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id="toc-Laws_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vestments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vestments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vestments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vestments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torah_instruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torah_instruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Torah instruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torah_instruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Priest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Priest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>High Priest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Priest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-four_kohanic_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-four_kohanic_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Twenty-four kohanic divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-four_kohanic_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualifications_and_disqualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualifications_and_disqualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Qualifications and disqualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualifications_and_disqualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern practice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern practice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synagogue_aliyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synagogue_aliyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Synagogue <i>aliyah</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synagogue_aliyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priestly_blessing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priestly_blessing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Priestly blessing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priestly_blessing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pidyon_haben_(redemption_of_the_firstborn)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pidyon_haben_(redemption_of_the_firstborn)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pidyon_haben_(redemption_of_the_firstborn)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marital_restrictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marital_restrictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Marital restrictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marital_restrictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bat_kohen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bat_kohen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bat kohen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bat_kohen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surnames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surnames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Surnames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surnames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Outside Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kohen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86_(%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="كاهن (يهودية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاهن (يهودية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="কোহেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোহেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Коени – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коени" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen" title="Cohen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cohen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koheno" title="Koheno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koheno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86" title="کوهن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen_(juda%C3%AFsme)" title="Cohen (judaïsme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cohen (judaïsme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%97%A8" title="코헨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코헨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քոհեններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քոհեններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacerdote_(ebraismo)" title="Sacerdote (ebraismo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sacerdote (ebraismo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F" title="כהן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כהן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohanit%C3%A1k" title="Kohaniták – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kohaniták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpisorona_jiosy" title="Mpisorona jiosy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpisorona jiosy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كهنة هارونيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كهنة هارونيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahin" title="Kahin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kahin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen" title="Cohen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cohen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen" title="Cohen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cohen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кохены – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кохены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kohen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Коген – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коген" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%86" title="کاہن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاہن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F" title="כהן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כהן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%AB" title="亞倫子孫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞倫子孫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q728973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hereditary priest in Judaism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Jewish and Samaritan surname, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Priesthood in Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span style="padding-left:15px;"> </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/60px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/120px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_priestly_descent" title="Presumption of priestly descent">Presumption of priestly descent</a></li></ul></div><br /><a href="/wiki/Priestly_covenant" title="Priestly covenant">Priestly covenant</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Roles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Redemption of the firstborn son</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tzaraath#Cause_and_treatment" title="Tzaraath"><i>Tzaraath</i> (skin disease and mildew)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Torah_instruction_of_the_Kohanim" title="The Torah instruction of the Kohanim">The Torah instruction of the Kohanim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Sacrifice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Incense_offering" title="Incense offering">Incense offering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_din_shel_Kohanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth din shel Kohanim">Beth din shel Kohanim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">Priestly divisions</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li></ul></div><br />(First Temple)<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shallum" title="Shallum">Shallum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a></li></ul></div><br />(Second Temple)<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua the High Priest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_the_Just" title="Simeon the Just">Simeon the Just</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Elisha_HaKohen" title="Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen">Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phannias_ben_Samuel" title="Phannias ben Samuel">Phannias ben Samuel</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-four_priestly_gifts" title="Twenty-four priestly gifts">Twenty-four priestly gifts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>The ten gifts given in the Temple</b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sin_offering" title="Sin offering">Sin offering</a></li><li>Guilt offering</li><li>Communal peace offering</li><li>Fowl sin offering</li><li>Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering</li><li>Oil from the offering for the leper</li><li>Bread from First Fruits</li><li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li><li>Leftovers of the <a href="/wiki/Meal_offering" class="mw-redirect" title="Meal offering">meal offering</a></li><li>Leftovers of the First Sheaf</li></ul></div>.<br /> <b>Four gifts given in Jerusalem</b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">Firstborn animal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fruits#Biblical" title="First Fruits">First fruits</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_offering_(Judaism)" title="Burnt offering (Judaism)">Burnt offering</a></li><li>Parts of the <a href="/wiki/Thank_offering" title="Thank offering">thank offering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a>'s offering</li></ul></div><br /> <b>Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem</b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terumah_(offering)" title="Terumah (offering)">Heave offering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Terumat_hamaaser" title="Terumat hamaaser">Heave offering of the Levite's tithe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">Dough offering</a></li><li>First shearing of the sheep</li><li><a href="/wiki/Foreleg,_cheeks_and_maw" title="Foreleg, cheeks and maw">Foreleg, cheeks and maw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Coins for redemption of the firstborn son</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Petter_Chamor" class="mw-redirect" title="Petter Chamor">Redemption of a donkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Herem_(priestly_gift)" title="Herem (priestly gift)">Dedication of property to a priest</a></li><li>Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year</li><li>The property of the foreigner with no heir</li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Priestly garments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">All Priests</a></b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_undergarments" title="Priestly undergarments">Undergarments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_tunic" title="Priestly tunic">Tunic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_turban" title="Priestly turban">Turban</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_sash" title="Priestly sash">Sash</a></li></ul></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a></b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_robe_(Judaism)" title="Priestly robe (Judaism)">Robe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_golden_head_plate" title="Priestly golden head plate">Frontlet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">Breastplate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urim_and_Thummim" title="Urim and Thummim">Urim and Thummim</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_mitzvah_of_sanctifying_the_Kohen" title="The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen">The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kohanic_disqualifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohanic disqualifications">Kohanic disqualifications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">Holy anointing oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kahen" title="Kahen">Kahen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Kohen" title="Bat-Kohen">Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zadok" title="Sons of Zadok">Sons of Zadok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_Kohen_defilement_by_the_dead" title="Prohibition of Kohen defilement by the dead">Contact by a kohen with a dead body</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/13_Kohanic_cities" title="13 Kohanic cities">13 Kohanic cities</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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/><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/120px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments"><img alt="Ten Commandments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/60px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/90px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/120px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="243" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/120px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/250px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Movements</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservadox" title="Conservadox">Conservadox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Ḥumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyyut" title="Piyyut">Piyutim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Law</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruch_HaShulchan" title="Aruch HaShulchan">Aruch HaShulchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Noahide laws</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Cities" title="Four Holy Cities">Holy cities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_holy_places" title="Category:Jewish holy places">places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_midrash" title="Beth midrash">Beth midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Holy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Important figures</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_rabbis" title="List of rabbis">Rabbinic sages</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_religious_occupations" title="Category:Jewish religious occupations">Religious roles</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">Posek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Rosh yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kohen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">education</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">Bar and bat mitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">Cheder</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ritual objects</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Sefer Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a><br /> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">Lulav</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadass" title="Hadass">Hadass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aravah_(Sukkot)" title="Aravah (Sukkot)">Arava</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kittel" title="Kittel">Kittel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartel" title="Gartel">Gartel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayers</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleinu" title="Aleinu">Aleinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehecheyanu" title="Shehecheyanu">Shehecheyanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachanun" title="Tachanun">Tachanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_Nidre" title="Kol Nidre">Kol Nidre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selichot" title="Selichot">Selichot (S'lichot)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Major holidays</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Pesach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism_and_other_religions" title="Category:Judaism and other religions">Other religions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_religious_pluralism" title="Jewish views on religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilegesh" title="Pilegesh">Pilegesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Judaism" title="Criticism of Judaism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_theology" title="Holocaust theology">Holocaust theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Muhammad" title="Jewish views on Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judaism" title="Template:Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judaism" title="Template talk:Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kohen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">כֹּהֵן</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kōhēn</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[koˈ(h)en]</a></span>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">כֹּהֲנִים</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kōhănīm</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ko(h)aˈnim]</a></span>) is the Hebrew word for "<a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>", used in reference to the Aaronic <a href="/wiki/Priest#Judaism" title="Priest">priesthood</a>, also called <b>Aaronites</b> or <b>Aaronides</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are traditionally believed, and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakhically</a> required, to be of direct <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal descent</a> from the biblical <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> (also <i>Aharon</i>), brother of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, and thus belong to the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leuchter2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leuchter2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> (and previously the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>), <i>kohanim</i> performed the Temple <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrificial offerings</a>, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">its destruction</a>, it seems that most of them joined the <a href="/wiki/Synagogal_Judaism" title="Synagogal Judaism">Synagogal Jewish movement</a> before adopting gradually <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, other types of Judaism, <a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Christianity_from_Judaism" title="List of converts to Christianity from Judaism">Christianity</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam_from_Judaism" title="List of converts to Islam from Judaism">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, <i>kohanim</i> retain a lesser though distinct status within <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Judaism</a>, including certain honors and restrictions. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Ethiopian Jewish</a> religious leaders are called <i><a href="/wiki/Kahen" title="Kahen">kahen</a>,</i> and do similar works to the kohanim.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>kohen</i> originally derives from a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Semitic root</a> common at least to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Semitic_languages" title="Central Semitic languages">Central Semitic languages</a>. In the ancient polytheistic religion of <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, the word for priest was <i>khn</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385857">.mw-parser-output .script-phoenician{font-family:"Noto Sans Phoenician",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤊𐤄𐤍</span>‎). The cognate <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كاهن</span></span> (<i>kāhin</i>) means "priest".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> <i>kohen</i> is used in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Bible</a> to refer to <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>, whether Jewish or pagan (such as the <i>kohanim</i> of <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Christian priests are referred to in modern Hebrew by the term <i>komer</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">כומר</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kohanim</i> can also refer to the Jewish nation as a whole, as in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0219.htm#6">Exodus 19:6</a>, where the whole of Israel is addressed as a "priestly kingdom (or: kingdom of priests) and a holy nation". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Targum_Yonatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Targum Yonatan">Targum Yonatan</a>, interpretive translations of the word <i>kohen</i> include "friend",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "master",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "servant".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other interpretations include "minister" (<a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_of_Rabbi_Ishmael" title="Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael">Mechilta</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yitro" title="Yitro">Parshah Jethro</a>, Exodus 18:1–20:23). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individuals_and_history">Individuals and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Individuals and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png/250px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png/500px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_29v_2.png 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of Aaron's lineage from the 1493 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Priestly_covenant" title="Priestly covenant">Priestly covenant</a></div> <p>The early books of the Bible mention several <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a> priests, such as <a href="/wiki/Potipherah" title="Potipherah">Potipherah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other priests of Egypt,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jethro" title="Jethro">Jethro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The non-Jewish priest <a href="/wiki/Melchitzedek" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchitzedek">Melchitzedek</a>, however, is described as worshipping the same God as <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Jewish sources even discuss the possibility that Melchitzedek's family could have served as priests for the future Jewish nation, though in the end this did not happen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewish priests are first mentioned in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0219.htm#1">Exodus 19</a>. Here God offered the entire Jewish people the opportunity to become a symbolic "kingdom of priests and a holy nation".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More practically, though, in this chapter "the priests who approach the Lord" were warned to stay away from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> during the revelation of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity of these priests is not specified. According to many later Jewish sources, the firstborn son in each family served as priests, starting in the period of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical patriarchs">patriarchs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aht_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aht-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, shortly after the Sinai revelation, <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> and his sons were chosen to be the priests.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exclusive possession of the priesthood by Aaron's descendants was known as the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_covenant" title="Priestly covenant">priestly covenant</a>. Many commentators assert that the firstborns lost their status due to their participation in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> sin.<sup id="cite_ref-aht_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aht-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of reasons have been suggested for why Aaron and his descendants were chosen instead:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Due to Aaron's role in the Exodus, alongside Moses<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As reward for greeting Moses cheerfully (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0204.htm#14">Exodus 4:14</a>), willingly subordinating himself to Moses in the Exodus, even though he (Aaron) was the elder of the two brothers<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Because Aaron possessed a higher level of prophecy than anyone at the time except Moses himself<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a>, and possibly even Aaron's own family within that tribe, maybe have been chosen for Divine service even before the Exodus.<sup id="cite_ref-aht_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aht-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Because Moses himself was unsuitable to serve as priest, either for general reasons (e.g., the priestly duties would not have left Moses enough time for leadership and Torah instruction<sup id="cite_ref-ie_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or as punishment for trying to avoid his Divine mission in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0204.htm#13">Exodus 4:13</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Because Moses had a non-Israelite wife (<a href="/wiki/Tzipporah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzipporah">Tzipporah</a>), while Aaron's wife <a href="/wiki/Elisheba" title="Elisheba">Elisheba</a> was not only Israelite but noble (the sister of <a href="/wiki/Nahshon" title="Nahshon">Nahshon</a> prince of Judah), and thus more suitable to found the priestly family<sup id="cite_ref-ie_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, too, performed sacrificial services before the completion of Aaron's consecration,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arguably is once called a "priest" in the Bible,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his descendants were not priests.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Aaron was a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a>, priests are sometimes included in the term <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a>, by direct patrilineal descent. However, not all Levites are priests. </p><p>During the 40 years of wandering in the wilderness and until the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Holy Temple</a> was built in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, the priests performed their priestly service in the portable <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_(Judaism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabernacle (Judaism)">Tabernacle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_roles">Ancient roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laws_and_duties">Laws and duties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Laws and duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Priestly duties involved offering the Temple <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a>, and delivering the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a>. When the Temple existed, most sacrifices and offerings could only be conducted by priests. Non-priest Levites (i.e. those who descended from <a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a> but not from Aaron) performed a variety of other Temple roles, including <a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">ritual slaughter</a> of sacrificial animals, song service by use of voice and musical instruments, and various tasks in assisting the priests in performing their service. </p><p>The kohanim were not granted any ancestral land to own.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, they were compensated for their service to the nation and in the Temple through the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-four_kohanic_gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-four kohanic gifts">twenty-four kohanic gifts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these gifts are related to Temple sacrifices, or else the agricultural produce of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Terumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Terumah">terumah</a>). A notable gift which is given even in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> is the five <a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">shekels</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">pidyon haben</a></i> ceremony. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vestments">Vestments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vestments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biblical_clothing" title="Biblical clothing">Biblical clothing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg/250px-LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg/330px-LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg/500px-LEV_8-_High_priest_in_robes_and_breastplate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>The high priest in his golden garments (the chain <a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">censer</a> depicted is anachronistic).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kohenbreastplate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kohenbreastplate.jpg/250px-Kohenbreastplate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Kohenbreastplate.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">priestly breastplate</a> of the high priest.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_priests.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jewish_priests.jpg/250px-Jewish_priests.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jewish_priests.jpg/330px-Jewish_priests.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jewish_priests.jpg/500px-Jewish_priests.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>Kohen, <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel"><i>Kohen Gadol</i></a> and a <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levite</a> (Charles Foster, 1873)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> provides for specific vestments to be worn by the priests when they are ministering in the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>: "And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for dignity and for beauty".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These garments are described in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#1">Exodus 28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0239.htm#1">Exodus 39</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0308.htm#1">Leviticus 8</a>. The high priest wore eight holy garments (<i>bigdei kodesh</i>). Of these, four were of the same type worn by all priests and four were unique to the high priest. </p><p>Those vestments which were common to all priests were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_undergarments" title="Priestly undergarments">Priestly undergarments</a> (Hebrew <i>michnasayim</i>, breeches): <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> pants reaching from the waist to the knees "to cover their nakedness" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#42">Exodus 28:42</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_tunic" title="Priestly tunic">Priestly tunic</a> (Hebrew <i>ketonet</i>, tunic): made of pure linen, covering the entire body from the neck to the feet, with sleeves reaching to the wrists. That of the high priest was embroidered, those of the priests were plain.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_sash" title="Priestly sash">Priestly sash</a> (Hebrew <i>avnet</i>, sash): that of the high priest was of fine linen with "<a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidered work</a>" in blue and purple and scarlet (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#39">Exodus 28:39</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0239.htm#29">39:29</a>); those worn by the priests were of white, twined linen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_turban" title="Priestly turban">Priestly turban</a> (Hebrew <i>mitznefet</i>): that of the high priest was much larger than that of the priests and wound so that it formed a broad, flat-topped turban; that for priests was wound so that it formed a cone-shaped turban, called a <i>migbahat</i>.</li></ul> <p>The vestments that were unique to the high priest were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_robe_(Judaism)" title="Priestly robe (Judaism)">Priestly robe</a> (<i>me'il</i>): a sleeveless, blue robe, the lower hem of which was fringed with small golden bells alternating with <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>-shaped tassels in blue, purple, and scarlet—<i><a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">tekhelet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrian_purple" title="Tyrian purple">argaman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tolaat_shani" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolaat shani">tolaat shani</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a>: a richly embroidered vest or apron with two <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a> <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">engraved gemstones</a> on the shoulders, on which were engraved the names of the tribes of Israel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">Priestly breastplate</a> (Hebrew <i>hoshen</i>): with twelve precious and semi-precious stones, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes; a pouch in which he probably carried the <a href="/wiki/Urim_and_Thummim" title="Urim and Thummim">Urim and Thummim</a> (objects of unclear nature used for divination). The <i>hoshen</i> was fastened to the Ephod.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_golden_head_plate" title="Priestly golden head plate">Priestly headplate</a> (Hebrew <i>tzitz</i>): worn on the front of the turban, and inscribed with the words: "<a href="/wiki/Q-D-%C5%A0" title="Q-D-Š">Holy</a> unto <a href="/wiki/YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="YHWH">YHWH</a>".</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg/250px-Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg/330px-Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg/500px-Macoy_Masonic_Hebrew_with_text_1868_p134.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><i>Qodeš l-Yahweh</i> (<a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a>), "Holy to <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>", an inscription worn on the forehead of the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the above "golden garments", the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">high priest</a> also had a set of white "linen garments" (<i>bigdei ha-bad</i>) which he wore only for the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_Temple_service" title="Yom Kippur Temple service">Yom Kippur Temple service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The linen garments were only four in number, corresponding to the garments worn by all priests (undergarments, tunic, sash and turban), but made only of white linen, with no embroidery. They could be worn only once, new sets being made each year. </p><p>A priest would serve barefoot in the Temple, and would immerse in a <a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">mikvah</a> before vesting, and wash his hands and his feet before performing any sacred act. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> teaches that priests were only fit to perform their duties when wearing their priestly vestments,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the vestments achieve <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atonement</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a>, just as <a href="/wiki/Korbanot" class="mw-redirect" title="Korbanot">sacrifices</a> do.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_golden_head_plate" title="Priestly golden head plate">Priestly golden head plate</a> <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoned</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> of arrogance on the part of the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">B</a>.<a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a> 88b) and she also symbolizes that the high priest bears the lack of all the offerings and gifts of the sons of Israel. And it must be constantly on his head for the good pleasure of God towards them (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#38">Exodus 28:38</a>). </p> <ul><li>According to the Talmud, the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_turban" title="Priestly turban">Priestly turban</a> <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoned</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> of haughtiness on the part of the Children of Israel (B. <a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a> 88b).</li> <li>According to the Talmud, the wearing of the Priestly <a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">ephod</a> <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoned</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">sin of idolatry</a> on the part of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to the Talmud, the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_sash" title="Priestly sash">Priestly sash</a> <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoned</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sins</a> of the heart" (impure thoughts) on the part of the Children of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to the Talmud, the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_tunic" title="Priestly tunic">Priestly tunic</a> and the rest of the priestly garments <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atoned</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> of bloodshed on the part of the Children of Israel (B.<a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a> 88b).</li> <li>According to the Talmud, the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_undergarments" title="Priestly undergarments">Priestly undergarments</a> <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">atone</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> of sexual transgressions on the part of the Children of Israel (B.Zevachim 88b).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torah_instruction">Torah instruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Torah instruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Torah_instruction_of_the_Kohanim" title="The Torah instruction of the Kohanim">The Torah instruction of the Kohanim</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg/250px-%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg/330px-%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg/500px-%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A group of kohanim studying the <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishnayot</a> laws of <a href="/wiki/Keilim" title="Keilim">Keilim</a> in anticipation of the rebuilding of the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hamikdash" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Hamikdash">Beit Hamikdash</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous Biblical passages attest to the role of the priests in teaching <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> to the people and in issuing judgment. Later rabbinic statements elaborate on these roles. However, the priest's religious authority is not automatic: even a <a href="/wiki/Mamzer" title="Mamzer">bastard</a> who is a scholar takes precedence over an ignorant <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">high priest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Priest">High Priest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: High Priest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></div> <p>In every generation when the Temple was standing, one kohen would be singled out to perform the functions of the High Priest (Hebrew <i>kohen gadol</i>). His primary task was the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Day of Atonement</a> service. Another unique task of the high priest was the offering of a daily meal sacrifice; he also held the prerogative to supersede any priest and offer any offering he chose. Although the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> retains a procedure to select a High Priest when needed, in the absence of the Temple in Jerusalem, there is no High Priest in Judaism today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-four_kohanic_divisions">Twenty-four kohanic divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Twenty-four kohanic divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">Priestly divisions</a></div> <p>According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a24.htm#3">1 Chronicles 24:3–5</a>, King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> divided the priests into 24 <a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">priestly divisions</a> (Heb. משמרות, <i>mishmarot</i>). Each division would perform the Temple service for one week in a 24-week cycle, with all divisions eligible to serve on holidays. According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, this was an expansion of a previous division, by Moses, into 8 (or 16) divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, and the displacement to the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> of the bulk of the remaining Jewish population after the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a>, Jewish tradition in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and poems from the period record that the descendants of each priestly watch established a separate residential seat in towns and villages of the Galilee, and maintained this residential pattern for at least several centuries in anticipation of the reconstruction of the Temple and reinstitution of the cycle of priestly courses. In subsequent years, there was a custom of publicly recalling every <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> in the synagogues the courses of the priests, a practice that reinforced the prestige of the priests' lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this destruction, it seems that most of them joined the <a href="/wiki/Synagogal_Judaism" title="Synagogal Judaism">Synagogal Jewish movement</a> ; before being gradually converted towards <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualifications_and_disqualifications">Qualifications and disqualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Qualifications and disqualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kohanic_disqualifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohanic disqualifications">Kohanic disqualifications</a></div> <p>Although kohanim may assume their duties once they reached physical maturity, the fraternity of kohanim generally would not allow young kohanim to begin service until they reached the age of twenty<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or thirty.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no mandatory retirement age. Only when a kohen became physically infirm could he no longer serve.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A kohen may become disqualified from performing his service for a host of reasons, including <a href="/wiki/Tumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumah">ritual impurity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prohibited marriages, and certain physical blemishes.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kohen is never permanently disqualified from service, but may return to his normal duties once the disqualification ceases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_practice">Modern practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, Jewish priests have not performed sacrificial services. However, they retain a formal and public ceremonial role in synagogue prayer services, as well as some other unique religious duties and privileges. These special roles have been maintained in <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>, and sometimes in <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a> does not afford any special status or recognition to kohanim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synagogue_aliyah">Synagogue <i>aliyah</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Synagogue aliyah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aliyah_(Torah)#Kohen_and_Levi_aliyot" title="Aliyah (Torah)">Aliyah (Torah) § Kohen and Levi aliyot</a></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah reading</a> is performed in synagogue, it is divided into a number of sections. Traditionally, a kohen (if one is present) is called for the first section (<i>aliyah</i>), a Levite for the second reading, and an "Israelite" (non-kohen, non-levite) for all succeeding portions. If no Levite is present, the kohen is called for the second aliyah as well. The <a href="/wiki/Maftir" title="Maftir">Maftir</a> portion may be given to someone from any of the three groups. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG/250px-Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG/375px-Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG/500px-Birkhat_cohanim_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Large crowds congregate on <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> to receive the priestly blessing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg/250px-Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg/330px-Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg/500px-Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2522" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Blessing gesture depicted on the gravestone of Rabbi Meschullam Kohn (1739–1819), who was a kohen</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priestly_blessing">Priestly blessing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Priestly blessing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priestly_blessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Priestly blessing">Priestly blessing</a></div> <p>The kohanim participating in an Orthodox and some other styles of traditional Jewish prayer service also deliver the priestly blessing during the repetition of the <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They perform this service by standing and facing the crowd in the front of the congregation, with their arms held outwards and their hands and fingers in a specific formation, with a Jewish prayer shawl or <a href="/wiki/Talit" class="mw-redirect" title="Talit">Talit</a> covering their heads and outstretched hands so that their fingers cannot be seen. Kohanim living in Israel and many Sephardic Jews living in areas outside Israel deliver the priestly blessing daily; Ashkenazi Jews living outside Israel deliver it only on major Jewish holidays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pidyon_haben_(redemption_of_the_firstborn)"><span id="Pidyon_haben_.28redemption_of_the_firstborn.29"></span>Pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pidyon haben (redemption of the firstborn)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></div> <p>Outside the synagogue, the kohen leads the <i>pidyon haben</i> ceremony. This redemption of the first born son is based on the Torah commandment, "all the first-born of man among thy sons shalt thou redeem".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marital_restrictions">Marital restrictions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Marital restrictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#7">Leviticus 21:7</a> prohibits marriage between a kohen and certain classes of women. According to <a href="/wiki/Halakhah" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakhah">rabbinic law</a>, these classes include divorcees, non-Jews, converts (who were previously non-Jews), and women who have previously engaged in certain forbidden sexual relationships (even if involuntary, i. e., rape).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a kohen did have relations with any of these women, the offspring are described as "profaned" (male: <i>challal</i>, female: <i>challalah</i>); their status is nearly identical to a normal Jew, while the <i>challalah</i> herself is one of the categories which a kohen may not marry.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rape poses an especially poignant problem. The pain experienced by the families of kohanim who were required to divorce their wives as the result of the rapes accompanying the capture of Jerusalem is alluded to in this Mishnah: </p> <blockquote><p>If a woman were imprisoned by non-Jews concerning money affairs, she is permitted to her husband, but if for some capital offense, she is forbidden to her husband. If a town were overcome by besieging troops, all women of priestly stock found in it are ineligible [to be married to priests or to remain married to priests], but if they had witnesses, even a male or female slave, these may be believed. But no man may be believed for himself. Rabbi Zechariah ben Hakatsab said, "By this Temple, her hand did not stir from my hand from the time the non-Jews entered Jerusalem until they went out." They said to him: No man may give evidence of himself.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a> recognizes these rules as still binding, and Orthodox rabbis will not perform a marriage between a kohen and a divorced woman.<sup id="cite_ref-civil_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the attitude of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_rabbinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli rabbinate">Israeli rabbinate</a>, with the result that a kohen cannot legally marry a divorced or converted woman in the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>. (However, if such a marriage were performed outside Israel, it would be recognized as a valid marriage by the Israeli state.<sup id="cite_ref-civil_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> has issued an emergency <i>takanah</i> (rabbinical edict) temporarily suspending the application of the rules in their entirety, on the grounds that the high intermarriage rate threatens the survival of Judaism, and, hence, that any marriage between Jews is welcomed.<sup id="cite_ref-ra_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>takanah</i> declares that the offspring of such marriages are to be regarded as kohanim.<sup id="cite_ref-ra_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_laws">Other laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To this day, kohanim keep the prohibition (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#1">Leviticus 21:1–4</a>) against becoming <a href="/wiki/Tumah_and_taharah" title="Tumah and taharah">ritually impure</a> through proximity to a corpse (within the same room, at a cemetery, and elsewhere), except when the deceased is his immediate family member. Some Jewish cemeteries have special facilities to permit kohanim to participate in funerals or visit graves without becoming impure.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_priestly_descent" title="Presumption of priestly descent">presumption of priestly descent</a> is used to help identify kohanim. </p><p>Other Jews are commanded to <a href="/wiki/The_mitzvah_of_sanctifying_the_Kohen" title="The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen">respect the priesthood</a> in certain ways. One of these ways is that priests (and in their absence, occasionally Levites) are the first offered the opportunity to lead <a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a>. Unlike the general rule for aliyot, this offer - which is only a requirement according to some Rabbinic opinions - may be declined. There are other rules regarding the honoring of kohanim, even in the absence of the Temple, but generally these are waived (if they are even offered) by the kohen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bat_kohen">Bat kohen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bat kohen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bat-Kohen" title="Bat-Kohen">Bat-Kohen</a></div> <p><i>Kohen</i> is a status that traditionally refers to men, passed from father to son. However, a <i>bat kohen</i> (the daughter of a priest) holds a special status in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical literature">rabbinical texts</a>. She is entitled to a number of rights and is encouraged to abide by specified requirements, for example, entitlement to consume some of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-four_priestly_gifts" title="Twenty-four priestly gifts">priestly gifts</a>, and an increased value for her <a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">ketubah</a>. </p><p>In modern times, Orthodox and many Conservative rabbis maintain the position that only a man can act as a kohen, and that a daughter of a kohen is recognized as a <i>bat kohen</i> only in those limited ways that have been identified in the past. Accordingly, in Orthodox Judaism only men can perform the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a> and receive the first <i>aliyah</i> during the public Torah reading. </p><p>However, some Conservative rabbis give the kohen's daughter equal priestly status to a (male) kohen. As a result, some Conservative synagogues permit a kohen's daughter to perform the Priestly Blessing and the Pidyon HaBen ceremony, and to receive the first <i>aliyah</i> during the Torah reading. </p><p>Because most <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a> temples have abolished traditional tribal distinctions, roles, and identities on grounds of egalitarianism, a special status for a <i>bat kohen</i> has very little significance in these movements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Aaron" title="Y-chromosomal Aaron">Y-chromosomal Aaron</a></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosome</a> is inherited only from one's father (biological females have no Y chromosome), all direct male lineages share a common <a href="/wiki/Haplotype" title="Haplotype">haplotype</a>. Thus, if <i>kohanim</i> share a direct male lineage to Aaron, one would expect to see a high level of commonality among their <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosomes</a>. </p><p>Since 1997, a number of genetic studies have been done on this topic, using testing data from across sectors of the Jewish and non-Jewish populations. The results of these studies have been interpreted by various parties as either confirming or disproving the traditions of uniform descent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surnames">Surnames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Surnames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cohen_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohen (surname)">Cohen (surname)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname" title="Jewish surname">Jewish surname</a></div> <p>As both kohen status and (in many societies) last names are patrilineal, there is often a relationship between the two. But this is not always the case: although descendants of kohanim often bear surnames that reflect their genealogy, many families with the surname Cohen (or a variation) are not kohanim, nor even Jewish. Conversely, many kohanim do not have Cohen as a surname.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Names often associated with kohanim include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohen (surname)">Cohen</a>, also spelled <a href="/wiki/Kahn" title="Kahn">Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katz_(surname)" title="Katz (surname)">Katz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_abbreviations" title="Hebrew abbreviations">Hebrew abbreviation</a> of Kohen Tzedeq, "priest of justice"/"authentic priest")</li> <li><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%90%22%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:מזא"ה">Maze</a>, Mazo, Mazer (acronym of the Hebrew phrase <i>mi zera Aharon hakohen,</i> meaning "from the seed of Aaron the priest")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoulay" title="Azoulay">Azoulay</a> (acronym of the Hebrew phrase <i>ishah zonah ve'challelah lo yikachu,</i> meaning "a foreign [non-Israelite woman] or divorced [Israelite woman] shall not he take": a prohibition binding on kohanim, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#7">Leviticus 21:7</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahane" title="Kahane">Kahane</a> (Aramaic for <i>kohen</i><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <p>In contemporary Israel, "Moshe Cohen" is the equivalent of "John Smith" in English-speaking countries – i.e., proverbially the most common of names.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_Judaism">Outside Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Outside Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, either "literal descendants of Aaron", or worthy <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Melchizedek priesthood</a> holders have the legal right to constitute the <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Bishop_(LDS_Church)" title="Presiding Bishop (LDS Church)">Presiding Bishopric</a> under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/First_Presidency_(LDS_Church)" title="First Presidency (LDS Church)">First Presidency</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Doctrine_and_Covenants/Section_68#16" class="extiw" title="s:The Doctrine and Covenants/Section 68">Section 68:16–20</a>). To date, all men who have served on the Presiding Bishopric have been Melchizedek priesthood holders, and none have been publicly identified as descendants of Aaron. See also <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormonism and Judaism">Mormonism and Judaism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The positioning of the kohen's hands during the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a> was <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a>'s inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Spock" title="Spock">Mr. Spock's</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_salute" title="Vulcan salute">Vulcan salute</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">original <i>Star Trek</i> television series</a>. Nimoy, raised an Orthodox Jew (but not a kohen), used the salute when saying, "Live long and prosper." </p><p>The Priestly Blessing was used by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a> in his farewell blessing during "Whither Thou Goest", the closing song on his concerts. Leonard Cohen himself was from a kohen family. He also used the drawing of the Priestly Blessing as one of his logos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_antiquity" title="Descent from antiquity">Descent from antiquity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></i>, a similar title for descendants of Mohammad in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Priest" title="Wicked Priest">Wicked Priest</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aaronides">"Aaronides | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Aaronides+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Freligion%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Faaronides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leuchter2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leuchter2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Leuchter2021" class="citation web cs1">Mark Leuchter, Mark Leuchter (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetorah.com/article/how-all-kohanim-became-sons-of-aaron">"How All Kohanim Became Sons of Aaron"</a>. <i>TheTorah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheTorah.com&rft.atitle=How+All+Kohanim+Became+Sons+of+Aaron&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Mark+Leuchter&rft.aufirst=Mark+Leuchter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetorah.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-all-kohanim-became-sons-of-aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDowellNaiweldStökl_Ben_Ezra2021" class="citation book cs1">McDowell, Gavin; Naiweld, Ron; Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/1209"><i>Diversity and Rabbinization: Jewish Texts and Societies between 400 and 1000 CE</i></a>. Semitic Languages and Cultures. Vol. 7. Open Book Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11647%2Fobp.0219">10.11647/obp.0219</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78374-993-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78374-993-5"><bdi>978-1-78374-993-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+and+Rabbinization%3A+Jewish+Texts+and+Societies+between+400+and+1000+CE&rft.series=Semitic+Languages+and+Cultures&rft.pub=Open+Book+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11647%2Fobp.0219&rft.isbn=978-1-78374-993-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openbookpublishers.com%2Fproduct%2F1209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86/">كاهن in English</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verses that use the term to refer to non-Aaronides include: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#18">Genesis 14:18</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0141.htm#45">41:45,50</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0146.htm#20">46:20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0147.htm#22">47:22,26</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0202.htm#16">Exodus 2:16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0203.htm#1">3:1</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0218.htm#1">18:1</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0717.htm#5">Judges 17:5,10,12,13</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0718.htm#4">18:4–30</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a05.htm#5">1 Samuel 5:5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a06.htm#2">6:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a12.htm#31">1 Kings 12:31–32</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a13.htm#2">13:2,33</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b10.htm#11">2 Kings 10:11,19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b17.htm#32">17:32</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1148.htm#7">Jeremiah 48:7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1149.htm#3">49:3</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1507.htm#10">Amos 7:10</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25b13.htm#9">2 Chronicles 13:9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25b23.htm#17">23:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25b34.htm#5">34:5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.morfix.co.il/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8">מילון מורפיקס: פירוש כומר בעברית</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Targum_Yonatan/Melakhim_II/10.11#m7e3n7">Targum Yonatan, 2 Kings 10:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Targum_Yonatan/Amos/7.10#m7e3n7">Targum Yonatan, Amos 7:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Targum_Yonatan/Yirmeyahu/48.7#m7e3n7">Targum Yonatan, Jeremiah 48:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0141.htm#45">Genesis 41:45,50</a>, 46:20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0147.htm#22">Genesis 47:22,26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0202.htm#16">Exodus 2:16</a>, 3:1, 18:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#18">Genesis 14:18–20,22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a> 25:6; <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Nedarim.32b.7">Nedarim 32b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0219.htm#6">Exodus 19:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0219.htm#22">Exodus 19:22,24</a>; see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0224.htm#5">Exodus 24:5</a> where "the Israelite youths" offered sacrifices after this revelation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aht-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aht_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aht_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aht_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alhatorah.org/Selection_of_the_Priests_and_Levites/2">Selection of the Priests and Levites</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#1">Exodus 28:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0229.htm#9">29:9</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0418.htm#19">Numbers 18:19</a>; etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/db205f97/files/uploaded/008%20%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA%20%D7%AA%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%94%20%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94%20%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F%20%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94.pdf">הכהונה לאהרון ולא למשה–מדוע?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nissim_of_Gerona" title="Nissim of Gerona">Derashot Haran</a>, 3. Text: הנה שזכה אהרן למדרגה גדולה קרובה למדרגת הנבואה ולא עוד אלא שזכה בה לו ולזרעו. וכל זה בשכר שנתעסק עם מרע"ה בענין יציאת מצרים ולא נתקנא במשה</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shabbat 139a; Tanhuma</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Abarbanel/Shemot/28.1#m7e3n7">Abarbanel, Exodus 28:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ie-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ie_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ie_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Ibn_Ezra_Second_Commentary/Shemot/28.1#m7e3n7">Ibn Ezra Second Commentary, Exodus 28:1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Exodus_Rabbah" title="Exodus Rabbah">Exodus Rabbah</a> 37:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zevachim 102a; <a href="/wiki/Tanhuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanhuma">Tanhuma</a>, Shemini 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0224.htm#6">Exodus 24:6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0240.htm#31">40:31</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0308.htm#1">Leviticus 8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2699.htm#6">Psalms 99:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a23.htm#13">1 Chronicles 23:13–14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0401.htm#47">Numbers 1:47–54</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0403.htm#5">3:5–13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0403.htm#44">3:44–51</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0408.htm#5">8:5–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0418.htm#20">Numbers 18:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702160007/http://www.cohen-levi.org/temple_studies/order_of_the_temple_service.htm">"Order of the Temple Service"</a>. <i>Temple Studies</i>. Cohen-levi.org. Archived from the original on Jul 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Temple+Studies&rft.atitle=Order+of+the+Temple+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cohen-levi.org%2Ftemple_studies%2Forder_of_the_temple_service.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#2">Exodus 28:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#39">Exodus 28:39–40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0316.htm#4">Leviticus 16:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Zevachim.17b.6">Zevachim 17b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Zevachim.88b.5">Zevachim 88b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a></i> 88:B</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Zevachim" title="Zevachim">Zevachim</a> 88b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> Horayot 3:8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taanit 27a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bonfil" title="Robert Bonfil">Robert Bonfil</a>, <i>Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures</i>, Brill: Leiden 2012, p. 42 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004203556" title="Special:BookSources/9789004203556">9789004203556</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmud Bavli <a href="/wiki/Hullin" title="Hullin">Hullin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Chullin.24b.5">24b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, Hilchoth Klei HaMiqdash 5:15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dual/Chizkuni/Devarim/18.8#m7e3n7">Chizkuni, Deuteronomy 18:8</a>; similar to <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> who began working at age 30 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0404.htm#3">Numbers 4:3,30</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, Hilchoth Biath HaMiqdash 7:12, and Hilchoth Klei HaMiqdash 3:8 (Chullin 24b mentions no disqualification due to age)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0322.htm#3">Leviticus 22:3–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#17">Leviticus 21:17–23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text of this blessing is found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0406.htm#23">Numbers 6:23–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0213.htm#13">Exodus 13:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Hachinuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Hachinuch">Sefer Hachinuch</a>, 266-268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yishma'el Tanuji Ha-Kohen, <i>Sefer Ha-zikaron</i>, London 1974 (Hebrew)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ketubot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketubot">Ketubot</a> 2:9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civil-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-civil_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-civil_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104030003/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/israel/Contemporary_Life/Society_and_Religious_Issues/Freedom_of_Religion/civil_marriage_in_israel.shtml">Civil Marriage in Israel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ra-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ra_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ra_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127130257/http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/teshuvot/docs/19912000/goodman_marriageconvert.pdf">"Arnold Goodman, "Solemnizing the Marriage between a Kohen and a Convert"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/teshuvot/docs/19912000/goodman_marriageconvert.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arnold+Goodman%2C+%22Solemnizing+the+Marriage+between+a+Kohen+and+a+Convert%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbinicalassembly.org%2Fteshuvot%2Fdocs%2F19912000%2Fgoodman_marriageconvert.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127130736/http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/teshuvot/docs/19912000/goodman_marriagedivorcee.pdf">"Goodman, "Solemnizing the Marriage between a Kohen and a Divorcee"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/teshuvot/docs/19912000/goodman_marriagedivorcee.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goodman%2C+%22Solemnizing+the+Marriage+between+a+Kohen+and+a+Divorcee%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbinicalassembly.org%2Fteshuvot%2Fdocs%2F19912000%2Fgoodman_marriagedivorcee.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKohen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/885633/jewish/The-Kohens-Purity.htm">The Kohen's Purity</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/5061756/jewish/What-Does-the-Jewish-Last-Name-Cohen-Mean.htm">What Does the Jewish Last Name Cohen Mean?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Jastrow%2C_כָּהֵן.1">כָּהֵן, כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Klein" title="Isaac Klein">Isaac Klein</a> <i>A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice</i>, p. 387–388. (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> view prior to <i><a href="/wiki/Takkanah" title="Takkanah">takkanah</a></i> on kohen marriages.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Klein" title="Isaac Klein">Isaac Klein</a> <i>Responsa and Halakhic Studies</i>, p. 22–26. (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> view prior to <i>takkanah</i> on kohen marriages.)</li> <li><i>Proceedings of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Jewish_Law_and_Standards" title="Committee on Jewish Law and Standards">CJLS</a>: 1927–1970</i>, volume III, United Synagogue Book Service. (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a>)</li> <li><i>Mishnayoth:Seder Nashim.</i> Translated and Annotated by Philip Blackman. Judaica Press Ltd., 2000. pp. 134–135</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/kohen" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/kohen">kohen</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Priesthood_(Judaism)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Priesthood (Judaism)">Priesthood (Judaism)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kehuna.org/">Kehuna.org, the kohen's contemporary online resource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgedna.com/y-chromosomal-aaron-and-the-cohen-model-haplotype.php">Genetic Genealogy: Aaron and the Cohen Model Haplotype</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=261104">The Laws of Birchat Kohanim – the Priestly Blessing</a> <a href="/wiki/Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article.asp?AID=278051">Holy Matrimony? All about the kohen or Jewish priest's prohibitions in marriage.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cohen-levi.org/">The Cohen-Levi Family Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templeinstitute.org/beged/priestly_garments-7.htm">High priest's official apparel depicted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515191256/http://www.templeinstitute.org/beged/priestly_garments-7.htm">Archived</a> 2010-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kohamineu.wordpress.com/">Kohanim center and network Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_priesthood27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_priesthood" title="Template:Jewish priesthood"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Jewish priesthood (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_priesthood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish priesthood"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_priesthood27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jewish priesthood</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zadok" title="Sons of Zadok">Sons of Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_sash" title="Priestly sash">Priestly sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">Holy anointing oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">Priestly breastplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_tunic" title="Priestly tunic">Priestly tunic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_robe_(Judaism)" title="Priestly robe (Judaism)">Priestly robe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_undergarments" title="Priestly undergarments">Priestly undergarments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_turban" title="Priestly turban">Priestly turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">Priestly divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemen_Afarsimon" title="Shemen Afarsimon">Shemen Afarsimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_golden_head_plate" title="Priestly golden head plate">Priestly crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urim_and_Thummim" title="Urim and Thummim">Urim and Thummim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_covenant" title="Priestly covenant">Priestly covenant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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