CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353196fdd14d2d',cH: '4yMAKRIhjD8o0tiTeGGJL47feFTszZppuuk5JD4c5bs-1739789187-1.2.1.1-juPHvzNun2i04YXSchVRcAc7A4FPB_5FIdMUfSXNAzrl70FFBwRLcIhBJOT.TgMc',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ha%20T.%20T.%20Ly&__cf_chl_tk=MKTZahS_dwJzo2WpROCT7XaOAUvdo4zioo5_oT7_Fh8-1739789187-1.0.1.1-gst.d8SfEhpo_I8h2YQL3c7u4RcuVuvsPok2qVvSpzU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789187',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ha%20T.%20T.%20Ly&__cf_chl_f_tk=MKTZahS_dwJzo2WpROCT7XaOAUvdo4zioo5_oT7_Fh8-1739789187-1.0.1.1-gst.d8SfEhpo_I8h2YQL3c7u4RcuVuvsPok2qVvSpzU",md: "NAm6D1EcVCfVqBH.l5jFVj7K9YavH2BFeb9INWWN3WM-1739789187-1.2.1.1-zdvuNEloQmnzI0S3sNkn00mB4kA.CvwL88R16fRsPzB1r1XZ8Qp8.wQMrmSFQp3q4vhVIzfNecVj3NH7SsTUHxqTH6E4USQRArEvgA9B5qcNx_deNMcDwU8EWFRdjUmX5SZ8P81JOY94Vy0SLBaw_BhQr4nOtBHjV5AystGNcpd3en__bFjrzXHcyW3TrJ3FhIGo.VNLBs9kgTzyD1oTPNpTUvVIIWqX8WJYg406dOt3P5kfmGxFAJy8uqkCIxn5gb9854.muGBAvx2YVb23.6ryyHQ0..0hkLxsnyIWDaTDIWoFo1jiKXqlWX8ABMcCzlCBU0uf3cCrGicA6hEWlCG.O.mEcTX6hvazqz4VoVK1tdC.GJfJFs4S4YcRI64B8cSToqexKKkvkA6vUXYdKUxG2TtO8OvST_33m33OIyYdpzO3GgKpSYLSvdN7J3FQmHolwmWtQZVUV3YahnthmT5POH7M.2rU7F.CHEWABOf4rhoo37dWD_3D2lQcI7s7QL6lusqvpk7QZ59kO0EQFFXu.Yv2FJV2M75HRjMSEFqnjqBlPAguWNMl53uoT2Erub6EE5L334.M0Y6lCuTTibuiWXrmUD0ngPLn80gcCvZBMIWn5jVZJyu8Tfi5dJPrTmzniUvrQwx11LSw.gl4ENULoQ8WBdUlLkH0d7AUw2JDYijrg6HS_rA33UgRtuzz8q5Xozgl_6q7IpOCfCw5e31LvdYZ9pB3E9dqWx1mvRuxassT0RcR.TvV9cHoAPxhHXMoJc0MVurihHd7kQm7QHLebPOYkhQhIc1QKWvpWdwmxuNHccT1IeaScZP7TjDDO3UZ7H803PzI9LoydDuhzsRDvNTIZzQb4ywe3UXBnKGDbVQTmBI7D1UZtLI4CSiQBkKxbjwJ4H34es9IYjnQkQfI8RFck0AwJJNHB6P6VdVMMKwRFvhpONRjcFR7wbrg7o80BPWdOYGnUvwGC3ZuLlFWTcrHSECU48_0kM3r43TGuFpIphQBEyU62_sebqtE1MfdCAGUq5hgOmWVw_fogmxaGUZ6JyHbnobwpOH6yBU._UN.jyAQbjwsIqFyfJzYgXEw2z88TE4DIqDyr6pXpKqhUqrpHB1i5J2kvR0gYNjp0PSmT0aW3c10dJFECXtKDFr.mgJdI50wNJaa3TZFc.LbNXHHYnTeKiFpq5etecDprLNJVHBc9AH3w7.W.s9QuYwCy6UJ9g8H9MvCprnfm2KdmN33ndTen.KjM_v3hPDHaxfFo.M9yClZG50rBOFa3ofSTt1E2S6PqOFwtAh.ZNMdvCD2P6S5p8aR6jubQHx32rLc9C7SAXuDXzuBhRQDDZDqvjZhkmp8g4wEVYg7XIymiEg9yUAWRpEXyxVjPOZqjOAHQpAUyi75LrFjvgW66jyeulIFrxGrNCxfx14sfXW6aQUY2GgMlz4QV5MZ5DOX4Dh8wfSkbDuI9T8m_hfHg9YmlG0RG7h7i9aUKh9VwXN9NgiAUkVjSJyKvjowc5xw7s3cXZy1JKhgA.qLd59Tn4sSRtobbAkvzpoJS5BAUxHotkY9gu_GVhaVdagndHu_Nt2CUaHBR_1guqL2vKYii2Dol8l5CyMxCCqLnUJDEq2aYd_FdyBB8.fCQozO7IaZP3Ek6Ccw_RmL4sxx8_BoPDaNj57fKH.7aAEYeldOGPTwDYbs_o5mWH6ZwuQc6Fj3XckaefIVqNj4F9vH1v8xTe3BNJ1Oy1EWG9uIOiVfZaGylZMuhfhw4Vdxnwq_0ly_M9lDtGRzm_YAcY_2hY8MGxdDj5xGqCF87avnFnhcTwQdOyGyh0VzMoilnwegRpAMnMMHk.lp.mPlh7LNOqh6hhpaSJqwUXg6OelRiGnTPEhfGJpsHIlu3tadHLDhojXKHqqBkliZqG.1ByrnTWbSahDXQaH8zLbc28ePRZUgsc93HuEqFNuWSnC1KCoLOaU",mdrd: "TaRnl.d1xlUgSaPAjas1.bO9K3eptd4WfuNnHe.l9zk-1739789187-1.2.1.1-q4T6oflzVJIc0PTqOHAcELHJMK05u1_NGqTMn.7rmfQXn4fymxF_v_SAksd8sL4O39Cfsh_1_QtQt5B0e2PNUa5UwC8MGj3Y9yhyZ9bf9N8XKkrd6e07NOsbv2_YyIYPqteA_WJupR.NX_AzPDfSviHrXqYxS.uw7JM3HUIFwPdSvsnFN.kfveYGZccL2qEe60HV1IIRjgnh65Nhy1iFfpIOs1qs0Y2M_RjrC3Eel0o2YNJ10ilBQTPIe81heWd3MmLO.wtrp1KPen0np7kxfE2oP8ZoeK2_ef1FMkDhlAROnjL7At6EmX9lHujYeUdraL6Yjq2.Q40qU3k3GyLvyLNahfWWgBo4esQwg9TlNZMZpLvu590ELw2sL12KiZR9wpZBDLFchBVBwRwfZPbGm7QY372mgGUo9PdPTy_Zlb94rV8fCZ7Uvt_UD2PsPH_C5jHMGFN_OEuAebTFsXos3sKg5HcKbbkOUxD5W471xtUAcYcAzjr4q8DUyq17RVacQMOwyVzlIykLtZx3GEdmT7p5yFvVFw0WHXJAalyyUsYYMW62iBuvyceb_z.nQxFIFmsJJ_msovW7rMLv3YaFS9ZaJqdCyZx9ge7f.ImNcnWWPmRm3ksktvQWkUfN2J_WaWj2wthZw.fQaNjfNZFMJLiL75zoULcqpFUHMtNdL0D9P57wAVCLRYmtyffCU0O2iMuF37OaZ6X3t0UOvCgdkxKeW.1relSI2u7x5lGYdZjhNcrcLmuDEweQpGrB1FbZ6jT2fFsKomlNmwA9Rd3uVHJfjsF8d6jV3DOTBOSDjjlvNL7DaflKzGKWqYuVBuQpz.Tslz3Cp2njOjbBg_UTc5RX58mC14MsK3hh6SmsTxCEVaUSdhjijQeRQe5xCpuzy4NdIT7o9aQ7RDcx7zDri9EOCZsHQ.OOvSZ5MppoEOq07SFN76nYzfKB6LtbJl.39TI._aAzq53kybevkAc9OC6ZK2k93leJnpj9Ph0lS4TY8fIMfvuYLGJwUrIjtDJkSpaicQ.9bD5kK3WhduKAB8ak8qQRG__K2kM6CUWqaJIR2a4kORRt5EdY21wiM8BRFqeIRSrsgCIN2YBKo0Wi6aNU9ZrfkOUrBcAO13MrMnAdZRUqKDDX7W59qB9pCbMtDH97aoybcssN_q6NgCyr5.A5Nve6CbLqsCrnkVCFJUZx12.FCsylwOyxfV7ctMv4B6GKaLsgjYhClWife72YtUZUq.Ucd4MQlwd5ai6K1YFH0.ItPYLjYBfdRmfOIVsC69c_V5O.vXGuMcBj0FYeFvCFcxGOmBIJiyELDc7W8h8O6mhlyKnr_iM1DetjmzG1EBNGjC66uJHNTBjBoO0M07hfcVwc2M37QG8NSAbUA57WBPa1lIKkw.ACZdBBHEfH4SUCVjKtvds5zgze1JIUsAA0AuRfzNO11ha9qCKogf0g93Qwf4BWNCq_2luSVSFA9fbFmxBnPGDZ_FaKhrRKXAVm4FhPZcDj7b4Ng2FibvaOZH6Ryup0bsuw0F2gVrVzW5944Rk1lqr4qsiqi2.Y7tXjIWDP7WSeH.PzxX.OUkaYthYuLIDynr2e7bLfD0cs_FWECIQLQqki.2rhgue2KgI8AIjcgyc_AHZfTUaJAK24ja6LfzIXFkkUmJeGpKeMrnq.gLy6mmf_7uutz1kHGpbFlQb_zKBl3koVgSbwJDFmtr4hvQGqw70SdMBPFmlsxop9w0P5IxPdneEYK4fDxzZkv6OXf7B7.YJJVhNYMXGjC_t.NpKKHebwPgvhilCxJ7_LI.u7kV6I.V.YBYeD5WSqcZwfBV_hsD2K68iiq7R_UpgmF8Pa1g7vVOWz3YleC9xy4cHMTKUq_OPcxvmENvu7UAec2UvalJ8q_hXDIUZu4VRzQDFYGW5zcKprX7B.Ip62I0JVze0anVQEv8ee5C0qtU4UPvi7Uo9PvhIOOv2IUKysm8tJrRNJy.s0VtwN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353196fdd14d2d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ha%20T.%20T.%20Ly&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MKTZahS_dwJzo2WpROCT7XaOAUvdo4zioo5_oT7_Fh8-1739789187-1.0.1.1-gst.d8SfEhpo_I8h2YQL3c7u4RcuVuvsPok2qVvSpzU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>