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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Richardson Olmsted Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richardson_Olmsted_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Building types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Public libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroad_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroad_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Railroad buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroad_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Commercial buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Single-family_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-family_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Single-family houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single-family_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richardsonian_Romanesque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richardsonian_Romanesque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Richardsonian Romanesque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richardsonian_Romanesque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Replicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronological_list_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_list_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chronological list of works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chronological_list_of_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chronological list of works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chronological_list_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هنري ريتشاردسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري ريتشاردسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гэнры Гобсан Рычардсан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэнры Гобсан Рычардсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هنری هابسون ریچاردسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری هابسون ریچاردسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հենրի Հոբսոն Ռիչարդսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հենրի Հոբսոն Ռիչարդսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هنرى ريتشاردسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى ريتشاردسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%96%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ヘンリー・ホブソン・リチャードソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンリー・ホブソン・リチャードソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Richardson" title="Henry Richardson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henry Richardson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричардсон, Генри Гобсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричардсон, Генри Гобсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henry Hobson Richardson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="என்றி ஆப்சன் ரிச்சார்ட்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="என்றி ஆப்சன் ரிச்சார்ட்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E6%A3%AE" title="亨利·霍布森·理查森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亨利·霍布森·理查森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q723234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American architect (1838–1886)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">H. H. Richardson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Hubert_Von_Herkomer_-_H._H._Richardson_-_NPG.2010.13_-_National_Portrait_Gallery_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="718" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail from portrait by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_von_Herkomer" title="Hubert von Herkomer">Hubert von Herkomer</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1838-09-29</span>)</span>September 29, 1838<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vacherie,_Louisiana" title="Vacherie, Louisiana">Vacherie, Louisiana</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 27, 1886<span style="display:none">(1886-04-27)</span> (aged 47)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Beaux Arts">École des Beaux Arts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Architect</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buildings</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Church, Boston">Trinity Church, Boston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Hobson Richardson</b>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Institute_of_Architects" title="Fellow of the American Institute of Architects">FAIA</a> (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style that became known as <a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Louis Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pxv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pxv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson was born at the <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Plantation" title="St. Joseph Plantation">Priestley Plantation</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._James_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. James Parish, Louisiana">St. James Parish, Louisiana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and spent part of his childhood in New Orleans, where his family lived on Julia Row in a red brick house designed by the architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_T._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander T. Wood (page does not exist)">Alexander T. Wood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the great-grandson of inventor and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>, who is usually credited with the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richardson went on to study at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>. Initially, he was interested in civil engineering, but shifted to architecture, which led him to go to Paris in 1860 to attend the famed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Beaux Arts">École des Beaux Arts</a> in the atelier of <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Andr%C3%A9" title="Louis-Jules André">Louis-Jules André</a>. He was only the second U.S. citizen to attend the École's architectural division—<a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a> was the first<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p15_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and the school was to play an increasingly important role in training Americans in the following decades. </p><p>He did not finish his training there, as family backing failed due to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1992_p133_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1992_p133-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Church,_Boston,_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg/170px-Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg/255px-Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg/340px-Trinity_Church%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts_LCCN2011630431.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3869" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Church, Boston">Trinity Church</a>, Boston (1872), is Richardson's most acclaimed early work</figcaption></figure> <p>Richardson returned to the U.S. in 1865, settling in New York that October. He found work with a builder, Charles,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> whom he had met in Paris. The two worked well together but Richardson was not being challenged. He had little to do and yearned for more. With no work Richardson fell into a state of poverty looking for more work. One of his first commissions was the <a href="/wiki/William_Dorsheimer_House" title="William Dorsheimer House">William Dorsheimer House</a> on Delaware Ave in Buffalo, NY, which is in the style of the Second Empire with a <a href="/wiki/Mansard_roof" title="Mansard roof">Mansard roof</a>. This important commission led to many other commissions. The style that Richardson developed over time, however, was not the more classical style of the École, but a more medieval-inspired style, influenced by <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Viollet le Duc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson developed a unique and highly personal idiom, adapting in particular the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> of southern France. His early works, however, were not very remarkable. "There are few hints in the mediocre work of Richardson's early years of what was to come in his maturity, when, beginning with his competition-winning design ... for the Brattle Square Church in Boston, he adopted the Romanesque."<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p224_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p224-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1869, he designed the <a href="/wiki/H._H._Richardson_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="H. H. Richardson Complex">Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane</a> (now known as the Richardson Olmsted Complex) in Buffalo, the largest commission of his career and the first appearance of Richardsonian Romanesque style. A massive <a href="/wiki/Medina_sandstone" title="Medina sandstone">Medina sandstone</a> complex, it is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> and, as of 2009, was being restored.<sup id="cite_ref-Buffalo_State_Hospital_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalo_State_Hospital-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Boston)" title="Trinity Church (Boston)">Trinity Church</a> in Boston, designed by Richardson and built 1872–1877, solidified his national reputation and led to major commissions for the rest of his life. Although incorporating historical elements from a variety of sources, including early Syrian Christian, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a>, and both French and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture#Romanesque_period" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish Romanesque</a>, it was more "Richardsonian" than Romanesque.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p25_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p25-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1992_p135_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1992_p135-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trinity was also a collaboration with the construction and engineering firm of the <a href="/wiki/Norcross_Brothers" title="Norcross Brothers">Norcross Brothers</a>, with whom the architect would work on some 30 projects. </p><p>He designed the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Monument" title="Ames Monument">Ames Monument</a>, which was constructed from 1880 to 1882, and is located at the highest point of the original <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcontinental Railway">Transcontinental Railway</a> (the financing of which was spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_Jr." title="Oliver Ames Jr.">Oliver Ames Jr.</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">Oakes Ames</a>), east of <a href="/wiki/Laramie,_Wyoming" title="Laramie, Wyoming">Laramie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>. The Ames brothers and family provided generous patronage for Richardson's works, and after Oliver's death, Richardson was commissioned to design the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Free_Library" title="Ames Free Library">Ames Free Library</a> established in 1883 by a bequeath in Ames's will. </p><p>He was well-recognized by his peers; of ten buildings named by American architects as the best in 1885, fully half were his: besides Trinity Church, there were <a href="/wiki/Albany_City_Hall" title="Albany City Hall">Albany City Hall</a>, Sever Hall at Harvard University, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a> in Albany (as a collaboration), and <a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall" title="Oakes Ames Memorial Hall">Oakes Ames Memorial Hall</a> in North Easton, Massachusetts. </p><p>Despite the success of Trinity, Richardson built only two more churches, focusing instead on the monumental buildings he preferred, plus libraries, railroad stations, commercial buildings, and houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p226_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p226-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of his buildings, the two he liked best, the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_Courthouse" title="Allegheny County Courthouse">Allegheny County Courthouse</a> (Pittsburgh, 1884–1888) and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Field%27s_Wholesale_Store" title="Marshall Field's Wholesale Store">Marshall Field Wholesale Store</a> (Chicago, 1885–1887, demolished 1930), were completed posthumously by his assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p231_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p231-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson spent much of his later years in his house at 25 Cottage St. in <a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-demo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had a studio attached. </p><p>Richardson died in 1886 at age 47 of <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p13_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p13-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his last day, he signed an informal will directing the three assistants still remaining to carry on the business, which was soon formalized as <a href="/wiki/Shepley,_Rutan_and_Coolidge" title="Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge">Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p188_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p188-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example includes Richardson's design for the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cincinnati_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Greater Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce">Greater Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce</a> Building. Richardson had won the selection process in 1885 and nearly finalized the work, but after his death his successors completed the project.<sup id="cite_ref-JOTSOAH_May_1968_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOTSOAH_May_1968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Hills_Cemetery_(Brookline,_Massachusetts)" title="Walnut Hills Cemetery (Brookline, Massachusetts)">Walnut Hills Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a>. Despite an enormous income for an architect of his day, his "reckless disregard for financial order" meant that he died deeply in debt, leaving little to his widow and six children.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p187_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p187-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_work">Major work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trinity_Church">Trinity Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trinity Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson's most acclaimed early work is Trinity Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p224_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p224-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interior of the church is one of the leading examples of the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">arts and crafts</a> aesthetic in the United States. It was at Trinity that Richardson first worked with <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint_Gaudens" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Saint Gaudens">Augustus Saint Gaudens</a>, with whom he would work many times in the ensuing years. Across the square is the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library,_McKim_Building" title="Boston Public Library, McKim Building">Boston Public Library</a>, built later (1895) by Richardson's former draftsman, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Follen_McKim" title="Charles Follen McKim">Charles Follen McKim</a>. Together these and the surrounding buildings comprise one of the outstanding American urban complexes, built as the centerpiece of the newly developed <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Back Bay">Back Bay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Richardson_Olmsted_Campus">Richardson Olmsted Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Richardson Olmsted Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest building complex of HH Richardson's career, <a href="/wiki/Richardson_Olmsted_Complex" title="Richardson Olmsted Complex">Richardson Olmsted Complex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, United States was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. The first building to display his characteristic style the complex of buildings was designed in concert with the famed landscape team of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in the late 1800s, incorporating a system of enlightened treatment for people with mental illness developed by Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride. Over the years, as mental health treatment changed and resources were diverted, the buildings and grounds began a slow deterioration. In 2006, the Richardson Center Corporation was formed with a mandate to save the buildings and bring the Campus back to life through a state appropriation. </p><p>Today, the Richardson Olmsted Campus is being transformed into a cultural amenity for the city. Arriving in 2018, the Richardson Olmsted Campus will also have the Lipsey Architecture Center of Buffalo. The remaining buildings have been stabilized pending future opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_types">Building types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Building types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Crane_Public_Library,_Quincy,_Massachusetts_(Front_view).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG/220px-Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG/330px-Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG/440px-Thomas_Crane_Public_Library%2C_Quincy%2C_Massachusetts_%28Front_view%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library" title="Thomas Crane Public Library">Thomas Crane Public Library</a> (Quincy, Massachusetts), with Japanese inspired eyelid dormers in the roof on each side of the entrance</figcaption></figure> <p>Richardson pointedly claimed ability to create any type of structure a client wanted, insisting he could design anything "from a cathedral to a chicken coop."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The things I want most to design are a grain elevator and the interior of a great river-steamboat."<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p226_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p226-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, architectural historian <a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">James F. O'Gorman</a> sees Richardson's achievement particularly in four building types: public libraries, commuter train station buildings, commercial buildings, and single-family houses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_libraries">Public libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of small public libraries donated by patrons for the improvement of New England towns makes a small coherent corpus that defines Richardson's style: <a href="/wiki/Winn_Memorial_Library" title="Winn Memorial Library">Winn Memorial Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ames_Free_Library" title="Ames Free Library">Ames Free Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easton,_Massachusetts" title="Easton, Massachusetts">Easton</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Converse_Memorial_Library" title="Converse Memorial Library">Converse Memorial Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library" title="Thomas Crane Public Library">Thomas Crane Public Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a>), (1880–1882) "generally regarded by architectural historians as the masterpiece of Richardson's libraries",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Hubbard Memorial Library (<a href="/wiki/Ludlow,_Massachusetts" title="Ludlow, Massachusetts">Ludlow</a>, Massachusetts), and <a href="/wiki/Billings_Memorial_Library" title="Billings Memorial Library">Billings Memorial Library</a> on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Provost_1999_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provost_1999-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These buildings seem resolutely anti-modern, with the atmosphere of an Episcopalian vicarage, dimly lit for solemnity rather than reading on site. They are preserves of culture that did not especially embrace the contemporary flood of newcomers to New England. Yet they offer clearly defined spaces, easy and natural circulation, and they are visually memorable. Richardson's libraries found many imitators in the "Richardsonian Romanesque" movement. </p><p>The Thomas Crane Public Library is regarded as the best of Richardson's libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_p227_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochsner_1982_p227-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p227_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p227-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hitchcock_1966_p210_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitchcock_1966_p210-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his earlier libraries, Richardson's approach was to conceive the parts and then assemble them, while in the later ones such as Crane he thought in terms of the whole.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p41_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p41-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson also engaged in a process of simplification and elimination with each successive library, until in Crane "Richardson's concentration on the relation of solid to void, of wall to window, becomes the basis for a harmonious abstraction with scarcely a reference to any past style."<sup id="cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p227_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p227-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p43_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p43-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railroad_buildings">Railroad buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Railroad buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N_Easton_RR_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N_Easton_RR_station.jpg/220px-N_Easton_RR_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N_Easton_RR_station.jpg/330px-N_Easton_RR_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N_Easton_RR_station.jpg/440px-N_Easton_RR_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_Railroad_Station_(North_Easton,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Colony Railroad Station (North Easton, Massachusetts)">Old Colony station</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Easton,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="North Easton, Massachusetts">North Easton, Massachusetts</a>, illustrates Richardson's use of Japanese architectural concepts</figcaption></figure> <p>Richardson also designed nine <a href="/wiki/Station_building" title="Station building">railroad station buildings</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Albany_Railroad" title="Boston and Albany Railroad">Boston & Albany Railroad</a> as well as three stations for other lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More subtle than his churches, municipal buildings and libraries, they were an original response to this relatively new building type. Beginning with his first at Auburndale (1881, demolished 1960s), Richardson drew inspiration for these station buildings from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese architecture</a> that he learned about from <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Morse" title="Edward S. Morse">Edward S. Morse</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a> who began traveling to Japan in 1877, originally for biological specimens. Falling in love with Japan, upon his return that same year Morse began giving illustrated "<a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">magic lantern</a>" public lectures on Japanese ceramics, temples, vernacular architecture, and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p191_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_p191-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson incorporated Japanese concepts "in both sihouette and spatial concept", including the <i><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">karahafu</a></i> ("excellent gable", but generally poorly translated as "Chinese gable" despite its Japanese origin), the eyelid dormer, and the wide hip roof with extended eaves, all shown by Morse.<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_pp191–192_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_pp191–192-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg/220px-Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg/330px-Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg/440px-Dragon_carving_on_North_Easton_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Detail from Old Colony Railroad Station showing a dragon carved in the beam of a glazed Syrian arch</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the few stations still extant, these influences are perhaps best illustrated in his Old Colony station (Easton, Massachusetts, 1881–1884).<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p192_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_p192-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here he uses the Syrian arch that became a hallmark of Richardson designs for both the <a href="/wiki/Porte-coch%C3%A8re" title="Porte-cochère">porte-cochère</a> and the windows of the main structure. Reminiscent of a courtyard and temple that Morse illustrated from <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D,_Tochigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikkō, Tochigi">Nikkō in Tochigi prefecture</a>, Japan, the hip roof on wide, bracketed eaves nearly hides the rough stonework below in shadow. Richardson even included a carved dragon at each end of the beam spanning the arches of windows.<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_pp193_and_200_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_pp193_and_200-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The walls "become horizontal planes hovering above one another with bands of windows in between."<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_p200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richardson was an early although not the first U.S. architect to look to Japan, but his train stations "form the earliest sustained application of Japanese inspiration in American architecture, an undeniable precursor to Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie house designs".<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_p200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with his libraries, Richardson evolved and simplified as the series continued, and his famous Chestnut Hill station (Newton, Massachusetts, 1883–1884, demolished circa 1960) featured clean lines with less Japanese influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floyd_1997_p200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his death, more than 20 other stations were designed in Richardson's style for the Boston and Albany line by the firm of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, all draftsmen of Richardson at the time of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Boston and Albany stations were landscaped by Richardson's frequent collaborator, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>. Additionally, a railroad station in Orchard Park, New York (near Buffalo) was built in 1911 as a replica of Richardson's Auburndale station in Auburndale, Massachusetts. The original Auburndale station was torn down in the 1960s during construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike. The original Richardson stations on the Boston and Albany <a href="/wiki/Highland_branch" title="Highland branch">Highland branch</a> have either been demolished or converted to new uses (such as restaurants). Two of the stations designed by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge (both in Newton, Massachusetts) are still used by Boston's MBTA (green line) public transit service: and <a href="/wiki/Newton_Highlands_station" title="Newton Highlands station">Newton Highlands station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newton_Centre_station" title="Newton Centre station">Newton Centre station</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_buildings">Commercial buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commercial buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg/220px-Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg/330px-Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg/440px-Marshall_Field_Warehouse_Store.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Although built in traditional fashion of stone without steel frame, Richardson's well-integrated Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago was very influential in the development of modern approaches to building facades.</figcaption></figure> <p>The noted Marshall Field Wholesale Store (Chicago, 1885–1887, demolished 1930) is Richardson's "culminating statement of urban commercial form", and its remarkable design influenced Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, and many other architects.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp46–54_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp46–54-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Karl_Ochsner" title="Jeffrey Karl Ochsner">Jeffrey Karl Ochsner</a>, who has compiled all of Richardson's architectural works, despite its demolition in 1930, the Marshall Field Wholesale Store "is probably the most famous of Richardson's buildings, one that Richardson himself saw as among his most significant."<sup id="cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_p381_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochsner_1982_p381-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architectural critic <a href="/wiki/Henry-Russell_Hitchcock" title="Henry-Russell Hitchcock">Henry-Russell Hitchcock</a> states that in the Field Store, Richardson "was, perhaps, never more creative architecturally."<sup id="cite_ref-Hitchcock_1966_p275_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitchcock_1966_p275-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawing from his own earlier work and both Romanesque and Renaissance precedents, Richardson designed this "massive but integrated" seven-story stone warehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p47_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p47-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minimizing ornamentation in an era that employed much of it, he stressed what he termed "the beauty of material and symmetry rather than mere superficial ornamentation" with "the effects depending on the relations of 'voids and solids'... on the proportion of the parts."<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p50_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p50-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not requiring the new steel frame technology because of its comparatively low height, Richardson used multi-storied windows topped by arches to tie the stories together, and the regular patterns of the windows to tie the entire building into "a simple and unified solid occupying an entire block."<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp47-52_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp47-52-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-family_houses">Single-family houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Single-family houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson designed many important single-family residences, but his famous <a href="/wiki/John_J._Glessner_House" title="John J. Glessner House">John J. Glessner House</a> (Chicago, 1885–87) is his best and most influential urban house. The <a href="/wiki/Mary_Fisk_Stoughton_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Fisk Stoughton House">Mary Fisk Stoughton House</a> (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1882–1883), the Henry Potter House (St. Louis, 1886–1887, demolished 1958), and the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine_Estate" title="Robert Treat Paine Estate">Robert Treat Paine Estate</a> (aka Stonehurst) (Waltham, Massachusetts, 1886) play that role for suburban and country settings.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp57-58_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp57-58-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Glessner House in particular influenced Frank Lloyd Wright as he began developing what would become his <a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a> houses.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p58_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p58-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his house for Reverend Percy Browne (Marion, Massachusetts, 1881–82) Richardson revived "the old colonial form (of the <a href="/wiki/Gambrel" title="Gambrel">gambrel</a> roof) to shape the facade of an artistically ambitious house. Perhaps he used the gambrel to signify the humility appropriate to the profession of his client, but in doing so he sanctioned its use for wealthier patrons and by other architects. Within three years the crumpled gambrel profile was showing up everywhere" and became one of the notable features of <a href="/wiki/Shingle_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingle Style architecture">Shingle Style architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JSAH_March_2009_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSAH_March_2009-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Richardsonian_Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Richardsonian Romanesque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></div> <p>Richardson is one of few architects to be immortalized by having a style named after him. "Richardsonian Romanesque", unlike Victorian revival styles like <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gothic">Neo-Gothic</a>, was a highly personal synthesis of the Beaux-Arts predilection for clear and legible plans, with the heavy <a href="/wiki/Massing" title="Massing">massing</a> that was favored by the pro-medievalists. It featured picturesque roofline profiles, rustication and polychromy, semi-circular arches supported on clusters of squat columns, and round arches over clusters of windows on massive walls. </p><p>Following his death, the Richardsonian style was perpetuated by a variety of proteges and other architects, many for civic buildings like city halls, county buildings, court houses, train stations and libraries, as well as churches and residences. These include: </p> <ul><li>the successor firm of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, who completed some two dozen unfinished projects and then continued to produce work in the same style, and continued to employ his collaborators the Norcross Brothers for construction and engineering expertise, Frederick Law Olmsted for landscape architecture, and the English sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Evans_(sculptor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Evans (sculptor) (page does not exist)">John Evans</a> for stonecarving</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_White" title="Stanford White">Stanford White</a> and Charles Follen McKim, who worked in Richardson's office as young men, went on to form <a href="/wiki/McKim,_Mead_and_White" class="mw-redirect" title="McKim, Mead and White">McKim, Mead and White</a> and moved into the radically different <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts architecture</a> style</li> <li>Richardson's great admirer Louis Sullivan adapted Richardson's characteristic lessons of texture, massing, and the expressive language of stone walling (see Richardson's noted Chicago building Marshall Field's Wholesale Store), particularly at Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Building" title="Auditorium Building">Auditorium Building</a>, and these influences are detectable in the work of Sullivan's own student Frank Lloyd Wright.</li> <li>Richardson found sympathetic reception among young Scandinavian architects of the following generation, notably <a href="/wiki/Eliel_Saarinen" title="Eliel Saarinen">Eliel Saarinen</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg/220px-NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg/330px-NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg/440px-NOCBDTaylorLibrary30Nov07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Howard aka Taylor Library building, New Orleans, constructed 1886-1889</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Patrick F. Taylor Library, formerly known as the Howard Memorial Library, was built soon after Richardson's death. It is sometimes called "the only Richardson building located in the South".<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_Architecture_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum_Architecture-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents of New Orleans had wanted an example of Richardson's work, a native son of New Orleans. The office of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge used a Richardson design which had been submitted and rejected some years earlier for a library in Saginaw, Michigan. This leads some, particularly those in New Orleans, to argue that the building can be said to be by Richardson; the counter argument is that the design was not originally intended for this location and the building was constructed after Richardson's death with no input from the architect beyond the initial design. The library building is currently part of the <a href="/wiki/Ogden_Museum_of_Southern_Art" title="Ogden Museum of Southern Art">Ogden Museum of Southern Art</a>.</li> <li>The Amelia S. Givin Library in Mount Holly Springs, PA was designed by James T. Steen, a well known Pittsburgh architect who worked extensively in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The Givin Library was built in 1889 in the Richardsonian style. Its interior was finished in an Orientalism theme which used the 1885 patented Moorish Fretwork screens of Moses Younglove Ransom. The Givin Library is still in use as a public library.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replicas">Replicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Replicas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although many structures exist in the Romanesque style and some borrow so heavily that they are often mistaken for Richardson designs, several buildings have been built specifically to mimic a single Richardson structure. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_Farms_Railroad_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellesley Farms Railroad Station">Wellesley Farms Railroad Station</a> – This structure was built by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge (draftsmen of Richardson) soon after Richardson's death. Although this firm built many stations in Richardson's style, they were specifically penalized<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2011)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> for this one because it was so similar to Richardson's Eliot station in <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roy_2007_pmissing_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy_2007_pmissing-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eliot station was torn down in the 1950s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_Rochester_and_Pittsburgh_Railway_Station_(Orchard_Park,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway Station (Orchard Park, New York)">railroad station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orchard_Park,_New_York" title="Orchard Park, New York">Orchard Park, New York</a> (near Buffalo), was built in 1911 as a replica of Richardson's Auburndale station in <a href="/wiki/Auburndale,_Massachusetts" title="Auburndale, Massachusetts">Auburndale, Massachusetts</a>. The original Auburndale station, Richardson's first for the <a href="/wiki/Boston_%26_Albany_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston & Albany Railroad">Boston & Albany Railroad</a> and which was described by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Russell_Hitchcock" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Russell Hitchcock">Henry Russell Hitchcock</a> as "the best he ever built",<sup id="cite_ref-Cummings_&_Overby_1961_HABS_p2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cummings_&_Overby_1961_HABS_p2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was torn down in the 1960s during construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Orange_County_Courthouse_(Santa_Ana,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Orange County Courthouse (Santa Ana, California)">Old Orange County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a>, was completed in 1906 and is heavily influenced by Richardson's designs, bearing a strong resemblance to Richardson's Sever Hall at Harvard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_Light" title="Castle Hill Light">Castle Hill Light</a> is a lighthouse in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, which is often attributed to Richardson. Richardson drew a sketch for the lighthouse at that location which may have been the basis for the design, though the actual structure does not include the residence featured in Richardson's sketch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronological_list_of_works">Chronological list of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chronological list of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glessner_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Glessner_House.jpg/220px-Glessner_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Glessner_House.jpg/330px-Glessner_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Glessner_House.jpg/440px-Glessner_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>John J. Glessner House, Chicago, Illinois, 1986</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grange_Sard_Jr._House,_Albany_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg/220px-Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg/330px-Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg/440px-Grange_Sard_Jr._House%2C_Albany_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Grange Sard Jr. House, Albany NY (1882)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lululaund_(postcard_c.1900)_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson,_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/220px-Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/330px-Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/440px-Lululaund_%28postcard_c.1900%29_by_Henry_Hobson_Richardson%2C_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="621" /></a><figcaption>Lululaund mansion (postcard c.1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a partial list of works by Richardson:<sup id="cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_all_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochsner_1982_all-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1867 Church of the Unity – Springfield, Massachusetts</li> <li>1867 Western Railroad Offices – Springfield, Massachusetts</li> <li>1867 <a href="/wiki/Grace_Episcopal_Church_(Medford,_Massachusetts)" title="Grace Episcopal Church (Medford, Massachusetts)">Grace Episcopal Church</a> – Medford, Massachusetts</li> <li>1868 <a href="/wiki/Crowninshield_House" title="Crowninshield House">Benjamin W. Crowninshield House</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1868 H. H. Richardson House – <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Staten_Island" title="Clifton, Staten Island">Clifton, Staten Island</a>, New York</li> <li>1868 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallas_Bache_Monument" title="Alexander Dallas Bache Monument">Alexander Dallas Bache Monument</a> – Washington, DC</li> <li>1868 <a href="/wiki/William_Dorsheimer_House" title="William Dorsheimer House">William Dorsheimer House</a> – Buffalo, New York</li> <li>1869 Agawam National Bank – Springfield, Massachusetts</li> <li>1869 <a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" title="First Baptist Church (Boston, Massachusetts)">Brattle Square Church (now First Baptist Church)</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1869 <a href="/wiki/Richardson_Olmsted_Complex" title="Richardson Olmsted Complex">New York State Asylum</a> – Buffalo, New York</li> <li>1869 Worcester High School – Worcester, Massachusetts</li> <li>1871 <a href="/wiki/Hampden_County_Courthouse" title="Hampden County Courthouse">Hampden County Courthouse</a> – Springfield, Massachusetts</li> <li>1871 <a href="/wiki/North_Congregational_Church" title="North Congregational Church">North Congregational Church</a> – Springfield, Massachusetts</li> <li>1872 <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Boston)" title="Trinity Church (Boston)">Trinity Church</a> – Boston, Massachusetts (National Historic Landmark)</li> <li>1872 Frank William Andrews House – Newport, Rhode Island</li> <li>1874 <a href="/wiki/William_Watts_Sherman_House" title="William Watts Sherman House">William Watts Sherman House</a> – Newport, Rhode Island</li> <li>1875 <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Building_(Boston)" title="Hayden Building (Boston)">Hayden Building</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1875 <a href="/wiki/R._and_F._Cheney_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="R. and F. Cheney Building">R. and F. Cheney Building</a> – Hartford, Connecticut <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg/220px-PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg/330px-PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/PostcardHartfordCTMainStGFoxBuilding1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Cheney Building, Hartford, Connecticut c. 1905</figcaption></figure></li> <li>1875 <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a> – Albany, New York</li> <li>1876 Rev. Henry Eglinton Montgomery Memorial – New York City</li> <li>1876 <a href="/wiki/Winn_Memorial_Library" title="Winn Memorial Library">Winn Memorial Library</a> – Woburn, Massachusetts</li> <li>1877 Oliver <a href="/wiki/Ames_Free_Library" title="Ames Free Library">Ames Free Library</a> – North Easton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1878 <a href="/wiki/Sever_Hall" title="Sever Hall">Sever Hall</a> – Cambridge, Massachusetts</li> <li>1879 <a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall" title="Oakes Ames Memorial Hall">Oakes Ames Memorial Hall</a> – North Easton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1879 <a href="/wiki/Rectory_for_Trinity_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectory for Trinity Church">Rectory for Trinity Church</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1879 <a href="/wiki/Ames_Monument" title="Ames Monument">Ames Monument</a> – Sherman, Wyoming</li> <li>1880 <a href="/wiki/Ames_Gate_Lodge" title="Ames Gate Lodge">F.L. Ames Gate Lodge</a> – North Easton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1880 Bridge in the Fenway – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1880 <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Gatehouse" title="Stony Brook Gatehouse">Stony Brook Gatehouse</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li>1880 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crane_Public_Library_(Quincy,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Crane Public Library (Quincy, Massachusetts)">Thomas Crane Public Library</a> – Quincy, Massachusetts (National Historic Landmark)</li> <li>1880 Dr. John Bryant House – Cohasset, Massachusetts</li> <li>1880 <a href="/wiki/Albany_City_Hall" title="Albany City Hall">Albany City Hall</a> – Albany, New York</li> <li>1881 <a href="/wiki/Austin_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Austin Hall (Harvard University)">Austin Hall</a> – Cambridge, Massachusetts</li> <li>1881 Pruyn Monument – Albany, New York</li> <li>1881 Rev. Percy Browne House – Marion, Massachusetts</li> <li>1881 <a href="/wiki/North_Easton_station" title="North Easton station">North Easton station</a> - Old Colony Railroad Station – North Easton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1882 Grange Sard Jr. House – Albany, New York</li> <li>1882 <a href="/wiki/Mary_Fiske_Stoughton_House" title="Mary Fiske Stoughton House">Mary Fiske Stoughton House</a> – Cambridge, Massachusetts</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Billings_Memorial_Library" title="Billings Memorial Library">Billings Memorial Library</a> – Burlington, Vermont</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Railroad_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut River Railroad Station">Connecticut River Railroad Station</a> – Holyoke, Massachusetts</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_Courthouse" title="Allegheny County Courthouse">Allegheny County Courthouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_Jail" title="Allegheny County Jail">Allegheny County Jail</a> – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine_Estate" title="Robert Treat Paine Estate">Robert Treat Paine Estate</a> – Waltham, Massachusetts</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Framingham_Railroad_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Framingham Railroad Station">Boston & Albany Railroad Station</a> – Framingham, Massachusetts</li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Billings_Memorial_Library" title="Billings Memorial Library">Billings Memorial Library</a> – Burlington, Vermont</li> <li>1884 <a href="/wiki/Boston_%26_Albany_Railroad_Station_(Newton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston & Albany Railroad Station (Newton)">Boston & Albany Railroad Station</a> – Newton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1884 <a href="/wiki/F.L._Ames_Gardener%27s_Cottage" class="mw-redirect" title="F.L. Ames Gardener's Cottage">F.L. Ames Gardener's Cottage</a> – North Easton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1884 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Baptist_Church_(Newton,_Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanuel Baptist Church (Newton, Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Immanuel Baptist Church</a> – Newton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1884 Ephraim W. Gurney House – Beverly, Massachusetts</li> <li>1884 <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Palmer,_Massachusetts)" title="Union Station (Palmer, Massachusetts)">Union Station</a> – Palmer, Massachusetts</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Converse_Memorial_Library" title="Converse Memorial Library">Converse Memorial Library</a>/Building – Malden, Massachusetts (National Historic Landmark)</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Warder_Mansion" title="Warder Mansion">Benjamin H. Warder House</a> – Washington, DC</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Bagley_Memorial_Fountain" title="Bagley Memorial Fountain">Bagley Memorial Fountain</a> – Detroit, Michigan</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/John_J._Glessner_House" title="John J. Glessner House">John J. Glessner House</a> – Chicago, Illinois (National Historic Landmark)</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Boston_%26_Albany_Railroad_Station(Wellesley_Hills)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston & Albany Railroad Station(Wellesley Hills)">Boston & Albany Railroad Station</a> – Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/New_London_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="New London (Amtrak station)">Union Passenger Station</a> – New London, Connecticut</li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Episcopal_Church_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)" title="Emmanuel Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)">Emmanuel Episcopal Church</a> – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</li> <li>1886 <a href="/wiki/Lululaund" title="Lululaund">Lululaund</a> or the Sir <a href="/wiki/Hubert_von_Herkomer" title="Hubert von Herkomer">Hubert von Herkomer</a> House – <a href="/wiki/Bushey" title="Bushey">Bushey</a>, Hertfordshire, England</li> <li>1886 <a href="/wiki/Dr._H.J._Bigelow_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. H.J. Bigelow House">Dr. H.J. Bigelow House</a> – Newton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1886 <a href="/wiki/Isaac_H._Lionberger_House" title="Isaac H. Lionberger House">Isaac H. Lionberger House</a> – St. Louis, Missouri</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Unity,_207_State_Street,_Springfield,_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of the Unity (1867–68)"><img alt="Church of the Unity (1867–68)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg/120px-Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg/180px-Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg/240px-Church_of_the_Unity%2C_207_State_Street%2C_Springfield%2C_MA_-_HABS_-_079483pu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4873" data-file-height="3463" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of the Unity (1867–68)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="William Dorsheimer House (1868)"><img alt="William Dorsheimer House (1868)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG/120px-Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG/180px-Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG/240px-Dorsheimer_House_Jun_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Dorsheimer_House" title="William Dorsheimer House">William Dorsheimer House</a> (1868)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York State Asylum (1869)"><img alt="New York State Asylum (1869)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg/90px-Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg/135px-Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg/180px-Hotel_Henry_-_Richardson-Olmsted_Complex_-_20170607.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3006" data-file-height="4008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Olmsted_Complex" title="Richardson Olmsted Complex">New York State Asylum</a> (1869)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wattsshermanhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Watts Sherman House (1874–76)"><img alt="William Watts Sherman House (1874–76)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wattsshermanhouse.jpg/120px-Wattsshermanhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wattsshermanhouse.jpg/180px-Wattsshermanhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wattsshermanhouse.jpg/240px-Wattsshermanhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Watts_Sherman_House" title="William Watts Sherman House">William Watts Sherman House</a> (1874–76)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sever_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sever Hall (1878)"><img alt="Sever Hall (1878)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sever_Hall.jpg/120px-Sever_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sever_Hall.jpg/180px-Sever_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sever_Hall.jpg/240px-Sever_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1179" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sever_Hall" title="Sever Hall">Sever Hall</a> (1878)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_(North_Easton,_MA)_-_front_facade.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oakes Ames Memorial Hall (1879)"><img alt="Oakes Ames Memorial Hall (1879)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG/120px-Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG/180px-Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG/240px-Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall_%28North_Easton%2C_MA%29_-_front_facade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames_Memorial_Hall" title="Oakes Ames Memorial Hall">Oakes Ames Memorial Hall</a> (1879)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albany_capitol.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Western Staircase, New York State Capitol Building (late 1870s–80s)"><img alt="Great Western Staircase, New York State Capitol Building (late 1870s–80s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Albany_capitol.JPG/120px-Albany_capitol.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Albany_capitol.JPG/180px-Albany_capitol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Albany_capitol.JPG/240px-Albany_capitol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Western Staircase, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol Building</a> (late 1870s–80s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albany City Hall (1880)"><img alt="Albany City Hall (1880)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/81px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/121px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/162px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1876" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albany_City_Hall" title="Albany City Hall">Albany City Hall</a> (1880)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest,_June_2017.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="North Easton station (1881)"><img alt="North Easton station (1881)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG/120px-North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG/180px-North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG/240px-North_Easton_station_from_the_southwest%2C_June_2017.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/North_Easton_station" title="North Easton station">North Easton station</a> (1881)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegheny County Courthouse (1883)"><img alt="Allegheny County Courthouse (1883)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/117px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/176px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/235px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5335" data-file-height="5451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_Courthouse" title="Allegheny County Courthouse">Allegheny County Courthouse</a> (1883) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pxv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pxv_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a></span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rail, Tony: "William Priestley Vindicated, with a Previously Unpublished Letter", Enlightenment and Dissent, no. 28 (2012), 150–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stjosephplantation.com/about-us/history-of-st-joseph/">"The History of St. Joseph & Felicity – St. Joseph and Felicity Plantations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+St.+Joseph+%26+Felicity+%E2%80%93+St.+Joseph+and+Felicity+Plantations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjosephplantation.com%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory-of-st-joseph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Louise Christovich, et al. [ed.], <i>New Orleans Architecture, v. 2: The American Sector</i> (Gretna, LA), p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Rensselaer1959" class="citation book cs1">Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold (1959) [1888]. <i>Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works</i>. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson+and+His+Works&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Van+Rensselaer&rft.aufirst=Mariana+Griswold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p15-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Rensselaer_1959_p15_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Rensselaer1959" class="citation book cs1">Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold (1959) [1888]. <i>Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works</i>. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson+and+His+Works&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Van+Rensselaer&rft.aufirst=Mariana+Griswold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1992_p133-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1992_p133_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffen1992" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus (1992). <i>American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles</i> (Revised ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73097-6"><bdi>978-0-262-73097-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+Since+1780%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Styles&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=133&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-262-73097-6&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/henry-hobson-richardson.htm">"Henry Hobson Richardson"</a>. <i>American Architecture Series</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Architecture+Series&rft.atitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-arts-cork.com%2Farchitecture%2Fhenry-hobson-richardson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p224-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p224_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p224_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffenKoeper1981" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus; Koeper, Frederick (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/224"><i>American Architecture 1607-1976</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/224">224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3"><bdi>978-0-262-23105-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+1607-1976&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-262-23105-3&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Koeper%2C+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanarchitec0000whif%2Fpage%2F224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buffalo_State_Hospital-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buffalo_State_Hospital_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502033413/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1968&resourceType=Building">"Buffalo State Hospital"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmarks Program</i>. Washington, DC: National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1968&ResourceType=Building">the original</a> on May 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmarks+Program&rft.atitle=Buffalo+State+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1968%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p25-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p25_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/25"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1992_p135-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1992_p135_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffen1992" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus (1992). <i>American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles</i> (Revised ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73097-6"><bdi>978-0-262-73097-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+Since+1780%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Styles&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=135&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-262-73097-6&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p226-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p226_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p226_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffenKoeper1981" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus; Koeper, Frederick (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/226"><i>American Architecture 1607-1976</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/226">226</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3"><bdi>978-0-262-23105-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+1607-1976&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-262-23105-3&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Koeper%2C+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanarchitec0000whif%2Fpage%2F226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p231-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p231_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffenKoeper1981" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus; Koeper, Frederick (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/231"><i>American Architecture 1607-1976</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/231">231</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3"><bdi>978-0-262-23105-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+1607-1976&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-262-23105-3&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Koeper%2C+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanarchitec0000whif%2Fpage%2F231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demo-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demo_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzaniszlo2020" class="citation news cs1">Szaniszlo, Marie (December 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/12/27/preservationists-attempt-to-save-brookline-homes-from-demolition/">"Preservationists attempt to save Brookline homes from demolition"</a>. The Boston Herald<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Preservationists+attempt+to+save+Brookline+homes+from+demolition&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft.aulast=Szaniszlo&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2F2020%2F12%2F27%2Fpreservationists-attempt-to-save-brookline-homes-from-demolition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p13-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p13_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/13"><i>Living Architecture: A Biography of H.H. Richardson</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8"><bdi>978-0-684-83618-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Architecture%3A+A+Biography+of+H.H.+Richardson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83618-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingarchitectu00ogor%2Fpage%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p188-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p188_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/188"><i>Living Architecture: A Biography of H.H. Richardson</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/188">188</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8"><bdi>978-0-684-83618-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Architecture%3A+A+Biography+of+H.H.+Richardson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83618-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingarchitectu00ogor%2Fpage%2F188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JOTSOAH_May_1968-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JOTSOAH_May_1968_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._William_Rudd1968" class="citation journal cs1">J. William Rudd (May 1968). "The Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce Building". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Society_of_Architectural_Historians" title="Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians">Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</a></i>. <b>27</b> (2): 115–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F988469">10.2307/988469</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/988469">988469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=The+Cincinnati+Chamber+of+Commerce+Building&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-123&rft.date=1968-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F988469&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F988469%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=J.+William+Rudd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1997_p187-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1997_p187_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/187"><i>Living Architecture: A Biography of H.H. Richardson</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingarchitectu00ogor/page/187">187</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83618-8"><bdi>978-0-684-83618-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Architecture%3A+A+Biography+of+H.H.+Richardson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83618-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingarchitectu00ogor%2Fpage%2F187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlessnerFoundation1992" class="citation book cs1">Glessner, John Jacob; Foundation, Chicago Architecture (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCw3AQAAIAAJ&q=coop"><i>The story of a house: H.H. Richardson's Glessner House</i></a>. Chicago Architecture Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780962056239" title="Special:BookSources/9780962056239"><bdi>9780962056239</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+a+house%3A+H.H.+Richardson%27s+Glessner+House&rft.pub=Chicago+Architecture+Foundation&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780962056239&rft.aulast=Glessner&rft.aufirst=John+Jacob&rft.au=Foundation%2C+Chicago+Architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCw3AQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dcoop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, <i>H.H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works</i>, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982 p.227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Provost_1999-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Provost_1999_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.edu/~campus/billings/billingsprovost/billingshistoryprovost.html">"A Gem of Architecture: The History of The Billings Library"</a>. <i>Researching Historic Structures and Sites</i>. Burlington, Vermont: University of Vermont. December 2, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researching+Historic+Structures+and+Sites&rft.atitle=A+Gem+of+Architecture%3A+The+History+of+The+Billings+Library&rft.date=1999-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvm.edu%2F~campus%2Fbillings%2Fbillingsprovost%2Fbillingshistoryprovost.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochsner_1982_p227-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_p227_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchsner1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Karl_Ochsner" title="Jeffrey Karl Ochsner">Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hhrichardsoncomp00ochs/page/227"><i>H.H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hhrichardsoncomp00ochs/page/227">227</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1"><bdi>978-0-262-65015-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.H.+Richardson%3A+Complete+Architectural+Works&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-262-65015-1&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhhrichardsoncomp00ochs%2Fpage%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiffen_1981_p227-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p227_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whiffen_1981_p227_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiffenKoeper1981" class="citation book cs1">Whiffen, Marcus; Koeper, Frederick (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/227"><i>American Architecture 1607-1976</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarchitec0000whif/page/227">227</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23105-3"><bdi>978-0-262-23105-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Architecture+1607-1976&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-262-23105-3&rft.aulast=Whiffen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Koeper%2C+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanarchitec0000whif%2Fpage%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitchcock_1966_p210-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitchcock_1966_p210_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchock1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry-Russell_Hitchcock" title="Henry-Russell Hitchcock">Hitchock, Henry-Russell</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rhodeislandarchi00hitc/page/210"><i>The Architecture of H.H. Richardson and His Times</i></a> (3rd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rhodeislandarchi00hitc/page/210">210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-58012-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-58012-0"><bdi>978-0-262-58012-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+H.H.+Richardson+and+His+Times&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=210&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-262-58012-0&rft.aulast=Hitchock&rft.aufirst=Henry-Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frhodeislandarchi00hitc%2Fpage%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p41-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p41_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/41"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/41">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p43-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p43_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/43"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/43">43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochsner,_Jeffrey_Karl_1988_pages_109-131_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, "Architecture for the Boston & Albany Railroad," <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i> 47 (June 1988), pages 109-131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floyd_1997_p191-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p191_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/191"><i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i></a>. New York: Monacelli Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/191">191</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2"><bdi>978-1-885254-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson%3A+A+Genius+for+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-885254-70-2&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryhobsonricha00floy%2Fpage%2F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floyd_1997_pp191–192-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_pp191–192_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/191"><i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i></a>. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/191">191–192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2"><bdi>978-1-885254-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson%3A+A+Genius+for+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191-192&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-885254-70-2&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryhobsonricha00floy%2Fpage%2F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floyd_1997_p192-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p192_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/192"><i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i></a>. New York: Monacelli Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/192">192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2"><bdi>978-1-885254-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson%3A+A+Genius+for+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-885254-70-2&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryhobsonricha00floy%2Fpage%2F192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floyd_1997_pp193_and_200-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_pp193_and_200_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/193"><i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i></a>. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/193">193 and 200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2"><bdi>978-1-885254-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson%3A+A+Genius+for+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=193+and+200&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-885254-70-2&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryhobsonricha00floy%2Fpage%2F193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floyd_1997_p200-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Floyd_1997_p200_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/200"><i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i></a>. New York: Monacelli Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryhobsonricha00floy/page/200">200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885254-70-2"><bdi>978-1-885254-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Hobson+Richardson%3A+A+Genius+for+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-885254-70-2&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryhobsonricha00floy%2Fpage%2F200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp46–54-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp46–54_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/46"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/46">46–54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=46-54&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochsner_1982_p381-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_p381_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchsner1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Karl_Ochsner" title="Jeffrey Karl Ochsner">Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hhrichardsoncomp00ochs/page/381"><i>H.H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hhrichardsoncomp00ochs/page/381">381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1"><bdi>978-0-262-65015-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.H.+Richardson%3A+Complete+Architectural+Works&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-262-65015-1&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhhrichardsoncomp00ochs%2Fpage%2F381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitchcock_1966_p275-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitchcock_1966_p275_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchock1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry-Russell_Hitchcock" title="Henry-Russell Hitchcock">Hitchock, Henry-Russell</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rhodeislandarchi00hitc/page/275"><i>The Architecture of H.H. Richardson and His Times</i></a> (3rd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rhodeislandarchi00hitc/page/275">275</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-58012-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-58012-0"><bdi>978-0-262-58012-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+H.H.+Richardson+and+His+Times&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=275&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-262-58012-0&rft.aulast=Hitchock&rft.aufirst=Henry-Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frhodeislandarchi00hitc%2Fpage%2F275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p47-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p47_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/47"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p50-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p50_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/50"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp47-52-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp47-52_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/47"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/47">47–52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=47-52&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_pp57-58-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_pp57-58_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/57"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/57">57–58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman_1991_p58-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman_1991_p58_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Gorman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Gorman" title="James F. O'Gorman">O'Gorman, James F.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/58"><i>Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeamericanarc00jame/page/58">58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-62071-8"><bdi>978-0-226-62071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+American+Architects%3A+Richardson%2C+Sullivan%2C+and+Wright%2C+1865-1915&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-62071-8&rft.aulast=O%27Gorman&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreeamericanarc00jame%2Fpage%2F58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSAH_March_2009-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSAH_March_2009_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wright2009" class="citation journal cs1">Mark Wright (March 2009). "H. H. Richardson's House for Reverend Browne, Rediscovered". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Society_of_Architectural_Historians" title="Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians">Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</a></i>. <b>68</b> (1): 74–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjsah.2009.68.1.74">10.1525/jsah.2009.68.1.74</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jsah.2009.68.1.74">10.1525/jsah.2009.68.1.74</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=H.+H.+Richardson%27s+House+for+Reverend+Browne%2C+Rediscovered&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=74-99&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjsah.2009.68.1.74&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjsah.2009.68.1.74%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mark+Wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum_Architecture-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museum_Architecture_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104235642/http://www.ogdenmuseum.org/about/museum-architecture.html">"Museum Architecture and Design"</a>. <i>About the O</i>. New Orleans: Ogden Museum of Southern Art, University of New Orleans. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogdenmuseum.org/about/museum-architecture.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+O&rft.atitle=Museum+Architecture+and+Design&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogdenmuseum.org%2Fabout%2Fmuseum-architecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy_2007_pmissing-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roy_2007_pmissing_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2007" class="citation book cs1">Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). <i>A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses</i>. New England Rail Heritage Series. Pepperell, Massachusetts: Branch Line Press. pp. missing page citation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-942147-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-942147-08-7"><bdi>978-0-942147-08-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Field+Guide+to+Southern+New+England+Railroad+Depots+and+Freight+Houses&rft.place=Pepperell%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=New+England+Rail+Heritage+Series&rft.pages=missing+page+citation&rft.pub=Branch+Line+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-942147-08-7&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=John+H.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cummings_&_Overby_1961_HABS_p2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cummings_&_Overby_1961_HABS_p2_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummingsOsmund_R._Overby1961" class="citation web cs1">Cummings, Abbott L.; Osmund R. Overby (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=ma/ma0700/ma0750/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=1&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhh%3A@FIELD%28DOCID%2B@BAND%28@lit%28MA0750%29%29%29&next_filecode=e">"Boston and Albany Railroad Station: Photographs, Written Historical and Descriptive Data"</a>. <i>Historic American Buildings Survey</i>. Washington, DC: National Park Service. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+American+Buildings+Survey&rft.atitle=Boston+and+Albany+Railroad+Station%3A+Photographs%2C+Written+Historical+and+Descriptive+Data&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=Abbott+L.&rft.au=Osmund+R.+Overby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dhhdatapage%26fileName%3Dma%2Fma0700%2Fma0750%2Fdata%2Fhhdatapage.db%26recNum%3D1%26itemLink%3Dr%253Fammem%252Fhh%253A%40FIELD%2528DOCID%252B%40BAND%2528%40lit%2528MA0750%2529%2529%2529%26next_filecode%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochsner_1982_all-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ochsner_1982_all_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchsner1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Karl_Ochsner" title="Jeffrey Karl Ochsner">Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl</a> (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hhrichardsoncomp00ochs"><i>H.H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works</i></a></span>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. all. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-65015-1"><bdi>978-0-262-65015-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.H.+Richardson%3A+Complete+Architectural+Works&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=all&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-262-65015-1&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhhrichardsoncomp00ochs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Breisch, Kenneth A,. <i>Henry Hobson Richardson and the Small Public Library in America: A Study in Typology</i>, <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>, 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Henderson_Floyd" title="Margaret Henderson Floyd">Floyd, Margaret Henderson</a>, <i>Henry Hobson Richardson: A Genius for Architecture</i>, Monacelli Press, NY 1997</li> <li>Hitchcock, Henry Russell, <i>The Architecture of H. H. Richardson and His Times</i>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, NY 1936; 2nd ed., Archon Books, Hamden CT 1961; rev. paperback ed., MIT Press, Cambridge MA and London 1966</li> <li>Larson, Paul C., ed., with Susan Brown, <i>The Spirit of H.H. Richardson on the Midland Prairies: Regional Transformations of an Architectural Style</i>, University Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Iowa State University Press, Ames 1988</li> <li>Meister, Maureen, ed., <i>H. H. Richardson: The Architect, His Peers, and Their Era,</i> MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1999</li> <li>Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, <i>H.H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works</i>, MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1984</li> <li>Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, and Andersen, Dennis A., <i>Distant Corner: Seattle Architects and the Legacy of H. H. Richardson,</i> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>, Seattle 2003</li> <li>O'Gorman, James F., <i>Living Architecture: A Biography of H. H. Richardson,</i> Simon & Schuster, NY 1997</li> <li>O'Gorman, James F., <i>H. H. Richardson: Architectural Forms for an American Society,</i> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, Chicago 1987</li> <li>O'Gorman, James F., <i>H. H. Richardson and His Office: Selected Drawings,</i> David R. Godine, Boston 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_M._Roth" title="Leland M. Roth">Roth, Leland M.</a>, <i>A Concise History of American Architecture</i>, Harper & Row publishers, NY, NY 1979</li> <li>Shand-Tucci, Douglas, <i>Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800 - 1950</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, Amherst, MA 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Griswold_Van_Rensselaer" title="Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer">Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold</a>, <i>Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works</i>, Dover Publications, Inc. NY 1959 (Reprint of 1888 edition)</li> <li>Van Trump, James D., "The Romanesque Revival in Pittsburgh," <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>, Vol. 16, No. 3 (October 1957), pp. 22–29</li> <li>Wright, Mark, "H. H. Richardson's House for Reverend Browne, Rediscovered," <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>, Vol. 68, No. 1 (March 2009), pp. 74–99 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sah.org/docs/default-source/preservation-advocacy/2019-percy-browne-house-jsah-article.pdf">https://www.sah.org/docs/default-source/preservation-advocacy/2019-percy-browne-house-jsah-article.pdf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hobson_Richardson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:H._H._Richardson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:H. H. Richardson">H. H. Richardson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Richardson, Henry Hobson"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Richardson,_Henry_Hobson">"Richardson, Henry Hobson" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richardson%2C+Henry+Hobson&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Hobson+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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