CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Simula – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"ae5fbd76-e76f-9ca8-a1f4-e0bd7cfce0e6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Simula","wgTitle":"Simula","wgCurRevisionId":24764065,"wgRevisionId":24764065,"wgArticleId":1015,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med kildemaler som mangler tittel","Sider med kildemaler som inneholder rene URLer","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","Programmeringsspråk","Norske oppfinnelser"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Simula","wgRelevantArticleId":1015,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q212569","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/1200px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="581"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/800px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="388"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/640px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="310"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Simula – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Simula rootpage-Simula skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Simula" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Simula" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Simula" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Simula" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Simula</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 33 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9)" title="سيمولا (لغة برمجة) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيمولا (لغة برمجة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="সিমুলা (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিমুলা (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="سیمولا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمولا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AE%AC%EB%9D%BC" title="시뮬라 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시뮬라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Симула – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Симула" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2" title="സിമുല – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിമുല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Симула – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симула" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Симула – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาซิมูลา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาซิมูลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" title="Simula – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Simula" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212569#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Simula&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Simula"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Simula"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Simula" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Simula" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&oldid=24764065" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Simula&id=24764065&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSimula"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSimula"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Simula&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Simula" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212569" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24829246">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4"> Simula </th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Simula_-_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/250px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/375px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Simula_-_logo.svg/500px-Simula_-_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Tilblivelse</th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigme" title="Programmeringsparadigme">Paradigme</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigme" title="Programmeringsparadigme">Multi-paradigme</a>: <a href="/wiki/Objektorientert_programmering" title="Objektorientert programmering">Objektorientert programmering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosedyrisk_programmering" title="Prosedyrisk programmering">prosedyrisk programmering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperativ_programmering" title="Imperativ programmering">imperativ programmering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strukturert_programmering" title="Strukturert programmering">strukturert programmering</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programvaredesign" title="Programvaredesign">Designet av</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmerer" title="Programmerer">Utviklet av</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Siste versjon(er)</th><td colspan="2">Simula I, Simula 67</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Typetildeling</th><td colspan="2"> statisk, nominative </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem">OS</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Unix-liknende" title="Unix-liknende">Unix-liknende</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Påvirket av</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60">Algol 60</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/SIMSCRIPT" title="SIMSCRIPT">SIMSCRIPT</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Simula</b> var det første <a href="/wiki/Objektorientert_programmering" title="Objektorientert programmering">objektorienterte</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Programmeringsspråk">programmeringsspråket</a>, og en forgjenger til språkene <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> og <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> som igjen er forgjengere til en rekke andre objektorienterte språk, for eksempel Java. </p><p>Simula introduserte egenskaper som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objekt_(programmering)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objekt (programmering) (ikke skrevet ennå)">objekter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasse_(programmering)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasse (programmering) (ikke skrevet ennå)">klasser</a>, subklasser, arv, virtuelle metoder, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korutine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korutine (ikke skrevet ennå)">korutiner</a> og diskret hendelsessimulering<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Simula ble utviklet for simuleringer, og behovet innenfor det feltet dannet rammen for mange av aspektene ved objektorienterte programmeringsspråk i dag, inkludert virtuelle funksjoner. Simula ble utviklet i løpet av 1960-årene ved <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Regnesentral" title="Norsk Regnesentral">Norsk Regnesentral</a> med <a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> i spissen<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Språket ligner på flere måter på <a href="/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60">Algol 60</a> og var basert på det språket. </p><p>Simula I var oppe og kjørte i januar 1965. Det var utviklet for simulering. I 1967 ble Simula 67 publisert<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Simula 67 var et generelt programmeringsspråk. Simula var en periode populært for simulering og ble bl. a. brukt av Intel for simulering av integrerte kretser. Simula er i liten grad i bruk i næringslivet. Dets historiske rolle i utvikling av objektorientert tankegang og programmeringsspråk er viktigere enn den praktiske anvendelsen av språket. </p><p>I tillegg til å inspirere utviklingen av objektorienterte programmeringsspråk, inspirerte det til utvikling av objektorienterte databasesystemer på 1980-tallet. Et eksempel er Tornado, utviklet av Stig Ulfsby, Steinar Meen og Jørn Øian i 1980, som er direkte inspirert av Simula. </p><p>Simula 87 er siste versjon av språket. Det finnes en gratis oversetter, GNU Cim. </p><p>Etter Simulas 50-årsjubileum i 2017 ble Open Source Simula prosjektet startet<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En etterfølger for Simula, kalt <a href="/wiki/BETA_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="BETA (programmeringsspråk)">BETA</a> ble laget, men blir brukt i enda mindre grad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Objektorientert_programmering" title="Objektorientert programmering">Objektorientert programmering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BETA_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="BETA (programmeringsspråk)">BETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula_Research_Laboratory" title="Simula Research Laboratory">Simula Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dahl, Ole-Johan; Nygaard, Kristen (1967). <i>Class and subclass declarations</i>. Oslo: Norsk Regnesentral.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASimula&rft.au=Nygaard%2C+Kristen&rft.aufirst=Ole-Johan&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.btitle=Class+and+subclass+declarations&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Norsk+Regnesentral&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dahl, Ole-Johan; Nygaard, Kristen (1967). <i>Common Base Definition</i>. Oslo: Norsk Regnesentral.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASimula&rft.au=Nygaard%2C+Kristen&rft.aufirst=Ole-Johan&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.btitle=Common+Base+Definition&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Norsk+Regnesentral&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><i>portablesimula.github.io</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portablesimula.github.io/github.io/">https://portablesimula.github.io/github.io/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. april 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASimula&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portablesimula.github.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportablesimula.github.io%2Fgithub.io%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Manglende eller tom <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|tittel=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hjelp:CS1-feil#citation_missing_title" title="Hjelp:CS1-feil">hjelp</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simula&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snl.no/Simula">Simula</a>» i <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.uio.no/fag/informatikk-matematikk/informatikk/faglig/dns/index.html">Om Ole-Johan Dahl, Kristen Nygaard og Simula</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mn.uio.no/ifi/english/about/ole-johan-dahl/bibliography/the-birth-of-object-orientation-the-simula-languages.pdf">Ole-Johan Dahl: The Birth of Object Orientation: the Simula Languages (2001)</a> – om utviklingen av Simula <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Engelsk">(en)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831232523/http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~rjp/bookhtml/">An Introduction to Programming in Simula</a> <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Engelsk">(en)</span></li> <li>Gratis Simula oversetter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/cim/">GNU Cim</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programmeringsspråk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Mal:Programmeringsspråk"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Maldiskusjon:Programmeringsspråk"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Programmeringsspråk"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Programmeringsspråk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Programmeringsspråk">Programmeringsspråk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Tidslinje_over_programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Tidslinje over programmeringsspråk">Tidslinje</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/A_Sharp" title="A Sharp">A#</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alef_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Alef (programmeringsspråk)">Alef</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="ALGOL (programmeringsspråk)">ALGOL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60">ALGOL 60</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ALTRAN" title="ALTRAN">ALTRAN</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/APL_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="APL (programmeringsspråk)">APL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Argus_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Argus (programmeringsspråk)">Argus</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">Assembler</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Autokode" title="Autokode">Autokode</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Awk" title="Awk">awk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/B_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="B (programmeringsspråk)">B</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/BCPL" title="BCPL">BCPL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/BETA_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="BETA (programmeringsspråk)">BETA</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/BitC" title="BitC">BitC</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/BLISS" title="BLISS">BLISS</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bourne_Shell" title="Bourne Shell">Bourne Shell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="C (programmeringsspråk)">C</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C--" title="C--">C--</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">CHILL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp">C#</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Caml" title="Caml">Caml</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ch_(tolk)" title="Ch (tolk)">Ch</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cilk" title="Cilk">Cilk</a> <b>·</b> Cilk++ <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Intel_Cilk_Plus" title="Intel Cilk Plus">Cilk Plus</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clarion_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Clarion (programmeringsspråk)">Clarion</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">Clipper</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/CLISP" title="CLISP">CLISP</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/CLU" title="CLU">CLU</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/COMAL" title="COMAL">COMAL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_C" title="Concurrent C">Concurrent C</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Euclid" title="Concurrent Euclid">Concurrent Euclid</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Pascal" title="Concurrent Pascal">Concurrent Pascal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/D_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="D (programmeringsspråk)">D</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dylan_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Dylan (programmeringsspråk)">Dylan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Eiffel (programmeringsspråk)">Eiffel</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Erlang (programmeringsspråk)">Erlang</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Euclid_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Euclid (programmeringsspråk)">Euclid</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/F*" title="F*">F*</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp" title="F Sharp">F#</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Forth_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Forth (programmeringsspråk)">Forth</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Common_Lisp" title="GNU Common Lisp">GNU Common Lisp</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Pascal" title="GNU Pascal">GNU Pascal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Go_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Go (programmeringsspråk)">Go</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/HyperTalk" title="HyperTalk">HyperTalk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Incr_Tcl" title="Incr Tcl">Incr Tcl</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/INTERCAL" title="INTERCAL">INTERCAL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Interlisp" title="Interlisp">Interlisp</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Java_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Java (programmeringsspråk)">Java</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms" title="Lego Mindstorms">Legoscript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/LilyPond" title="LilyPond">LilyPond</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Limbo_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Limbo (programmeringsspråk)">Limbo</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lisp" title="Lisp">Lisp</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/LPC_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="LPC (programmeringsspråk)">LPC</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lynx_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Lynx (programmeringsspråk)">Lynx</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mary_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Mary (programmeringsspråk)">Mary</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesa_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Mesa (programmeringsspråk)">Mesa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/MetaLanguage" title="MetaLanguage">ML</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/MML_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="MML (programmeringsspråk)">MML</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modula" title="Modula">Modula</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modula-2%2B" title="Modula-2+">Modula-2+</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/MUMPS" title="MUMPS">MUMPS</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C++</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/OpenVera" title="OpenVera">OpenVera</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">O'Haskell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Pascal (programmeringsspråk)">Pascal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pike_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Pike (programmeringsspråk)">Pike</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plankalk%C3%BCl" title="Plankalkül">Plankalkül</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/PLEX_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="PLEX (programmeringsspråk)">PLEX</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prolog_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Prolog (programmeringsspråk)">Prolog</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Protel" title="Protel">Protel</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pure_Data" title="Pure Data">Pure Data</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/R_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="R (programmeringsspråk)">R</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ratfor" title="Ratfor">Ratfor</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/REXX" title="REXX">REXX</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/RTL/2" title="RTL/2">RTL/2</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Rust (programmeringsspråk)">Rust</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/SAS_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="SAS (programmeringsspråk)">SAS</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Scala (programmeringsspråk)">Scala</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme">Scheme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scratch" title="Scratch">Scratch</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Simula</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard ML (ikke skrevet ennå)">SML</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/SNOBOL" title="SNOBOL">SNOBOL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">Tcsh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/TECO" title="TECO">TECO</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/TOM_(objektorientert_programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="TOM (objektorientert programmeringsspråk)">TOM</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Basic" title="Turbo Basic">Turbo Basic</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Verilog" title="Verilog">Verilog</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visual_Prolog" title="Visual Prolog">Visual Prolog</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Turing_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Turing (programmeringsspråk)">Turing</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vala_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Vala (programmeringsspråk)">Vala</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/VHDL" title="VHDL">VHDL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Liste over programmeringsspråk">Liste over programmeringsspråk</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Programmeringsspråk">Kategori</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Simula">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/SIMULA">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/simula">Nationalencyklopedin</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4191599-9">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85122757">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph459466">NKC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simula&oldid=24764065">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simula&oldid=24764065</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Programmeringsspråk">Programmeringsspråk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Norske_oppfinnelser" title="Kategori:Norske oppfinnelser">Norske oppfinnelser</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_kildemaler_som_mangler_tittel" title="Kategori:Sider med kildemaler som mangler tittel">Sider med kildemaler som mangler tittel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_kildemaler_som_inneholder_rene_URLer" title="Kategori:Sider med kildemaler som inneholder rene URLer">Sider med kildemaler som inneholder rene URLer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 25. okt. 2024 kl. 11:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simula&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bw4cj","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.448","walltime":"0.765","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2337,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":44315,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7194,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18254,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 707.194 1 -total"," 47.89% 338.667 1 Mal:Infoboks_programmeringsspråk"," 22.58% 159.692 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 20.72% 146.523 2 Mal:Navboks"," 20.01% 141.491 2 Mal:Navbox"," 18.09% 127.923 1 Mal:Programmeringsspråk"," 16.44% 116.234 10 Mal:Infoboks_rad"," 11.04% 78.040 3 Mal:Bilde_fra_Wikidata"," 8.83% 62.467 4 Mal:Infoboks_overskrift"," 6.52% 46.133 1 Mal:Infoboks_start"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.258","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6394155,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6fdd9f9b88-6nn5k","timestamp":"20241130170942","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Simula","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simula","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212569","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212569","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-22T07:20:46Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T10:03:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/Simula_-_logo.svg","headline":"programmeringsspr\u00e5k"}</script> </body> </html>