CINXE.COM
Home | Research | SDSU
<!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:title" content="Home"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://research.sdsu.edu/index.aspx"> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P5224TD');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- this is the headcode include --> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="https://use.typekit.net/alt8mpx.js"></script> <script>try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/college/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/college/oustyles.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!-- jQuery is loaded here to ensure news feed works properly --> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href='https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/images/_sdsu/favicon.ico' rel='shortcut icon' /> <!-- Add custom code --> <link href="/_resources/css/research.css?v=1.110" rel="stylesheet" /> <!-- Emergency Alerts --> <link href="https://research.sdsu.edu/ou-alerts/alerts-config.alerts.css?v=2.0-20200313143754" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/owl.carousel.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/css/owl.theme.default.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>Home | Research | SDSU</title> <meta name="Description" content="We are one of the top 100 public research universities in the nation."> <link href="/_resources/css/college/local.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <!-- After the opening body tag --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P5224TD" title="Google Tag Manager" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- Cut off side of banner images in mobile view --> <style> @media (max-width: 480px) { .owl-carousel .item{ overflow:hidden; } .owl-carousel .item img { width:600px; max-width:1000px; transform: translateX(-10%); } } .owl-carousel{ overflow:hidden; } </style> <header class="siteHeader thin"> <div id="skiptocontent"><a href="#maincontent">skip to main content</a></div> <nav id="siteNavigation" class="siteNavigation" aria-label="Primary navigation"><a class="menuClose visible-sm visible-xs" href="#">Close Menu</a> <div class="navigation-fixed-wrapper"> <div class="top-nav-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6"> <div class="title-bar-container"> <div class="title-bar-left"> <h1 class="logo"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/">San Diego State University</a></h1> </div> <div class="title-bar-right"><a href="/">Research<br />& Innovation</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6"> <nav class="aux" aria-labelledby="navbar-collapse-1"> <div id="navbar-collapse-1" class="navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav" > <li><a href="/research_affairs">Research Support Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://sdsu.inforeadyscale.com/hub">Engagement Hub</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.foundation.sdsu.edu/">Foundation</a></li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-right form-inline" role="search" action="https://www.sdsu.edu/search" method="get"> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search" class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="SEARCH" name="query" role="searchbox" aria-label="search SDSU" label="Search Box"/> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-search"><span class="fa fa-search"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-nav-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="mainNavigation navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/"><span class="fa fa-home" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Home</span></a></li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle hasChildren" href="#" data-delay="650" data-hover-delay="500" data-hover="dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Research@SDSU" aria-expanded="false">RESEARCH@SDSU</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li> <div class="mainnav-content"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/dri">ABOUT US</a></li> <li><a href="/history">RESEARCH HISTORY</a></li> <li><a href="/areas_of_excellence">AREAS OF EXCELLENCE</a></li> <li><a href="/centers_institutes">CENTERS AND INSTITUTES</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle hasChildren" href="#" data-delay="650" data-hover-delay="500" data-hover="dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Research News" aria-expanded="false">Research News</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li> <div class="mainnav-content"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/magazine">RESEARCH MAGAZINE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/experts-directory">FACULTY EXPERTS</a></li> <li><a href="/newsletter-sign-up">MONTHLY NEWSLETTER SIGN UP</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/undergrad/newsletter-sign-up">UNDERGRAD NEWSLETTER SIGN UP</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/newsletter-archive">NEWSLETTERS ARCHIVE</a></li> <li><a href="https://forms.gle/XqjRQ745DkyfJBLB9">SHARE YOUR RESEARCH NEWS</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.mainnav-content --></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle hasChildren" href="#" data-delay="650" data-hover-delay="500" data-hover="dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="innovation" aria-expanded="false">Innovation</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li> <div class="mainnav-content"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="HTTPS://research.sdsu.edu/entrepreneurship">INNOVATION @ SDSU</a></li> <li><a href="/tto">TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE</a></li> <li><a href="https://ziplaunchpad.sdsu.edu/">ZAHN INNOVATION PLATFORM LAUNCHPAD</a></li> <li><a href="https://lavincenter.sdsu.edu/">LAVIN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CENTER</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.techstars.com/accelerators/san-diego-state-university-accelerator">TECHSTARS SAN DIEGO POWERED BY SDSU</a></li> <li><a href="https://missionvalley.sdsu.edu/explore/innovation-district">MISSION VALLEY INNOVATION DISTRICT</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.mainnav-content --></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle hasChildren" href="#" data-delay="650" data-hover-delay="500" data-hover="dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Resources for Researchers">Resources for Researchers</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li> <div class="mainnav-content"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/research_affairs">RESEARCH SUPPORT SERVICES</a></li> <li><a href="/development_funding">RESEARCH ADVANCEMENT</a></li> <li><a href="/development_funding/funding_opportunities">FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES</a></li> <li><a href="/core_facilities">CORE FACILITIES</a></li> <li><a href="/research_affairs/albert_w_johnson">LECTURESHIP AND AWARDS</a></li> <li><a href="/development_funding/postdocs">POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLARS</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/federal-updates">FEDERAL UPDATES</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.mainnav-content --></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle hasChildren" href="#" data-delay="650" data-hover-delay="500" data-hover="dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Students Research">Student Research</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li> <div class="mainnav-content"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="https://grad.sdsu.edu/">GRADUATE STUDENTS</a></li> <li><a href="/undergrad">UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH</a></li> <li><a href="/sdsu_student_symposium">SDSU STUDENT SYMPOSIUM</a></li> <li><a href="/zahn_award">ZAHN SPIRIT OF INNOVATION AWARD</a></li> <li><a href="/undergrad/surp">SDSU UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAM</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- /.mainnav-content --></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="mobile-navigation-fixed-wrapper"> <div class="top-nav-bar-mobile"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-9"><!-- Title & Logo Bar --> <div class="title-bar-mobile visible-sm visible-xs"> <div class="title-bar-left"> <div class="logo"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/">San Diego State University</a></div> </div> <div class="title-bar-right"><a href="/"><small>Research<br />and Innovation</small></a></div> </div> <!-- End Title Bar --></div> <div class="col-xs-3"><a class="menuToggle btn btn-default visible-sm visible-xs" role="button" href="#siteNavigation">Menu</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="content" id="maincontent"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="owl-carousel-slideshow "> <div class="item"><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/undergrad"><img src="https://research.sdsu.edu/_resources/ldp-images/.private_ldp/a155477/production/master/f064ac81-be20-41bf-9152-acb829cfc0b0.jpg" alt="Students the field" class="img-responsive"><div class="carousel-caption"> <h3>STUDENTS. They are essential to our research enterprise</h3> <p>Undergraduates are immersed in research at SDSU. They are in our labs, helping with fieldwork here and abroad and co-authoring critical scientific papers.</p> </div></a></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://missionvalley.sdsu.edu/"><img src="https://research.sdsu.edu/_resources/ldp-images/.private_ldp/a155477/production/master/76b4b79d-6051-4f05-aab1-86c56d7c1fb6.jpg" alt="Mission Valley campus" class="img-responsive"><div class="carousel-caption"> <h3>GROWTH. A new hub for innovation in San Diego</h3> <p>More space for entrepreneurship, critical partnerships and crucial research is coming soon in Mission Valley</p> </div></a></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/research_enterprise"><img src="https://research.sdsu.edu/_resources/ldp-images/.private_ldp/a155477/production/master/adc95557-4d27-4c6c-b08a-57e9cfe51c00.jpg" alt="Physics Lab" class="img-responsive"><div class="carousel-caption"> <h3>DISCOVERY. We value the creation of new knowledge</h3> <p>Each year our researchers develop interventions, create technologies and make new discoveries.</p> </div></a></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/core_facilities"><img src="https://research.sdsu.edu/_resources/ldp-images/.private_ldp/a155477/production/master/001d97fd-a47d-4bc7-aa82-bfe5e7e92e6b.jpg" alt="Duck in a lake" class="img-responsive"><div class="carousel-caption"> <h3>STEWARDSHIP. We manage 6,600 acres of land in Southern California</h3> <p>We use this coveted resource to create protected habitats for wildlife and conduct vital ecological, climate and water research.</p> </div></a></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://research.sdsu.edu/entrepreneurship"><img src="https://research.sdsu.edu/_resources/ldp-images/.private_ldp/a155477/production/master/9c39fbd3-8119-4efd-b148-1f4582cc4416.jpg" alt="Students at Lavin Center" class="img-responsive"><div class="carousel-caption"> <h3>INNOVATION. We help faculty, researchers and students launch ventures</h3> <p>Our entrepreneurs are forming connections, making discoveries, building companies and dominating competitions.</p> </div></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="white"> <div class="container"> <p class="margin-top-40 red center-block text-center"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/r1"> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe title="SDSU is R1" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cwPc-1g9xwA?si=9xxfr-aO1PTrA1k0" width="560" height="314" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div></a></p> <h2 class="text-center margin-top-40 red"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/r1"><span class="btn btn-red">Learn more about R1</span></a></h2> <h2 class="text-center margin-top-40 red">Innovative. Interdisciplinary. Impactful.</h2> <p class="lead text-center">San Diego State University is an R1 institution, one of the top public research universities in the nation. Research, scholarship and creative activities engage students in hands-on education and lead to discoveries, interventions and solutions that improve communities and change the world.</p> <div class="margin-top-40 margin-bottom-40"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <p class="text-center"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/news/2024/07/sdsu-research-funding-sets-record-third-straight-year"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/_resources/image/2024-funding-total-stat-icon.png" alt="2024 Funding $229.8 million" width="400" height="400"></a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"><a style="color: #a6192e; outline: 0px;" title="College of Graduate Studies Website" href="https://grad.sdsu.edu"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/_resources/image/2023/docprograms2023.png" alt="25 doctoral programs" width="400" height="400"></a></div> <div class="col-md-3"> <p class="text-center"><a title="Undergraduate Research" href="/undergrad"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/_resources/image/2022/undergrads2022.png" alt="1,740 undergrads involved in research" width="400" height="400"></a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <p class="text-center"><a href="https://www.foundation.sdsu.edu/recent_awards.html"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/_resources/image/2024-funding-awards-stat-icon.png" alt="867 awards in 2024 " width="400" height="400"></a></p> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-center margin-top-40 red">Division of Research and Innovation</h2> <p class="lead text-center">SDSU's Division of Research and Innovation amplifies and invests in transformative research, scholarship and creative activities. The Division manages several programs, services and initiatives to enable discovery, public impact and innovation.</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p><a href="/development_funding"><span class="btn btn-red">External Funding Support</span></a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <p><a href="/development_funding/funding_opportunities"><span class="btn btn-red">Internal Funding & Awards</span></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p><a href="/entrepreneurship/index-1"><span class="btn btn-red">Entrepreneurship & Innovation</span></a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <p><a href="/research_affairs"><span class="btn btn-red">Research Support Services</span></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tan"> <div class="container"> <p> </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BWf-soqb-Zg?si=4LGjUHpDxg_0Rm3l" width="800" height="449" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div></div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2 class="red margin-bottom-30 margin-top-0">High-Impact Experiences</h2> <p class="lead">Involvement in entrepreneurship, student research, creative arts and student clubs transforms the college experience and helps students identify their passions. At SDSU, we encourage students to get a real taste of what it's like to be scholars in action.</p> <p class="lead"><a class="btn btn-red" href="/undergrad">Discover Undergraduate Research</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2 class="red margin-bottom-30 margin-top-0">Self-Driving Cars: The Next Computing Revolution</h2> <p class="lead">Autonomous vehicles rely on sophisticated technology to make decisions without direct human input. But is this technology safe? SDSU scientists and engineers are hopeful their research might soon allow computers to take the wheel.</p> <p class="lead"><a class="btn btn-red" href="https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=79052">Learn More</a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iGdzzA-jpNc" width="560" height="314" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" data-mce-fragment="1"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mHJxO3No6bE?si=ihIH_RngIrcplObw" width="800" height="449" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" data-mce-fragment="1"></iframe></div></div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2 class="red margin-bottom-30 margin-top-0">Creative Frontiers</h2> <p class="lead">Performers are innovators too. Our students and faculty devise new technologies to enhance musical and visual arts. SDSU's unique laboratories give students hands-on experience with the tools they need to be leaders across industries.</p> <p class="lead"><a class="btn btn-red" href="/core_facilities">Explore Research Facilities</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="white"> <div class="container"> <p class="h2"><span class="red">Impactful Scholarship</span></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <p> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ao4muHXoS7k" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div> </p> <h3 class="text-center"><a href="https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=78914" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Locating The Toxic ‘Needle In a Haystack’</a></h3> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <p> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rx8lFXy0ZtY?si=wbT2JqXKY0fJhrul" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div> </p> <h3 class="text-center"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/magazine/summer2023/of-fin-feather">Linking Ecosystems and the Economy Across the Border</a></h3> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <p> <div class="responsive-video"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uZw6dQ8-RjY?si=pmFghcNF3gGUg_Vg" width="300" height="168" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div> </p> <h3 class="text-center"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZw6dQ8-RjY&list=PLaAwMRFhKoCNVeB6D8UMSO_VVJv1CiPHw&index=3&t=134s">Landing Spacecraft on the Moon and Mars Repeatedly</a></h3> </div> </div> <p class="text-center"><a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaAwMRFhKoCNVeB6D8UMSO_VVJv1CiPHw&feature=shared"><span class="btn btn-red">More Research & Innovation Videos</span></a></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 social-icons"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/sdsuresearch"><span class="fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sdsuresearch"><span class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></span></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row footer-top"> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-5 col-lg-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-4"> <div class="footer-logo"><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/images/_sdsu/logo-2022/sdsu-footer-logo.png" alt="San Diego State University" /></a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-lg-8"> <p class="footer-address">5500 Campanile Drive<br /> San Diego, CA 92182 </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a title="Departments and Offices" href="https://www.sdsu.edu/departments">A-Z Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://directory.sdsu.edu/">Campus Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://map.concept3d.com/?id=801">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="https://parking.sdsu.edu/permits">Parking</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="https://bfa.sdsu.edu/hr/jobs/">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="https://brand.sdsu.edu/stratcomm/media-relations">Media Relations</a></li> <li><a href="https://give.sdsu.edu/">Give to SDSU</a></li> <li><a href="https://canvas.sdsu.edu/">Canvas</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/contact">General Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://status.sdsu.edu/">Network Status</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/strategic-plan">Strategic Plan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/newscenter-newsletter-signup">SDSU Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid footer-border"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="row footer-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-9 col-md-9"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <li>Copyright © 2025 San Diego State University</li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <li><a href="https://accessibility.sdsu.edu/">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/digital-privacy">SDSU Digital Privacy Statement</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/affirming-equal-opportunity">Affirming Equal Opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/feedback?utm_source=research&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=analytics">Feedback</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <li id="directedit">Last Update: July 18, 2016</li> <li><a href="https://www.sdsu.edu/document-readers">Document Readers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3 footer-social"> <a href="https://twitter.com/sdsuresearch"><span class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Twitter @sdsuresearch</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/college/navigation.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/college/scripts.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/bootstrap-hover-dropdown.min.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/jquery.direct-edit.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/college/news.js"></script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/bootstrap-sites.js"></script> <script src="/_resources/js/research.js?v=1.7"></script> <!-- Emergency Alerts --> <script src="https://research.sdsu.edu/ou-alerts/alerts-config.alerts.js?v=2.0-20200313143753"></script> <script> // archive alert processing if (document.getElementById(ouEmergencyAlerts.archivedAlertDivId)) { ouEmergencyAlerts.loadAlertFeed("processAlertFeedForArchivePage", "activeAlertFeed", "archiveActiveAlertHeading"); setTimeout(function() { ouEmergencyAlerts.loadAlertFeed("processAlertFeedForArchivePage", "archiveAlertFeed", "archiveAlertHeading"); }, 200); } // active alert processing ouEmergencyAlerts.determineActiveAlertOutput(); </script> <script type="text/template" id="oualerts-active-announcement"> <div id="oualerts-active-alert-display" class="oualerts-notify oualerts-notify-announcement oualerts-bottom oualerts-notify-info oualerts-animated-fast"> <div class="oualerts-notify-body"> {% if (o.showDate) { %} <div class="oualerts-notify-date">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts.alertDateFormat("F d, Y h:i A",o.pubDate)%}</div> {% } %} <h3 class="oualerts-notify-title"> <svg class="oualerts-notify-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 271 286"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M241.964 157.267v69.997c0 5.11-5.639 8.199-9.934 5.442l-86.454-55.51h-13.388l11.06 28.862c18.297 3.828 32.042 20.078 32.042 39.544 0 22.311-18.056 40.398-40.328 40.398-17.471 0-32.347-11.13-37.949-26.698l-.0122.005-31.4593-82.111h-5.3193C26.9624 177.196 0 150.187 0 116.869c0-33.3175 26.9624-60.3268 60.2222-60.3268h85.3538L232.03 1.0324c4.295-2.7574 9.934.3319 9.934 5.4417v69.9975h18.282c5.939 0 10.754 4.8231 10.754 10.7727v59.2497c0 5.95-4.815 10.773-10.754 10.773h-18.282zm-15.055 54.237l-75.278-48.334V70.5682l75.278-48.3337V211.504zm15.055-69.319h13.98V91.5533h-13.98v50.6317z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> {%=o.title%} </h3> {% if (o.subtitle) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-subtitle"><strong>{%=o.subtitle %}</strong></p> {% } %} {% if (o.description) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-msg"> {% if (o.guid) { %}<a href="{%=o.guid %}" title="{%=o.title%}" class="oualerts-notify-link">{% } %}{%=o.description %}{% if (o.guid) { %}</a>{% } %} </p> {% } %} <p class="oualerts-notify-footer"> <button class="oualerts-close-button" id="oualerts-close-button">Close</button> </p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="oualerts-active-warning"> <div id="oualerts-active-alert-display" class="oualerts-notify oualerts-notify-warning oualerts-bottom oualerts-notify-warning oualerts-animated-fast"> <div class="oualerts-notify-body"> {% if (o.showDate) { %} <div class="oualerts-notify-date">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts.alertDateFormat("F d, Y h:i A",o.pubDate)%}</div> {% } %} <h3 class="oualerts-notify-title"> <svg class="oualerts-notify-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 273 273"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M273 136.5c0 75.387-61.113 136.5-136.5 136.5C61.1131 273 0 211.887 0 136.5 0 61.1131 61.1131 0 136.5 0 211.887 0 273 61.1131 273 136.5zM123 58v105h27V58h-27zm0 157v-26.5h27V215h-27z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> {%=o.title%} </h3> {% if (o.subtitle) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-subtitle"><strong>{%=o.subtitle %}</strong></p> {% } %} {% if (o.description) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-msg"> {% if (o.guid) { %}<a href="{%=o.guid %}" title="{%=o.title%}" class="oualerts-notify-link">{% } %}{%=o.description %}{% if (o.guid) { %}</a>{% } %} </p> {% } %} <p class="oualerts-notify-footer"> <button class="oualerts-close-button" id="oualerts-close-button">Close</button> </p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="oualerts-active-emergency"> <div class="oualerts-notify-modal-overlay"> <div id="oualerts-active-alert-display" class="oualerts-notify oualerts-notify-emergency oualerts-modal oualerts-notify-error oualerts-animated-fast"> <div class="oualerts-notify-body"> {% if (o.showDate) { %} <div class="oualerts-notify-date">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts.alertDateFormat("F d, Y h:i A",o.pubDate)%}</div> {% } %} <h3 class="oualerts-notify-title"> <svg class="oualerts-notify-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 298 273"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M137.626 7.553c4.947-8.9403 17.801-8.9403 22.748 0l135.948 245.652c4.795 8.665-1.471 19.295-11.374 19.295H13.0524c-9.903 0-16.1695-10.63-11.3744-19.295L137.626 7.553zM136.5 85v100h25V85h-25zm0 149.5v-24h25v24h-25z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> {%=o.title%} </h3> {% if (o.subtitle) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-subtitle"><strong>{%=o.subtitle %}</strong></p> {% } %} {% if (o.description) { %} <p class="oualerts-notify-msg"> {% if (o.guid) { %}<a href="{%=o.guid %}" title="{%=o.title%}" class="oualerts-notify-link">{% } %}{%=o.description %}{% if (o.guid) { %}</a>{% } %} </p> {% } %} <p class="oualerts-notify-footer"> <button class="oualerts-close-button" id="oualerts-close-button">Close</button> </p> </div> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="oualerts-archived-template"> {% if (o[0].htmlHeading) { %} <h2 class="oualerts-archive-main-heading">{%=o[0].htmlHeading %}</h2> {% } %} <ul class="oualerts-achive-list"> {% for (var i=0; o.length > i; i++) { %} <li class="oualerts-achive-list-item oualerts-archive-type-{%=o[i].severity%}"> <div class="oualerts-achive-list-item-inner"> <h3 class="oualerts-archive-title">{%=o[i].title%}</h3> <div class="oualerts-archive-date">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts.alertDateFormat("F d, Y h:i A",o[i].pubDate)%}</div> {% if (o[i].subtitle) { %} <p class="oualerts-archive-subtitle"><strong>{%=o[i].subtitle %}</strong></p> {% } %} {% if (o[i].description) { %} <p class="oualerts-archive-msg"> {% if (o[i].guid) { %} <a href="{%=o[i].guid %}" title="{%=o[i].title%}" class="oualerts-archive-link">{% } %}{%=o[i].description %}{% if (o[i].guid) { %}</a>{% } %} </p> {% } %} {% if (o[i].updates) { %} <h4 class="oualerts-archive-list-update-header">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts[o[i].severity + "Archive"].updateText %}</h4> <ul class="oualerts-achive-list-update"> {% for (var k=0; o[i].updates.length > k; k++) { %} <li class="oualerts-achive-list-item-update"> <div class="oualerts-achive-list-item-update-inner"> <h5 class="oualerts-archive-title-update">{%=o[i].updates[k].title%}</h5> <div class="oualerts-archive-date-update">{%=ouEmergencyAlerts.alertDateFormat("F d, Y h:i A",o[i].updates[k].pubDate)%}</div> {% if (o[i].updates[k].subtitle) { %} <p class="oualerts-archive-subtitle-update"><strong>{%=o[i].updates[k].subtitle %}</strong></p> {% } %} {% if (o[i].updates[k].description) { %} <p class="oualerts-archive-msg-update"> {% if (o[i].updates[k].guid) { %} <a href="{%=o[i].updates[k].guid %}" title="{%=o[i].updates[k].title%}" class="oualerts-archive-link-update">{% } %}{%=o[i].updates[k].description %}{% if (o[i].updates[k].guid) { %}</a> {% } %} </p> {% } %} </div> </li> {% } %} </ul> {% } %} </div> </li> {% } %} </ul> </script> <script src="https://ou-resources.sdsu.edu/js/owl.carousel.min.js"></script><script src="/_resources/js/college/local.js"></script><div id="hidden" style="display:none;"><a id="de" href="https://a.cms.omniupdate.com/11/?skin=sdsu&account=gra&site=research&action=de&path=/index.pcf" target="_top">Last Updated 2/27/25</a></div><script> (function() { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_66356343.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); </script><!-- ouc:info uuid="ad104ad4-3fc8-4123-9a6a-4bceedffd2d0"/ --></body> </html>