Artificial intelligence

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chart to show the publishing history of editions of works about this subject. Along the X axis is time, and on the y axis is the count of editions published. <a href="#subjectRelated">Click here to skip the chart</a>.</span> <span class="count hidden chartZoom"> <a href="javascript:;" class="resetSelection small">Reset chart</a> or continue zooming in.</span> <span class="count chartUnzoom"> This graph charts editions published on this subject.</span> </div> <script type="text/json+graph" id="graph-json-chartPubHistory">[[1899, 23], [1900, 3], [1950, 1], [1954, 1], [1956, 1], [1957, 1], [1959, 5], [1960, 2], [1961, 2], [1962, 1], [1963, 8], [1964, 6], [1965, 12], [1966, 9], [1967, 10], [1968, 13], [1969, 20], [1970, 18], [1971, 15], [1972, 22], [1973, 20], [1974, 22], [1975, 25], [1976, 32], [1977, 34], [1978, 38], [1979, 45], [1980, 48], [1981, 59], [1982, 70], [1983, 76], [1984, 137], [1985, 171], [1986, 207], [1987, 276], [1988, 313], [1989, 299], [1990, 354], [1991, 328], [1992, 322], [1993, 258], [1994, 255], [1995, 231], [1996, 246], [1997, 295], [1998, 307], [1999, 268], [2000, 287], [2001, 298], [2002, 296], [2003, 299], [2004, 319], [2005, 404], [2006, 474], [2007, 464], [2008, 499], [2009, 564], [2010, 837], [2011, 958], [2012, 1227], [2013, 997], [2014, 848], [2015, 459], [2016, 531], [2017, 426], [2018, 710], [2019, 450], [2020, 500], [2021, 333], [2022, 177], [2023, 241], [2024, 98]]</script> <div class="chart"> <div class="chartYaxis">Editions Published</div> <div id="chartPubHistory" class="thisChart"> <noscript>You need to have JavaScript turned on to see the nifty chart!</noscript> </div> <div class="chartXaxis">Year of Publication</div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="head" id="subjectRelated"> <h2>Related...</h2> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Subjects</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/computer_science">Computer science</a>, <a href="/subjects/congresses">Congresses</a>, <a href="/subjects/artificial_intelligence_(incl._robotics)">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</a>, <a href="/subjects/data_processing">Data processing</a>, <a href="/subjects/engineering">Engineering</a>, <a href="/subjects/information_storage_and_retrieval_systems">Information storage and retrieval systems</a>, <a href="/subjects/data_mining">Data mining</a>, <a href="/subjects/computer_vision">Computer vision</a>, <a href="/subjects/software_engineering">Software engineering</a>, <a href="/subjects/computer_software">Computer software</a>, <a href="/subjects/expert_systems_(computer_science)">Expert systems (Computer science)</a>, <a href="/subjects/computational_intelligence">Computational intelligence</a>, <a href="/subjects/computer_networks">Computer networks</a>, <a href="/subjects/intelligence_artificielle">Intelligence artificielle</a>, <a href="/subjects/database_management">Database management</a>, <a href="/subjects/robotics">Robotics</a>, <a href="/subjects/information_systems">Information systems</a>, <a href="/subjects/optical_pattern_recognition">Optical pattern recognition</a>, <a href="/subjects/information_systems_applications_(incl._internet)">Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet)</a>, <a href="/subjects/information_retrieval">Information retrieval</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Places</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/place:united_states">United States</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:russia_(federation)">Russia (Federation)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:china">China</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:great_britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:earth">Earth</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:korea_(south)">Korea (South)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:london">London</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:new_york_city">New York City</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:england">England</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:geneva_(switzerland)">Geneva (Switzerland)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:mercury">Mercury</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:outer_space">Outer space</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:alpha_centauri">Alpha Centauri</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:delta_eridani">Delta Eridani</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:finmark_robot_corporation">Finmark Robot Corporation</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:hyper_base">Hyper Base</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:latin_america">Latin America</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">People</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/person:alan_mathison_turing_(1912-1954)">Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:alfred_lanning_(fictitious_character)">Alfred Lanning (Fictitious character)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:gilbert_and_sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:johann_sebastian_bach_(1685-1750)">Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:john_r._searle">John R. Searle</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:marvin_minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:multiple_people_and_species_are_featured.__see_the_wikipedia_entry_for_details_on_the_berserker_series_(httpsen.wikipedia.orgwikiberserker_(saberhagen))">Multiple people and species are featured. See the Wikipedia entry for details on the Berserker series (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berserker_(Saberhagen))</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:nick_bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:rené_descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:susan_calvin_(fictitious_character)">Susan Calvin (Fictitious character)</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Times</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/time:21st_century">21st century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:20th_century">20th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:2023">2023</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:2052">2052</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:21e_siècle">21e siècle</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1982">1982</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1998">1998</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:2015">2015</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:21st_century">21st Century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:far_future">Far future</a> </span> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="resultsAuthors" class="widget-box"> <div class="head"> <h3>Prolific Authors</h3> <div class="smallest lightgreen sansserif">who have written the most books on this subject</div> </div> <div class="unordered"> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL541899A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Janusz Kacprzyk</a>, </span> <span class="count">49 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL2908306A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Lakhmi C. Jain</a>, </span> <span class="count">46 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL251874A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a>, </span> <span class="count">40 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL401127A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Hutchison, David - undifferentiated</a>, </span> <span class="count">38 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7051308A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Ngọc Thanh Nguyễn</a>, </span> <span class="count">34 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3107618A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Ajith Abraham</a>, </span> <span class="count">27 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1007046A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">James F. Peters</a>, </span> <span class="count">24 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3185928A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">L. C. Jain</a>, </span> <span class="count">22 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7117861A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Tai-hoon Kim</a>, </span> <span class="count">21 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3401430A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)</a>, </span> <span class="count">20 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1708431A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Jaime G. Carbonell</a>, </span> <span class="count">19 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL629361A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Oscar Castillo</a>, </span> <span class="count">19 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6955868A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Ajith Abraham</a>, </span> <span class="count">19 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7831670A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Suresh Chandra Satapathy</a>, </span> <span class="count">19 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3317544A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Roger Y. Lee</a>, </span> <span class="count">18 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1233061A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">William B. Gevarter</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL26612A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Morton Wagman</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL2680861A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Max Bramer</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL2901090A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">David P. Casasent</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3179367A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Andrzej Skowron</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7073946A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Marina L. Gavrilova</a>, </span> <span class="count">17 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7206837A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">De-Shuang Huang</a>, </span> <span class="count">16 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1134858A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Donald Michie</a>, </span> <span class="count">15 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1918824A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">IEEE Computer Society</a>, </span> <span class="count">15 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7204298A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Emilio Corchado</a>, </span> <span class="count">15 books</span> <br/> </div> </div> <div class="spacer"></div> <div class="section clearfix"></div> </div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer> <div id="footer-content" > <div id="footer-links"> <div> <h2>Open Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/about/vision">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/partner-with-us">Partner With Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php" title="Jobs">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.openlibrary.org/">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton">Donate</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Discover</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Go home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/search" title="Explore Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/search/authors" title="Explore authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/subjects" title="Explore subjects">Subjects</a></li> <li><a href="/collections" title="Explore collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/advancedsearch" title="Advanced Search">Advanced Search</a></li> <li><a href="#top" title="Navigate to top of this page">Return to Top</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Develop</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/developers" title="Explore Open Library Developer Center">Developer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/api" title="Explore Open Library APIs">API Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/dumps" title="Bulk Open Library data">Bulk Data Dumps</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/wiki/Writing-Bots" title="Write a bot">Writing Bots</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Help</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/help">Help Center</a></li> <li><a href="/contact?path=%2Fsubjects%2Fartificial_intelligence" title="Problems">Report A Problem</a></li> <li><a href="/help/faq/editing" title="Suggest Edits">Suggesting Edits</a></li> <li><a href="/books/add" title="Add a new book to Open Library">Add a Book</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/releases" title="Release Notes">Release Notes</a></li> </ul> <aside> <a class="footer-icon" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/OpenLibrary"><img src="/static/images/tweet.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="footer-icon" title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary"><img src="/static/images/github.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> </aside> </div> <div> <h2>Change Website Language</h2> <ul class="locale-options "> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div id="footer-details"> <img id="archive-logo" src="/static/images/pantheon.png" alt="Open Library logo" loading="lazy"> <div id="legal-details" > <span>Open Library is an initiative of the <a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. 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