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id="toc-Education_stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preschool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preschool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Preschool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preschool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Primary Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Secondary Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Localization_of_the_curriculum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localization_of_the_curriculum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Localization of the curriculum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localization_of_the_curriculum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Botswana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ബോട്സ്വാനയിലെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോട്സ്വാനയിലെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%84%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8A%E3%81%AE%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="ボツワナの教育 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボツワナの教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_em_Botswana" title="Educação em Botswana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Educação em Botswana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuto_mo_Botswana" title="Thuto mo Botswana – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Thuto mo Botswana" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Освіта в Ботсвані – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Освіта в Ботсвані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Education+in+Botswana%22">"Education in Botswana"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Education+in+Botswana%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Education+in+Botswana%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Education+in+Botswana%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Education+in+Botswana%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Education+in+Botswana%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Education in Botswana</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/220px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/330px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/440px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Botswana</figcaption></figure></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister of Child Welfare and Basic Education <p>Minister of Higher Education </p> Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ms_Nono_Kgafela-Mokoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ms Nono Kgafela-Mokoka (page does not exist)">Ms Nono Kgafela-Mokoka</a> <p><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hon_Mooketsi_Prince_Maele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hon Mooketsi Prince Maele (page does not exist)">Hon Mooketsi Prince Maele</a> </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hon_Justin_Hunyepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hon Justin Hunyepa (page does not exist)">Hon Justin Hunyepa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">General details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Setswana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">System type</th><td class="infobox-data">State, private</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Botswana, the responsibilities for education fall under the Ministry of Child welfare and Basic Education and the Ministry of Higher Education; which oversees basic, secondary, and tertiary education, as well as vocational and skills training. The ministry's functions include policy formation and implementation, curriculum development, teacher training, and the administration of schools across the country. </p><p>The Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools, about 10% attend private schools while roughly 3% are home-schooled.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Education is <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory</a> over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen. This requirement can be satisfied in <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public schools</a>, state-certified <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a>, or an approved <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">home school</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secondary<b> education in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></b> is neither free nor compulsory.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the gross primary enrollment rate was 103 percent, and the net primary enrollment rate was 81 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gross and net enrollment ratios are based on the number of students formally registered in primary school and therefore do not necessarily reflect school attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent primary school attendance statistics are not available for Botswana.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2001, 86 percent of children who started primary school were likely to reach grade 5.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Botswana's education system, girls and boys have equal access to education. Girls are likely to drop out of secondary school due to pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a large number and a wide variety of publicly and privately administered institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher learning">higher learning</a> throughout the country. Post-secondary education, divided into <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a>, as the first tertiary degree, and <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>, is described in a separate section below.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Botswana made great strides in educational development after independence in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time there were very few graduates in the country and very few Batswana attended secondary school. With the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Diamonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamonds">diamonds</a> just after independence and the increase in government revenue that this brought, there was a huge increase in educational provision in the country. All students were guaranteed ten years of basic education, leading to a Junior Certificate qualification. Approximately half of the school population attends a further two years of secondary schooling leading to the award of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana_General_Certificate_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botswana General Certificate of Education (page does not exist)">Botswana General Certificate of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving school, students can attend one of the seven technical colleges in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or take vocational training courses in <a href="/wiki/Teaching" title="Teaching">teaching</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>. The best students enter the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources_(BUAN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN)">Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Accountancy_College" title="Botswana Accountancy College">Botswana Accountancy College</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boitekanelo_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boitekanelo College (page does not exist)">Boitekanelo College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>. A larger influx of tertiary students is expected when construction of the nation's second national university, The <a href="/wiki/Botswana_International_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Botswana International University of Science and Technology">Botswana International University of Science and Technology</a>, is completed. Many other students end up in the numerous private tertiary education colleges around the country. A high majority of these students are government sponsored. The quantitative gains have not always been matched by qualitative ones. Primary schools in particular still lack resources, and the teachers are less well paid than their secondary school colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2006, Botswana announced the reintroduction of school fees after two decades of free state education.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Total government expenditure on education as percentage of GDP in Botswana was reported to be 9.633% in 2009, the highest among <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_stages">Education stages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preschool">Preschool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preschool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preschool encompasses non-compulsory <a href="/wiki/Classroom" title="Classroom">classroom</a>-based early-childhood education prior to the age of five to six. Issues of Early Childhood Care and education were incorporated into the Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) of 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The responsibility to provide early childhood education programs lies largely with the private and civil society sectors rather than with the government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The practices of providers of early childhood education are either simply "business opportunity seeking" responses to the new consumption patterns of more affluent parent (or guardian) or current global trends of child education preparation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many community-based programs, commercial enterprises, non-profit organizations, faith communities, and independent childcare providers offer preschool education.<sup id="cite_ref-Glavin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glavin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preschool may be general or may have a particular focus, such as arts education, religious education, sports training, or foreign language learning, along with providing general education. The benefit of pre-primary education cannot be over-emphasized because children develop cognitively and socially.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Botswana government as of 2015 has started opening early childhood education programs in many governmental primary schools in order to promote the education of young children.<sup id="cite_ref-Glavin_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glavin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This started by opening a half-year pre-school class after the standard 7 students had finished writing their final exams. Their classrooms would be unoccupied for the rest of the academic year, so this way they could accommodate the 5-year-old children. Proceeding that, the government is now implementing a two-year program for children aged 4 and 5 years old. Moreover, the government of Botswana is also paying more attention to early childhood education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_Education">Primary Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Primary Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primary education ranges from reception (pre-standard one) up to standard 7. </p><p>Children enrol in primary school around the age of 6. The curriculum in primary education is determined by county school system. The school district selects curriculum guides and textbooks that reflect a state's learning standards and benchmarks for a given grade level. There are two types of primary education accessible in Botswana. The government provides education that is generally referred to as 'Setswana medium', the medium of instruction being Setswana as well as English. The private sector provides education whereby the language of instruction is purely English, these schools are referred to as 'English medium schools'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_Education">Secondary Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Secondary Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg/230px-Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg/345px-Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg/460px-Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1178" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Kgari Sechele Secondary School, a government run secondary school.</figcaption></figure> <p>Secondary education ranges from form 1 up to form 5 (junior secondary: form 1—form 3; senior secondary: form 4—form 5). </p><p>Students are usually given more independence, moving to different classrooms for different subjects, and being allowed to choose some of their class subjects (electives). The first three years of secondary education leads to the Junior Certificate, and after two more years of studying students sit for the Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Examination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botho_University" title="Botho University">Botho University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limkokwing_University_of_Creative_Technology" title="Limkokwing University of Creative Technology">Limkokwing University of Creative Technology</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baisago.ac.bw/">Ba Isago University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abm.ac.bw/">ABM University College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Botswana_International_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Botswana International University of Science and Technology">Botswana International University of Science and Technology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bou.ac.bw/">Botswana Open University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buan.ac.bw/">Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guc.ac.bw/">Gaborone University College of Law and professional Studies</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gips.co.bw/">Gaborone Institute Of Professional Studies</a> are the institutions that offer university education in the country. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a> is the national university which was established in 1982 by an act of parliament<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Localization_of_the_curriculum">Localization of the curriculum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Localization of the curriculum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after independence it was realized that the educational system did not meet the needs of the nation. It was highly focused on academics and still had colonial hangovers. Many of the things taught were not relevant to the African context, thus the school drop-out rates were high.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was soon realized that change was needed. The leaders envisioned an education system that provided access to all and supported social harmony after the realization that the Botswana community was isolated according to different ethnic groups.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1977 a commission appointed by the government of Botswana published a report on educational reform: 'education for kagisano' (meaning 'education for social harmony').<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1977 was a reaction by Botswana leaders to move away from the British colonization model of learning to a more inclusive system when education was for the elite.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As advised in the report, new core subjects were introduced into schools, making the education more relevant for Botswana.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The education aimed to be more vocational in order to prepare students for the job market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/42px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/56px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Botswana" title="List of schools in Botswana">List of schools in Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Skills_Development" title="Ministry of Education and Skills Development">Ministry of Education and Skills Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tertiary_Education,_Research,_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology (Botswana)">Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology (Botswana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Kgale" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's College, Kgale">St. Joseph's College, Kgale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlavin2017" class="citation web cs1">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-botswana">"Education in Botswana"</a>. <i>K12 Academics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K12+Academics&rft.atitle=Education+in+Botswana&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.k12academics.com%2FEducation%2520Worldwide%2Feducation-botswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilab-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Botswana6). <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm">"Botswana brings back school fees"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2006-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+and+Eastern+Africa+Consortium+for+Monitoring+Educational+Quality&rft.atitle=Education+in+Botswana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacmeq.org%2Feducation-botswana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bec.co.bw/images/2022/BGCSE_folder/BECEACDPG03v1_-_Registration_of_Botswana_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education_School_Candidates.pdf">"Registration of Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education School Candidates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Botswana Examination Council</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Examination+Council&rft.atitle=Registration+of+Botswana+General+Certificate+of+Secondary+Education+School+Candidates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bec.co.bw%2Fimages%2F2022%2FBGCSE_folder%2FBECEACDPG03v1_-_Registration_of_Botswana_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education_School_Candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA">UNESCO-UNEVOC country profile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=ZG-BW&most_recent_value_desc=true&view=chart">"Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana"</a>. <i>World Bank</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Government+expenditure+on+education%2C+total+%28%25+of+GDP%29+-+Sub-Saharan+Africa%2C+Botswana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DZG-BW%26most_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue%26view%3Dchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf">"Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>African Child Forum</i>. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Child+Forum&rft.atitle=Early+Childhood+Care+and+Education+Policy%3A+Based+on+the+Framework+of+the+Revised+National+Policy+on+Education+%28Rnpe%29+Government+White+Paper+No.+2+of+1994&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanchildforum.org%2Fclr%2Fpolicy%2520per%2520country%2Fbotswana%2Fbotswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glavin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glavin_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glavin_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlavin2017" class="citation web cs1">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages">"Education stages"</a>. <i>K12 Academics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K12+Academics&rft.atitle=Education+stages&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.k12academics.com%2FEducation%2520Worldwide%2FEducation%2520in%2520Botswana%2Feducation-stages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abm.ac.bw/">"Welcome To ABM University College"</a>. <i>ABM University College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABM+University+College&rft.atitle=Welcome+To+ABM+University+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabm.ac.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biust.ac.bw/">"Botswana International University of Science & Technology"</a>. 2020-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+International+University+of+Science+%26+Technology&rft.date=2020-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biust.ac.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf">"University of Botswana Act, 1982"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laws of Botswana</i>. 1982<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+Botswana&rft.atitle=University+of+Botswana+Act%2C+1982&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbotswanalaws.com%2FStatutesActpdf%2F1982Actpdf%2FUNIVERSITY%2520OF%2520BOTSWANA%2520ACT%2C%2520NO.%252011%2520OF%25201982.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlavin2017" class="citation web cs1">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/tswanification-curriculum">"Tswanification of the curriculum"</a>. <i>K12 Academics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K12+Academics&rft.atitle=Tswanification+of+the+curriculum&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Glavin&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.k12academics.com%2FEducation%2520Worldwide%2FEducation%2520in%2520Botswana%2Ftswanification-curriculum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Botswana" title="List of cities in Botswana">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Botswana" title="Districts of Botswana">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of reservoirs and dams in Botswana">Reservoirs and dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Botswana" title="List of rivers of Botswana">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Botswana" title="Wildlife of Botswana">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Botswana" title="Politics of Botswana">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Botswana" title="Constitution of Botswana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Botswana" title="Elections in Botswana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Botswana" title="Foreign relations of Botswana">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Botswana" title="Human rights in Botswana">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Botswana">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Botswana" title="Human trafficking in Botswana">Human trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force" title="Botswana Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Botswana" title="List of political parties in Botswana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Botswana" title="Vice-President of Botswana">Vice-President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Botswana" title="Economy of Botswana">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Botswana" title="List of companies of Botswana">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Botswana" title="Energy in Botswana">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Botswana" title="Mining industry of Botswana">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Pula <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Botswana" title="Tourism in Botswana">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Botswana" title="Trade unions in Botswana">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Botswana" title="Transport in Botswana">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Botswana" title="Culture of Botswana">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Botswana" title="Flag of Botswana">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Botswana" title="Literature of Botswana">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Botswana">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Botswana" title="Music of Botswana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Botswana" title="Public holidays in Botswana">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Botswana" title="Sport in Botswana">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Botswana" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Botswana">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Botswana" title="Demographics of Botswana">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Botswana" title="Abortion in Botswana">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Botswana" title="Child marriage in Botswana">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Botswana" title="Ethnic groups in Botswana">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Botswana" title="Health in Botswana">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Botswana" title="Human trafficking in Botswana">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Botswana" title="Polygamy in Botswana">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Botswana" title="Prostitution in Botswana">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Botswana" title="Outline of Botswana">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Botswana-related_topics" title="List of Botswana-related topics">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Botswana" title="Bibliography of Botswana">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botswana" title="Category:Botswana">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Algeria" title="Education in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Angola" title="Education in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Benin" title="Education in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Education in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Burundi" title="Education in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cameroon" title="Education in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cape_Verde" title="Education in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Education in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Chad" title="Education in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Comoros" title="Education in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Djibouti" title="Education in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Education in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eritrea" title="Education in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gabon" title="Education in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Gambia" title="Education in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ghana" title="Education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea" title="Education in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Education in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Education in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kenya" title="Education in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lesotho" title="Education in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Liberia" title="Education in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Libya" title="Education in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Madagascar" title="Education in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malawi" title="Education in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mali" title="Education in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritania" title="Education in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Morocco" title="Education in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Namibia" title="Education in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Niger" title="Education in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Rwanda" title="Education in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Senegal" title="Education in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Seychelles" title="Education in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Education in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somalia" title="Education in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Sudan" title="Education in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sudan" title="Education in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tanzania" title="Education in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Togo" title="Education in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tunisia" title="Education in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uganda" title="Education in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Zambia" title="Education in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Zimbabwe" title="Education in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somaliland" title="Education in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&oldid=1257708144">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Botswana&oldid=1257708144</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a 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