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9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b45f7e elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="5b45f7e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-b04f450 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="author"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/author/jr/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <img class="elementor-avatar" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/juventud-rebelde_avatar-96x96.png" alt="Juventud Rebelde" loading="lazy"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author"> Juventud Rebelde </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9337233 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="9337233" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-3003844 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> <time>julio 9, 2024</time> </span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-8734806 elementor-inline-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-time"> <time>9:28 am</time> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e2a0caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt" data-id="e2a0caa" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-excerpt.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> La Habana (Juventud Rebelde): Los efectos nefastos de la proliferación descontrolada de armas de fuego en la sociedad estadounidense siguen en aumento cuando la comunidad internacional analiza y repudia el tráfico internacional de armas provenientes de Europa y de Estados Unidos, que alimentan el terrorismo y las zonas de conflicto, y sirven para desestabilizar países de nuestra región, como es el dramático caso de Haití. </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f89da21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content" data-id="f89da21" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-content.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Por Fernando M. García Bielsa</p> <p>Estados Unidos es la nación donde se producen más armas de fuego, lo que representa un asombroso 46 por ciento del total mundial de armas de fuego en poder de civiles, y mediante estas un mayor número de personas mueren cada año.</p> <p>Tiene el nivel más alto de violencia armada entre los países desarrollados, con una tasa de homicidios con armas de fuego 26 veces mayor que la de Estados pares. Es el único que sufre tiroteos masivos a diario.</p> <p>Parte del incremento de las masacres en lugares públicos se debe al amplio acceso a armas de alto calibre. Una Ley de 1994 incluía una disposición que prohibía las armas de asalto; una medida de corta duración que se permitió expirara diez años después.</p> <p>Actualmente, las armas diseñadas para propósitos bélicos están disponibles para la venta individual vía internet y en muchas armerías sin mayores requisitos ni controles efectivos.</p> <p>De eso se nutre en parte la ocurrencia en los últimos años de una oleada de violencia por parte de ciudadanos enfurecidos, quienes protagonizan balaceras y cacerías humanas periódicas en escuelas, centros comerciales y otros lugares públicos.</p> <p>Según un informe del Center of Disease Control and Prevention, entre 2001 y 2013 habían muerto por armas de fuego 406 496 estadounidenses, más de 30 000 por año.</p> <p>Un asombroso 96 por ciento de las muertes de civiles estadounidenses causadas por la policía implican el uso de armas de fuego. Sin embargo, solo el 15 por ciento de las personas asesinadas a tiros por la policía estaban armadas, lo que subraya la naturaleza controvertida de estas muertes.</p> <p>Cada día, incluyendo suicidios, más de 120 personas en Estados Unidos mueren por disparos, el doble son baleadas y heridas, y muchas otras se ven afectadas por actos de violencia armada, que además clasifica como la principal causa de muerte infantil.</p> <p>El 16 de junio de 2024, el <em>Guns Violence Archive</em> reportaba la ocurrencia, en un solo fin de semana, de al menos 13 tiroteos masivos en varios estados que dejaron nueve muertos y 62 heridos. Ocurren docenas de hechos de ese tipo cada año.</p> <p>Entre los más impactantes se recuerdan las masacres de Columbine (muertos 12 estudiantes y un maestro; Colorado, 1999), la escuela primaria Sandy Hook (20 niños fallecidos en Connecticut, 2012); la del cine de Aurora (12 muertos y más de 70 heridos, Colorado, 2012); la iglesia en Charleston (nueve víctimas, Carolina del Sur 2015); la discoteca Pulse de Orlando (49 personas, 2016), y la escuela primaria en Uvalde, Texas (mueren 19 niños y dos maestros, mayo de 2022).</p> <p>Con cada masacre se genera una fiebre ciudadana por pertrecharse con nuevas armas de fuego en sus hogares; un ambiente de histeria que impulsa las ventas de más sofisticadas armas de fuego y la recaudación de miles de millones por las industrias productoras.</p> <p>Tales hechos son ocasión, además, para que la muy influyente Asociación Nacional del Rifle (NRA) incremente sus esfuerzos para bloquear cualquier cambio en las regulaciones, bajo el pretexto de defender “el derecho ciudadano al porte de armas”.</p> <p><strong>Un negocio sangriento</strong></p> <p>Por otra parte, el debate nacional sobre la violencia armada en Estados Unidos se centra principalmente en lo anecdótico caso por caso, en detalles de los incidentes que cobran la vida de entre 30 000 y 40 000 personas cada año y hieren gravemente a decenas de miles más.</p> <p>Ausente en la conversación nacional sobre la violencia armada está cualquier mención a la industria productora responsable de la proliferación de armas en las calles del país. Es una red de empresas que ha operado durante décadas con una supervisión mínima del gobierno federal.</p> <p>Este debate a menudo ocurre como secuela de tragedias específicas relacionadas con armas de fuego y tiende a centrarse en el individuo que apretó el gatillo y lo que se podría haber hecho para intervenir sobre esa persona para evitar la tragedia.</p> <p>Se ha tratado de apuntar a que son acciones individuales aisladas de personas malvadas, o con problemas de desajuste mental, e incluso inmigrantes u otros, cosa que las estadísticas no respaldan.</p> <p>Aunque los asesinos tienen distintos perfiles se observan patrones causales complejos que incluyen las frustraciones y la ira acumulada en muchas personas en medio de la fragmentación y el actual deterioro social en gran parte de Estados Unidos.</p> <p>Se hacen muchos esfuerzos para crear una sensación de miedo, y para impulsar la “necesidad” de poseer un arma como medio de defensa.</p> <p>Dentro de esa narrativa casi se propugna la militarización de las escuelas, entregar armas a los profesores y reforzar unidades de custodios, lo cual se ha demostrado ineficaz, como también lo ha sido reforzar las escuelas con medidas de seguridad visibles como detectores de metales, puertas de entrada única, ventanas a prueba de balas y cámaras de vigilancia.</p> <p>En respuesta a los tiroteos masivos, el gobierno federal ha invertido millones de dólares en armar a los funcionarios escolares, alimentando un mercado de seguridad escolar de 2 700 millones de dólares.</p> <p>La enfermedad mental no es tampoco un factor importante en los tiroteos masivos. En 2021, los investigadores descubrieron que solo el 8 por ciento de las personas que perpetran tiroteos masivos tienen antecedentes de síntomas sicóticos documentados.</p> <p>De hecho, una serie de factores de riesgo están más estrechamente asociados con la violencia armada, incluidas las experiencias infantiles adversas, la demografía de género y edad y, lo más importante, el acceso a armas de fuego.</p> <p>La insistencia en que las enfermedades mentales son las culpables de la violencia masiva es un intento deliberado de desviar la atención pública e impedir el fortalecimiento de las leyes sobre control de armas en Estados Unidos.</p> <p>Entre las reales causas o elementos que propician esa epidemia de balaceras en el país (y que menos se mencionan) están:</p> <p>—La particularmente intensa tradición de violencia con que se formó el país y que marca la siquis de muchos estadounidenses, la obsesiva glorificación de las guerras, así como los traumas que han dejado sus experiencias bélicas brutales y desmoralizantes en cientos de miles de veteranos de las guerras en el exterior.</p> <p>—La enorme proliferación de armas de fuego de diversos calibres en manos de la población y su fácil adquisición. Casi 400 millones de armas personales y rifles para caza deportiva, e implementos de guerra de alto calibre.</p> <p>—La atmósfera de miedo ante la criminalidad, el racismo y la alimentación de la xenofobia respecto a los inmigrantes y las minorías étnicas.</p> <p>—El permanente ambiente bélico y el culto a la violencia que predomina en la llamada cultura del entretenimiento, los cómics, los juegos electrónicos y los medios de difusión.</p> <p>Gran parte de la publicidad potencia los temas que crean miedo en esa sociedad, cierres por COVID-19, las movilizaciones de los afroamericanos como del Black Lives Matter, la creencia en una guerra racial inminente, las repetidas teorías conspirativas, los pronósticos de una inminente guerra civil, y muchas otras cosas que generan angustia, odios y miedos.</p> <p>Los mitos, en particular los relacionados con la criminalidad y la seguridad ciudadana, juegan con el miedo y perpetúan la desinformación hasta tal punto que se inculcan en la conciencia pública como si fueran hechos y pueden conducir a políticas reaccionarias que hacen poco para disuadir la violencia armada.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f407b1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="f407b1f" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1adf282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1adf282" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" width="783" height="108" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/logo.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12" alt="Identificador Sitio web Ecos del Sur" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/logo.png 783w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/logo-300x41.png 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/logo-768x106.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px"/> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6df91d0 elementor-author-box--layout-image-above elementor-author-box--align-center elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-author-box--biography-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box" data-id="6df91d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="author-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-author-box"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/author/jr/" class="elementor-author-box__avatar"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001im_/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/juventud-rebelde_avatar-225x225.png" alt="Juventud Rebelde" loading="lazy"> </a> <div class="elementor-author-box__text"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710003001/https://vocesdelsur.prensa-latina.cu/author/jr/"> <h4 class="elementor-author-box__name"> Juventud Rebelde </h4> </a> <div class="elementor-author-box__bio"> Juventud Rebelde es un periódico cubano, perteneciente a la Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas. El 21 de octubre de 1965, Fidel Castro describió al periódico como "... un periódico destinado fundamentalmente a la juventud, con cosas que le interesen a la juventud, pero que debe tratar de ser un periódico de calidad y que las cosas que allí se escriban puedan interesar también a todos los demás" </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aa761fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="aa761fd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h6 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">últimos artículos :</h6> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c61ad10 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="c61ad10" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"template_id":834,"columns":1,"_skin":"post","columns_tablet":"2","columns_mobile":"1","edit_handle_selector":"[data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\"]","row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid"> <style id="loop-834">.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9644053{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--gap:4px 4px;--background-transition:0.3s;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:0px 0px 0px 3px;--border-block-start-width:0px;--border-inline-end-width:0px;--border-block-end-width:0px;--border-inline-start-width:3px;border-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--border-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--padding-block-start:-0px;--padding-block-end:-0px;--padding-inline-start:3px;--padding-inline-end:-0px;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9644053, .elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9644053::before{--border-transition:0.3s;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9335187 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Helvetica", Sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4feb003 .elementor-icon-list-icon{width:14px;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4feb003 .elementor-icon-list-icon i{font-size:14px;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4feb003 .elementor-icon-list-icon svg{--e-icon-list-icon-size:14px;}.elementor-834 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4feb003 .elementor-icon-list-item{font-family:"Helvetica", Sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-834 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