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particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexuality" title="History of homosexuality">Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships</a> have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following individuals received the death penalty for it. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executed_individuals">Executed individuals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Executed individuals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>John de Wettre</td> <td>8 September 1292</td> <td>A "maker of small knives" condemned at <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> and burned at the pillory next to St. Peter's.<a href="#cite_note-perspectives-1">[1]</a>: 17  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willem Case </td> <td rowspan="2">1373 </td> <td rowspan="2">Executed in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan van Aersdone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1375 </td> <td>Executed in <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1391 </td> <td>One of 17 defendants (including 2 women) at a mass trial in <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a>; only one to confess.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three unknowns </td> <td>28 June 1578 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a>, burned in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1601 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a>, burned in Antwerp.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Robert de Peronne </td> <td>1317 </td> <td>Also known as de Bray, burned in <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>; brother Jean given unknown sentence for same charge the next year.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre Poirer </td> <td>1334 </td> <td>Burned in Dorche.<a href="#cite_note-:9-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1344 </td> <td>Burned at Dorche, Savoy.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1372 </td> <td>Burned at <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johannes Rorer </td> <td>1400 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> bathhouse owner; his partner, carpenter Heinzmann Hiltebrant, fled the city.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isaach Salamó </td> <td>1403 </td> <td>Jew, burned in <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eighteen unknowns </td> <td>24 December 1474 </td> <td>Lombard soldiers, executed in <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gilles de Nevers </td> <td>1457 </td> <td>"Host of the golden head", burned in <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jerome </td> <td rowspan="2">1506 </td> <td rowspan="2">A bottlemaker and Jerome, burned in Strasbourg.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean Moret </td> <td>13 December 1519 </td> <td>Burned alive in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, sentenced by city bailiff.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:47-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1535 </td> <td>A woman from <a href="/wiki/Fontaines,_Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Fontaines, Saône-et-Loire">Fontaines</a> who dressed as a man and married a maid of Foy; burned, case reported by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Estienne" title="Henri Estienne">Henri Estienne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Phinot" title="Dominique Phinot">Dominique Phinot</a></td> <td>1556</td> <td>Composer of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a>, executed in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1557 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prothonotary" title="Prothonotary">Pronotary</a> of Montault, sentenced to be burned.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:47-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marie </td> <td>1580 </td> <td>Female weaver in <a href="/wiki/Montier-en-Der" title="Montier-en-Der">Montier-en-Der</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Chaumont-en-Bassigny" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaumont-en-Bassigny">Chaumont</a>; dressed as a man, married another woman, and used "illicit devices"; hanged.<a href="#cite_note-:17-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicolas Dadon </td> <td>1 February 1584 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, from Nulli Saint-Front, hanged and burned (along with his trial) for sodomy in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:47-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>April 1584 </td> <td>Italian, burned alive in front of the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richard Renvoisy </td> <td>6 March 1586 </td> <td>Canon of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle du Roi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> and "master of children", wrote Quelques odes d'Anacreon mises en musique in 1559. His "too free association with his young students made him fall into a crime", and he was subsequently burned.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ruffin "Defrozieres" Fortias<a href="#cite_note-19">[a]</a> </td> <td>22 December 1598 </td> <td>Hanged and body burned in <a href="/wiki/Issoudun" title="Issoudun">Issoudun</a>. Sentenced by bailiwick on 28 November.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:47-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean-Imbert Brunet </td> <td>4 May 1601 </td> <td>Local priest of <a href="/wiki/Ollioules" title="Ollioules">Ollioules</a>, burned by the Parliament of Provence.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>7 March 1654 </td> <td>Italian priest accused of sodomy, one of three tortured prisoners. He, "having confessed by all rigorosity (<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>) of his pains, was condemned to be first hanged, and afterwards burnt - a sentence carried out the next day" in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-:41-21">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacques Chausson </td> <td>1661 </td> <td>attempted rape of a young <a href="/wiki/Nobleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobleman">nobleman</a>, Octave des Valons. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antoine Mazouer </td> <td rowspan="2">1666 </td> <td rowspan="2">Burned in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emery Ange Dugaton </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antoine Bouquet </td> <td>26 August 1671 </td> <td>Sentenced to burn alive.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:47-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>31 March 1677 </td> <td>60-year-old, burned in the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quai_de_March%C3%A9-Neuf-Maurice-Grimaud" class="extiw" title="fr:Quai de Marché-Neuf-Maurice-Grimaud">Marché-Neuf</a> in Paris. Sentenced earlier that day.<a href="#cite_note-:46-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippe Basse </td> <td rowspan="2">1720 </td> <td rowspan="2">Burned in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, also convicted of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernard Mocmanesse </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etienne-Benjamin_Deschauffours" title="Etienne-Benjamin Deschauffours">Benjamin Deschauffours</a> </td> <td>1726 </td> <td>Procurer, burned on <a href="/wiki/Place_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel-de-Ville_%E2%80%93_Esplanade_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération">Place de Grève</a> in Paris. Accused of killing a kidnapped boy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1745 </td> <td>Former associates of the bandit Raffiat, who was <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel" title="Breaking wheel">broken on the wheel</a> in 1742. They were pierced in their tongues, hanged and burned; they were also charged with blasphemy.<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Diot_and_Bruno_Lenoir" title="Jean Diot and Bruno Lenoir">Jean Diot</a></td> <td rowspan="2">6 July 1750</td> <td rowspan="2">The last two to be executed for sodomy in France </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Diot_and_Bruno_Lenoir" title="Jean Diot and Bruno Lenoir">Bruno Lenoir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1757 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">Parish</a> priest of <a href="/wiki/Ludres" title="Ludres">Ludres</a>, condemned to be burned by the sovereign court of <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>; made an edifying speech to his parishioners speech before he was executed, and organized pilgrimages were made to the execution site afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Heinrich Schreiber </td> <td>1378 </td> <td>Convicted by a <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> civil court, probably executed.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Br. Hans Storzl </td> <td rowspan="3">1381 </td> <td rowspan="3">Two <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Beguines_and_Beghards" title="Beguines and Beghards">Beghards</a>, and a peasant, burned in Augsburg for "having committed heresy with one another."<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Br. Eberhard of St. Lienhart </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three unknowns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ulrich Frey </td> <td rowspan="4">1408<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> or 1409 </td> <td rowspan="4">From Augsburg; one burned, other 4 (all <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">ecclesiastics</a>) bound hand and foot in a wooden cage to starve.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Kyss </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ulrich </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1418 </td> <td>Clerics, convicted to burn in <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a>; probably executed.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Br. Conradt </td> <td rowspan="2">1464 </td> <td rowspan="2">Burned in Konstanz.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ulrich Vischer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georg Semler </td> <td rowspan="4">1471 </td> <td rowspan="4">Decapitated in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fritz Rottel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefan Karl </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andre Vetter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Katherina_Hetzeldorfer" title="Katherina Hetzeldorfer">Katherina Hetzeldorfer</a></td> <td>1477</td> <td>German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a <a href="/wiki/Dildo" title="Dildo">dildo</a> on two female partners. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cristan Schriber </td> <td>1488 </td> <td>Burned in Konstanz.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Miller </td> <td rowspan="3">1532 </td> <td rowspan="3">Decapitated in Augsburg.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> Wagner was caught giving Will a jacket and a rapier "as an outward sign of their connection."<a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernhard/Berlin Wagner </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michel Will </td></tr> <tr> <td>Franz von Alsten </td> <td>1536 or 1537 </td> <td>Decapitated in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Munster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christopher Mayer </td> <td rowspan="2">13 August 1594 </td> <td rowspan="2">Mayer, a weaver of <a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">fustian</a>, and Weber, a <a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">fruiterer</a>, both citizens of <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, committed sodomy together for 3 years until they were spotted in the act behind a <a href="/wiki/Hedge" title="Hedge">hedge</a> by a hook-maker's apprentice. Weber had also committed sodomy with Endressen, a cook, an Alexander, and others over the past 20 years. Mayer was beheaded, and his body was burnt with Weber as he was burned alive.<a href="#cite_note-:30-28">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Weber </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Wolff Marti </td> <td>11 March 1596 </td> <td>Marti, a <a href="/wiki/Tradesperson" title="Tradesperson">tradesman</a>, citizen of <a href="/wiki/Wehr,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Wehr, Baden-Württemberg">Wehr</a>, had committed sodomy in various places and times, including first with a <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">bargeman</a> at Ibss, with another partner at <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4unlingen" title="Bräunlingen">Brauningen</a>, and with a peasant at <a href="/wiki/Miltenberg" title="Miltenberg">Miltenburck</a>. Beheaded with the sword "as a favour" before his body was burned.<a href="#cite_note-:30-28">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ludwig le Gros </td> <td rowspan="2">15 June 1704 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> soldiers, beheaded in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> after confessing to having sexual relations with each other under <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>'s code of 1532 which criminalized sodomy.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-:48-32">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin Schultze </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Margaretha_Linck" title="Catharina Margaretha Linck">Catharina Margaretha Linck</a></td> <td>1721</td> <td>Prussian cross-dressing lesbian executed for sodomy in <a href="/wiki/Halberstadt" title="Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a>; her execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ephraim Ostermann </td> <td>31 January 1729 </td> <td>Baker, age 30. Arrested for two sexual acts with his apprentice, Martin Köhler, who allegedly died of "unnatural loss of semen". Admitted under torture to similar acts on 20 other men. Beheaded in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> under the court of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William I of Prussia">Friedrich Wilhelm I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:48-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-:49-33">[32]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> After the <a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Nazi takeover in 1933</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">persecution of homosexuals in Germany</a> became a priority of the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Police_state" title="Police state">police state</a>. Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals; ten thousands of which were sentenced by courts. Most of these men served time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 6,000 were imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a>. The death rate of these prisoners has been estimated at 60 percent, a higher rate than those of other prisoner groups. A smaller number of men were sentenced to death or killed at Nazi euthanasia centres. After the war, homosexuals were initially not counted as victims of Nazism because homosexuality continued to be illegal in Nazi Germany's <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">successor states</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Atherton" title="John Atherton">John Atherton</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1640 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Waterford_and_Lismore" title="Bishop of Waterford and Lismore">Bishop of Waterford and Lismore</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> proctor, hanged in <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>. They were convicted under a law Atherton had voiced support for. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Childe </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Niger de Pulis </td> <td>1287 </td> <td>Burned in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adenolfo IV </td> <td>13 July 1293 </td> <td>Count of <a href="/wiki/Acerra" title="Acerra">Acerra</a>, impaled in <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" title="Charles II of Naples">Charles II of Anjou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agostino di Ercole </td> <td>1348 </td> <td>Likely executed in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. He did not believe his crime was serious and felt that if he was worthy of death, "then many others were to be considered worthy of death".<a href="#cite_note-:24-37">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pietro di <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> </td> <td>20 February 1349 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">Servant</a>, burned in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. Tried and convicted by the <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_the_Night_(Venice)" title="Lords of the Night (Venice)">Lords of the Night</a> along with fellow servant Giacomello di <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> on December 29, 1348, who was only banished as he did not confess.<a href="#cite_note-:25-38">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rolandina Roncaglia </td> <td>20 March 1354 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> female prostitute, burned in Venice. Originally from <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, prior to presenting as female she was sometimes mistaken for a woman because of her feminine mannerisms. Initially married to a woman, but later had sex with a man and began presenting as female before moving to Venice. Sold <a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">eggs</a> by day and sexual favors by night; most clients did not know of Roncaglia's sex, but per her account no one in Venice objected to her transitioning. Worked for 7 years before she was reported by a client and arrested.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicoleto Marmagna </td> <td rowspan="2">3 October 1357 </td> <td rowspan="2">Venetian boatman and his servant, burned by the Lords of Night. Marmagna was married to Braganza's sister.<a href="#cite_note-:25-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Braganza </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_di_Giovanni" title="Giovanni di Giovanni">Giovanni di Giovanni</a></td> <td>7 May 1365</td> <td>15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite".<a href="#cite_note-:24-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-litandhomo-42">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanni di Firenze </td> <td>27 July 1401 </td> <td>Likely burned in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:26-43">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nani Silvestri </td> <td>20 December 1401 </td> <td>Merchant, likely burned in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:26-43">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domenico da Fermo </td> <td>3 January 1402 </td> <td>Barber, burned in Venice. Resisted interrogative torture, refusing to and retracting any given confessions.<a href="#cite_note-:26-43">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clario Contarini </td> <td rowspan="2">1407 </td> <td rowspan="2">A group of young nobles and clerics, burned in Venice. From a group of 35, including 14 nobles, tried by the Council of Ten; scandal ensued due to the backgrounds of the accused.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fifteen or sixteen unknowns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domenico di Giovanni </td> <td>29 July 1420 </td> <td>Decapitated in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alvisio </td> <td>1421 </td> <td>Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:28-46">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Guglielimi </td> <td rowspan="2">1422 </td> <td rowspan="2">Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna. Guglielmi's house in Valdonica was also burned and his heirs' property was confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-:28-46">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefano da Prato </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Mancini </td> <td rowspan="2">1 December 1423 </td> <td rowspan="2">Sicilian university law professor and his servant, beheaded in Piazza del Comune, Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Micileto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio d'Ugolino </td> <td>9 May 1443 </td> <td>From S. Michele di Mugello, hanged and burned in Florence. Buried in the temple.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simon Barbiere Bizzello </td> <td>28 May 1443 or 20 May 1444 </td> <td>Decapitated in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:29-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mafeo Barbaro </td> <td rowspan="2">1464 </td> <td rowspan="2">Beheaded and burned in Venice. Their younger (puer) companions, Giovanni Basadona and Giovanni Filippo Priuli, were both exiled for 8 years.<a href="#cite_note-:25-38">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ermolao Foscari </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio di Giovanni Pucca </td> <td>17 April 1469 </td> <td>Beccamorto, decapitated in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Padano d'Otranto </td> <td rowspan="2">1474 </td> <td rowspan="2">Beheaded and burned together in <a href="/wiki/Piazza_San_Marco" title="Piazza San Marco">Piazza San Marco</a>, Venice, by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ten" title="Council of Ten">Council of Ten</a>. Two from a group of six tried by the Council, and the only ones executed due to their active status; the others received lesser punishments.<a href="#cite_note-:25-38">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marino Alegeti </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marco Baffo </td> <td rowspan="2">11 September 1476 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged in Venice by the Council of Ten. Baffo was married to the daughter of Piramo da <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Veglia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Toniuti </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Cercato </td> <td>1480 </td> <td>Hanged between the columns of a square in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:14-50">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marco Baffo </td> <td>1485 </td> <td>Hanged in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1490s </td> <td>17-year-old hanged in Ferrara.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geronimo </td> <td>15 March 1504 </td> <td>Burned in the public square of Vastato, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni di Piero Masini </td> <td>25 August 1514 </td> <td>Baker's boy, hanged and burned in the courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/Bargello" title="Bargello">Bargello</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:29-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1540 </td> <td>Executed in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1541 </td> <td>Executed in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Fabrizio </td> <td>1545 </td> <td>Priest of <a href="/wiki/San_Zulian" title="San Zulian">San Giuliano</a> and poet, decapitated and burned by the Council of Ten.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-50">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1547 </td> <td>Executed (one hanged and burned, the other quartered) in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1549 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Bonfadio" title="Jacopo Bonfadio">Jacopo Bonfadio</a></td> <td>19 July 1550</td> <td>Humanist and historian, beheaded and burnt in Genoa.<a href="#cite_note-bon.it-56">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Calcagno" title="Francesco Calcagno">Francesco Calcagno</a> </td> <td>23 December 1550</td> <td>Franciscan friar (<a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state" title="Loss of clerical state">laicized</a> and expelled), executed in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-Tucker_1997-57">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio di Giovanni Bandoni </td> <td>24 October 1551 </td> <td>Hanged and burned (or quartered) in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:29-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-:39-58">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grazia di <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Negroponte</a> </td> <td>15 June 1553 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> footman; strangled and burned in Pratello, Florence. Converted to Christianity nine months prior. Buried in the temple.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Messer Rinieri </td> <td>25 September 1556 </td> <td>56-year-old cathedral <a href="/wiki/Canon_(title)" title="Canon (title)">canon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">man of letters</a> from the Franchi family, hanged and burned in Perugia by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a> for "having repeatedly scaled the walls of the seminary of said Perugia, on behalf of sodomy."<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabriele Thomaein </td> <td>17 February 1559 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> from <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, burned in Rome with 3 heretics.<a href="#cite_note-:15-60">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baptistam Bariliarum </td> <td>11 October 1561 </td> <td>Decapitated on a high platform between two columns and burned in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:32-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paseto Portador </td> <td>12 December 1562 </td> <td>Decapitated on a high platform between two columns in Piazza di San Marco, Venice, and burned. Also convicted of homicide.<a href="#cite_note-:32-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicola da Germinà </td> <td>12 July 1565 </td> <td>Burned in Bargello, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:35-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ambrogio di Croce </td> <td>8 April 1566 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>July 1566 </td> <td>Young man burned on a bridge in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-Mutinelli_1855-64">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe D'Angelo </td> <td>18 December 1566 </td> <td>From Monte di Trapani (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>), hanged and burned in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cornelio Mantovani </td> <td>1567 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">Policeman</a>, burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cosimo la Mirabella </td> <td rowspan="2">13 June 1567 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Santoni Giuliano </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernardino di Marsala </td> <td>8 October 1567 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nico </td> <td>2 December 1567 </td> <td>Becher, beheaded and burned between the two columns of San Zulian, Venice; convicted of sodomy "among other faults", which we were read alound from a platform over the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Venice)" title="Grand Canal (Venice)">Grand Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:32-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sebastiano Vita </td> <td>20 February 1568 </td> <td>Executed and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>21 August 1568 </td> <td>Young man burned in Rome; many "false doors" were ordered closed that night.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Valerio </td> <td>1570 </td> <td>Hanged in Bologna. Surname not reported.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luigi Fontino </td> <td>March 1570 </td> <td>Musician and canon of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_della_Santa_Casa" title="Basilica della Santa Casa">Basilica of Nostra Signora di Loreto</a>, laicizied and beheaded in <a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Marche" title="Loreto, Marche">Loreto</a> for relations with a student of his, 16-year-old Luigi Dalla Balla. Giovanni Leonardo Primavera, another lover of Dalla Balla, escaped persecution in 1585.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cosimo la Piccola </td> <td>23 June 1570 </td> <td>Strangled and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco la Motta </td> <td rowspan="2">7 May 1573 </td> <td rowspan="2">Strangled and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simone Micara </td></tr> <tr> <td>Melchiorre di Trapani </td> <td>24 November 1574 </td> <td>Strangled and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>25 June 1576 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Battista </td> <td rowspan="8">August 1578 </td> <td rowspan="8">From a group of eleven, mostly Portuguese and Spanish, who were arrested in a church near <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">San Giovanni Laterano</a> for organizing <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> ceremonies, burned in Rome: <ul><li>Battista, an <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> boatman.</li> <li>Vélez, a <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalan</a>.</li> <li>Herrera, from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>.</li> <li>Alfar, from <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>.</li> <li>Robles, from <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.</li> <li>Pinto, from <a href="/wiki/Viana_do_Alentejo" title="Viana do Alentejo">Viana do Alentejo</a>.</li> <li>Paz, from Toledo.</li> <li>Martín, from <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria</a>.</li></ul> <a href="#cite_note-Mutinelli_1855-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio de Vélez </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francisco Hererra </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernardino de Alfar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alfonso de Robles </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marcos Pinto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jerómino de Paz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaspar de Martín </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luciano lo Terrosi </td> <td>19 November 1578 </td> <td>Strangled and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni di Bella </td> <td>4 December 1578 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Benanti </td> <td>15 May 1579 </td> <td>Strangled in Palermo; also executed was Giacopo di Giacopo, who made <a href="/wiki/False_accusation" title="False accusation">false allegations</a> against Giuseppe de Marino in another sodomy trial.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D. Carlo Barone </td> <td rowspan="4">3 August 1579 </td> <td rowspan="4">Executed (Barone unknown, Bevaceto beheaded, Russitano and Scolaro strangled) and burned in Palermo. The father of D. Pietro Vinacito paid the court 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Italian_scudo" title="Italian scudo">scudi</a> to spare the men, but the executions were still carried out.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don Paolo Bevaceto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giacomo Russitano </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Scolaro </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prospero Magri </td> <td>11 April 1580 </td> <td>Strangled in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Bentivoglio </td> <td rowspan="2">29 July 1580 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fabrizio Lisci </td></tr> <tr> <td>Matteo Paladino </td> <td>25 August 1581 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigandage" title="Brigandage">Brigand</a>, strangled and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geronimo Galesi </td> <td rowspan="2">19 November 1582 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pietro d'Olieri </td></tr> <tr> <td>Innocenzo Bonamico </td> <td rowspan="2">2 May 1583 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muscato </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonino Polito </td> <td>18 May 1583 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo. Also convicted of country theft.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lazzarino Almirotto </td> <td>14 January 1584 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Borgognone </td> <td>29 November 1584 </td> <td>Executioner, burned outside of <a href="/wiki/Porta_Ticinese" title="Porta Ticinese">Porta Ticinese</a>, Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:35-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Serio </td> <td>29 May 1585 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two young beardless men.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo Malatesta </td> <td>25 June 1585 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leonardo d'Amadeo </td> <td>2 December 1585 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>9 May 1586 </td> <td>20-year-old pedant (<a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teacher</a>) from Ponticelo, hanged in the Archi and burned in Genoa; tried along with another teacher who was also sentenced to death but it is unknown if he too was executed.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G. Battista Inbrunetta </td> <td>26 April 1586 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>June 1586 </td> <td>Priest and boy, both burned in Rome even though they had both voluntarily confessed.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrea li Sarti </td> <td>17 June 1586 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scipione di Nicolò </td> <td>11 July 1586 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two clean-shaven young men.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aurelio Ciafaglione </td> <td>23 December 1586 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with a young beardless man.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Girolamo Incudina </td> <td>2 January 1587 </td> <td>Body quartered and displayed in the streets of Palermo. Also convicted of theft and murder.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Carlini </td> <td>1588 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Bologna. Also convicted of theft and heresy.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Magliocco </td> <td>7 January 1588 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don Vincenzo Alteato </td> <td>14 November 1589 </td> <td>Burned outside Porta Ticinese, Milan; buried in <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Conca,_Milan" title="San Giovanni in Conca, Milan">S. Giovanni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:35-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Mazzone </td> <td>1 February 1590 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernardino di Camillo </td> <td rowspan="2">1592 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged together in Ponte, Rome, after being led through the city.<a href="#cite_note-:15-60">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muzio di Senso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ottaviano Bargellini </td> <td rowspan="2">1593 </td> <td rowspan="2">A member of a <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_d%27Accursio#Art_and_architecture" title="Palazzo d'Accursio">senatorial</a> family (Bargellini) and a Jew (Orsini), beheaded together in Bologna. Orsini converted to Christianity before the execution as Paolo and his body was displayed in <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Maggiore" title="Piazza Maggiore">Piazza Maggiore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allegro Orsini </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio d'Assena </td> <td>24 March 1593 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>23 May 1593 </td> <td>Likely hanged and burned after a long trial in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andria Badulato </td> <td>24 November 1593 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ioanni Costa </td> <td>1 June 1594 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leonardo Cortese </td> <td>30 August 1594 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mariano Pignataro </td> <td>22 April 1598 </td> <td>Choked and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mario di Croce </td> <td>18 January 1599 </td> <td>Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gio. Batta Aricardi </td> <td>3 April 1599 </td> <td>Weaver, partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paolo Ferrare </td> <td>27 July 1599 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ausebio Bonhomo </td> <td>13 August 1599 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, hanged and burned in Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alessandro Cabiate </td> <td>14 August 1599 </td> <td>Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petro "Haro" Curchio </td> <td>22 March 1601 </td> <td>Choked on a stake and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domenico Galletti </td> <td>12 September 1601 </td> <td>Strangled and burned on Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Cappadona </td> <td>28 September 1601 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mustafà Giorgio </td> <td rowspan="2">4 June 1602 </td> <td rowspan="2">Turkish slave of the Duchess of <a href="/wiki/Maqueda" title="Maqueda">Maqueda</a> and a Spanish soldier in the company of D. Ernando di Gusman, hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petro Scudero </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco La Barbara </td> <td>12 June 1602 </td> <td>Strangled and burned on Piano della Marina, Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartolo di Bernabeo Aquilanti </td> <td>27 August 1602 </td> <td>Hanged for "<a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">pimping</a> sodomy" in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:29-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minico la Sola </td> <td>20 June 1603 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Partanna" title="Partanna">Partanna</a>, hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paulu Simonetto </td> <td>19 April 1606 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Maria Bonfiglioli </td> <td>1607 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Garsè </td> <td>21 February 1607 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sebastiano/Vespasiano Spalletta </td> <td>26 March 1607 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe di Tommaso </td> <td rowspan="2">27 November 1607 </td> <td rowspan="2">From <a href="/wiki/Castello_a_Mare" title="Castello a Mare">Castello a Mare</a> (Longbardi), hanged and burned together in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Longobardi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rocco Febo </td> <td>15 March 1608 </td> <td>City executioner, hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo "Bella di Sciacca" d'Amico </td> <td>17 June 1608 </td> <td>Habitual sodomite, hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Carcano </td> <td>22 September 1609 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1610 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni di Bernardo Pieri </td> <td>4 July 1610 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo "Scannaserpi" d'Abbene </td> <td rowspan="2">1 December 1610 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged in Palermo. Also convicted of "field theft".<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leonardo Rocco </td></tr> <tr> <td>Melchiore "Franzosino" da Verè </td> <td>15 February 1611 </td> <td>Burned in Milan, buried in S. Giovanni.<a href="#cite_note-:35-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Batta d'Antonio </td> <td>15 July 1611 </td> <td>Cloth weaver, strangled on a stake and burned in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Colomba </td> <td rowspan="2">3 March 1612 </td> <td rowspan="2">From <a href="/wiki/Termini_Imerese" title="Termini Imerese">Termini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castronovo_di_Sicilia" title="Castronovo di Sicilia">Castronovo</a> respectively, hanged and burned together in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paolo Simonetta </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco "Picalupo" Lo Re </td> <td>11 July 1612 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paolo Zani </td> <td>1613 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vito Anello </td> <td>16 July 1613 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caviaro </td> <td>1613 or 1615 </td> <td>Executioner of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, hanged. He mocked the exhortations of clergy at the execution.<a href="#cite_note-:42-72">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giacomo Biavati </td> <td>1614 </td> <td>Porter, hanged and burned in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orlando Crispo </td> <td>17 February 1614 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartolomeo di Giovanni Carletti </td> <td>30 October 1614 </td> <td>Musician, hanged and burned in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gio. Batta Rovida </td> <td>24 December 1614 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avril or Avrile </td> <td>1615 </td> <td>Young <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provençal</a>, burned in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>. His lover, <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Marino" title="Giambattista Marino">Giovan Battista Marino</a>, fled to France.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domenico "Meneghino" Facchino </td> <td>2 March 1615 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maurizio "Prè Strazzone" Lana </td> <td>10 October 1615 </td> <td>Son of Madonna Benedetta, burned in La Vetra, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.<a href="#cite_note-:35-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Crotto </td> <td>14 January 1616 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a>, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanne Corvo </td> <td>5 May 1617 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paolo "Pizo" Marino </td> <td>7 June 1618 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cola Ioanni Cassisi </td> <td>12 April 1619 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giulio di Giovanni Sorbi </td> <td>9 July 1621 </td> <td>Formerly of Guardia de' Lioni, strangled on a stake and burned in the middle of Pratello, Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Incardona </td> <td>10 December 1622 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco lo Guzzo </td> <td>7 December 1623 </td> <td>Hanged on Piano della Marina, Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco "Cappellitto" Garagazzo </td> <td rowspan="2">19 December 1623 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petro Costa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Piero di Marsilio di Marradi </td> <td rowspan="2">17 July 1627<a href="#cite_note-74">[b]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">34 or 40 and 43, hanged and burned in Florence. Sources are conflicting on details.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:39-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angiolo di Ottavio Cappelli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Angelo Maggio </td> <td>19 August 1627 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio d'Aprile </td> <td>3 August 1628 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soliman Moro </td> <td>26 August 1628 </td> <td>Turkish slave, hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pietro "D. Ramundo" l'Indovino </td> <td>14 May 1631 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Rotundo </td> <td>17 April 1632 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo "Muratore" Dammacanale </td> <td>12 October 1633 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco Turturici </td> <td>20 June 1634 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lorenzo Bivona </td> <td>7 August 1634 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filippo Bonanno Xacca/Sciacca </td> <td>17 July 1638 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo under the Grande Almirante.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blasi Canizzo </td> <td>5 November 1640 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Licodia_Eubea" title="Licodia Eubea">Licodia</a>, hanged and burned in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo Oddo </td> <td>3 November 1646 </td> <td>Hanged in Palermo.<a href="#cite_note-:3-65">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicolò Morello </td> <td>22 July 1655 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Ascoli_Piceno" title="Ascoli Piceno">Ascoli</a>, hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco di Vincenzo </td> <td>22 August 1660 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, carried on a cart on a donkey and then beheaded in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:29-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernardino Restello </td> <td>6 February 1662 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Colombo </td> <td>20 December 1664 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-:33-63">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Lopez </td> <td>1668 </td> <td>Hanged in Naples with Nicola Fanfano. At his execution he admitted that his implication of Fanfano was made under torture, but Fanfano was still hanged.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alessandro Borromeo </td> <td>3 June 1668 </td> <td>20-year-old Paduan noble, son of Girolamo Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten. Described as "scandalous" and "without <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Christian law</a>" for seducing his friends.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paolo Cricetti </td> <td>10 December 1668 </td> <td>19-year-old friend of Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1686 </td> <td>Hanged in Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giacomo "il Marangone" Redaello </td> <td>22 April 1692 </td> <td>Tortured, strangled with a noose and burned in Milan; also convicted of other crimes. His accomplices were also tortured.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>29 March 1710 </td> <td>Hanged and beheaded in Milan. Voluntarily confessed to having passive and continued relations with his master, along with "treasonous homicide" and robbery; head displayed at Boschi di Longhignana.<a href="#cite_note-:43-78">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Fontana </td> <td>15 September 1724 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, beheaded and burned in Venice. Also convicted of <a href="/wiki/Sacrilege" title="Sacrilege">sacrilegious</a> theft.<a href="#cite_note-:44-79">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pellegrino Torri </td> <td>1727 </td> <td>Hanged in Bologna; his eyes and nose were also cut off to render his body unrecognizable.<a href="#cite_note-:31-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincenzo Pelliciari </td> <td>20 July 1727 </td> <td>Hanged in Modena. Publicly boasted that he had married <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">the devil</a> and had regular relations with him, along with other heresies and blasphemies; tried by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Inquisition</a> and executed by the secular wing.<a href="#cite_note-:42-72">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Antonio Cremis </td> <td>28 May 1736 </td> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Felizzano" title="Felizzano">Felizzano</a>, hanged and burnt in <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>. His accomplice, 15-year-old Giovanni Stefano Barnaba Mordea of <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, is sentenced to row oars in the royal fleet for 5 years.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>12 September 1736 </td> <td>28-year-old barber of the boat in S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, hanged on the <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant'Angelo">bridge of Sant'Angelo</a>, Rome.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe del già Domenico Rossi </td> <td>21 October 1747 </td> <td>Hanged and burned in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-:27-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernardo Gabrieli </td> <td>15 May 1748 </td> <td>Cleric, decapitated on a platform between the two columns of St. Mark's, Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:32-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrea Brazzoi/Brasola </td> <td>1749 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantuan</a>, beheaded and burned in Venice.<a href="#cite_note-:44-79">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio Lambranzi </td> <td>31 August 1752 </td> <td>30-year-old becher from <a href="/wiki/Cannaregio" title="Cannaregio">Cannaregio</a>, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten for "sodomy having used many iniquities".<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartolomeo Luisetti </td> <td>10 April 1764 </td> <td>Son of quondam Antonio of <a href="/wiki/Albavilla" title="Albavilla">Villa Albese</a>, suffocated and burned in the square of del Brolo, Milan, in front of S. Stefano. <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Pietro Verri</a> reported on the case, claiming Lusietti was a <a href="/wiki/Pederasty" title="Pederasty">pederast</a> but that he "had never committed a misdeed in his life".<a href="#cite_note-:43-78">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1771 </td> <td>Monk burned in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Malta">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>March 1616 </td> <td>Spanish soldier (or sailor<a href="#cite_note-:49-33">[32]</a>) and a local <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a> bardasso (teenage prostitute<a href="#cite_note-:49-33">[32]</a>), both burned; execution described by the Scottish traveller <a href="/wiki/William_Lithgow_(traveller_and_author)" title="William Lithgow (traveller and author)">William Lithgow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> More than 100 bardassoes fled to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley</a> the following night.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gooswyn de Wilde </td> <td>1447<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Holland_and_West_Friesland" title="States of Holland and West Friesland">States of Holland</a>, beheaded.<a href="#cite_note-:12-85">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1463 </td> <td>Likely burned by the <a href="/wiki/Hof_van_Holland" title="Hof van Holland">Court of Holland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1605 </td> <td>Burned in <a href="/wiki/Middelburg,_Zeeland" title="Middelburg, Zeeland">Middelburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ingel Harmensz </td> <td rowspan="2">1643 </td> <td rowspan="2">A young Dutch sailor and a <a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a>, executed (Harmensz drowned, de Sal burned) in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">VOC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-:45-88">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bento de Sal </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan van Cleef </td> <td rowspan="3">1644 </td> <td rowspan="3">A soldier, a Batavia burgher, and a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a> member, strangled and burned at the orders of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Diemen" title="Anthony van Diemen">Anthony van Diemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pieter Egbertsz </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joost_Schouten" title="Joost Schouten">Joost Schouten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gerrit Jansz de Wit </td> <td>1645 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">Boatswain</a>, drowned in a bag in Batavia, former partner of Joost Schouten.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four unknowns </td> <td>1646 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, burned in Batavia, also convicted of counterfeiting money.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>A ship's captain and a young boy, executed (the captain burnt and the boy drowned) in Batavia.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Five unknowns </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>Chinese, executed (two burned, two strangled and burned, and one drowned) in <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a>, also convicted of <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">counterfeiting money</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four unknowns </td> <td>1648 </td> <td>Chinese, presumed burned in Malacca.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Six unknowns </td> <td>1652 </td> <td>A 40-year-old <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Dane</a> and five "black" boys, executed (the Dane burnt, and the boys drowned) in Batavia.<a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1676 </td> <td>Executed in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, one of three defendants (including a <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">burgomaster</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1686 </td> <td>Two men, likely drowned in a barrel in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1702 </td> <td>Two men, executed in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> for having relations in an almoner's house.<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1721 </td> <td>Executed in Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leendert_Hasenbosch" title="Leendert Hasenbosch">Leendert Hasenbosch</a> </td> <td>1725 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adriaen Spoor </td> <td rowspan="2">2 December 1727 </td> <td rowspan="2">Dutch sailors from St. Maertensdyck and <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, aged 23 and 18 respectively, on the <a href="/wiki/Zeewijk_(1725)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeewijk (1725)">Zeewijk</a> which wrecked on the <a href="/wiki/Houtman_Abrolhos" title="Houtman Abrolhos">Houtman Abrolhos</a> on 9 June. While on the islands, they were caught in "the abominable and god-forsaken deeds of Sodom and Gomorrah." They were subsequently marooned on separate rocky islands nearby.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pieter Engels </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>13 May 1728 </td> <td>Two slaves, drowned together on the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>; names not recorded.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Backer </td> <td rowspan="7">12 June 1730 </td> <td rowspan="2">hanged and burned in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">the Hague</a>. Backer was a house servant hiring middleman.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Schut </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frans Verheyden </td> <td rowspan="5">Occupation unknown, milkman, coat embroiderer, occupation unknown, and servant, hanged and thrown into the sea at <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a> with 50-pound weights.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cornelius Wassermaar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pieter Styn </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dirk van Royen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Herman Mouillant </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pieter Marteyn Janes Sohn </td> <td rowspan="4">24 June 1730 </td> <td rowspan="2">Strangled and burned in Amsterdam. Keep was a decorator.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johannes Keep </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maurits van Eeden </td> <td rowspan="2">House servant and Johannes Keep's servant, age 18, drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cornelius Boes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Westhoff </td> <td rowspan="2">29 June 1730 </td> <td rowspan="2">Soldiers, strangled and buried under the gallows in <a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Steven Klok </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leendert de Haas </td> <td rowspan="3">17 July 1730 </td> <td rowspan="3">60-year-old candlemaker, distiller, and a gentleman's servant, strangled and burnt in Rotterdam, and their ashes dumped from a boat at sea.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Casper Schroder </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huibert van Borselen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pieter van der Hal </td> <td rowspan="5">21 July 1730 </td> <td rowspan="4">Grain carrier, glove launderer, agent, and tavern keeper; hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 100-pound weights.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adriaen Kuyleman </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Munstlager </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willem la Feber </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonie Byweegen </td> <td>Fishmonger, hanged and burned to ashes in the Hague.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laurens Hospinjon </td> <td>16 September 1730 </td> <td>Chief of detectives in the Navy, strangled and thrown in water with a 100-pound weight in Amsterdam.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cornelis Palamedes </td> <td>19 October 1730 </td> <td>Teacher, age 56, half strangled and burnt to ash in <a href="/wiki/Veen,_Netherlands" title="Veen, Netherlands">Veen</a> near <a href="/wiki/Heusden" title="Heusden">Heusden</a>; previously had relationship with Dirk van Royen (see 12 June 1730).<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>22 September 1731 </td> <td>A drummer and an orphan, beheaded in <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gerrit Loer </td> <td rowspan="20">24 September 1731 </td> <td rowspan="19">Executions in <a href="/wiki/Zuidhorn" title="Zuidhorn">Zuidhorn</a>: <ul><li>Loer, 48, farmer, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash; had committed sodomy with several persons, including on his way to and from church.</li> <li>Berents, 32, a Liplander, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash.</li> <li>Immes, 45, from Huifinga, strangled to death and burned.</li> <li>Jans, 40 or 41, from Aduwert, strangled to death and burned; no response.</li> <li>Hendrix, 40, from Nieuwkerk, strangled to death and burned; no response.</li> <li>Wygers, 45, from Doefem, strangled to death and burned; no response.</li> <li>Brakel, 37, strangled to death and burned; no response.</li> <li>Rol, 32 or 36,<a href="#cite_note-:19-95">[93]</a> from Esinga, strangled and burnt; swayed back and forth upon being sentenced and bowed to all present before leaving.</li> <li>Donderen, 30, strangled and burnt; cried out "Oh! Oh!" upon hearing sentence.</li> <li>Egberts, 19, strangled and burnt; corrected the judge when age was listed incorrectly in sentence, and bowed saying "It is all right, sir," before leaving.</li> <li>Peter Cornelisz, 20 or 21, strangled and burnt; appeared to be about to faint as sentence was read but sighed instead.</li> <li>Hendrik Cornelisz, 21, strangled and burnt; said "I forgive you and thank you gentlemen for the sentence which I shall receive."</li> <li>Leuwes, 19, strangled and burned; sighed and quickly left.</li> <li>Idses, 18, strangled and burnt; told the court "I forgive you for the sin you have committed against me."</li> <li>Jan Jansz, 18, strangled and burnt; no response.</li> <li>Cornelis Jansz, 18; told the court "You may see how you direct me."</li> <li>Harms, 16, strangled and burnt; no response.</li> <li>Tamme Jansz, 14, strangled and burnt; remained silent when sentenced.</li> <li>Iacobs, 16<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> or 18, from Nieuhooven, strangled and burnt; no response.</li></ul> <a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:19-95">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hendrick Berents </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asinga Immes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eysse Jans </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gosen Hendrix </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Wygers </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Harms Brakel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mindelt Jansz Rol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Jacobs den Donderen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Egberts </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Cornelisz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hendrik Cornelisz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hindrik Leuwes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Idses </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Jansz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cornelis Jansz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gerrit Harms </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tamme Jansz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Iacobs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan van der Lelie </td> <td>Hanged and thrown into the sea in the Hague.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class Blanc </td> <td rowspan="2">1735 </td> <td rowspan="2">Dutch, executed in Batavia. Jacobsz, a sailor, was formerly accused of sodomy in 1713.<a href="#cite_note-:45-88">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rijkaert Jacobsz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan Kemmer </td> <td>1765 </td> <td>Young man executed in Amsterdam. Claimed his first act took place when still in an orphanage and connected to known sodomite networks after an encounter in Amsterdam's town hall's citizens' hall. Named 15 other boys in his confession. Described as "particularly acquainted with the Truths (Biblical truths)."<a href="#cite_note-:36-86">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abraham Feijs </td> <td>1772 </td> <td>19-year-old tailor in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, declared in interrogation he had never slept with a woman and had committed sodomy "hundreds of times". Last execution in Leiden.<a href="#cite_note-:12-85">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jillis Bruggeman</td> <td>9 March 1803</td> <td>Last person executed for sodomy in Netherlands<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Marcin Gołek</td> <td rowspan="2">9 November 1633</td> <td rowspan="2">Master baker and his apprentice, burned in <a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a>. Both accused the other of initiating the relationship.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wojciech ze Sromotki </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1621 </td> <td>Effeminate dancers, burned alive in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. They were part of a group called Dança dos Fanchonos led by 30-year-old mulatto Antonio Rodrigues.<a href="#cite_note-perspectives-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Santos de Almeida </td> <td>1645 </td> <td>66-year-old royal chaplain, burned in Lisbon; said to have resided over a "conventicle of fanchonos".<a href="#cite_note-perspectives-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1647 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Christian" title="Old Christian">Old Christians</a>, burned for sodomy and religious visions in a Lisbon auto-da-fé.<a href="#cite_note-:23-99">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>3 April 1669 </td> <td>Old Christian priest, burned for sodomy in a Lisbon auto-da-fé with 79 <a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:23-99">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1671 </td> <td>Priest, executed by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> in Lisbon. Last person executed as a fanchono.<a href="#cite_note-perspectives-1">[1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1290 </td> <td>Moor, burned at <a href="/wiki/Arguedas,_Navarre" title="Arguedas, Navarre">Arguedas</a> "for lying with others".<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juce Abolfaça </td> <td rowspan="2">1345 </td> <td rowspan="2">Jews from <a href="/wiki/Puente_la_Reina,_Navarre" title="Puente la Reina, Navarre">Puente la Reina</a>, burned together at <a href="/wiki/Olite" title="Olite">Olite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simuel Nahamán </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pascoal de Rojas </td> <td>1346 </td> <td>Burned at <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> for "heresy with his body".<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1373 </td> <td>Servant, burned in Olite for relations with another servant.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antoni </td> <td>1395 </td> <td>Slave of Francesc Peres in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, burned.<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mahoma Mofari </td> <td rowspan="2">1458 </td> <td rowspan="2">Muslim potters in <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> sentenced to burn for mutual same-sex relations as well as heterosexual relations with Christian prostitutes. Mahoma converted to Christianity and adopted the name Pere Cirera before the execution, so he was drowned before being burned.<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Açen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margarida_Borr%C3%A0s" title="Margarida Borràs">Margarida Borràs</a></td> <td>1460</td> <td>Cross-dressing transgender woman. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joan de Llobera </td> <td rowspan="2">28 May 1464 </td> <td rowspan="2">Llobera, a councilor of Barcelona in 1463, and Polo, an "immoral hermit", were strangled and burnt in <a href="/wiki/La_Rambla,_Barcelona" title="La Rambla, Barcelona">La Rambla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartomeu Polo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaspar Rajadell </td> <td rowspan="2">21 July 1464 </td> <td rowspan="2">Rajadell and Sori, a scribe, were drowned in a wine bucket and then burnt in La Rambla.<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joan Sori </td></tr> <tr> <td>Five unknowns </td> <td>1476 </td> <td>Burned in Barcelona during a <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> attack.<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Six unknowns </td> <td>1495 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, seen hanged upside down by a German traveler in <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1495<a href="#cite_note-101">[c]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castilians" title="Castilians">Castilians</a>, seen hanged upside down in the same manner as the Italians by the same German traveler in Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1501–1600<a href="#cite_note-102">[d]</a> </td> <td>Two <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a> burned for using "material instruments", recorded by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_G%C3%B3mez_(jurist)" title="Antonio Gómez (jurist)">Antonio Gomez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Twelve unknowns </td> <td>1506 </td> <td>Dozen men, burned in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salomon Antón<a href="#cite_note-103">[e]</a> </td> <td>20 December 1519<a href="#cite_note-104">[f]</a> </td> <td>Sicilian <a href="/wiki/Master_(naval)" title="Master (naval)">master</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[g]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(ship)" title="Victoria (ship)">Victoria</a>, strangled and burned under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Santa Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. Caught in the act off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>. His partner, Genoese apprentice sailor António Varesa,<a href="#cite_note-106">[h]</a> drowned on 27 April 1520 when thrown overboard by his shipmates.<a href="#cite_note-107">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-:40-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-:34-108">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salvador Vidal </td> <td>1541 </td> <td>Rural priest, "relaxed" (handed over to be executed) to the secular arm by <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Saragossa</a> tribunal.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1546 </td> <td>Layman, burned in a Saragossa <a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">auto-da-fé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1551 </td> <td>Castilian soldier, executed in Saragossa awaiting a public auto-da-fé.<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four unknowns </td> <td>1558 </td> <td>A Castilian jurist/lawyer, 2 priests, and a <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> shepherd boy, all burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1566 </td> <td>A French interpreter who lived with the <a href="/wiki/Guale" title="Guale">Guale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garrote" title="Garrote">garroted</a> under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Elena_(Spanish_Florida)" title="Santa Elena (Spanish Florida)">Santa Elena</a>. Pedro's nephew and an ensign told him that he was "a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> and a great sodomite," so he lured the interpreter out by claiming he had presents to give to the <a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">cacique</a>. The cacique's oldest son, one of two natives living with the interpreter, cried upon hearing this and begged him "to return at once." The interpreter was killed in secrecy on arrival, and the Guale were told that he had disappeared.<a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three unknowns </td> <td>1572 </td> <td>Foreigners, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé with 9 <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a> peasants convicted of bestiality along with their animals.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1573 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarian</a> monks, executed in <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martín de Castro </td> <td>1574 </td> <td>Male prostitute, burned in Madrid; present at the trials of two high-ranking clients, Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borgia and the Count of <a href="/wiki/Ribagorza_(comarca)" title="Ribagorza (comarca)">Ribagorza</a>, in 1572.<a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miguel Salvador de Morales </td> <td rowspan="2">25 June 1574 </td> <td rowspan="2">Morales, a <a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarian</a> friar, and Tafolla had known each other since childhood, even sleeping in the same room. Tafolla had just returned from traveling in Italy and went to Morales's monastery in Valencia, where they were caught; both were burned.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baptista Tafolla </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juan Bautista Finocho </td> <td>July 1575 </td> <td>Mariner on the galleon San Tadeo, burned in the harbor of <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">La Havana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:34-108">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1579 </td> <td>Teenage boys, executed in Seville for "frolicking in bed together."<a href="#cite_note-:50-115">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1581 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neapolitan</a>, burned for a "habit of Italy" in Seville.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diego Maldonado </td> <td rowspan="4">1585 </td> <td rowspan="4">Sodomite group, burned together in Seville by secular authorities. Maldonado, a member of a "well-to-do family" from <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, was the group leader.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:34-108">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-:37-116">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salvador Martín </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alonso Sánchez </td></tr> <tr> <td>Five unknowns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muyuca or Machuco<a href="#cite_note-:50-115">[106]</a> </td> <td>1585 </td> <td>African, probably a freed slave, burned in Seville as a alcahuete (<a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">procurer</a>). Described as "very well known for the dealings he had with good-looking gentlemen."<a href="#cite_note-:50-115">[106]</a> He wore a <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)" title="Ruff (clothing)">ruff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Wig" title="Wig">wig</a> at his execution, likely as forced humiliation rather than by choice.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seven unknowns </td> <td>1587 </td> <td>7 adolescents under 21 years old, executed<a href="#cite_note-117">[j]</a> in Aragon (Saragossa).<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaspar Arrimen </td> <td rowspan="2">1588 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morisco" title="Morisco">Moriscos</a> in Valencia, both age 20; both burned.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pedro Alache </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1588 </td> <td>17-year-olds, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1588 </td> <td>French, burned in Seville.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Twelve unknowns </td> <td>1600 </td> <td>Dozen men, burned in Seville.<a href="#cite_note-:37-116">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gerónimo Ponce de Leon </td> <td rowspan="2">1603 </td> <td rowspan="2">Mulattoes, tried and executed by the Audencia de la <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de la Contratación</a> in Seville.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domingo López </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1604 </td> <td>Street vendor of <a href="/wiki/Triana,_Seville" title="Triana, Seville">Triana</a>, burned in Seville; described as "fat, deaf, and blind."<a href="#cite_note-119">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jose Estravagante </td> <td rowspan="2">1607 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> prisoners, 31 and 20, respectively; Teixidor had been convicted of sodomy and Estravagente of another crime. Fellow prisoners denounced they were having an affair and they were subsequently burned in Valencia by the Inquisition.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartolomeo Teixidor </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1616 </td> <td>Colored, burned in Seville. Names not recorded.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicolas Gonzales </td> <td rowspan="2">1625 </td> <td rowspan="2">20-year-old prostitute from <a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a> and those he implicated under questioning (including 7 slaves, such as a 40-year-old Turk), burned together in Valencia. He named over 60 men and boys when questioned. Gonzales admitted to not only prostituting himself, but also procuring others his age (usually to slaves).<a href="#cite_note-:50-115">[106]</a> 128 <a href="/wiki/Quintal" title="Quintal">quintals</a> of wood were needed to burn all 12 over a 7-hour period, "something never seen or heard of in Valencia".<a href="#cite_note-perspectives-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eleven unknowns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1626 </td> <td>Executed in Valencia outside of the inquisition palace "without making a noise".<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1640 </td> <td>Burned in Granada.<a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>Burned in a <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> auto-da-fé.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francisco </td> <td>1648 </td> <td>Portuguese mulatto, tried and executed by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación in Seville.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juan Chapinero </td> <td rowspan="2">1651 </td> <td rowspan="2">Two <a href="/wiki/Afro-Mexicans" title="Afro-Mexicans">blacks</a> (one free, the latter a slave), publicly <a href="/wiki/Garrote" title="Garrote">garroted</a> and their corpses burnt in Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicolás </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juan de la Cruz </td> <td>March 1670 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Indigenous</a> resident of La Lagunilla, publicly burned in the public market of San Juan, Mexico City on a Monday at 4:00 PM.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Five unknowns </td> <td>25 June 1671 </td> <td>Two mulattoes and three blacks, burned in San Lázaro, Mexico City; caught in the act at Juan de Ávila's mill in <a href="/wiki/Mixcoac" title="Mixcoac">Mixcoac</a>. The site of their execution is today the location of Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Archivo_General_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_(Mexico)" title="Archivo General de la Nación (Mexico)">national archives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seven unknowns </td> <td>13 November 1673 </td> <td>A group of mulattoes, blacks, and <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizos</a>, burned in Mexico City; caught in the act in the same textile mill.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>20 November 1686 </td> <td>A mulatto and a mestizo, burned together in Mexico City; a black man was publicly shamed as an accomplice.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>February 1735 </td> <td>Sentenced to death and their corpses burned in Mexico City "for the grave crime of Sodomy"; case reported in the <a href="/wiki/La_Gaceta_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="La Gaceta de México">Gazeta de México</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>27 August 1738 </td> <td>Indigenous, sentenced to burn in Mexico City for the "nefarious crime"; on the way to be executed, members of the local <a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">cofradía</a> accompanied them.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>23 June 1784 </td> <td>"The nefarious offender of this royal jail", burned in Mexico City and his body reduced to ashes in the accustomed site.<a href="#cite_note-:22-118">[108]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sweden">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisbetha_Olsdotter" title="Lisbetha Olsdotter">Lisbetha Olsdotter</a></td> <td>November 1679</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lord Haspisperch </td> <td>1277 </td> <td>German-Swiss aristocrat, burned by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolph I</a> in Basel. Unknown if politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Friedrich </td> <td>1399 </td> <td>Cook, burned in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>; his partner, Friedrich Schregelin, was banished.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hermann von Hohenlandberg </td> <td>1431 </td> <td>Burgher and noble, accused of robbing travelers outside of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zurich</a> in 1419; executed for multiple relationships with male adolescents.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> Reportedly offered a 14-year-old "clothes" for accompanying him.<a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1444 </td> <td>Bishop of Geneva's personal chef, a <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a>, and his Genevan partner, both hanged;<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> first executions in Geneva for sodomy.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1464 </td> <td>Sexton of a pilgrimage church and a boy, both burned in <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eighteen unknowns </td> <td>1474 </td> <td>Captured <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard</a> mercenaries, burned in Basel.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Puller_von_Hohenburg" title="Richard Puller von Hohenburg">Richard Puller von Hohenburg</a></td> <td rowspan="2">24 September 1482</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsatian</a> nobleman and knight and his servant, burned in Zurich. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anton Mätzler </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Zogg </td> <td rowspan="2">1489 </td> <td rowspan="2">Burned in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uli im Tann </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans_Waldmann_(mayor)" title="Hans Waldmann (mayor)">Hans Waldmann (mayor)</a></td> <td>6 April 1489</td> <td>Executed for multiple crimes, including sodomy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jehan Ruaulx </td> <td>1493 </td> <td>Pastry chef in <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, returned from France with an ear and his penis missing for attempted sodomy in <a href="/wiki/Sisteron" title="Sisteron">Sisteron</a>; confessed to relations with men, including a cleric, in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and Fribourg.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heinrich Baltschmid </td> <td rowspan="4">1506 </td> <td rowspan="4">Burned in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Felix Bluntschli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caspar Noll </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Honegger </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob von Schloss </td> <td>1515 </td> <td>Burned in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zurich</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> arrested for theft, found to have had relations with several men of superior age and economic status. First seduced by a <a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">notary</a> in the Savoy court of Geneva, he blamed the welsch (French, Savoyards, etc.) of introducing "such viciousness" to Germans.<a href="#cite_note-:20-120">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andres von Tschafel </td> <td>1519 </td> <td>Broken on the wheel and burned in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blasius Hipold </td> <td>1519 </td> <td>Burned in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bonifaz Dorn </td> <td>27 January 1519 </td> <td>Decapitated in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johannes Nusser </td> <td>1520 </td> <td>Broken on the wheel in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> Case brought before council of Lucerne after it was discovered he had been given a jacket for having sex with a man under a bridge in Rome. Confessed to sex with "human and animals, women and men, boys and adult men, Italians and Germans, laypeople and clerics" while serving as papal guard in Rome. Rewarded lavishly with "three double jackets" for prostituting himself to a monk in a stable. Nusser also acted as a priest, having "sermonized and heard confession."<a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Propstli </td> <td>1525 </td> <td>Decapitated and burned; first execution in <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> blamed the welsch.<a href="#cite_note-:21-121">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Fritschi </td> <td>1530 </td> <td>Monastery laborer from <a href="/wiki/Pfungen" title="Pfungen">Pfungen</a>, decapitated in <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> Tried alongside Hans Räs for "unchristian and heretical (sodomitical) acts". They had met while working in <a href="/wiki/Rheinau,_Switzerland" title="Rheinau, Switzerland">Rheinau</a> monastery two years prior. Fritschi asked to be decapitated instead of burned, a mercy the court granted. Fritschi was likely 15 to 25, Räs probably the same or slightly older. Räs also gave Fritschi a new pair of pants for Christmas. Räs, the instigator, may have been fugitive after the trial.<a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balthasar Bar </td> <td>1532 </td> <td>Drowned in Lucerne,<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> blamed the welsch.<a href="#cite_note-:21-121">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conrat Mulibach </td> <td>1533 </td> <td>Burned in <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marx Anthon </td> <td>1537 </td> <td>Burned in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jorg Sigler </td> <td>1537 </td> <td>Burned in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bonifacius Amerbach </td> <td>1538 </td> <td>Burned in Schaffhausen.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uli Rugger </td> <td>1540 </td> <td>Decapitated in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Blatter </td> <td>1540 </td> <td>Burned in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Muller </td> <td>1545 </td> <td>Decapitated and burned in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1550 </td> <td>Young French man, hanged in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean Fontaine </td> <td>1554 or 1555 </td> <td>Executed in Geneva, was involved with Branlard (see 1561).<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1556 </td> <td>French man, hanged in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Five unknowns </td> <td>1560 </td> <td>Three Turkish <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley</a> slaves and two French Catholics from a captured Savoy fort, burned together by Genevan forces. The slaves first admitted to the act, and implicated the Catholics when questioned.<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guillaume Brancard/Branlard </td> <td>1561 </td> <td>Drowned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-123">[113]</a> His partner, Ramel, was given a reduced sentence due to his age. Branlard had never had a relationship with a woman per court records.<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thoni Ruttiman </td> <td>1561 </td> <td>Hanged in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre Jobert </td> <td rowspan="2">1562 </td> <td rowspan="2">French, had a long-standing relationship; both drowned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thibaud Lespligny </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1566 </td> <td>Italian student, age 22, drowned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A9_Tecia" class="extiw" title="fr:Bartholomé Tecia">Bartholomé Tecia</a> </td> <td>10 June 1566 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmontese</a> student, age 15, drowned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-124">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rudolf Bachmann </td> <td rowspan="2">1567 </td> <td rowspan="2">Decapitated and burned in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uli Frei </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1568 </td> <td>French man, drowned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francoise-Jeanne Morel </td> <td>1568 </td> <td>Itinerant plague worker accused of molesting a woman she was sharing a bed with, Morel had admitted to fornication with a male 5 years earlier. She initially used this to deny the charge but later retracted this, and subsequently admitted her guilt under torture, and admitted to having relations with both men and women (she had never taken money for sex). She was subsequently drowned.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilhelm von Muhlhausen </td> <td>1579 </td> <td>Burned in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>28 May 1586 </td> <td>Burned between <a href="/wiki/Lenzburg" title="Lenzburg">Lenzburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1590 </td> <td>French soldier, age 25, and his valet (also French), age 18; both burned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three unknowns </td> <td>1590 </td> <td>Turkish galley slaves, burned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean Chaffrey </td> <td rowspan="5">February 1590 </td> <td rowspan="5">Two Europeans (Chaffrey, age 20, from <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphine</a>; Chappuis, age 15, Genevan) and 3 Muslim converts to Calvinism (Mohamet, age 35, from Martara; Assan, age 20, from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>; and Arnaud, age 34, from <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Rumania</a>) executed following trial for group homosexuality in Geneva. A 3rd European was acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Etienne Chappuis </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tatare Mohamet </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ali Arnaud </td></tr> <tr> <td>Franciscus de Rouiere </td> <td>1596 </td> <td>Burned in <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">Sankt Gallen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre Dufour </td> <td rowspan="2">13 November 1600 </td> <td rowspan="2">Genevan citizen and his partner, a local peasant. Brelat, a cowherd, openly boasted about their relationship due to Dufour's high social standing, but Brelat claimed Dufour was guilty of buggery (but not a bugger itself) after a violent fistfight.<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a> Both were subsequently drowned.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre Brelat </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jephat Scheurmann </td> <td>1609 </td> <td>Possibly executed in Lucerne;<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> claimed to have been "seduced" as a young man "in foreign countries" by an apprentice from Fribourg.<a href="#cite_note-:20-120">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre Canal </td> <td>2 February 1610<a href="#cite_note-128">[118]</a> </td> <td>Official burned in Geneva. Arrested for treason and homicide, confessed under torture.<a href="#cite_note-:0-94">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three unknowns </td> <td>1610 </td> <td>3 partners of Pierre Canal, including a gatekeeper, all drowned.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean de la Rue </td> <td>1617 </td> <td>Age 80, arrested for making a pass in an inn. Openly admitted to having had relations with many people in Geneva and elsewhere "<a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">for pleasure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">for grain</a>, and for poverty".<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a> Burned<a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[115]</a> after this single interrogation.<a href="#cite_note-:11-122">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1621 </td> <td>Catholic <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoyard</a>, age 50, burned in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Melchior Brütschli </td> <td>1629 </td> <td>Executed in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-:5-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1634 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neapolitan</a>, burned in Geneva; his partner, his French valet, banished.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two unknowns </td> <td>1647 </td> <td>Italians, executed (one hanged and the other burned) in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-:16-13">[13]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law#United_Kingdom" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law § United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom#Homosexuality_as_an_offence" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT rights in the United Kingdom § Homosexuality as an offence</a></div> The details of the accusation are often not given in contemporary sources, with euphemisms such as "unnatural offence" used. However, such terms were also used to describe bestiality, non-consensual acts, and crimes against minors. Due to this, sources discussing and listing capital offences for homosexuality, including the table below, may inadvertently include men executed for such offences. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Chambers </td> <td>5 October 1609 </td> <td>Catholic <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminarian</a> who converted to Protestantism, hanged in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>. He was convicted of sodomy with one of his choirboys at the Exeter assizes; he lived in <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Cathedral" title="Exeter Cathedral">Exeter Cathedral</a> "to teach the singing boys" under <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Sutcliffe" title="Matthew Sutcliffe">Matthew Sutcliffe</a>'s sponsorship. Chambers protested at his execution that in Italy he was able to suppress his urges as a Catholic, but quickly relapsed in Protestantism.<a href="#cite_note-129">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Tuchet,_2nd_Earl_of_Castlehaven" title="Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven">Mervyn Tuchet</a> </td> <td>1631 </td> <td>2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Castlehaven" title="Earl of Castlehaven">Earl of Castlehaven</a>, executed for sodomy with his male servants and procuring the rape of his wife. </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Plaine </td> <td>1646 </td> <td>Founder of <a href="/wiki/Guilford,_Connecticut" title="Guilford, Connecticut">Guilford, Connecticut</a>, executed in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>. Plaine, despite being married, had committed sodomy with "two persons in England" and had "corrupted a great part of the youth of Guilford" (reason for execution unknown).<a href="#cite_note-131">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francis Dilly </td> <td>4 February 1679 </td> <td>Non-white sailor on the <a href="/wiki/HMS_Jersey_(1654)" title="HMS Jersey (1654)">Jersey</a>, executed as chief ringleader of a 4-man sodomite group at <a href="/wiki/Port_Royal" title="Port Royal">Port Royal</a>. Other three members spared as they were white, "white men being scarce among us."<a href="#cite_note-:41-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>September 1684 </td> <td>Young man, hanged in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>; name not recorded.<a href="#cite_note-:41-21">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Hunt</td> <td rowspan="2">25 August 1743</td> <td rowspan="2">Hunt was a barge builder aged 37 and Collins was 57, a former weaver and soldier. They were accused of sodomy together in a toilet at Pepper Alley in Southwark, near London Bridge, which they each denied though their accounts differed. Their trial was at Surrey assizes 4 August and they were hanged at Kennington Common.<a href="#cite_note-surrey-134">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Collins </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richard Arnold </td> <td rowspan="2">15 September 1753 </td> <td rowspan="2">Arnold was around 60 and the landlord of the Lamb and Flag and Critchard was a footman aged around 20. They were convicted 31 August 1753 of felony and buggery for an act witnessed in the Swan Inn, Broad Street, Bristol. They were hanged together at St. Michael's Hill; they declined to implicate anyone else and Arnold was reported to have kissed Critchard's hand before the cart was pulled from under them.<a href="#cite_note-136">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Critchard<a href="#cite_note-140">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Wright</td> <td rowspan="2">15 August 1755</td> <td rowspan="2">Trial at Coventry assizes.<a href="#cite_note-coventry-141">[131]</a> Hanged on Whitley Common. Wright admitted that he had been guilty of sodomy, but never with Grimes, while Grimes said that he had never committed any such offence. Wright was also found guilty of killing Mr. Warner of Winhall.<a href="#cite_note-142">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Grimes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richard Whatley<a href="#cite_note-hants-143">[133]</a></td> <td>23 March 1776</td> <td>Trial at Hampshire assizes 5 March. Whatley, aged 41 and also known as Richard Churchill, was convicted of sodomy against Benjamin Dupre, a <a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">coachman</a> employed by <a href="/wiki/Lovell_Stanhope" title="Lovell Stanhope">Lovell Stanhope</a>. He admitted that he had attempted the offence (which took place at <a href="/wiki/Avington,_Hampshire" title="Avington, Hampshire">Avington</a>), but had not actually committed it.<a href="#cite_note-144">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benjamin Loveday</td> <td rowspan="2">12 October 1781</td> <td rowspan="2">Trial at Bristol assizes.<a href="#cite_note-bristol-145">[135]</a> Hanged on St Michael's Hill. Loveday worked as a waiter before keeping a public house on Tower Street, Bristol while Burke was a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a>, and they were accused of sexual activity together that they denied. Loveday was also accused by James Morgan. Joseph Giles and James Lane were also accused with Loveday, but were only sentenced for misdemeanours, and William Ward was acquitted. Loveday may have been running a <a href="/wiki/Molly_house" title="Molly house">molly house</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Burke </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Lad or Ladd<a href="#cite_note-148">[138]</a> (one source says Thomas)<a href="#cite_note-surrey-134">[124]</a></td> <td>10 April 1786</td> <td>A Methodist preacher, he was tried at Surrey assizes on 22 March and taken from New Gaol to be hanged on Peckham Common. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Crispin<a href="#cite_note-devon-149">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[140]</a></td> <td>17 August 1787</td> <td>Trial at Devon assizes 30 July. Hanged at Heavitree gallows near Exeter. Crispin, aged 45, was a <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">potter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pilton,_Devon" title="Pilton, Devon">Pilton</a> who had been living in a <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">workhouse</a> for seven years. His co-accused Hugh Gribble was reprieved owing to mental incapacity. Crispin acknowledged his guilt but showed no remorse. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Southwell</td> <td rowspan="2">3 April 1790</td> <td rowspan="2">Trial at Suffolk assizes in Bury 17 March. Hanged at <a href="/wiki/Rushmere,_Ipswich" title="Rushmere, Ipswich">Rushmere</a> Heath.<a href="#cite_note-suffolk-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Smith </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry Allen </td> <td>1797 </td> <td>Captain of the sloop <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wolverine_(1798)" title="HMS Wolverine (1798)">Rattler</a>, hanged for sodomy on the ships' yardarm "despite his rank and excellent social connections."<a href="#cite_note-:7-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Powell<a href="#cite_note-suffolk-151">[141]</a></td> <td>30 August 1797</td> <td>Powell was a pauper at Melford workhouse. His trial was at Suffolk assizes on 9 August. He was hanged at Bury St Edmunds at the age of 70, but he did not confess.<a href="#cite_note-155">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Bird<a href="#cite_note-157">[147]</a></td> <td>26 August 1803</td> <td>Trial at Warwickshire assizes, executed in Warwick. Bird was a Methodist, convicted on the testimony of John Privett. Privett withdrew his statement, only to then say this was because Bird's son bribed him. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathuselah Spalding aka Methuselah.<a href="#cite_note-158">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[150]</a></td> <td>8 February 1804</td> <td>His trial was at the Old Bailey in November, where he was convicted of having "a venereal affair" with James Hankinson. He was hanged at Newgate. He was hanged with a forger, Ann Hurle - they were led out of Debtor's Door and rather than the New Drop they were hanged by a cart being driven from under them. </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Robertson<a href="#cite_note-161">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-1806news-162">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[153]</a></td> <td>13 August 1806</td> <td>Trial at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate after attempting suicide. Robertson was 48 years old and said to keep a brothel at Charles Street, Covent Garden. He was convicted of an offence with 17-year-old George Foulston. </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Stockton aka Samuel Stockton<a href="#cite_note-1806news-162">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-warrington-164">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[158]</a></td> <td rowspan="3">13 September 1806</td> <td rowspan="3">Known as the Remarkable Trials, twenty seven men aged 17 to 84 from in and around Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool were arrested in May 1806 for sodomy and nine were tried by John Borron and Richard Gwillym at the Lancaster assizes. Harry Cocks notes that the arrests came amid concerns post-1789 about Jacobins and other men meeting in private. Men of different social classes, they met among other places on Mondays and Fridays at Hitchin's house in Great Sankey, Cheshire, and were said by the press to be Freemasons and call each other "brother". Holland was a rich pawnbroker and there were rumours that members of the gentry were involved with the group, even members of Parliament. Those hanged were convicted on the testimonies of John Knight and Thomas Taylor, members of the group who gave evidence to avoid being hanged themselves. Rix also testified that sodomy was widespread and considered normal in Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool, describing casual encounters in the street, but the magistrate refused a deal, while Hitchin denied the charges. Stockton, Holland and Powell were hanged at Lancaster castle on 13 September, and Hitchin and Rix later that month after they were further interrogated to find other conspirators. Joshua Newsom and George Ellis were found guilty of lesser offences and the rest were acquitted. The magistrates attempted to investigate further, but were stopped by the Home Office. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Holland </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Powell </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isaac Hitchin<a href="#cite_note-1806news-162">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-warrington-164">[154]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">27 September 1806</td> <td rowspan="2">Part of the "Remarkable Trials" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Rix </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Billey<a href="#cite_note-rictornorton.co.uk-169">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[160]</a></td> <td>31 March 1808</td> <td>Aged 45, he was accused of an offence against Thomas Douglas of Crayford and for attempted offences against others. His trial was at Kent Lent Assizes in Maidstone, and he was hanged on <a href="/wiki/Penenden_Heath" title="Penenden Heath">Penenden Heath</a>. He had no family and the Kentish Gazette said he "appeared a perfect idiot". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richard Neighbour<a href="#cite_note-rictornorton.co.uk-169">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[162]</a></td> <td>24 November 1808</td> <td>Neighbour of Gresse Street, Rathbone Place, aged 26, was convicted of a crime against the body of Joshua Archer, aged 17 or 18, an apprentice to an engraver. Attempts were made to bribe Archer to leave the country. Neighbour was sentenced to hang at the Old Bailey in October 1808, but he poisoned himself with arsenic at Newgate the next month, less than a week before his execution was due. </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Bartlett<a href="#cite_note-1809news-173">[163]</a></td> <td>4 April 1809</td> <td>Trial at Surrey Assizes, executed at <a href="/wiki/Horsemonger_Lane_Gaol" title="Horsemonger Lane Gaol">Horsemonger Lane Gaol</a>. He was buried at Limehouse and left £1,500 to his daughter. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samuel Mounser<a href="#cite_note-174">[164]</a></td> <td>31 August 1810</td> <td>Trial at the Chelmsford Summer Assizes, from Stanford-le-Hope </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas White</td> <td rowspan="2">7 March 1811</td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vere_Street_Coterie" title="Vere Street Coterie">Vere Street Coterie</a></div> Ensign John Newball Hepburn, in his forties, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, tried at the Old Bailey and hanged in front of <a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a>, London<a href="#cite_note-175">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Hepburn </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Thompson Myers<a href="#cite_note-177">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[169]</a></td> <td>4 May 1812</td> <td>Myers was a draper of Stamford, accused by Thomas Crow (or Crowe), an 18-year-old apprentice to a tailor, Mr. Horden of Stamford. Myers was acquitted in Lincolnshire due to Crow being suspected of lying, but he was then convicted at trial at Peterborough accused again by Crow of offences at Burghley Park. Myers was hanged at Fengate, Peterborough, the last man to be publicly executed in the city. </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Godfrey<a href="#cite_note-180">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[171]</a> </td> <td>1 April 1813</td> <td>Godfrey was a butler in the house of Mr. Atkinson at Lee, who was indicted for "unnatural offences" with a footman, Henry Greenhurst, from May to December 1812. The latter was "unconscious of the heinous character of the offence" and told another servant, who informed Mr. Atkinson. Godfrey was hanged at Penenden Heath. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry Youens<a href="#cite_note-1814news-182">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[173]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">18 August 1814</td> <td rowspan="2">Trial at the Kent Assizes in Maidstone, hanged at Penenden Heath. Ottaway, 33, and Youens, 21, were soldiers. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Ottaway (spelled variously Ottoway, Otooway, Ottway, and Otway) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abraham Adams<a href="#cite_note-184">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[176]</a></td> <td>26 July 1815</td> <td>Trial at the Old Bailey, hanged aged 51 at Newgate alongside <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fenning" title="Elizabeth Fenning">Elizabeth Fenning</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Charles </td> <td rowspan="4">1 February 1816 </td> <td rowspan="4">Sailors on the HMS <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Africaine_(1798)" title="French frigate Africaine (1798)">Africaine</a> under captain Edward Rodney, hanged at Portsmouth at 11 AM. Two other men, John Parsons and Joseph Hubbard, were whipped, with Hubbard receiving less lashes than Parsons due to medical concerns. Many reports of sodomy surfaced onboard the ship during its four-year tour of the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>, with Westerman being named as a participant from the start. For the first incident, Westerman was demoted from captain's servant boy to ordinary crewman, with further demotion for a later incident. More incidents surfaced until the ship returned to England in 1815, and an investigation was ordered by the Royal Navy. The initial 23 suspects identified in December 1815 was reduced to just four (Westerman, Joseph Tall, Seraco, and Treake). The origins of the sodomy amongst the crew was determined to be Seraco and Treake, both Italians. Seraco was condemned with Charles (a prisoner), Treake was initially pardoned with Joseph Tall but re-condemned with Westerman.<a href="#cite_note-187">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raphael Seraco<a href="#cite_note-191">[k]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raphael Treake<a href="#cite_note-192">[l]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Westerman </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Siggins<a href="#cite_note-193">[181]</a></td> <td>21 August 1817</td> <td>Trial at Kent Assizes in Maidstone for a crime in Chatham, executed on Penenden Heath </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Charlton<a href="#cite_note-194">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-1819news-196">[184]</a></td> <td>14 April 1819</td> <td>A watchmaker aged 26 who was tried at the Guildhall, Newcastle and hanged at Morpeth. His funeral was attended by 2000 people. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Markham<a href="#cite_note-1819news-196">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[187]</a></td> <td>29 December 1819</td> <td>A pauper aged 26 who was an inmate at St. Giles's workhouse, his hanging was heard by <a href="/wiki/John_Hobhouse,_1st_Baron_Broughton" title="John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton">John Cam Hobhouse</a>, who was being held at Newgate. Hobhouse noted in his diary, "Tis dreadful hanging a man for this practice". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Foster<a href="#cite_note-200">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[190]</a></td> <td>3 May 1820</td> <td>Trial at Kent Assizes and hanged at Penenden Heath. Convicted of an offence with John Whyneard (charged as an accomplice, but not hanged) at the Isle of Sheppey. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Holland<a href="#cite_note-1822oldbailey-203">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-1822news-204">[192]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">25 November 1822</td> <td rowspan="2">Aged 42 and 32 respectively, tried at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate. </td></tr> <tr> <td>William King<a href="#cite_note-1822oldbailey-203">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-1822news-204">[192]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Arden<a href="#cite_note-205">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[196]</a></td> <td rowspan="3">21 March 1823</td> <td rowspan="3">Respectively a gentleman and half-pay officer aged 35, a valet to the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham-Clinton,_4th_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle">Duke of Newcastle</a> aged 36, and a cabinet maker aged 35, they were tried at Lincoln Assizes by Mr. Justice Park and convicted on the evidence of a 19-year-old apprentice draper named Henry Hackett. A love letter from Hackett to Candler had been addressed to the Duke to save on postage: the Duke received and read the letter and had Hackett confronted, upon which he also implicated Doughty and Arden, who had associated with each other in Grantham in summer 1822. They were part of a group of up to 36 men led by Arden, who went on hunger strike in jail. The convicted men were hanged at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benjamin Candler </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Doughty </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charles Clutton<a href="#cite_note-209">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[198]</a></td> <td>13 August 1824</td> <td>Aged 25, he was charged in June 1824 with Charles Paul, aged 17, for an offence at <a href="/wiki/Weedon_Bec" title="Weedon Bec">Weedon Bec</a> barracks in May 1823 - they were both privates in the 53rd regiment. He was sentenced by Mr. Justice Holroyd and hanged at the New Drop, Northamptonshire </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Bennett<a href="#cite_note-211">[199]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">20 April 1825</td> <td rowspan="2">Aged about 30 and from Witney and aged 22 and from Radstock, respectively, they were hanged at <a href="/wiki/Ilchester" title="Ilchester">Ilchester</a> Gaol in Somerset </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Maggs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Captain Henry Nicholl (also reported as Nichol and Nicholls)</td> <td>12 August 1833</td> <td>A 50-year-old veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, Nicholl was hanged at <a href="/wiki/Horsemonger_Lane_Gaol" title="Horsemonger Lane Gaol">Horsemonger Lane Gaol</a> in Southwark, London. He was renounced by his prominent family, and his body was handed over to a hospital for dissection as they refused to accept it for burial.<a href="#cite_note-212">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Cropper<a href="#cite_note-214">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[203]</a></td> <td>26 December 1833</td> <td>A 26-year-old soldier, he was convicted of an offence at Deptford with a fellow soldier, Charles Pike, who was aged 18, but Pike was acquitted. Cropper was hanged at New Sessions House in Maidstone, the same day as a rapist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Spershott (also reported as John Sparshott and John Sparsholt)<a href="#cite_note-216">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[206]</a></td> <td>22 August 1835</td> <td>A labourer aged 19, he was convicted of an offence with George Howard (who was not charged) at Mid Lavant and hanged at Horsham, Surrey, alongside a burglar. "Spershott's hanging was perhaps the last occasion at which was performed the folk ritual of the hangman passing the dead man's hands over the neck and bosoms of young women as a cure for glandular enlargements." </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" title="James Pratt and John Smith">John Smith</a></td> <td rowspan="2">27 November 1835</td> <td rowspan="2">The last two men to be hanged for homosexuality in England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" title="James Pratt and John Smith">John Pratt</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="#cite_note-219">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality_in_majority-Muslim_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminalization of homosexuality in majority-Muslim countries">Criminalization of homosexuality in majority-Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_society" title="Homosexuality in society">Homosexuality in society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executed_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of executed people">List of executed people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Also given as "Rozieres" </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Date also given as 21 October 1627 and 27 July 1654. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> No date given; presumed to be same year. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> 16th century; exact date unknown. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Also named as Antonio Salamone and Antonio Salomón </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Date also given as 20 September 1519 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Also listed as <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster" title="Quartermaster">quartermaster</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Also named as Antonio Ginovés, also listed as a "ship's boy" or "grummet" </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Also reported as a suicide or execution, with some sources stating he too was sentenced to death. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Both for homosexuality and bestiality; no details given. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Also named Ralph Serraco </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> Also named Raphaelo Troyac </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-perspectives-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrompton1981" class="citation book cs1">Crompton, Louis (1981). Salvatore J. Licata; Robert P. Petersen (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nn-ySVOZaSQC&q=John+de+Wettre&pg=PA17">Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality</a>. Haworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780917724275" title="Special:BookSources/9780917724275"><bdi>9780917724275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Perspectives+on+Homosexuality&rft.pub=Haworth+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780917724275&rft.aulast=Crompton&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNn-ySVOZaSQC%26q%3DJohn%2Bde%2BWettre%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDynes2016" class="citation book cs1">Dynes, Wayne R. (2016-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YrXOCwAAQBAJ&dq=in+ypres+the+death+penalty+was+imposed+on+two+men+in+1375&pg=PA123">Encyclopedia of Homosexuality: Volume I</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36815-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36815-1"><bdi>978-1-317-36815-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Homosexuality%3A+Volume+I&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.isbn=978-1-317-36815-1&rft.aulast=Dynes&rft.aufirst=Wayne+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYrXOCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Din%2Bypres%2Bthe%2Bdeath%2Bpenalty%2Bwas%2Bimposed%2Bon%2Btwo%2Bmen%2Bin%2B1375%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuke2009" class="citation book cs1">Duke, A. C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DPGMstg0fosC&dq=friars+sodomy+bruges+1578&pg=PA254">Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5679-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5679-1"><bdi>978-0-7546-5679-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissident+Identities+in+the+Early+Modern+Low+Countries&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5679-1&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDPGMstg0fosC%26dq%3Dfriars%2Bsodomy%2Bbruges%2B1578%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2011" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Catharine (2011-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aR5Yip1Nky8C&dq=friars+sodomy+bruges+1578&pg=PT53">The Sexual History of London: From Roman Londinium to the Swinging City---Lust, Vice, and Desire Across the Ages</a>. St. Martin's Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-9006-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-9006-6"><bdi>978-1-4299-9006-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sexual+History+of+London%3A+From+Roman+Londinium+to+the+Swinging+City---Lust%2C+Vice%2C+and+Desire+Across+the+Ages&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-9006-6&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Catharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaR5Yip1Nky8C%26dq%3Dfriars%2Bsodomy%2Bbruges%2B1578%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-24">y</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrompton2009" class="citation book cs1">Crompton, Louis (July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&dq=philippe+basse+and+bernard+mocmanesse&pg=PA449">Homosexuality and Civilization</a>. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-66565-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-66565-0"><bdi>978-1-351-66565-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Revivals%3A+Medieval+France+%281995%29%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft.isbn=978-1-351-66565-0&rft.aulast=Kibler&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft.au=Zinn%2C+Grover+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjkArDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBenjamin%2BDeschauffours%26pg%3DPT1513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-38">am</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuff2003" class="citation book cs1">Puff, Helmut (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1CLcpm0sadMC&q=executed">Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68505-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68505-2"><bdi>978-0-226-68505-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sodomy+in+Reformation+Germany+and+Switzerland%2C+1400-1600&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-226-68505-2&rft.aulast=Puff&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1CLcpm0sadMC%26q%3Dexecuted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_8-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabaté2019" class="citation book cs1">Sabaté, Flocel (2019-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1t-sDwAAQBAJ">The Death Penalty in Late-Medieval Catalonia: Evidence and Significations</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-58174-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-58174-8"><bdi>978-0-429-58174-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+Penalty+in+Late-Medieval+Catalonia%3A+Evidence+and+Significations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.isbn=978-0-429-58174-8&rft.aulast=Sabat%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Flocel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1t-sDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5WW5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22executed+as+sodomites%22&pg=PA194">The Malleus Maleficarum</a>. Manchester University Press. 2013-01-18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-805-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-805-3"><bdi>978-1-84779-805-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malleus+Maleficarum&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2013-01-18&rft.isbn=978-1-84779-805-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5WW5DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522executed%2Bas%2Bsodomites%2522%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonstrelet1826" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monstrelet, Enguerrand de (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AsUWAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22gilles+de+nevers%22+1457&pg=PA235">Chroniques d'Enguerrand de Monstrelet</a> (in French). Verdière.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chroniques+d%27Enguerrand+de+Monstrelet&rft.pub=Verdi%C3%A8re&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Monstrelet&rft.aufirst=Enguerrand+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAsUWAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3D%2522gilles%2Bde%2Bnevers%2522%2B1457%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:46-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_11-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJousse1771" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jousse, Daniel (1771). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w7QWAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Jean+Moret%22+1519&pg=PA119">Traité de la justice criminelle de France: où l'on examine tout ce qui concerne les crimes et les peines en général et en particulier, les juges établis pour décider les affaires criminelles, les parties publiques et privées, les accusés, les ministres de la justice criminelle, les experts, les témoins, et les autres personnes nécessaires pour l'instruction des procès-criminels, et aussi tout ce qui regarde la manière de procéder dans la poursuite des crimes</a> (in French). chez Debure Père, libraire, quai des Augustins, à l'image de S. Paul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trait%C3%A9+de+la+justice+criminelle+de+France%3A+o%C3%B9+l%27on+examine+tout+ce+qui+concerne+les+crimes+et+les+peines+en+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+et+en+particulier%2C+les+juges+%C3%A9tablis+pour+d%C3%A9cider+les+affaires+criminelles%2C+les+parties+publiques+et+priv%C3%A9es%2C+les+accus%C3%A9s%2C+les+ministres+de+la+justice+criminelle%2C+les+experts%2C+les+t%C3%A9moins%2C+et+les+autres+personnes+n%C3%A9cessaires+pour+l%27instruction+des+proc%C3%A8s-criminels%2C+et+aussi+tout+ce+qui+regarde+la+mani%C3%A8re+de+proc%C3%A9der+dans+la+poursuite+des+crimes&rft.pub=chez+Debure+P%C3%A8re%2C+libraire%2C+quai+des+Augustins%2C+%C3%A0+l%27image+de+S.+Paul&rft.date=1771&rft.aulast=Jousse&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw7QWAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Jean%2BMoret%2522%2B1519%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:47-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:47_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:47_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:47_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:47_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:47_12-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuyot1785" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guyot, Joseph Nicolas (1785). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dURBAAAAcAAJ&dq=Nicholas+Dadon+1584&pg=PA337">Répertoire universel et raisonné de jurisprudence civile, criminelle, canonique et béneficiale</a> (in French). Visse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+universel+et+raisonn%C3%A9+de+jurisprudence+civile%2C+criminelle%2C+canonique+et+b%C3%A9neficiale&rft.pub=Visse&rft.date=1785&rft.aulast=Guyot&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdURBAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DNicholas%2BDadon%2B1584%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_13-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLicalaPeterson2014" class="citation book cs1">Licala, S. J.; Peterson, R. P. (2014-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OtC3AwAAQBAJ&dq=two+Spanish+nuns+burned+for+using+material+instruments&pg=PA17">The Gay Past: A Collection of Historical Essays</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-95970-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-95970-0"><bdi>978-1-317-95970-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gay+Past%3A+A+Collection+of+Historical+Essays&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.isbn=978-1-317-95970-0&rft.aulast=Licala&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+R.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOtC3AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtwo%2BSpanish%2Bnuns%2Bburned%2Bfor%2Busing%2Bmaterial%2Binstruments%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraub2002" class="citation book cs1">Traub, Valerie (2002-06-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iKpWEEF_sIkC&dq=drowned+AND+Geneva+AND+1568&pg=PA43">The Renaissance of Lesbianism in Early Modern England</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44885-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44885-7"><bdi>978-0-521-44885-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Renaissance+of+Lesbianism+in+Early+Modern+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-06-06&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44885-7&rft.aulast=Traub&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiKpWEEF_sIkC%26dq%3Ddrowned%2BAND%2BGeneva%2BAND%2B1568%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2016" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Rictor (2016-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DkTqDAAAQBAJ&dq=drowned+AND+Geneva+AND+1568&pg=PA191">Myth of the Modern Homosexual: Queer History and the Search for Cultural Unity</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-8692-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-8692-3"><bdi>978-1-4742-8692-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+of+the+Modern+Homosexual%3A+Queer+History+and+the+Search+for+Cultural+Unity&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-8692-3&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Rictor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDkTqDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddrowned%2BAND%2BGeneva%2BAND%2B1568%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Jacob, Roger "Dominique Phinot", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 1, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">(subscription access)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1861" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Long, James (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T0tvEi01kVkC&dq=%22Richard+Renvoisy%22+1586&pg=PA59">A Descriptive Catalogue of Bengali Works, Containing a Classified List of Fourteen Hundred Bengali Books and Pamphlets, ... Issued ... During the Last Sixty Years, Etc</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Catalogue+of+Bengali+Works%2C+Containing+a+Classified+List+of+Fourteen+Hundred+Bengali+Books+and+Pamphlets%2C+...+Issued+...+During+the+Last+Sixty+Years%2C+Etc&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT0tvEi01kVkC%26dq%3D%2522Richard%2BRenvoisy%2522%2B1586%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaineMaine_(Antoine)1773" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maine, François Grudé “de” La Croix Du; Maine (Antoine), Francois Grude sieur de et Du-Verdier La-Croix du (1773). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gm7WIkMMubMC&dq=%22Richard+Renvoisy%22+1586&pg=PA415">Les Bibliothéques Françoises De La Croix Du Maine Et De Du Verdier Sieur De Vauprivas; Nouvelle Édition, Dédiée Au Roi, Revue, corrigée & augmentée ... Par M. Rigoley De Juvigny</a> (in French). Saillant.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Biblioth%C3%A9ques+Fran%C3%A7oises+De+La+Croix+Du+Maine+Et+De+Du+Verdier+Sieur+De+Vauprivas%3B+Nouvelle+%C3%89dition%2C+D%C3%A9di%C3%A9e+Au+Roi%2C+Revue%2C+corrig%C3%A9e+%26+augment%C3%A9e+...+Par+M.+Rigoley+De+Juvigny&rft.pub=Saillant&rft.date=1773&rft.aulast=Maine&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois+Grud%C3%A9+%E2%80%9Cde%E2%80%9D+La+Croix+Du&rft.au=Maine+%28Antoine%29%2C+Francois+Grude+sieur+de+et+Du-Verdier+La-Croix+du&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgm7WIkMMubMC%26dq%3D%2522Richard%2BRenvoisy%2522%2B1586%26pg%3DPA415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert1862" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lambert, C.-G.-A. (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-E4FfzdTh0C&dq=%22Jean-Imbert+Brunet%22+1601&pg=PA89">Catalogue descriptif et raisonné des mss. de la Bibliothèque de Carpentras</a> (in French). Rolland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+descriptif+et+raisonn%C3%A9+des+mss.+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+de+Carpentras&rft.pub=Rolland&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=C.-G.-A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-E4FfzdTh0C%26dq%3D%2522Jean-Imbert%2BBrunet%2522%2B1601%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:41-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:41_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_21-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuvich2020" class="citation book cs1">Zuvich, Andrea (2020-09-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yeLyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22executed+for+sodomy%22&pg=PT124">Sex and Sexuality in Stuart Britain</a>. Pen and Sword History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5308-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5308-3"><bdi>978-1-5267-5308-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+Sexuality+in+Stuart+Britain&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+History&rft.date=2020-09-19&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-5308-3&rft.aulast=Zuvich&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyeLyDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522executed%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBombartCornicKeller-RahbéRosellini2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bombart, Mathilde; Cornic, Sylvain; Keller-Rahbé, Edwige; Rosellini, Michèle (2020-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dYT6DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Emery+Ange+Dugaton%22+1666&pg=PA34">" A qui lira ": Littérature, livre et librairie en France au XVIIe siècle: Actes du 47e congrès de la NASSCFL (Lyon, 21-24 juin 2017)</a> (in French). Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-9423-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-9423-5"><bdi>978-3-8233-9423-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22+A+qui+lira+%22%3A+Litt%C3%A9rature%2C+livre+et+librairie+en+France+au+XVIIe+si%C3%A8cle%3A+Actes+du+47e+congr%C3%A8s+de+la+NASSCFL+%28Lyon%2C+21-24+juin+2017%29&rft.pub=Narr+Francke+Attempto+Verlag&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.isbn=978-3-8233-9423-5&rft.aulast=Bombart&rft.aufirst=Mathilde&rft.au=Cornic%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Keller-Rahb%C3%A9%2C+Edwige&rft.au=Rosellini%2C+Mich%C3%A8le&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdYT6DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Emery%2BAnge%2BDugaton%2522%2B1666%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmont1895" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Omont, Henri (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=37jNHExDT-UC&dq=%22Antoine+Mazouer%22+1666&pg=PA210">Catalogue général des manuscrits français de la Bibliothèque nationale</a> (in French). E. Leroux.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+des+manuscrits+fran%C3%A7ais+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale&rft.pub=E.+Leroux&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Omont&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D37jNHExDT-UC%26dq%3D%2522Antoine%2BMazouer%2522%2B1666%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_24-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDynesDonaldson1992" class="citation book cs1">Dynes, Wayne R.; Donaldson, Stephen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y8_Ya2s3zN8C&q=executed">History of Homosexuality in Europe and America</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0550-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0550-7"><bdi>978-0-8153-0550-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Homosexuality+in+Europe+and+America&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-0550-7&rft.aulast=Dynes&rft.aufirst=Wayne+R.&rft.au=Donaldson%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy8_Ya2s3zN8C%26q%3Dexecuted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCage2015" class="citation book cs1">Cage, E. Claire (2015-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tMGaBQAAQBAJ&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PT58">Unnatural Frenchmen: The Politics of Priestly Celibacy and Marriage, 1720-1815</a>. University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-3713-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-3713-7"><bdi>978-0-8139-3713-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unnatural+Frenchmen%3A+The+Politics+of+Priestly+Celibacy+and+Marriage%2C+1720-1815&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8139-3713-7&rft.aulast=Cage&rft.aufirst=E.+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtMGaBQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPT58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManners1999" class="citation book cs1">McManners, John (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-DnCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA366">Church and Society in Eighteenth-century France: The clerical establishment and its social ramifications</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-827003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-827003-4"><bdi>978-0-19-827003-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+and+Society+in+Eighteenth-century+France%3A+The+clerical+establishment+and+its+social+ramifications&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-827003-4&rft.aulast=McManners&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-DnCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:38-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClananEncarnación2016" class="citation book cs1">McClanan, A.; Encarnación, K. (2016-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a1UBDgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Hermann+von+Hohenlandenberg%22&pg=PA256">The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08503-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08503-0"><bdi>978-1-137-08503-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Material+Culture+of+Sex%2C+Procreation%2C+and+Marriage+in+Premodern+Europe&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-09-23&rft.isbn=978-1-137-08503-0&rft.aulast=McClanan&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Encarnaci%C3%B3n%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da1UBDgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Hermann%2Bvon%2BHohenlandenberg%2522%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:30-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:30_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:30_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2015" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Franz (2015-02-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qSqCDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Hennsa+Pallauf%22&pg=PT84">A Hangman's Diary: The Journal of Master Franz Schmidt, Public Executioner of Nuremberg, 1573?1617</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62914-976-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62914-976-9"><bdi>978-1-62914-976-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hangman%27s+Diary%3A+The+Journal+of+Master+Franz+Schmidt%2C+Public+Executioner+of+Nuremberg%2C+1573%3F1617&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-62914-976-9&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqSqCDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Hennsa%2BPallauf%2522%26pg%3DPT84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShull2003" class="citation book cs1">Shull, Rich (2003-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ecVHDwAAQBAJ&dq=Ludwig+de+Gros+1704&pg=PA142">Autism, Pre Rain Man: Pre Rain Man Autism</a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4697-2597-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4697-2597-0"><bdi>978-1-4697-2597-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autism%2C+Pre+Rain+Man%3A+Pre+Rain+Man+Autism&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2003-11-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4697-2597-0&rft.aulast=Shull&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DecVHDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DLudwig%2Bde%2BGros%2B1704%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFELLIOTT2014" class="citation book cs1">ELLIOTT, CLINTON (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wm_fAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Martin+Schultze%22+1704&pg=PA180">HIDDEN</a>. Author House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4817-6511-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4817-6511-4"><bdi>978-1-4817-6511-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HIDDEN&rft.pub=Author+House&rft.date=2014-02&rft.isbn=978-1-4817-6511-4&rft.aulast=ELLIOTT&rft.aufirst=CLINTON&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwm_fAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Martin%2BSchultze%2522%2B1704%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternweiler2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sternweiler, Andreas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gPrZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Martin+Schultze%22+1704">Selbstbewusstsein und Beharrlichkeit: zweihundert Jahre Geschichte</a> (in German). Schwules Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selbstbewusstsein+und+Beharrlichkeit%3A+zweihundert+Jahre+Geschichte&rft.pub=Schwules+Museum&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Sternweiler&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgPrZAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Martin%2BSchultze%2522%2B1704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:48-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:48_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:48_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrujillo2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trujillo, Josh (2023-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RIStEAAAQBAJ&dq=ephraim+ostermann&pg=PT68">Washington's Gay General: The Legends and Loves of Baron von Steuben</a> (in Spanish). Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68335-841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68335-841-1"><bdi>978-1-68335-841-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington%27s+Gay+General%3A+The+Legends+and+Loves+of+Baron+von+Steuben&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2023-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-68335-841-1&rft.aulast=Trujillo&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRIStEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dephraim%2Bostermann%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:49-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:49_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:49_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:49_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2019" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Jon (2019-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pi6ZDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nicolas+Gonzales+1625&pg=PA707">How Sex Got Screwed Up: The Ghosts that Haunt Our Sexual Pleasure - Book One: From the Stone Age to the Enlightenment</a>. Vernon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62273-583-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62273-583-9"><bdi>978-1-62273-583-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Sex+Got+Screwed+Up%3A+The+Ghosts+that+Haunt+Our+Sexual+Pleasure+-+Book+One%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+Enlightenment&rft.pub=Vernon+Press&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft.isbn=978-1-62273-583-9&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPi6ZDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DNicolas%2BGonzales%2B1625%26pg%3DPA707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2020" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Dyan (2020-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6AFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Haspisperch&pg=PA139">The Corrupter of Boys: Sodomy, Scandal, and the Medieval Clergy</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9748-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9748-5"><bdi>978-0-8122-9748-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Corrupter+of+Boys%3A+Sodomy%2C+Scandal%2C+and+the+Medieval+Clergy&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9748-5&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Dyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ6AFEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHaspisperch%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPertz1863" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pertz, Georg Heinrich (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UwHzKON3MxUC&dq=%22Niger+de+Pulis%22&pg=PA855">Monumenta Germaniae historica inde ab anno Christi quingentesimo usque ad annum millesimum et quingentesimum: Scriptorum</a> (in Latin). 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Giovanni Dallorto (in Italian). Retrieved June 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Giovanni+Dallorto&rft.atitle=Il+primo+processo+ad+un+sodomita+in+Italia+-+Cronica+fiorentina+anonima%2C+1293&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giovannidallorto.com%2Ftesti%2Fprocessi%2Fpg1293%2Fpg1293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:24-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:24_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:24_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocke1996" class="citation book cs1">Rocke, Michael (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forbiddenfriends00rock/page/24">Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forbiddenfriends00rock/page/24">24, 227, 356, 360</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512292-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512292-5"><bdi>0-19-512292-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forbidden+Friendships%2C+Homosexuality+and+Male+Culture+in+Renaissance+Florence&rft.pages=24%2C+227%2C+356%2C+360&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-512292-5&rft.aulast=Rocke&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforbiddenfriends00rock%2Fpage%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_38-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuggiero1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ruggiero, Guido (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rLEJPAAACAAJ">I confini dell'Eros: crimini sessuali e sessualità nella Venezia del Rinascimento</a> (in Italian). Marsilio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-317-5079-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-317-5079-0"><bdi>978-88-317-5079-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+confini+dell%27Eros%3A+crimini+sessuali+e+sessualit%C3%A0+nella+Venezia+del+Rinascimento&rft.pub=Marsilio&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-88-317-5079-0&rft.aulast=Ruggiero&rft.aufirst=Guido&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrLEJPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2020" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Chuck (2020-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x9EHEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Rolandino+Roncaglia%22&pg=PA711">Gender and Identity around the World [2 volumes]</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6795-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6795-8"><bdi>978-1-4408-6795-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+and+Identity+around+the+World+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6795-8&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx9EHEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Rolandino%2BRoncaglia%2522%26pg%3DPA711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_Archives_of_Venice1354" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">State Archives of Venice (1354). 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Retrieved 2022-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=melitensiawth.com&rft.atitle=melitensiawth.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelitensiawth.com%2Fincoming%2FIndex%2FMelita%2520Historica%2FMH.14%282004-07%29%2FMH.14%282007%294%2F07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray1995" class="citation book cs1">Bray, Alan (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EuE6To4q06gC&dq=%22Malta%22+%22sodomy%22+%221616%22&pg=PA74">Homosexuality in Renaissance England</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10289-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10289-6"><bdi>978-0-231-10289-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homosexuality+in+Renaissance+England&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10289-6&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEuE6To4q06gC%26dq%3D%2522Malta%2522%2B%2522sodomy%2522%2B%25221616%2522%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemert1749" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hemert, Johan Maurits van (1749). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nnd74av1tlcC&q=Gooswyn">Korte levensbeschryving der Hollandsche graven</a> (in Dutch). by Nicolaas Goetzee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korte+levensbeschryving+der+Hollandsche+graven&rft.pub=by+Nicolaas+Goetzee&rft.date=1749&rft.aulast=Hemert&rft.aufirst=Johan+Maurits+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNnd74av1tlcC%26q%3DGooswyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1997" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Scott (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JoqzLcKbU4wC&dq=Francesco+Calcagno&pg=PA46">The Queer Question: Essays on Desire and Democracy</a>. South End Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-577-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-577-0"><bdi>978-0-89608-577-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queer+Question%3A+Essays+on+Desire+and+Democracy&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-577-0&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJoqzLcKbU4wC%26dq%3DFrancesco%2BCalcagno%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:36-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_86-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerdt2020" class="citation book cs1">Herdt, Gilbert (2020-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8nf8DwAAQBAJ&dq=drowned+as+sodomites&pg=PT78">Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-942130-52-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-942130-52-9"><bdi>978-1-942130-52-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+Sex%2C+Third+Gender%3A+Beyond+Sexual+Dimorphism+in+Culture+and+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft.isbn=978-1-942130-52-9&rft.aulast=Herdt&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nf8DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddrowned%2Bas%2Bsodomites%26pg%3DPT78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:40-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:40_87-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyesClarence-Smith2012" class="citation book cs1">Reyes, Raquel A. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-29721-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-29721-2"><bdi>978-1-136-29721-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Diversity+in+Asia%2C+c.+600+-+1950&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-07-26&rft.isbn=978-1-136-29721-2&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=Raquel+A.+G.&rft.au=Clarence-Smith%2C+William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuP57zh13BqQC%26dq%3D%2522Bento%2Bde%2BSal%2522%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:45-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:45_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:45_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusro2019" class="citation book cs1">Busro (2019-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=14zvDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Bento+de+Sal%22&pg=PA5">Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020)</a>. 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Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4461-8986-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4461-8986-3"><bdi>978-1-4461-8986-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dutch+Castaway+on+Ascension+Island+in+1725&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-4461-8986-3&rft.aulast=Ritsema&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9fv0AQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dadriaen%2Bspoor%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes2021" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Linda D. 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Austin Macauley Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5289-8165-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5289-8165-1"><bdi>978-1-5289-8165-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Rainbow%3A+A+Study+of+What+It+Really+Means+to+Be+Gay&rft.pub=Austin+Macauley+Publishers&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft.isbn=978-1-5289-8165-1&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Linda+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-jxnEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dadriaen%2Bspoor%26pg%3DPT43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeal2016" class="citation book cs1">Seal, Graham (2016-04-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qv6oCwAAQBAJ&dq=adriaen+spoor&pg=PA175">The Savage Shore: Extraordinary Stories of Survival and Tragedy from the Early Voyages of Discovery</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22325-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22325-5"><bdi>978-0-300-22325-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Savage+Shore%3A+Extraordinary+Stories+of+Survival+and+Tragedy+from+the+Early+Voyages+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft.isbn=978-0-300-22325-5&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQv6oCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dadriaen%2Bspoor%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpprecht2004" class="citation book cs1">Epprecht, Marc (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvxMq2hNzm0C&dq=%22drowned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA258">Hungochani: The History of a Dissident Sexuality in Southern Africa</a>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2751-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2751-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-2751-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungochani%3A+The+History+of+a+Dissident+Sexuality+in+Southern+Africa&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2751-5&rft.aulast=Epprecht&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvxMq2hNzm0C%26dq%3D%2522drowned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFensham2019" class="citation book cs1">Fensham, Charles (2019-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VvXvDwAAQBAJ&dq=Haspisperch&pg=PP199">Misguided Love: Christians and the Rupture of LGBTQI2+ People</a>. Journal of Pastoral Care Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7325655-3-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7325655-3-1"><bdi>978-1-7325655-3-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misguided+Love%3A+Christians+and+the+Rupture+of+LGBTQI2%2B+People&rft.pub=Journal+of+Pastoral+Care+Publications&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-7325655-3-1&rft.aulast=Fensham&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVvXvDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHaspisperch%26pg%3DPP199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_94-14">o</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFone2001" class="citation book cs1">Fone, Byrne (2001-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_nAQGxI_IC&dq=pascual+jaime&pg=PA202">Homophobia: A History</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42030-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42030-7"><bdi>978-0-312-42030-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homophobia%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2001-11-03&rft.isbn=978-0-312-42030-7&rft.aulast=Fone&rft.aufirst=Byrne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgL_nAQGxI_IC%26dq%3Dpascual%2Bjaime%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ShmAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22Tamme+Jansz%22&pg=RA1-PA141">Alle de copyen van indagingen, als mede alle de gedichten op de tegenwoordige tyd toepasselyk</a> (in Dutch). 1730.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alle+de+copyen+van+indagingen%2C+als+mede+alle+de+gedichten+op+de+tegenwoordige+tyd+toepasselyk&rft.date=1730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ShmAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Tamme%2BJansz%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFQ_pE7re_cC&dq=%22Tamme+Jansz%22&pg=PA80">Schouw-tooneel soo der geëxecuteerde als ingedaagde over de verfoeilyke misdaad van sodomie</a> (in Dutch). uitgever niet gekend. 1730.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schouw-tooneel+soo+der+ge%C3%ABxecuteerde+als+ingedaagde+over+de+verfoeilyke+misdaad+van+sodomie&rft.pub=uitgever+niet+gekend&rft.date=1730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBFQ_pE7re_cC%26dq%3D%2522Tamme%2BJansz%2522%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijnmond.nl/nieuws/126712/Schiedam-herdenkt-geexecuteerde-sodomist">"Schiedam herdenkt geëxecuteerde sodomist"</a>. Rijnmond. 7 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rijnmond&rft.atitle=Schiedam+herdenkt+ge%C3%ABxecuteerde+sodomist&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijnmond.nl%2Fnieuws%2F126712%2FSchiedam-herdenkt-geexecuteerde-sodomist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciekawostkihistoryczne.pl/2020/07/27/polscy-homoseksualisci-spaleni-na-stosie/">"Polscy homoseksualiści spaleni na stosie?"</a>. 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polscy+homoseksuali%C5%9Bci+spaleni+na+stosie%3F&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciekawostkihistoryczne.pl%2F2020%2F07%2F27%2Fpolscy-homoseksualisci-spaleni-na-stosie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron1973" class="citation book cs1">Baron, Salo Wittmayer (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2ZbxilOV4wC&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA250">Social and Religious History of the Jews - Late Middle Ages and Era of European Expansion, 1200-1650: Resettlement and Exploration</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-08852-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-08852-7"><bdi>978-0-231-08852-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+and+Religious+History+of+the+Jews+-+Late+Middle+Ages+and+Era+of+European+Expansion%2C+1200-1650%3A+Resettlement+and+Exploration&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-231-08852-7&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=Salo+Wittmayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di2ZbxilOV4wC%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgaña2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Egaña, Iñaki (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ADHFDfZ48IC&dq=%22Juce+Abolfa%C3%A7a%22&pg=PA369">Quién es quién en la historia del país de los vascos</a> (in Spanish). Txalaparta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8136-399-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8136-399-9"><bdi>978-84-8136-399-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qui%C3%A9n+es+qui%C3%A9n+en+la+historia+del+pa%C3%ADs+de+los+vascos&rft.pub=Txalaparta&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-84-8136-399-9&rft.aulast=Ega%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=I%C3%B1aki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ADHFDfZ48IC%26dq%3D%2522Juce%2BAbolfa%25C3%25A7a%2522%26pg%3DPA369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:34-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:34_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:34_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:34_108-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvajal2010" class="citation book cs1">Carvajal, Federico Garza (2010-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FakAAQAAQBAJ&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA59">Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico</a>. University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77994-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77994-5"><bdi>978-0-292-77994-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Butterflies+Will+Burn%3A+Prosecuting+Sodomites+in+Early+Modern+Spain+and+Mexico&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77994-5&rft.aulast=Carvajal&rft.aufirst=Federico+Garza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFakAAQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigafetta2007" class="citation book cs1">Pigafetta, Antonio (2007-12-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n24NlWkm65sC&q=sodomy">The First Voyage around the World (1519-1522): An Account of Magellan's Expedition</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9207-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9207-7"><bdi>978-1-4426-9207-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Voyage+around+the+World+%281519-1522%29%3A+An+Account+of+Magellan%27s+Expedition&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2007-12-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-9207-7&rft.aulast=Pigafetta&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn24NlWkm65sC%26q%3Dsodomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison1986" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Samuel Eliot (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JnotvLHX80gC&dq=magellan+sodomy+1519&pg=PA581">The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504222-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504222-1"><bdi>978-0-19-504222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Explorers%3A+The+European+Discovery+of+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504222-1&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJnotvLHX80gC%26dq%3Dmagellan%2Bsodomy%2B1519%26pg%3DPA581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiraldez2015" class="citation book cs1">Giraldez, Arturo (2015-03-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6mCGBwAAQBAJ&dq=magellan+sodomy+1519&pg=PA45">The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4352-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4352-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-4352-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Trade%3A+The+Manila+Galleons+and+the+Dawn+of+the+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4352-1&rft.aulast=Giraldez&rft.aufirst=Arturo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6mCGBwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmagellan%2Bsodomy%2B1519%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2016" class="citation book cs1">Kelsey, Harry (2016-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3tJDAAAQBAJ&dq=magellan+sodomy+1519&pg=PA20">The First Circumnavigators: Unsung Heroes of the Age of Discovery</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21778-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21778-0"><bdi>978-0-300-21778-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Circumnavigators%3A+Unsung+Heroes+of+the+Age+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21778-0&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db3tJDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmagellan%2Bsodomy%2B1519%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1976" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Jonathan (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/gayamericanhisto0000katz_g7x8">Gay American history : lesbians and gay men in the U.S.A. : A documentary</a>. Internet Archive. New York : Crowell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-690-01165-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-690-01165-4"><bdi>978-0-690-01165-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay+American+history+%3A+lesbians+and+gay+men+in+the+U.S.A.+%3A+A+documentary&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Crowell&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-690-01165-4&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgayamericanhisto0000katz_g7x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonter2003" class="citation book cs1">Monter, E. William (2003-11-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ROnDOB-HHVIC&q=Nicolas+Gonzales">Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisition from the Basque Lands to Sicily</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52259-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52259-5"><bdi>978-0-521-52259-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+Heresy%3A+The+Spanish+Inquisition+from+the+Basque+Lands+to+Sicily&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-11-13&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52259-5&rft.aulast=Monter&rft.aufirst=E.+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DROnDOB-HHVIC%26q%3DNicolas%2BGonzales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:50-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:50_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_115-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm2024" class="citation book cs1">Malcolm, Noel (2024-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6zpEAAAQBAJ">Forbidden Desire in Early Modern Europe: Male-Male Sexual Relations, 1400-1750</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-888633-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-888633-4"><bdi>978-0-19-888633-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forbidden+Desire+in+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+Male-Male+Sexual+Relations%2C+1400-1750&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.isbn=978-0-19-888633-4&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6zpEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:37-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:37_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2007" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Katherine (2007-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K7UdTdHwpgkC&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA205">European Sexualities, 1400-1800</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83958-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83958-7"><bdi>978-0-521-83958-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Sexualities%2C+1400-1800&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83958-7&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK7UdTdHwpgkC%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_118-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTortorici2018" class="citation book cs1">Tortorici, Zeb (2018-06-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=feFdDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22burned+for+sodomy%22&pg=PT85">Sins against Nature: Sex and Archives in Colonial New Spain</a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-7162-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-7162-5"><bdi>978-0-8223-7162-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sins+against+Nature%3A+Sex+and+Archives+in+Colonial+New+Spain&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2018-06-07&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-7162-5&rft.aulast=Tortorici&rft.aufirst=Zeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfeFdDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1980" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Mary Elizabeth (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0rIEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22burned+for+sodomy%22">Crime and Society in Early Modern Seville</a>. University Press of New England. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-177-2"><bdi>978-0-87451-177-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+Seville&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87451-177-2&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0rIEAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522burned%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'DonnellO'Rourke2005" class="citation book cs1">O'Donnell, K.; O'Rourke, M. (2005-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f6CJDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Jephat+Scheurmann%22&pg=PA95">Queer Masculinities, 1550-1800: Siting Same-Sex Desire in the Early Modern World</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52415-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52415-6"><bdi>978-0-230-52415-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queer+Masculinities%2C+1550-1800%3A+Siting+Same-Sex+Desire+in+the+Early+Modern+World&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005-09-27&rft.isbn=978-0-230-52415-6&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df6CJDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Jephat%2BScheurmann%2522%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunsWalter2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bruns, Claudia; Walter, Tilmann (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tv2FAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Jephat+Scheurmann%22">Von Lust und Schmerz: eine historische Anthropologie der Sexualität</a> (in German). Böhlau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-412-07303-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-412-07303-9"><bdi>978-3-412-07303-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Von+Lust+und+Schmerz%3A+eine+historische+Anthropologie+der+Sexualit%C3%A4t&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-412-07303-9&rft.aulast=Bruns&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.au=Walter%2C+Tilmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtv2FAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Jephat%2BScheurmann%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_122-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerginBetteridgeRobertsNaphy2002" class="citation book cs1">Bergin, Joseph; Betteridge, Tom; Roberts, Penny; Naphy, William G. (2002-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWfxedSoskUC&dq=Pierre+Jobert+Thibaud+Lespligny&pg=PA171">Sodomy in Early Modern Europe</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6115-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6115-8"><bdi>978-0-7190-6115-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sodomy+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-11&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6115-8&rft.aulast=Bergin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Betteridge%2C+Tom&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Penny&rft.au=Naphy%2C+William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWfxedSoskUC%26dq%3DPierre%2BJobert%2BThibaud%2BLespligny%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vmhFoGiBYA0C&dq=Bartholome+Tecia&pg=PA17">Crime, Histoire et Sociétés, 2009/1 et 2009/2</a> (in French). Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-600-01295-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-600-01295-9"><bdi>978-2-600-01295-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime%2C+Histoire+et+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s%2C+2009%2F1+et+2009%2F2&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.isbn=978-2-600-01295-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvmhFoGiBYA0C%26dq%3DBartholome%2BTecia%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubigné1989" class="citation book cs1">Aubigné, Agrippa d' (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T14nAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bartholom%C3%A9+Tecia%22">His Life, to His Children</a>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1682-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1682-2"><bdi>978-0-8032-1682-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+Life%2C+to+His+Children&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1682-2&rft.aulast=Aubign%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Agrippa+d%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT14nAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Bartholom%25C3%25A9%2BTecia%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jbq3">Judicial tribunals in England and Europe, 1200–1700: The trial in history, volume I</a>. Manchester University Press. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6342-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6342-8"><bdi>978-0-7190-6342-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jbq3">j.ctt155jbq3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judicial+tribunals+in+England+and+Europe%2C+1200%E2%80%931700%3A+The+trial+in+history%2C+volume+I&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt155jbq3%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6342-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt155jbq3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uzb.swisscovery.slsp.ch/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=41SLSP_UZB:UZB&docid=alma990055154750205508&lang=en&context=L">"[Am 28. Mai wurde ein in Frauenkleidern als Barbara Brunner auftretender Mann in Lenzburg verbrannt. Gleichentags wurde ein Mann zwischen Lenzburg und Aarau wegen Sodomie ermordet]"</a>. uzb.swisscovery.slsp.ch. 1586. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uzb.swisscovery.slsp.ch&rft.atitle=%5BAm+28.+Mai+wurde+ein+in+Frauenkleidern+als+Barbara+Brunner+auftretender+Mann+in+Lenzburg+verbrannt.+Gleichentags+wurde+ein+Mann+zwischen+Lenzburg+und+Aarau+wegen+Sodomie+ermordet%5D&rft.date=1586&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuzb.swisscovery.slsp.ch%2Fdiscovery%2Ffulldisplay%3Fvid%3D41SLSP_UZB%3AUZB%26docid%3Dalma990055154750205508%26lang%3Den%26context%3DL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRappaz2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rappaz, Sonia Vernhes (2009-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/chs/686?lang=fr">"La noyade judiciaire dans la République de Genève (1558-1619)"</a>. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies (in French). 13 (1): 5–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fchs.686">10.4000/chs.686</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1422-0857">1422-0857</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159549663">159549663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crime%2C+Histoire+%26+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+%2F+Crime%2C+History+%26+Societies&rft.atitle=La+noyade+judiciaire+dans+la+R%C3%A9publique+de+Gen%C3%A8ve+%281558-1619%29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-23&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159549663%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1422-0857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fchs.686&rft.aulast=Rappaz&rft.aufirst=Sonia+Vernhes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fchs%2F686%3Flang%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.executedtoday.com/2019/02/02/1610-pierre-canal-geneva-sodomite/">"ExecutedToday.com » 1610: Pierre Canal, Geneva sodomite"</a>. Retrieved 2022-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ExecutedToday.com+%C2%BB+1610%3A+Pierre+Canal%2C+Geneva+sodomite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.executedtoday.com%2F2019%2F02%2F02%2F1610-pierre-canal-geneva-sodomite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuestier1996" class="citation book cs1">Questier, Michael C. (1996-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JczSYC5riR4C&dq=%22hanged+for+sodomy%22&pg=PA72">Conversion, Politics and Religion in England, 1580-1625</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44214-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44214-5"><bdi>978-0-521-44214-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversion%2C+Politics+and+Religion+in+England%2C+1580-1625&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996-07-13&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44214-5&rft.aulast=Questier&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJczSYC5riR4C%26dq%3D%2522hanged%2Bfor%2Bsodomy%2522%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakeLakeQuestier2002" class="citation book cs1">Lake, Peter; Lake, Peter; Questier, Michael C. (2002-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ykgMLMDwt9YC&dq=Peter+Chambers+1608&pg=PA305">The Anti-Christ's Lewd Hat: Protestants, Papists and Players in Post-Reformation England</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08884-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08884-7"><bdi>978-0-300-08884-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Christ%27s+Lewd+Hat%3A+Protestants%2C+Papists+and+Players+in+Post-Reformation+England&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08884-7&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Lake%2C+Peter&rft.au=Questier%2C+Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DykgMLMDwt9YC%26dq%3DPeter%2BChambers%2B1608%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallock2000" class="citation book cs1">Hallock, John W. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3G_o28IZy-EC&dq=%22William+Plaine%22+1646&pg=PA24">The American Byron: Homosexuality and the Fall of Fitz-Greene Halleck</a>. Univ of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16804-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16804-9"><bdi>978-0-299-16804-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Byron%3A+Homosexuality+and+the+Fall+of+Fitz-Greene+Halleck&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-299-16804-9&rft.aulast=Hallock&rft.aufirst=John+W.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3G_o28IZy-EC%26dq%3D%2522William%2BPlaine%2522%2B1646%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodbeer2004" class="citation book cs1">Godbeer, Richard (2004-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xsAEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22John+Knight%22+1655+sodomy&pg=PA110">Sexual Revolution in Early America</a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7891-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7891-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-7891-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Revolution+in+Early+America&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2004-02-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7891-6&rft.aulast=Godbeer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xsAEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522John%2BKnight%2522%2B1655%2Bsodomy%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice1896" class="citation book cs1">Office, Great Britain Public Record (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pRwFAAAAYAAJ&dq=Francis+Dilly+1679&pg=PA330">Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series ...</a> Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendar+of+State+Papers%2C+Colonial+Series+...&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman+%26+Roberts&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=Great+Britain+Public+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpRwFAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DFrancis%2BDilly%2B1679%26pg%3DPA330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-surrey-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-surrey_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-surrey_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106112709/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/surrey.html">"Surrey Assizes 1735-1799"</a>. Capital Punishment UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/surrey.html">the original</a> on January 6, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capital+Punishment+UK&rft.atitle=Surrey+Assizes+1735-1799&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalpunishmentuk.org%2Fsurrey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Rictor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707083624/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1743king.htm">"The Execution of Hunt and Collins, 1743"</a>. Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1743king.htm">the original</a> on July 7, 2014. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homosexuality+in+Eighteenth-Century+England%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=The+Execution+of+Hunt+and+Collins%2C+1743&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Rictor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frictornorton.co.uk%2Feighteen%2F1743king.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Rictor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707213739/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/bristol1.htm">"Bristol Gaol Delivery Fiats"</a>. Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/bristol1.htm">the original</a> on July 7, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homosexuality+in+Eighteenth-Century+England%3A+A+Sourcebook+compiled+by+Rictor+Norton&rft.atitle=Bristol+Gaol+Delivery+Fiats&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Rictor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frictornorton.co.uk%2Feighteen%2Fbristol1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Rictor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724210007/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1752news.htm">"Newspaper Reports, 1752"</a>. Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1752news.htm">the original</a> on July 24, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homosexuality+in+Eighteenth-Century+England%3A+A+Sourcebook+compiled+by+Rictor+Norton&rft.atitle=Newspaper+Reports%2C+1752&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Rictor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frictornorton.co.uk%2Feighteen%2F1752news.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Rictor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601211447/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1753news.htm">"Newspaper Reports, 1753"</a>. Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook Compiled by Rictor Norton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1753news.htm">the original</a> on June 1, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homosexuality+in+Eighteenth-Century+England%3A+A+Sourcebook+Compiled+by+Rictor+Norton&rft.atitle=Newspaper+Reports%2C+1753&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Rictor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frictornorton.co.uk%2Feighteen%2F1753news.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outstoriesbristol.org.uk/map/#osb/kyp/72/details">"Map"</a>. OutStories Bristol. 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2020-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OutStories+Bristol&rft.atitle=Map&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutstoriesbristol.org.uk%2Fmap%2F%23osb%2Fkyp%2F72%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Also reported as William Critichett (alternative spelling given by Bristol Gaol delivery fiats), William Pritchard (newspaper reports, 1752) and William Crutchard (newspaper reports, 1753) </li> <li id="cite_note-coventry-141"><a href="#cite_ref-coventry_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502100123/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/coventry.html">"Coventry 1735-1799"</a>. Capital Punishment UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/coventry.html">the original</a> on May 2, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capital+Punishment+UK&rft.atitle=Coventry+1735-1799&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalpunishmentuk.org%2Fcoventry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Rictor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529041103/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1755news.htm">"Newspaper Reports, 1755-1760"</a>. Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton. 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Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1776news.htm">the original</a> on February 6, 2015. 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Pen and Sword History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5563-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5563-6"><bdi>978-1-5267-5563-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+Sexuality+in+Georgian+Britain&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+History&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-5563-6&rft.aulast=Rendell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBDsTEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJohn%2BWesterman%2BAfricaine%26pg%3DPT200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+executed+for+homosexuality+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson2017" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, James (2017-10-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XjdjDwAAQBAJ&dq=John+Westerman+Africaine&pg=PT196">Dark Days of Georgian Britain: Rethinking the Regency</a>. 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(In French)</li> <li>Stefano Bolognini & Giovanni Dall'Orto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikipink.org/index.php?title=Condanne_capitali_per_sodomia_in_Italia">List of executions for sodomy in Italy</a> (1293-1782) (in Italian), "WikiPink".</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British colonies (<a href="/wiki/Section_377" title="Section 377">Section 377</a>, 1860–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (1860–, with caning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Uganda">Uganda</a> (1894–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invalidated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality_in_Ecuador" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (1871-<a href="/wiki/Case_No._111-97-TC" title="Case No. 111-97-TC">1997</a>)</li> <li>India (<a href="/wiki/Section_377_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code">Section 377</a>, 1861–2018)</li> <li>Sri Lanka (<a href="/wiki/Article_365_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Penal_Code" title="Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code">Article 365</a>, 1883–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Repealed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_same-sex_sexual_activity_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Legality of same-sex sexual activity in Australia">Australia</a> (1975/1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_homosexuality_in_Brazil" title="Legal status of homosexuality in Brazil">Brazil</a> (1533–1830)</li> <li>Canada (?–<a href="/wiki/Criminal_Law_Amendment_Act,_1968%E2%80%9369" title="Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69">1969</a>)</li> <li>Cyprus (<a href="/wiki/Section_171_of_the_Criminal_Code_of_Cyprus" title="Section 171 of the Criminal Code of Cyprus">Section 171</a>, 1929–1998)</li> <li>Germany (<a href="/wiki/Paragraph_175" title="Paragraph 175">Paragraph 175</a>, 1871–1969/1994)</li> <li>New Zealand (1840–<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Law_Reform_Act_1986" title="Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986">1986</a>)</li> <li>Singapore (<a href="/wiki/Section_377A_of_the_Penal_Code_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377A of the Penal Code (Singapore)">Section 377A</a>, 1938–2007/2022)</li> <li>Norway (<a href="/wiki/Section_213_of_the_Norwegian_Penal_Code" title="Section 213 of the Norwegian Penal Code">Section 213</a>, ?–1972)</li> <li>Romania (<a href="/wiki/Article_200" title="Article 200">Article 200</a>, 1968–1996/2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">Russia</a> (1832–1917, 1933–1993)</li> <li>South Africa (<a href="/wiki/Section_20A" title="Section 20A">Section 20A</a>, 1969–2007)</li> <li>United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">1533</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967">1967</a>/<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">1982</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">Decriminalization of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia#LGBT_rights" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_people" title="Template:LGBTQ people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ_people" title="Template talk:LGBTQ people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Lists of LGBTQ people">Overall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_Jews" title="List of LGBT Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT Catholics">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_politicians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of LGBT politicians in the United Kingdom">Politicians in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="List of LGBT ambassadors of the United States">Ambassadors of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of LGBTQ members of the United States Congress">Members of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_openly_LGBT_heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="List of openly LGBT heads of government">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of LGBT holders of political offices in the Netherlands">Political officials in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTI_holders_of_political_offices_in_Australia" title="List of LGBTI holders of political offices in Australia">Political officials in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices">First holders of political offices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in Canada">In Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in the United Kingdom">In the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBTQ_holders_of_political_offices_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBTQ holders of political offices in the United States">In the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_Academy_Award_winners_and_nominees" title="List of LGBT Academy Award winners and nominees">Academy Award winners and nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_sportspeople" title="List of LGBT sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_artists" title="List of LGBT artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_writers" title="List of LGBTQ writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_YouTubers" title="List of LGBT YouTubers">YouTubers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_state_supreme_court_justices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT state supreme court justices">Supreme court justices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-heterosexuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pansexual_people" title="List of pansexual people">Pansexuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_identify_as_sexually_fluid" title="List of people who identify as sexually fluid">Sexually fluid people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_filmmakers" title="List of lesbian filmmakers">Lesbian filmmakers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="LGB" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people">LGB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_A" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_Ba%E2%80%93Bh" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Ba–Bh">Ba–Bh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_Bi%E2%80%93Bz" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Bi–Bz">Bi–Bz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_C" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_D%E2%80%93E" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: D–E">D–E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_F" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: F">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_G" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_H" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_I%E2%80%93J" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: I–J">I–J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_K" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_L" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_M" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_N%E2%80%93O" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: N–O">N–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_P%E2%80%93Q" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: P–Q">P–Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_R" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: R">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_Sa%E2%80%93Sc" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Sa–Sc">Sa–Sc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_Sd%E2%80%93Si" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Sd–Si">Sd–Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_Sj%E2%80%93Sz" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Sj–Sz">Sj–Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_T%E2%80%93V" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: T–V">T–V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay,_lesbian_or_bisexual_people:_W%E2%80%93Z" title="List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: W–Z">W–Z</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bisexuals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_bisexual_people" title="Lists of bisexual people">Bisexuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_people_(A%E2%80%93F)" title="List of bisexual people (A–F)">A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_people_(G%E2%80%93M)" title="List of bisexual people (G–M)">G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_people_(N%E2%80%93S)" title="List of bisexual people (N–S)">N–S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_people_(T%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of bisexual people (T–Z)">T–Z</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">Transgender people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Murder victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political office-holders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">Intersex persons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_aromantic_spectrum" title="List of people on the aromantic spectrum">Aromantic people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_asexual_spectrum" title="List of people on the asexual spectrum">Asexual people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_with_non-binary_gender_identities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people with non-binary gender identities">Non-binary people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-binary_writers" title="List of non-binary writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cross-dressers" title="Lists of cross-dressers">Cross-dressers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_cross-dressers" title="Wartime cross-dressers">Wartime cross-dressers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drag_kings" title="List of drag kings">Drag kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drag_queens" title="List of drag queens">Drag queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex%C3%B3ticos" title="List of exóticos">Exóticos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_androgynous_people" title="List of androgynous people">Androgynous people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people" title="List of suicides of LGBTQ people">LGBTQ-related suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_same-sex_married_couples" title="List of same-sex married couples">Same-sex married couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="List of LGBTQ rights activists">Rights activists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people" title="Category:LGBTQ people">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&oldid=1248389782#Spain">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_executed_for_homosexuality_in_Europe&oldid=1248389782#Spain</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_prosecuted_under_anti-homosexuality_laws" title="Category:People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws">People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_executed_for_sodomy" title="Category:People executed for sodomy">People executed for sodomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_executed_people" title="Category:Lists of executed people">Lists of executed people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_LGBTQ-related_people" title="Category:Lists of 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