangier">governor of Tangier</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rutherford,_1st_Earl_of_Teviot" title="Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot">Lord Teviot</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> force commanded by <a href="/wiki/Khadir_Gha%C3%AFlan" title="Khadir Ghaïlan">Khadir Ghaïlan</a> on 4 May 1664. Successfully <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushing</a> the 500-strong English force, Ghaïlan's men killed all but thirty of them, including Teviot. The battle was the bloodiest defeat suffered by the Tangier Garrison during the <a href="/wiki/English_Tangier" title="English Tangier">English occupation of Tangier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1661, the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>, which had previously been part of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>, passed under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English control</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> when he married <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>. During <a href="/wiki/English_Tangier" title="English Tangier">England's occupation of Tangier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tangier_Garrison" title="Tangier Garrison">Tangier Garrison</a>, an <a href="/wiki/English_Army" title="English Army">English Army</a> force sent to <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> the city, faced constant attacks from Moroccan forces opposed to their presence in the region. In 1663, Scottish soldier <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rutherford,_1st_Earl_of_Teviot" title="Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot">Lord Teviot</a> was sent to Tangier to serve as the city's <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tangier" title="List of governors of Tangier">governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett20165–11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett20165–11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arriving in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> to take up the post, Teviot implemented major reforms to the Tangier Garrison during his tenure in office. Teviot also ordered the construction of several outlying <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> to protect Tangier and won several victories over the forces of <a href="/wiki/Khadir_Gha%C3%AFlan" title="Khadir Ghaïlan">Khadir Ghaïlan</a> (known to the English as "Guyland"), a local Moroccan warlord. However, Teviot was frequently frustrated in his plans by a lack of <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 May 1664, Teviot, commanding a 500-strong detachment of Tangier Garrison troops (consisting of a mixture of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> soldiers) marched his men towards an area known to the English as Jew's Hill or Jew's Mount. Some historical accounts suggest that Teviot had made plans to gather stocks of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">timber</a> and other building materials from the surrounding areas, though other accounts suggested that Teviot's expedition may have been intended to <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">forage the local area</a> or that he planned to cut down a patch of <a href="/wiki/Melaleuca_uncinata" title="Melaleuca uncinata">brushwood</a> that Moroccan forces had used as cover during their previous attacks on Tangier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once Teviot and his men had crossed a river known to the English as Jew's River, they encountered around 3,000 Moroccan warriors. Teviot's men rapidly attacked the Moroccans, driving them off. They pursued the fleeing enemy, but it quickly became apparent that this was a trap as a much larger Moroccan force of 8,000 men under the command of Ghaïlan was waiting to <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a> them. The broken terrain was ill-suited for Teviot's men to form their battle ranks, and the engagement quickly devolved into <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">hand-to-hand combat</a> in which Teviot's men were overwhelmed by sheer numbers. Teviot attempted to rally his men on the top of Jew's Hill but was <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a>. Only around thirty of the five hundred who had marched out escaped back to the safety of Tangier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As had occurred in other Anglo-Moroccan conflicts over Tangier, the Moroccans <a href="/wiki/Mutilation" title="Mutilation">mutilated</a> the corpses of Teviot's men who were killed during the battle. Following Teviot's death, the position of governor and command over the Tangier Garrison devolved to his Irish subordinate, <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_(governor)" title="John Fitzgerald (governor)">John Fitzgerald</a>. Moroccan pressure on Tangier weakened due to political developments occurring elsewhere in Morocco, and Fitzgerald signed several <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> treaties with hostile Moroccan parties, which by 1666 had led to a general peace in English Tangier. Though occasional skirmishes between the Tangier Garrison and Moroccan forces continued to occur, a major battle would not occur until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Tangier" title="Great Siege of Tangier">Great Siege of Tangier</a> in 1680.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1662)" title="Battle of Tangier (1662)">Battle of Tangier (1662)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1675)" title="Battle of Tangier (1675)">Battle of Tangier (1675)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Tangier" title="Great Siege of Tangier">Great Siege of Tangier</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013137–139_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChilds2013">Childs 2013</a>, pp.&#160;137–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett20165–11-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett20165–11_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett2016">Corbett 2016</a>, pp.&#160;5–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2013139–140_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChilds2013">Childs 2013</a>, pp.&#160;139–140.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChilds2013" class="citation book cs1">Childs, John (2013). <i>The Army of Charles II</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415846110" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415846110"><bdi>978-0415846110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Army+of+Charles+II&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0415846110&amp;rft.aulast=Childs&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tangier+%281664%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Corbett" title="Julian Corbett">Corbett, Julian</a> (2016). <i>England in the Mediterranean: A Study of the Rise and Influence of British Power within the Straits 1603-1713</i>. Vol.&#160;2. Palala Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1357570835" title="Special:BookSources/978-1357570835"><bdi>978-1357570835</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=England+in+the+Mediterranean%3A+A+Study+of+the+Rise+and+Influence+of+British+Power+within+the+Straits+1603-1713&amp;rft.pub=Palala+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1357570835&amp;rft.aulast=Corbett&amp;rft.aufirst=Julian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tangier+%281664%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Tangier" title="Template:Tangier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tangier" title="Template talk:Tangier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tangier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tangier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tangier" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tangier" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tangier">History of Tangier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tangier" title="Timeline of Tangier">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tangier" title="List of governors of Tangier">List of European governors of Tangier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Tangier (1664)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Tangier" title="English Tangier">English Tangier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_Garrison" title="Tangier Garrison">Tangier Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Royal_Regiment_(West_Surrey)" title="Queen&#39;s Royal Regiment (West Surrey)">1st Tangier Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Tangier_Regiment" title="2nd Tangier Regiment">2nd Tangier Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Spartel" title="Battle of Cape Spartel">Battle of Cape Spartel (1782)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tangiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tangiers">Treaty of Tangiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">First Moroccan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangier Protocol">Tangier Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_International_Zone" title="Tangier International Zone">Tangier International Zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Tangier_International_Zone" title="List of rulers of the Tangier International Zone">Administrators and Mendoubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Spartel_(1936)" title="Battle of Cape Spartel (1936)">Battle of Cape Spartel (1936)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tangier_Medina_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View over the Tangier medina from the roof terrace of Dar Jameel"><img alt="View over the Tangier medina from the roof terrace of Dar Jameel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tangier_Medina_01.jpg/160px-Tangier_Medina_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tangier_Medina_01.jpg/240px-Tangier_Medina_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tangier_Medina_01.jpg/320px-Tangier_Medina_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tangier" title="Economy of Tangier">Economy of Tangier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_Exportation_Free_Zone" title="Tangier Exportation Free Zone">Tangier Exportation Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanger-med" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanger-med">Tanger-med</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts and streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_City_Center" title="Tangier City Center">Tangier City Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Socco" title="Grand Socco">Grand Socco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Socco" title="Petit Socco">Petit Socco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quartier_du_Marshan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quartier du Marshan (page does not exist)">Quartier du Marshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Es-Siaghine" title="Rue Es-Siaghine">Rue Es-Siaghine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_de_la_Libert%C3%A9_(Tangier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue de la Liberté (Tangier) (page does not exist)">Rue de la Liberté</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Pasteur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Pasteur (page does not exist)">Avenue Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_d%27Espagne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue d&#39;Espagne (page does not exist)">Avenue d'Espagne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Mohammed_VI_(Tangier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Mohammed VI (Tangier) (page does not exist)">Avenue Mohammed VI</a> beach</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Tangier" title="Grand Mosque of Tangier">Grand Mosque of Tangier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah_Mosque_(Tangier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasbah Mosque (Tangier)">Kasbah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Bou_Abib_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidi Bou Abib Mosque">Sidi Bou Abib Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_Mosque,_Tangier" title="Mohammed V Mosque, Tangier">Mohammed V Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalla_Abla_Mosque" title="Lalla Abla Mosque">Lalla Abla Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Tangier)" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception (Tangier)">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Andrew,_Tangier" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier">Anglican Church of St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Church_of_Tangier" title="French Church of Tangier">French Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Cathedral_of_Tangier" title="Roman Catholic Cathedral of Tangier">Roman Catholic Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palaces and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah_Palace,_Tangier" title="Kasbah Palace, Tangier">Kasbah Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoubia" title="Mendoubia">Mendoubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoub%27s_Residence" title="Mendoub&#39;s Residence">Mendoub's Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshan_Palace,_Tangier" title="Marshan Palace, Tangier">Marshan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhafid_Palace" title="Abdelhafid Palace">Abdelhafid Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Tangier)" title="Museum of Contemporary Art (Tangier)">Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondation_Lorin" title="Fondation Lorin">Fondation Lorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Carmen-Macein" title="Musée de Carmen-Macein">Musée de Carmen-Macein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Toros_Tangier" title="Plaza de Toros Tangier">Plaza de Toros</a> bullring</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borj_en_Naam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Borj en Naam (page does not exist)">Borj en Naam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Teatro_Cervantes" title="Gran Teatro Cervantes">Gran Teatro Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Cecil_(Tangier,_Morocco)" title="Hotel Cecil (Tangier, Morocco)">Hotel Cecil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Continental_(Tangier)" title="Hotel Continental (Tangier)">Hotel Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate_General,_Tangier" title="French Consulate General, Tangier">French Consulate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Hafa" title="Café Hafa">Café Hafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerinn" title="Tangerinn">Tangerinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Muniria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Muniria (page does not exist)">Villa Muniria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools and colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_Anglo-Moroccan_School" title="Tangier Anglo-Moroccan School">Tangier Anglo-Moroccan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_School_of_Tangier" title="American School of Tangier">American School of Tangier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabat-Tangier_expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabat-Tangier expressway">Rabat-Tangier expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangier_Ibn_Battouta_Airport" title="Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport">Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atletico_Tanger" title="Atletico Tanger">Atletico Tanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IR_Tanger" title="IR Tanger">IR Tanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_Tanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Stade de Tanger">Stade de Tanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_Marchan" title="Stade de Marchan">Stade de Marchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_Radio_(Morocco)" title="Cap Radio (Morocco)">Cap Radio (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cricket_Stadium,_Tangier" title="National Cricket Stadium, Tangier">National Cricket Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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