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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Modern dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Folk dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals,_book_fairs,_and_other_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals,_book_fairs,_and_other_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Festivals, book fairs, and other events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals,_book_fairs,_and_other_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals, book fairs, and other events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals,_book_fairs,_and_other_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Music Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy_Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy_Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Comedy Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy_Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Children's Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Book Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Film-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Film subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Film actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Film directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Film criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_fiction,_poetry,_essays,_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_fiction,_poetry,_essays,_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary fiction, poetry, essays, and criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_fiction,_poetry,_essays,_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literary fiction, poetry, essays, and criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_fiction,_poetry,_essays,_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Children's_literature_and_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_literature_and_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Children's literature and poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_literature_and_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Film music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Folk music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vocal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Vocal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Instrumental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenian_country_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenian_country_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Slovenian country music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenian_country_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenska_popevka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenska_popevka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Slovenska popevka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenska_popevka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pop,_rock,_metal,_and_indie_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop,_rock,_metal,_and_indie_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Pop, rock, metal, and indie music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop,_rock,_metal,_and_indie_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singer-songwriters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singer-songwriters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.2</span> <span>Singer-songwriters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singer-songwriters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.3</span> <span>World music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punk_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punk_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.4</span> <span>Punk rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punk_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techno_and_tech-house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techno_and_tech-house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.5</span> <span>Techno and tech-house</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techno_and_tech-house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theatre subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Visual arts, architecture and design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visual arts, architecture and design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics_and_animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics_and_animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Comics and animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics_and_animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conceptual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conceptual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Conceptual art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conceptual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Graphics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illustration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illustration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Illustration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illustration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Talk:Culture of Slovenia">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj,_Slovenia,_European_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg/220px-Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg/330px-Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg/440px-Headgear_of_the_Folk_group_from_Kranj%2C_Slovenia%2C_European_Union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traditional_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional clothing">Traditional clothing</a> and headgear of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk group</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kranj" title="Kranj">Kranj</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg/220px-Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg/330px-Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg/440px-Postcard_of_Praetorian_Palace_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Palace" title="Praetorian Palace">Praetorian Palace</a> in the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Slovenia" title="Category:Slovenia">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa">Culture of Slovenia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Slovenian_history" title="Timeline of Slovenian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo" title="Samo">Samo's Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carniola" title="Duchy of Carniola">Duchy of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Slovenia">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Slovenia" title="Festivals of Slovenia">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovenia" title="Public holidays in Slovenia">Public holidays</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Slovenia" title="Art of Slovenia">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photography_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photography of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_painters" title="List of Slovenian painters">Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_photographers" title="List of Slovenian photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_sculptors" title="List of Slovenian sculptors">Sculptors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Slovenia">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_writers" title="List of Slovenian writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovene_language_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Slovene language poets">Poets</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Slovenia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_actors" title="List of Slovenian actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_musicians" title="List of Slovenian musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_composers" title="List of Slovenian composers">Composers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Slovenia">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Slovenia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Slovenia" title="Television in Slovenia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Slovenia" title="List of radio stations in Slovenia">Radio stations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovenia" title="Sport in Slovenia">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovenia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovenia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Slovenia">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia" title="Coat of arms of Slovenia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Slovenia" title="National anthem of Slovenia">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovenia" title="Portal:Slovenia">Slovenia portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Template:Culture of Slovenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Template talk:Culture of Slovenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Slovenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Slovene culture</b> is the culture of the <b><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></b>, a <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">south Slavic</a> ethnic group. It is incredibly diverse for the country's small size, spanning the southern portion of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, being the melting pot of Slavic, Germanic and Romance cultures while encompassing parts of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Alps" title="Eastern Alps">Eastern Alps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>. </p><p>Throughout history, the territory of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> has been home to a number of civilizations and its territory has been included in various European kingdoms and empires. Notably, Slovenia, alongside <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, was a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> for the majority of the 20th century. Slovenia’s culture is expressed through its history, traditions, literature, mythology, music, dance, literature, cuisine, sports, arts, film, theatre, monuments and more. The country is also home to multiple <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Freising_manuscripts" title="Freising manuscripts">Freising manuscripts</a> comprised the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language. Created in the late 10th century, it is also one of the oldest known Slovene documents. </p><p>The ancestors of Slovenes were Slavic inhabitants of the Slovenia and southern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Carantanians" title="Carantanians">Carantanians</a>. They were the first Slavic people in history to form a principality, which was aptly named <a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a>, and had an enduring cultural impact on the regions it encompassed. </p><p>Carantania was one of the first Slavic regions to be Christianized, and Slovenia’s national culture is deeply rooted in Christianity. While <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> is the predominant Christian faith in Slovenia, the country is also home to sizeable <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> communities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance">Dance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovenian_dancers_(48728350536).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg/220px-Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg/330px-Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg/440px-Slovenian_dancers_%2848728350536%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Slovenian dancers at the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Slovenia" title="National Gallery of Slovenia">National Gallery</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballet">Ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pino_Mlakar" title="Pino Mlakar">Pino Mlakar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pia_Mlakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pia Mlakar">Pia Mlakar</a> were the most notable ballet dancers and members of the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Opera_and_Ballet_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljubljana Opera and Ballet Company">Ljubljana Opera and Ballet Company</a> from 1946 to 1960. Pino Mlakar was also a full professor at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_for_Theatre,_Radio,_Film_and_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy for Theatre, Radio, Film and Television">Academy for Theatre, Radio, Film, and Television</a> (AGRFT) of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_dance">Modern dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1930s in Ljubljana was founded a <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Mary Wigman</a> dance school by her student <a href="/wiki/Meta_Vidmar" title="Meta Vidmar">Meta Vidmar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_dance">Folk dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Folk dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Folk dances in Slovenia include polka, waltz, and many regional specifics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals,_book_fairs,_and_other_events"><span id="Festivals.2C_book_fairs.2C_and_other_events"></span>Festivals, book fairs, and other events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Festivals, book fairs, and other events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Slovenia" title="Festivals of Slovenia">Festivals of Slovenia</a></div> <p>A number of music, theater, film, book, and children's festivals takes place in Slovenia each year. In 2012, Maribor was the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_Festivals">Music Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music festivals include the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Summer_Festival" title="Ljubljana Summer Festival">Ljubljana Summer Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lent_Festival" title="Lent Festival">Lent Festival</a>. Historically, among the most popular music festivals was the <a href="/wiki/Slovenska_popevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenska popevka">Slovenska popevka</a> festival. Between 1981 and 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Novi_Rock" title="Novi Rock">Novi Rock</a> festival was notable for bringing rock music across the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> from the West to the Slovenian and then Yugoslav audience. In <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoist</a> Yugoslavia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_festival_Ljubljana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazz festival Ljubljana (page does not exist)">Jazz festival Ljubljana</a> right after World War II has begun the long tradition of Jazz festivals in Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy_Festivals">Comedy Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Comedy Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best-known stand-up comedy festival is the <a href="/wiki/Punch_Festival" title="Punch Festival">Punch Festival</a> in Ljubljana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_Festivals"><span id="Children.27s_Festivals"></span>Children's Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Children's Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The children's festival celebrating the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipi_Longstocking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pipi Longstocking (page does not exist)">Pipi Longstocking</a> character is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikin_festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikin festival (page does not exist)">Pikin festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Velenje" title="Velenje">Velenje</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_Festivals">Book Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Book Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The book festivals include domestic <a href="/wiki/Slovene_book_fair" title="Slovene book fair">Slovene book fair</a> and foreign books <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_po_Frankfurtu" title="Frankfurt po Frankfurtu">Frankfurt po Frankfurtu</a> Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_actors">Film actors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Film actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovene film actors and actresses historically include <a href="/wiki/Ida_Kravanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida Kravanja">Ida Kravanja</a>, who played her roles as <i>Ita Rina</i> in the early European films, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metka_Bu%C4%8Dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metka Bučar (page does not exist)">Metka Bučar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the WW II, one of the most notable film actors was <a href="/wiki/Polde_Bibi%C4%8D" title="Polde Bibič">Polde Bibič</a>, who played a number of roles in many films that were well received in Slovenia, including <i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Cry,_Peter" title="Don't Cry, Peter">Don't Cry, Peter</a></i> (1964), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_Wings_of_Paper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On Wings of Paper (page does not exist)">On Wings of Paper</a></i> (1968), <i><a href="/wiki/Kekec%27s_Tricks" title="Kekec's Tricks">Kekec's Tricks</a></i> (1968), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flowers_in_Autumn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flowers in Autumn (page does not exist)">Flowers in Autumn</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Widowhood_of_Karolina_%C5%BDa%C5%A1ler" title="The Widowhood of Karolina Žašler">The Widowhood of Karolina Žašler</a></i> (1976), <i><a href="/wiki/Dedi%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dediščina">Heritage</a></i> (1986), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primo%C5%BE_Trubar_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primož Trubar (film) (page does not exist)">Primož Trubar</a></i> (1985), and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=My_Dad,_The_Socialist_Kulak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Dad, The Socialist Kulak (page does not exist)">My Dad, The Socialist Kulak</a></i> (1987). Many of these were directed by <a href="/wiki/Matja%C5%BE_Klop%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Matjaž Klopčič">Matjaž Klopčič</a>. He also performed in television and radio dramas.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibic_in_memoriam_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibic_in_memoriam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altogether, Bibič played over 150 theatres and over 30 film roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibic_in_memoriam_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibic_in_memoriam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_directors">Film directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Film directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film in Slovenia historically includes <a href="/wiki/Karol_Grossmann" title="Karol Grossmann">Karol Grossmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_%C4%8Cap" class="mw-redirect" title="František Čap">František Čap</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_%C5%A0tiglic" title="France Štiglic">France Štiglic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Pretnar" title="Igor Pretnar">Igor Pretnar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Poga%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Pogačnik">Jože Pogačnik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Zobec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Zobec (page does not exist)">Peter Zobec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matja%C5%BE_Klop%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Matjaž Klopčič">Matjaž Klopčič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Hladnik" title="Boštjan Hladnik">Boštjan Hladnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Jovanovi%C4%87_(theatre_director)" title="Dušan Jovanović (theatre director)">Dušan Jovanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitan_Mal" title="Vitan Mal">Vitan Mal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franci_Slak" title="Franci Slak">Franci Slak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karpo_Godina" title="Karpo Godina">Karpo Godina</a> as its most established filmmakers. Contemporary film directors <a href="/wiki/Filip_Robar_-_Dorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Filip Robar - Dorin">Filip Robar - Dorin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Cvitkovi%C4%8D" title="Jan Cvitkovič">Jan Cvitkovič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damjan_Kozole" title="Damjan Kozole">Damjan Kozole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janez_Lapajne" title="Janez Lapajne">Janez Lapajne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marko_Okorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marko Okorn (page does not exist)">Marko Okorn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marko_Naber%C5%A1nik" title="Marko Naberšnik">Marko Naberšnik</a> are among the representatives of the so-called "Renaissance of Slovenian cinema". Slovene screenwriters, who are not film directors, include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C5%A1a_Vuga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saša Vuga (page does not exist)">Saša Vuga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miha_Mazzini" title="Miha Mazzini">Miha Mazzini</a>. Women film directors include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polona_Sepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polona Sepe (page does not exist)">Polona Sepe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanna_A._W._Slak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanna A. W. Slak (page does not exist)">Hanna A. W. Slak</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maja_Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maja Weiss (page does not exist)">Maja Weiss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most notable documentaries made by Slovenian directors include the humanitarian films by <a href="/wiki/Tomo_Kri%C5%BEnar" title="Tomo Križnar">Tomo Križnar</a> on the Nuba people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_criticism">Film criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Film criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovene film critics include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvan_Furlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvan Furlan (page does not exist)">Silvan Furlan</a>, the founder of the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovenian_Cinematheque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenian Cinematheque (page does not exist)">Slovenian Cinematheque</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zdenko_Vrdlovec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zdenko Vrdlovec (page does not exist)">Zdenko Vrdlovec</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_%C5%A0tefan%C4%8Di%C4%8D_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Štefančič Jr. (page does not exist)">Marcel Štefančič Jr.</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Popek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Popek (page does not exist)">Simon Popek</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_fiction,_poetry,_essays,_and_criticism"><span id="Literary_fiction.2C_poetry.2C_essays.2C_and_criticism"></span>Literary fiction, poetry, essays, and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literary fiction, poetry, essays, and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene literature</a></div> <p>Around the year 1000, the <a href="/wiki/Freising_manuscripts" title="Freising manuscripts">Freising manuscripts</a> were written, which are the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language and the oldest document in Slovene. </p><p>Slovene writing in the Middle Ages was heavily influenced by Austrians and the German language, as they were continuously joined with them in various states. </p><p>Literature written in <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> was founded in the 16th century by <a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a>, who wrote the first Slovene books Abecednik and Katekizem, and <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation_in_the_Slovene_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation in the Slovene Lands">other Protestant Reformers</a>, that formed the modern Slovene language out of the dialects of three central parts of Duchy of Carniola (Kranjska); <a href="/wiki/Upper_Carniola" title="Upper Carniola">Upper Carniola</a> (Gorenjska), <a href="/wiki/Inner_Carniola" title="Inner Carniola">Inner Carniola</a> (Notranjska) and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Carniola" title="Lower Carniola">Lower Carniola</a> (Dolenjska). </p><p>Poetry in Slovene achieved its highest level with the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic</a> poet <a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">France Prešeren</a> (1800–1849). In the 20th century, the Slovene literary fiction went through several periods: the beginning of the century was marked by the authors of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Modernism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovene Modernism (page does not exist)">Slovene Modernism</a>, with the most influential Slovene writer and playwright, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Cankar" title="Ivan Cankar">Ivan Cankar</a>; it was then followed by <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sre%C4%8Dko_Kosovel" title="Srečko Kosovel">Srečko Kosovel</a>), avantgardism (<a href="/wiki/Anton_Podbev%C5%A1ek" title="Anton Podbevšek">Anton Podbevšek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdo_Delak" title="Ferdo Delak">Ferdo Delak</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ciril_Kosma%C4%8D" title="Ciril Kosmač">Ciril Kosmač</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%BEihov_Voranc" title="Prežihov Voranc">Prežihov Voranc</a>) before World War II, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poetry_of_resistance_and_revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poetry of resistance and revolution (page does not exist)">poetry of resistance and revolution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karel_Destovnik_Kajuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel Destovnik Kajuh">Karel Destovnik Kajuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matej_Bor" title="Matej Bor">Matej Bor</a>) during the war, and <a href="/wiki/Intimism_(Slovene_poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intimism (Slovene poetry)">intimism</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poems_of_the_Four&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poems of the Four (page does not exist)">Poems of the Four</a>, 1953), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovenian_post-war_modernism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenian post-war modernism (page does not exist)">post-war modernism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kocbek" title="Edvard Kocbek">Edvard Kocbek</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existentialism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dane_Zajc" title="Dane Zajc">Dane Zajc</a>) after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s. There are several Slovene <a href="/wiki/Literary_magazines" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary magazines">literary magazines</a> that publish prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_literature_and_poetry"><span id="Children.27s_literature_and_poetry"></span>Children's literature and poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Children's literature and poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Music of Slovenia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Music of Slovenia</a> historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Gallus" title="Jacobus Gallus">Jacobus Gallus</a> (1550–1591), who greatly influenced Central European classical music, and the Baroque composer <a href="/wiki/Joannes_Baptista_Dolar" title="Joannes Baptista Dolar">Joannes Baptista Dolar</a> (ca. 1620–1673). </p><p>During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering <a href="/wiki/Minnesinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesinger">minnesingers</a>. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in the 16th century, music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eni_Psalmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eni Psalmi (page does not exist)">Eni Psalmi</a></i>, was published in 1567. This period saw the rise of musicians like <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Gallus" title="Jacobus Gallus">Jacobus Gallus</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Slatkonia" title="George Slatkonia">George Slatkonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1701, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Berthold_von_H%C3%B6ffer" title="Johann Berthold von Höffer">Johann Berthold von Höffer</a> (1667–1718), a nobleman and amateur composer from Ljubljana, founded the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Philharmonics" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Philharmonics">Academia Philharmonicorum Labacensis</a>, as one of the oldest such institutions in Europe, based on Italian models.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composers of Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Lieder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieder">Lieder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">art songs</a> include <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adami%C4%8D" title="Emil Adamič">Emil Adamič</a> (1877–1936), <a href="/wiki/Fran_Gerbi%C4%8D" title="Fran Gerbič">Fran Gerbič</a> (1840–1917), <a href="/wiki/Alojz_Ger%C5%BEini%C4%8D" title="Alojz Geržinič">Alojz Geržinič</a> (1915–2008), <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ipavec" title="Benjamin Ipavec">Benjamin Ipavec</a> (1829–1908), <a href="/wiki/Davorin_Jenko" title="Davorin Jenko">Davorin Jenko</a> (1835–1914), <a href="/wiki/Anton_Lajovic" title="Anton Lajovic">Anton Lajovic</a> (1878–1960), <a href="/wiki/Kamilo_Ma%C5%A1ek" title="Kamilo Mašek">Kamilo Mašek</a> (1831–1859), <a href="/wiki/Josip_Pav%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Josip Pavčič">Josip Pavčič</a> (1870–1949), <a href="/wiki/Zorko_Prelovec" title="Zorko Prelovec">Zorko Prelovec</a> (1887–1939), and <a href="/wiki/Lucijan_Marija_%C5%A0kerjanc" title="Lucijan Marija Škerjanc">Lucijan Marija Škerjanc</a> (1900–1973). </p><p>In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a> was spreading across Slovenia, which soon produced composers <a href="/wiki/Marij_Kogoj" title="Marij Kogoj">Marij Kogoj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Osterc" title="Slavko Osterc">Slavko Osterc</a>. Avant-garde <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">classical music</a> arose in Slovenia in the 1960s, largely due to the work of <a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_Krek" title="Uroš Krek">Uroš Krek</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dane_Skerl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dane Skerl (page does not exist)">Dane Škerl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primoz_Ramovs" class="mw-redirect" title="Primoz Ramovs">Primož Ramovš</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Petric" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivo Petric">Ivo Petrić</a>, who also conducted the <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Osterc_Ensemble" title="Slavko Osterc Ensemble">Slavko Osterc Ensemble</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Je%C5%BE" title="Jakob Jež">Jakob Jež</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darijan_Bo%C5%BEi%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darijan Božič (page does not exist)">Darijan Božič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lojze_Lebi%C4%8D" title="Lojze Lebič">Lojze Lebič</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vinko_Globokar" title="Vinko Globokar">Vinko Globokar</a> have since composed enduring works, especially Globokar's <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Armonia" title="L'Armonia">L'Armonia</a></i>, an opera. </p><p>Modern composers include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uro%C5%A1_Rojko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uroš Rojko (page does not exist)">Uroš Rojko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toma%C5%BE_Svete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomaž Svete (page does not exist)">Tomaž Svete</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brina_Je%C5%BE-Brezav%C5%A1%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brina Jež-Brezavšček (page does not exist)">Brina Jež-Brezavšček</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Kantu%C5%A1er" title="Božidar Kantušer">Božidar Kantušer</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldo_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldo Kumar (page does not exist)">Aldo Kumar</a>. Kumar's <i>Sonata z igro 12</i> (<i>A sonata with a play 12</i>), a set of variations on a rising <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic scale</a>, is particularly notable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Slovene_National_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene National Opera and Ballet Theatre">Slovene National Opera and Ballet Theatre</a> serves as the national opera and ballet house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_music">Film music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The composer of <a href="/wiki/Film_scores" class="mw-redirect" title="Film scores">film scoress</a> for 170 films was <a href="/wiki/Bojan_Adami%C4%8D" title="Bojan Adamič">Bojan Adamič</a> (1912–1995).<sup id="cite_ref-DSS2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSS2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vocal">Vocal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Vocal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">Harmony</a> singing is a deep-rooted tradition in Slovenia, and is at least three-part singing (four voices), while in some regions even up to eight-part singing (nine voices). Slovenian folk songs, thus, usually resounds soft and harmonious, and are very seldom in a minor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Instrumental">Instrumental</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Instrumental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Slovenian folk music is performed on Styrian harmonica (the oldest type of accordion), fiddle, clarinet, <a href="/wiki/Zithers" class="mw-redirect" title="Zithers">zithers</a>, flute, and by brass bands of alpine type. In <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">eastern Slovenia</a>, fiddle and cimbalon bands are called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velike_goslarije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velike goslarije (page does not exist)">velike goslarije</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slovenian_country_music">Slovenian country music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Slovenian country music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slak_lojze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slak_lojze.jpg/220px-Slak_lojze.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slak_lojze.jpg/330px-Slak_lojze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slak_lojze.jpg/440px-Slak_lojze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Folk musician <a href="/wiki/Lojze_Slak" title="Lojze Slak">Lojze Slak</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1952 on, the <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Avsenik" title="Slavko Avsenik">Slavko Avsenik</a>'s band began to appear in broadcasts, movies, and concerts all over <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, inventing the original "<a href="/wiki/Gorenjska" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorenjska">Oberkrainer</a>" country sound that has become the primary vehicle of ethnic musical expression not only in Slovenia, but also in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>, spawning hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> orchestras in the process. The band produced nearly 1000 original compositions, an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian-style_polka" title="Slovenian-style polka">Slovenian-style polka</a> legacy. Avsenik's most popular <i>instrumental</i> composition is the polka that is titled "Na Golici" (in Slovene), or "Trompetenecho" (in German), and "Trumpet Echoes" (in English). <a href="/wiki/Oberkrainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberkrainer">Oberkrainer</a> music, which the Avsenik Ensemble popularized, is always a strong candidate for the country (folk) music awards in Slovenia and Austria. </p><p>Many musicians followed Avsenik's steps, one of the most famous being <a href="/wiki/Lojze_Slak" title="Lojze Slak">Lojze Slak</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenska_popevka">Slovenska popevka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Slovenska popevka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A similarly high standing in Slovene culture, like the <a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a>, has had in Italian culture, was attributed to the <i>Slovenska popevka</i>, a specific genre of popular Slovene music.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Among pop, rock, industrial, and indie musicians, the most popular in Slovenia include <a href="/wiki/Laibach_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laibach (band)">Laibach</a>, an early 1980s <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a> group, and most recently the Slovenian pop <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> band <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_Jazzile" title="Perpetuum Jazzile">Perpetuum Jazzile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pop,_rock,_metal,_and_indie_music"><span id="Pop.2C_rock.2C_metal.2C_and_indie_music"></span>Pop, rock, metal, and indie music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Pop, rock, metal, and indie music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_square_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The industrial group Laibach during a performance in Koper, 2008"><img alt="The industrial group Laibach during a performance in Koper, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red_square_1.jpg/80px-Red_square_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red_square_1.jpg/120px-Red_square_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red_square_1.jpg/160px-Red_square_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial</a> group <a href="/wiki/Laibach_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laibach (band)">Laibach</a> during a performance in <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>, 2008</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The folk rock singer-songwriter Vlado Kreslin during a concert at the Lent Festival in Maribor, 2009"><img alt="The folk rock singer-songwriter Vlado Kreslin during a concert at the Lent Festival in Maribor, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg/120px-2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg/180px-2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg/240px-2009_Lent_Festival_-_Vlado_Kreslin_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Kreslin" title="Vlado Kreslin">Vlado Kreslin</a> during a concert at the <a href="/wiki/Lent_Festival" title="Lent Festival">Lent Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ana_Pupedan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A performance of the folk rock group Ana Pupedan from Pivka"><img alt="A performance of the folk rock group Ana Pupedan from Pivka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ana_Pupedan.jpg/120px-Ana_Pupedan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ana_Pupedan.jpg/180px-Ana_Pupedan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ana_Pupedan.jpg/240px-Ana_Pupedan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A performance of the folk rock group <a href="/wiki/Ana_Pupedan" title="Ana Pupedan">Ana Pupedan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pivka" title="Pivka">Pivka</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Other popular bands, most largely unknown outside the country, include <a href="/wiki/Negligence_(band)" title="Negligence (band)">Negligence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvis_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvis Jackson (page does not exist)">Elvis Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">ska punk</a>), <a href="/wiki/La%C4%8Dni_Franz" title="Lačni Franz">Lačni Franz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohem" title="Bohem">Bohem</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puppetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puppetz (page does not exist)">Puppetz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Indie</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabu_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabu (band) (page does not exist)">Tabu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dru%C5%A1tvo_Mrtvih_Pesnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Društvo Mrtvih Pesnikov (page does not exist)">Društvo Mrtvih Pesnikov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pop-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop-rock">pop-rock</a>), <a href="/wiki/Naio_Ssaion" title="Naio Ssaion">Naio Ssaion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Terrafolk" title="Terrafolk">Terrafolk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_Fat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leaf Fat (page does not exist)">Leaf Fat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Screamo" title="Screamo">screamo</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avven (page does not exist)">Avven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_Jazzile" title="Perpetuum Jazzile">Perpetuum Jazzile</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpe_Diem_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carpe Diem (band) (page does not exist)">Carpe Diem</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ank_Rock" title="Šank Rock">Šank Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Foot_Mama" title="Big Foot Mama">Big Foot Mama</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogurt(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogurt(band) (page does not exist)">Yogurt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levitan_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levitan (band) (page does not exist)">Levitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_D" title="Dan D">Dan D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_to_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time to time (page does not exist)">Time to time</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flirrt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flirrt (page does not exist)">Flirrt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zablujena_generacija" title="Zablujena generacija">Zablujena generacija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slon_in_Sade%C5%BE" title="Slon in Sadež">Slon in Sadež</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katalena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katalena (page does not exist)">Katalena</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Partyzani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Partyzani (page does not exist)">Rock Partyzani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyam(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyam(band) (page does not exist)">Shyam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eroika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eroika (page does not exist)">Eroika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hic_et_Nunc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hic et Nunc (page does not exist)">Hic et Nunc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devil_Doll_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil Doll (band)">Devil Doll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chateau_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chateau (band) (page does not exist)">Chateau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Posodi_mi_j%C3%BCrja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posodi mi jürja (page does not exist)">Posodi mi jürja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rok%27n%27band&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rok'n'band (page does not exist)">Rok'n'band</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čuki (page does not exist)">Čuki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juliette_Justine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juliette Justine (page does not exist)">Juliette Justine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zakloni%C5%A1%C4%8De_Prepeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaklonišče Prepeva">Zaklonišče Prepeva</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psycho-Path&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psycho-Path (page does not exist)">Psycho-Path</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekadent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekadent (page does not exist)">Dekadent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Buldo%C5%BEer" title="Buldožer">Buldožer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>), and most recently <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_Jazzile" title="Perpetuum Jazzile">Perpetuum Jazzile</a> with more than 12 million views combined for the two <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> "<a href="/wiki/Africa_(Toto_song)" title="Africa (Toto song)">Africa</a>" performance videos since their publishing on YouTube in May 2009 until September 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-youtube_africa_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube_africa-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earning them kudos from the song's co-writer, <a href="/wiki/David_Paich" title="David Paich">David Paich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singer-songwriters">Singer-songwriters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Singer-songwriters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovenian post-WWII singer-songwriters include <a href="/wiki/Frane_Mil%C4%8Dinski" title="Frane Milčinski">Frane Milčinski</a> (1914–1988), <a href="/wiki/Toma%C5%BE_Pengov" title="Tomaž Pengov">Tomaž Pengov</a> whose 1973 album <i>Odpotovanja</i> is considered to be the first singer-songwriter album in <a href="/wiki/Former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Yugoslavia">former Yugoslavia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toma%C5%BE_Domicelj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomaž Domicelj (page does not exist)">Tomaž Domicelj</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marko_Brecelj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marko Brecelj (page does not exist)">Marko Brecelj</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_%C5%A0ifrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Šifrer (page does not exist)">Andrej Šifrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eva_Sr%C5%A1en" title="Eva Sršen">Eva Sršen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neca_Falk" title="Neca Falk">Neca Falk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jani_Kova%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Jani Kovačič">Jani Kovačič</a>. After 1990, <a href="/wiki/Adi_Smolar" title="Adi Smolar">Adi Smolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iztok_Mlakar" title="Iztok Mlakar">Iztok Mlakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vita_Mavri%C4%8D" title="Vita Mavrič">Vita Mavrič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Kreslin" title="Vlado Kreslin">Vlado Kreslin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Predin" title="Zoran Predin">Zoran Predin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lov%C5%A1in" title="Peter Lovšin">Peter Lovšin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magnifico_(musician)" title="Magnifico (musician)">Magnifico</a> have been popular in Slovenia, as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_music">World music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: World music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Bratko_Bibi%C4%8D" title="Bratko Bibič">Bratko Bibič</a>'s band <a href="/wiki/Begnagrad" title="Begnagrad">Begnagrad</a> is considered one of the direct influences on modern <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>. Bibič's unique <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> style, often solo, with no accompaniment, has also made him a solo star. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Punk_rock">Punk rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Punk rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> was the center for <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoist</a> Yugoslavia. The most famous representatives of this genre were <a href="/wiki/Pankrti" title="Pankrti">Pankrti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niet" title="Niet">Niet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lublanski_Psi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lublanski Psi (page does not exist)">Lublanski Psi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cao_Pi%C4%8Dke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čao Pičke (page does not exist)">Čao Pičke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Ofenziva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Ofenziva (page does not exist)">Via Ofenziva</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=To%C5%BEibabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tožibabe (page does not exist)">Tožibabe</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otroci_Socializma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otroci Socializma (page does not exist)">Otroci Socializma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Techno_and_tech-house">Techno and tech-house</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Techno and tech-house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovenia has also produced two renowned DJs: <a href="/wiki/DJ_Umek" title="DJ Umek">DJ Umek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentino_Kanzyani" title="Valentino Kanzyani">Valentino Kanzyani</a>. Specialising in a frantic brand of party techno and tech-house, the pair co-founded the label <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recycled_Loops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recycled Loops (page does not exist)">Recycled Loops</a> as well as having many releases on labels such as Novamute, Primate, Intec, and Bassethound Records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre">Theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovenia has a strong tradition of live theatre. Both professional and amateur theatre are financially supported by the government. Professional theatre in Slovenia runs in a repertory system; the majority of professional theatres employ an ensemble of actors, and produce a season with four to twelve plays. The plays stay on repertory for a minimum of one season, but often, shows continue playing for a few years. There are four national theatres in Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Slovene_National_Theatre,_Ljubljana" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene National Theatre, Ljubljana">Slovene National Theatre, Ljubljana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maribor_National_Drama_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maribor National Drama Theatre">Maribor National Drama Theatre</a>, Slovene National Opera in Ljubljana and Slovene National Theatre in Nova Gorica. In addition, there are other nationally funded repertory theatres Mestno Gledalisce Ljubljansko (City Theatre Ljubljana), Mladinsko Gledalisce Ljubljana, Presernovo gledalisce Kranj, Slovensko Ljudsko Gledalisce Celje, Mestno gledalisce Ptuj, Anton Podbevsek Teater Novo Mesto, Gledalisce Koper, Gledalisce Glej, and Mini Teater. Lastly, Slovenia also has two national repertory theatres dedicated to producing puppetry; Lutkovno gledalisce Ljubljana and Lutkovno gledalisce Maribor. </p><p>Independent, small producers are also active in Slovenia, including <a href="/wiki/Physical_theatre" title="Physical theatre">physical theatre</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betontanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betontanc (page does not exist)">Betontanc</a>), <a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">street theatre</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Monr%C3%B3_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Monró Theatre (page does not exist)">Ana Monró Theatre</a>), <a href="/wiki/Theatresports" title="Theatresports">theatre sports</a> championship <a href="/wiki/Impro_League" title="Impro League">Impro League</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">improvisational theatre</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/IGLU_Theatre" title="IGLU Theatre">IGLU Theatre</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First theatrical performances in Slovenia date all the way back to the 18th century. Between 1715 and 1727, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kofja_Loka_Passion_Play" title="Škofja Loka Passion Play">Passion procession play was performed in the town of Skofja Loka</a>. However, the first play written and performed in Slovene is <i>Županova Micka</i> by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Toma%C5%BE_Linhart" title="Anton Tomaž Linhart">Anton Tomaž Linhart</a>, which premiered on 28 December 1789. The play was very influential in the formation of national cultural and linguistic identity. Slovenia at the time was not a sovereign country, and Slovene was not recognized as a language. The majority of literary works and business transactions were conducted in German, and Slovene playwriting, as well as discussions regarding the nature of Slovene identity, were closely connected with the formation of theatre. In 1879 a Dramatic Society was formed in Ljubljana as a formal attempt to professionalize and institutionalize theatre and playwriting in Slovenia. Between 1879 and 1941, there are several initiatives leading towards the professionalization of Slovene theatre; the first theatre venue is opened in Ljubljana before the end of 19.century, and the Drama Society operates as a kind of three-pronged organization under one umbrella. There are research and international dialogue forming a sort of institute-like branch, there is an early drama school educating performers, and a repertory theatre with a year-long full season. Between 1920 and 1941, the government tries to suppress the theatre, which springs back to life after 1941, when Slovenia joins Yugoslavia. In 1952 additional seven professional repertory theatres are founded by the national government and large municipalities who both provide ongoing long-term funding. The late 50's, 60's and 70's mark the time of a new wave of experimental, independent theatre in Slovenia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design"><span id="Visual_arts.2C_architecture_and_design"></span>Visual arts, architecture and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Visual arts, architecture and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Slovenia" title="Art of Slovenia">Art of Slovenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg/220px-Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg/330px-Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg/440px-Ivan_Grohar_-_Sejalec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1427" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sower_(Grohar)" title="The Sower (Grohar)">The Sower</a></i> (1907), by the Impressionist painter and musician <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Grohar" title="Ivan Grohar">Ivan Grohar</a>, became a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> for the Slovenes<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a reflection of the transition from a rural to an urban culture.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Slovenia's visual arts, architecture, and design are shaped by a number of architects, designers, painters, sculptors, photographers, graphics artists, as well as comics, illustration, and conceptual artists. The most prestigious institutions exhibiting works of Slovene visual artists are the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Slovenia" title="National Gallery of Slovenia">National Gallery of Slovenia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Ljubljana" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana">Museum of Modern Art</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Slovenia" title="Architecture of Slovenia">Architecture of Slovenia</a></div> <p>Slovenia, like most of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, boasts architectural styles from many periods and styles, specifically those connected to Austrian, Venetian and Hungarian historical states. <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern architecture</a> in Slovenia was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Max_Fabiani" title="Max Fabiani">Max Fabiani</a>, and in the mid-war period further by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik" title="Jože Plečnik">Jože Plečnik</a>, whose works in Slovene capital <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> received UNESCO recognition and shaped towns even outside of Slovenia, and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vurnik" title="Ivan Vurnik">Ivan Vurnik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Štravs2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Štravs2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the 20th century, the national and universal styles were merged by the architects <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Ravnikar" title="Edvard Ravnikar">Edvard Ravnikar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marko_Mu%C5%A1i%C4%8D" title="Marko Mušič">Marko Mušič</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comics_and_animation">Comics and animation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Comics and animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Milko_Bambi%C4%8D" title="Milko Bambič">Milko Bambič</a> is known for the first <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Negro_Bu-ci-bu" title="Little Negro Bu-ci-bu">Little Negro Bu-ci-bu</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-WIA2001-10-08_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIA2001-10-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an allegory of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a>'s career,<sup id="cite_ref-WIA2001-10-08_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIA2001-10-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as the creator of the <i>Three Hearts</i> (<span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">Tri srca</i></span>) brand, still used today by <a href="/wiki/Radenska" title="Radenska">Radenska</a>. After WW II, both the comics and animated advertisements drawn by <a href="/wiki/Miki_Muster" title="Miki Muster">Miki Muster</a> gained popularity in Slovenia. </p> <dl><dt>Animation</dt></dl> <p>The first Slovenian animated feature film was the 1998 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialization_of_a_Bull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialization of a Bull (page does not exist)">Socialization of a Bull</a>, made by <a href="/wiki/Zvonko_%C4%8Coh" title="Zvonko Čoh">Zvonko Čoh</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_Eri%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan Erič (page does not exist)">Milan Erič</a> who together drew fifty thousand frames during the ten years of its making. The first entirely <a href="/wiki/Computer_made_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer made animation">computer made animations</a> are the 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkmandeljc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkmandeljc (page does not exist)">Perkmandeljc</a> and the 2008 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cikorja_an%27_kafe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čikorja an' kafe (page does not exist)">Čikorja an' kafe</a>, both made by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%C5%A1an_Kastelic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dušan Kastelic (page does not exist)">Dušan Kastelic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conceptual_art">Conceptual art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Conceptual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual visual art</a> groups were formed, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=OHO_(art_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OHO (art group) (page does not exist)">OHO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 69 (page does not exist)">Group 69</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IRWIN" title="IRWIN">IRWIN</a>. Nowadays, the Slovene visual arts are diverse, based on tradition, reflect the influence of neighbouring nations, and are intertwined with modern European movements.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most known among Slovene interior designers is the designer of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_design" title="Scandinavian design">Scandinavian design</a>-inspired 1952 <a href="/wiki/Rex_(chair)" title="Rex (chair)">Rex</a> chair, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niko_Kralj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niko Kralj (page does not exist)">Niko Kralj</a>. His design is included in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Modern Art, New York">Museum of Modern Art</a> <a href="/wiki/MOMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MOMA">MOMA</a> in New York City. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elan_SCX" title="Elan SCX">Elan SCX</a> is one of the best <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a> items that changed the world ski industry. They were designed by the internationally known Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Elan_(company)" title="Elan (company)">Elan</a> company. Elan skis were depicted, even before <a href="/wiki/Elan_SCX" title="Elan SCX">Elan SCX</a>, in the 1985 <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a>, film series part <a href="/wiki/A_View_to_a_Kill" title="A View to a Kill">A View to a Kill</a> with Roger Moore. In the romantic comedy film <a href="/wiki/Working_Girl" title="Working Girl">Working Girl</a>, <i>Katharine Parker</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a>) was depicted as skiing on the <i>RC ELAN</i> model skis and poles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphics">Graphics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Graphics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War II, numerous graphics were created by <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Jakac" title="Božidar Jakac">Božidar Jakac</a>, who helped establish the post-war <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Visual_Arts_and_Design,_Ljubljana" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Visual Arts and Design, Ljubljana">Academy of Visual Arts</a> in Ljubljana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illustration">Illustration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Illustration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1917 <a href="/wiki/Hinko_Smrekar" title="Hinko Smrekar">Hinko Smrekar</a> illustrated the notable <a href="/wiki/Fran_Levstik" title="Fran Levstik">Fran Levstik</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Martin_Krpan" title="Martin Krpan">Martin Krpan</a> book about the Slovene folk hero. The children's books illustrators include a number of women illustrators, such as <a href="/wiki/Marlenka_Stupica" title="Marlenka Stupica">Marlenka Stupica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marija_Lucija_Stupica" title="Marija Lucija Stupica">Marija Lucija Stupica</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%C4%8Dka_Go%C5%A1nik_Godec" title="Ančka Gošnik Godec">Ančka Gošnik Godec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marjanca_Jemec_Bo%C5%BEi%C4%8D" title="Marjanca Jemec Božič">Marjanca Jemec Božič</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jelka_Reichman" title="Jelka Reichman">Jelka Reichman</a>. </p><p>Many generations of children have been educated by the technical and science illustrations created by <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEo_Kos" title="Božo Kos">Božo Kos</a> and published in Slovenian children's magazines, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciciban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciciban (page does not exist)">Ciciban</a>. </p><p>Recently, <a href="/wiki/Lila_Prap" title="Lila Prap">Lila Prap</a>'s illustrations gained popularity in Japan, where children's cartoons based on her illustrations have been televised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, painting and sculpture in Slovenia were in the late 18th and the 19th century marked by <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Matev%C5%BE_Langus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matevž Langus (page does not exist)">Matevž Langus</a>), <a href="/wiki/Biedermeier#Visual_arts" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tominz" title="Giuseppe Tominz">Giuseppe Tominz</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_visual_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic visual arts">Romanticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Michael Stroy</a>). The first art exhibition in Slovenia was organized in the late 19th century by <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Kobilca" title="Ivana Kobilca">Ivana Kobilca</a>, a woman-painter who worked in the <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)#Visual_arts" title="Realism (arts)">realistic</a> tradition. <a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionism (arts)">Impressionist</a> artists include <a href="/wiki/Matej_Sternen" title="Matej Sternen">Matej Sternen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matija_Jama" title="Matija Jama">Matija Jama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rihard_Jakopi%C4%8D" title="Rihard Jakopič">Rihard Jakopič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Grohar" title="Ivan Grohar">Ivan Grohar</a>, whose <i>The Sower</i> (Slovene: Sejalec) was depicted on the €0.05 <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_euro_coins" title="Slovenian euro coins">Slovenian euro coins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franc_Berneker" title="Franc Berneker">Franc Berneker</a>, who introduced impressionism to Slovenia. <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Espressionist</a> painters include <a href="/wiki/Veno_Pilon" title="Veno Pilon">Veno Pilon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tone_Kralj" title="Tone Kralj">Tone Kralj</a>, whose picture book, reprinted thirteen times, is now the most recognizable image of the folk hero <a href="/wiki/Martin_Krpan" title="Martin Krpan">Martin Krpan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_Slovene_national_monument_(created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg/220px-The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg/330px-The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg/440px-The_first_Slovene_national_monument_%28created_in_1889_by_Alojz_Gangl%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>The sculpture of the poet <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Vodnik" title="Valentin Vodnik">Valentin Vodnik</a> (1758–1819) was created by Alojz Gangl in 1889 as part of <a href="/wiki/Vodnik_Monument" title="Vodnik Monument">Vodnik Monument</a>, the first Slovene national monument.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1841, <a href="/wiki/Janez_Puhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Janez Puhar">Janez Puhar</a> (1814–1864) invented a process for photography on glass, recognized on 17 June 1852 in Paris by the Académie Nationale Agricole, Manufacturière et Commerciale.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gojmir_Anton_Kos" title="Gojmir Anton Kos">Gojmir Anton Kos</a> was a notable <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realist</a> painter and photographer between First World War and WW II. </p><p>The first photographer from Slovenia whose work was published by <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a> magazine is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arne_Hodali%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arne Hodalič (page does not exist)">Arne Hodalič</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The renewal of Slovene sculpture begun with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alojz_Gangl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alojz Gangl (page does not exist)">Alojz Gangl</a> (1859–1935), who made the first public monument of the notable <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> figure <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Vodnik" title="Valentin Vodnik">Valentin Vodnik</a> and provided <i>The Genius of the Theatre</i> and other statues for the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_National_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian National Opera and Ballet Theatre">Slovenian National Opera and Ballet Theatre</a> building.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ljubljanajazz.si/home/">Ljubljana Jazz Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723130107/http://en.ljubljanajazz.si/home/">Archived</a> 23 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an official site (in English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzejdivaca.si/o_muzeju/zgodovina/">Museum of Slovene Film Actors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diva%C4%8Da" title="Divača">Divača</a>, official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bibic_in_memoriam-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bibic_in_memoriam_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibic_in_memoriam_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/oder/umrl-je-polde-bibic-starosta-slovenskega-igralskega-ceha/287328">"Umrl je Polde Bibič, starosta slovenskega igralskega ceha"</a>. <i>Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija</i> (in Slovenian). 13 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prvi+interaktivni+multimedijski+portal%2C+MMC+RTV+Slovenija&rft.atitle=Umrl+je+Polde+Bibi%C4%8D%2C+starosta+slovenskega+igralskega+ceha&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtvslo.si%2Fkultura%2Foder%2Fumrl-je-polde-bibic-starosta-slovenskega-igralskega-ceha%2F287328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furlan, S. (1994) <i>Filmografija slovenskih celovečernih filmov: 1931 – 1993</i>. Slovenski gledališki in filmski muzej. Ljubljana.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmarchives-online.eu/partners/slovenian-cinematheque">filmarchives-online.eu</a> on Slovenian Cinematheque</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oto Luthar <i>The Land Between: A History of Slovenia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George J. Buelow (2004) <i>A history of baroque music</i>, p.701</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSS2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DSS2005_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSojar_Voglar2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sojar Voglar, Črt (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060520145325/http://www.dss.si/skladateljske-sledi.pdf"><i>Skladateljske sledi po letu 1900</i></a> [<i>Composers' Traces After 1900</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Slovenian and English) (2nd ed.). Society of Slovene Composers. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/961-91080-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/961-91080-2-7"><bdi>961-91080-2-7</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gorenjski+glas&rft.atitle=Je+%C4%8Dlovek+%C5%A1e+Sejalec&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft.aulast=Nagli%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Miha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorenjskiglas.si%2Fnovice%2Fgg_plus%2Findex.php%3Faction%3Dclanek%26id%3D22034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/pogled-na/ivan-grohar-sejalec/">"Pogled na ...: Ivan Grohar, Sejalec"</a> [A Look on...: Ivan Grohar, <i>The Sower</i>] (in Slovenian). 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Delo, d. d. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1854-6544">1854-6544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Delo.si&rft.atitle=Vurnikova+hi%C5%A1a+na+Miklo%C5%A1i%C4%8Devi%3A+najlep%C5%A1a+hi%C5%A1a+v+Ljubljani&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.issn=1854-6544&rft.aulast=%C5%A0travs&rft.aufirst=Smilja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delo.si%2Fclanek%2F147475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIA2001-10-08-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIA2001-10-08_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIA2001-10-08_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130223041340/http://www.wieninternational.at/en/content/slovenia%E2%80%99s-comic-scene-looks-backward-time-en">"Slovenia's comic scene looks backward in time..."</a> <i>Wieninternational.at</i>. Vienna: Compress VerlagsgesmbH & Co KG. 8 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wieninternational.at/en/content/slovenia%E2%80%99s-comic-scene-looks-backward-time-en">the original</a> on 23 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wieninternational.at&rft.atitle=Slovenia%27s+comic+scene+looks+backward+in+time...&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wieninternational.at%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fslovenia%25E2%2580%2599s-comic-scene-looks-backward-time-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428133728/http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju">"Razstava UZNLB v Bruslju – NLB"</a>. Nlb.si. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju">the original</a> on 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Razstava+UZNLB+v+Bruslju+%E2%80%93+NLB&rft.pub=Nlb.si&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlb.si%2Frazstava-uznlb-v-bruslju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040723081925/http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid=397&artikelid=7550">"Posta Slovenije d.o.o. : Stamp Land : Philately : Stamps : 2002 Stamps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid%3D397%26artikelid%3D7550">the original</a> on 23 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Posta+Slovenije+d.o.o.+%3A+Stamp+Land+%3A+Philately+%3A+Stamps+%3A+2002+Stamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posta.si%2FNamizje.aspx%3Ftabid%253D397%2526artikelid%253D7550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puhar.si/?J=202000004">"Life and work of Janez Puhar | (accessed December 13, 2009)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+and+work+of+Janez+Puhar+%26%23124%3B+%28accessed+December+13%2C+2009%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.puhar.si%2F%3FJ%3D202000004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Slovenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920032337/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/01/slovenia-river-excavation/kaufmann-text">Slovenia River Excavation</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a>, January 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1">Kiparstvo 19. in 20. stoletja</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001135943/http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1">Archived</a> 1 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, official website of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Slovenia" title="National Gallery of Slovenia">National Gallery of Slovenia</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Slovenia&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Slovenian_history" title="Timeline of Slovenian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo" title="Samo">Samo's Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Slovenia" title="List of islands of Slovenia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Slovenia" title="List of lakes of Slovenia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Slovenia" title="List of mountains in Slovenia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Slovenia" title="List of rivers of Slovenia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovenia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovenia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks 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title="Bank of Slovenia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovenia" title="Energy in Slovenia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ljubljana Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovenia" title="Telecommunications in Slovenia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Slovenia" title="Tourism in Slovenia">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Slovenia" title="Transport in Slovenia">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_Slovenia" title="Driving in Slovenia">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Slovenia" title="Highways in Slovenia">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Slovenia">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Slovenia" title="Category:Society of Slovenia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovenia" title="Demographics of Slovenia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Slovenia" title="Education in Slovenia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Slovenia" title="Healthcare in Slovenia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Slovenia" title="Squatting in Slovenia">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia#Visual_arts,_architecture_and_design" title="Slovenia">Architecture, visual arts, and design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_films" title="List of Slovenian films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Slovenia" title="Mass media in Slovenia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovenia" title="Public holidays in Slovenia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovenia" title="Sport in Slovenia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Slovenia" title="National symbols of Slovenia">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Slovenia" title="National anthem of Slovenia">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia" title="Coat of arms of Slovenia">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Slovenia" title="Outline of Slovenia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovenia" title="Category:Slovenia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovenia" title="Portal:Slovenia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture" title="Template:Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture" title="Template talk:Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">Culture of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Andorra" title="Culture of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Austria" title="Culture of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belarus" title="Culture of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belgium" title="Culture of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Culture of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Denmark" title="Culture of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Estonia" title="Culture of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iceland" title="Culture of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kazakhstan" title="Culture of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latvia" title="Culture of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Luxembourg" title="Culture of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Moldova" title="Culture of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Culture of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Poland" title="Culture of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Serbia" title="Culture of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Slovakia" title="Culture of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden" title="Culture of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ukraine" title="Culture of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Abkhazia" title="Culture of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Culture of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Culture of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Culture of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guernsey" title="Culture of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jersey" title="Culture of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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