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Qatar: Le projet de loi sur la presse devrait être révisé pour permettre de critiquer les dirigeants du pays | Human Rights Watch

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href="/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/10/30/qatar-le-projet-de-loi-sur-la-presse-devrait-tre-r-vis-pour-permettre-de-critiquer-l" title="Qatar: Le projet de loi sur la presse devrait être révisé pour permettre de critiquer les dirigeants du pays">Qatar: Le projet de loi sur la presse devrait être révisé pour permettre de critiquer les dirigeants du pays</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">Les poursuites contre un poète accusé d&#039;avoir insulté l&#039;émir devraient être abandonnées</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">30 octobre 2012</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a 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class="content"><div class="field field-type-link field-field-news-link"> <div class="field-label">More Coverage:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/en/middle-eastn-africa/qatar">PAGE QATAR (en anglais)</a> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/fr/middle-eastn-africa/qatar">PAGE QATAR (sélection en français)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> « L'attachement du Qatar à la liberté d'expression ne peut se mesurer qu'à travers ses lois, qui en l'occurrence ne sont pas conformes aux normes internationales auxquelles ce pays affirme adhérer. Au lieu de consacrer la liberté de la presse, ce projet de loi sur les médias constitue une adhésion au principe de la censure.» </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Joe Stork, directeur adjoint de la division Moyen-Orient à Human Rights Watch </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Beyrouth, le 30 octobre 2012) &shy;&ndash; L&#39;&eacute;mir du <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/fr/middle-eastn-africa/qatar"><u>Qatar</u></a>&nbsp;ne devrait pas avaliser un projet de loi sur la presse, &agrave; moins qu&#39;il ne soit d&eacute;barrass&eacute; de certaines dispositions aux termes vagues qui criminalisent la critique du Qatar ou des gouvernements des pays voisins, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Human Rights Watch aujourd&#39;hui. S&#39;il prenait force de loi, ce projet consacrerait une politique de deux poids, deux mesures en mati&egrave;re de libert&eacute; d&#39;expression, qui serait incompatible avec la pr&eacute;tention du Qatar &agrave; &ecirc;tre un porte-drapeau de la libert&eacute; de la presse dans la r&eacute;gion.<br/> <br/> Le projet de loi, qui a &eacute;t&eacute; approuv&eacute; en juin 2012 par le Conseil de la Choura, l&#39;organe l&eacute;gislatif du Qatar, est la premi&egrave;re tentative de modification des lois r&eacute;gissant la presse du pays depuis que l&#39;&eacute;mir du Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani,a cr&eacute;&eacute; en 2008 &agrave; Doha le Centre pour la libert&eacute; de la presse, dans le but de promouvoir la libert&eacute; des m&eacute;dias et le journalisme de qualit&eacute; au Qatar et dans la r&eacute;gion. Bien que le projet de loi pr&eacute;voie l&#39;abolition des sanctions p&eacute;nales pour les violations des lois sur la presse, les dispositions, r&eacute;dig&eacute;es en termes tr&egrave;s g&eacute;n&eacute;raux, de l&#39;article 53 interdisent de publier ou de diffuser des informations susceptibles de &laquo; <em>semer la confusion dans les relations entre l&#39;&Eacute;tat et les pays arabes et amis</em> &raquo; ou de constituer &laquo; <em>une insulte pour le r&eacute;gime ou une offense pour la famille royale ou la source de graves dommages pour les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts nationaux ou les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts sup&eacute;rieurs de l&#39;&Eacute;tat</em> &raquo;. Les contrevenants seraient passibles de lourdes sanctions financi&egrave;res pouvant atteindre un million de riyals qataris (275.000 dollars).<br/> <br/> <em>&laquo; L&#39;attachement du Qatar &agrave; la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression ne peut se mesurer qu&#39;&agrave; travers ses lois, qui en l&#39;occurrence ne sont pas conformes aux normes internationales auxquelles ce pays affirme adh&eacute;rer &raquo;</em>, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/bios/joe-stork"><u>Joe Stork</u></a>, directeur adjoint de la division Moyen-Orient &agrave; Human Rights Watch. <em>&laquo; Au lieu de consacrer la libert&eacute; de la presse, ce projet de loi sur les m&eacute;dias constitue une adh&eacute;sion au principe de la censure.</em><em>&raquo;</em><br/> <br/> Le sort d&#39;un po&egrave;te emprisonn&eacute; pour un an illustre les dangers auxquels est expos&eacute;e la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression au Qatar, a ajout&eacute; Human Rights Watch. La prochaine audience judiciaire dans cette affaire est pr&eacute;vue pour le 29 novembre.<br/> <br/> L&#39;article 53 compl&egrave;te et renforce l&#39;article 134 du code p&eacute;nal du Qatar, qui rend toute critique de l&#39;&eacute;mir passible d&#39;une peine de cinq ans de prison. Le code p&eacute;nal, ainsi que le projet de loi sur la presse, sont contraires aux normes internationales en mati&egrave;re de libert&eacute; d&#39;expression, qui garantissent le droit de critiquer les autorit&eacute;s et les politiques des gouvernements.<br/> <br/> Al Jazeera, le r&eacute;seau d&#39;informations cr&eacute;&eacute; en 1996 par Sheikh Hamad, a &eacute;t&eacute; tr&egrave;s en vue dans sa couverture de la plupart des soul&egrave;vements populaires survenus au Moyen-Orient depuis d&eacute;cembre 2010. Mais le projet de loi sur les m&eacute;dias obligerait les journalistes bas&eacute;s au Qatar &agrave; pratiquer le type d&#39;autocensure qui caract&eacute;rise le journalisme dans de nombreux pays de la r&eacute;gion du Golfe, a soulign&eacute; Human Rights Watch.<br/> <br/> L&#39;emprisonnement du po&egrave;te qatari Muhammad Ibn al-Dheeb al-Ajami, depuis novembre 2011, apporte une preuve suppl&eacute;mentaire de la politique de deux poids, deux mesures pratiqu&eacute;e par le Qatar en mati&egrave;re de libert&eacute; d&#39;expression. Le 22 octobre, un juge a ajourn&eacute; pour la cinqui&egrave;me fois le proc&egrave;s de Muhammad al-Dheeb. Ce dernier est sous le coup d&#39;une accusation d&#39; &laquo; <em>incitation au renversement du r&eacute;gime</em> &raquo;, passible de la peine de mort aux termes de l&#39;article 130 du code p&eacute;nal.<br/> <br/> Les responsables qataris n&#39;ont pas indiqu&eacute; clairement sur quoi &eacute;tait fond&eacute;e l&#39;accusation. Muhammad al-Dheeb avait lou&eacute; les r&eacute;volutions populaires dans la r&eacute;gion. Dans un po&egrave;me intitul&eacute; &laquo; Le jasmin tunisien &raquo;, qu&#39;il a r&eacute;cit&eacute; puis t&eacute;l&eacute;charg&eacute; sur internet en janvier 2011, il exprimait son soutien au soul&egrave;vement en Tunisie, affirmant, &laquo; <em>Nous sommes tous la Tunisie, confront&eacute;s &agrave; des cliques r&eacute;pressives</em> &raquo;, et critiquant &laquo; <em>tous les gouvernements arabes</em> &raquo; comme &eacute;tant &laquo; <em>des voleurs syst&eacute;matiques</em> &raquo;. Pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment, al-Dheeb avait r&eacute;cit&eacute; un po&egrave;me mis en ligne sur internet en ao&ucirc;t 2010 et qui contenait des passages insultants pour l&#39;&eacute;mir. Dans aucun de ces deux cas, il n&#39;existe de preuves qu&#39;il ait outrepass&eacute; l&#39;exercice l&eacute;gitime de son droit &agrave; la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression, a affirm&eacute; Human Rights Watch.<br/> <br/> Le droit international affirme explicitement la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; que les responsables gouvernementaux tol&egrave;rent davantage de critiques que les citoyens ordinaires. Cette distinction est dans l&#39;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t du public en ce qu&#39;elle rend plus difficile d&#39;&eacute;touffer tout d&eacute;bat sur les questions relatives &agrave; la gouvernance. Bien que le Qatar n&#39;ait pas ratifi&eacute; le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, le Comit&eacute; des droits de l&#39;homme des Nations Unies a publi&eacute; une interpr&eacute;tation qui fait autorit&eacute; des normes en mati&egrave;re de libert&eacute; d&#39;opinion et d&#39;expression contenues dans l&#39;article 19 du Pacte, stipulant clairement qu&#39;insulter une personnalit&eacute; officielle ne doit pas &ecirc;tre passible de punition et affirmant que tous les personnages publics, &laquo; <em>y compris ceux qui exercent les plus hautes fonctions politiques comme les chefs d&#39;Etat ou de gouvernement</em>&raquo;, peuvent l&eacute;gitimement &ecirc;tre soumis &agrave; la critique.<br/> <br/> L&#39;article 47 de la constitution du Qatar garantit les libert&eacute;s d&#39;expression et d&#39;opinion, &laquo; <em>en conformit&eacute; avec les conditions et circonstances &eacute;tablies par la loi</em> &raquo;, et le Qatar s&#39;est engag&eacute; &agrave; respecter le droit &agrave; la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression d&eacute;fini par l&#39;article 32 de la Charte des &Eacute;tats arabes sur les droits humains, dont il est signataire.<br/> <br/> Dans l&#39;affaire concernant Muhammad al-Dheeb, dont la prochaine audience judiciaire est fix&eacute;e au 29 novembre, Human Rights Watch <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/09/06/letter-attorney-general-al-marri-detention-qatari-poet-muhammad-ibn-al-dheeb-al-ajam"><u>a appel&eacute;</u></a>&nbsp;le procureur de l&#39;&Eacute;tat du Qatar &agrave; garantir que la conduite du proc&egrave;s soit conforme aux normes internationales de r&eacute;gularit&eacute; des proc&eacute;dures et respecte le droit &agrave; un proc&egrave;s &eacute;quitable, et qu&#39;al-Dheeb ne soit pas poursuivi uniquement pour avoir exerc&eacute; son droit &agrave; la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression.<br/> <br/> <em>&laquo; Si le Qatar est s&eacute;rieux dans son intention de montrer la voie dans la r&eacute;gion en mati&egrave;re de libert&eacute; de la presse, il devrait retirer toutes les dispositions contestables contenues dans son projet de loi sur les m&eacute;dias et abandonner toutes les poursuites contre Muhammad Ibn al-Dheeb al-Ajami qui n&rsquo;ont &eacute;t&eacute; engag&eacute;es que suite &agrave; l&#39;exercice de sa libert&eacute; d&#39;expression &raquo;</em>, a conclu Joe Stork.</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/10/30" title="قطر – يجب مراجعة مشروع قانون الإعلام بما يسمح بانتقاد الحُكّام" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en last"><a href="/web/20130512061032/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/10/30/qatar-revise-draft-media-law-allow-criticism-rulers" title="Qatar: Revise Draft Media Law to Allow Criticism of Rulers" 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